Lightweight high-strength elastomer bird-proof cover and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of power transmission, in particular to a light high-strength elastomer anti-bird cover and a preparation method thereof.The light high-strength elastomer anti-bird cover comprises matrix resin, reinforced fibers, light filler or a foaming system and an auxiliary system; the matrix resin is a polyurethane elastomer, the fiber reinforced phase is silane-titanate compound modified fiber, the lightweight filler is silane-polyurea pre-coated hollow glass beads, and the assistant system at least comprises a dispersant, a weather-resistant assistant and a hydrolysis-resistant stabilizer. And an amino-isocyanate coating is further sprayed on the surface of the anti-bird cover. Through a technical system of specific polyol compound matrix, dual-modified interface enhancement, coating-matrix synergistic protection, lightweight and strength balance, the lightweight high-strength elastomer bird-proof cover with excellent comprehensive performance is provided, and the use requirements of different outdoor severe environments are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of power transmission technology, specifically to a lightweight, high-strength elastomer bird shield and its preparation method. Background Technology

[0002] Bird damage is a major cause of tripping and even outages in high-voltage overhead transmission lines. According to relevant power grid statistics, bird-related transmission line faults are second only to external damage, and bird droppings flashover accounts for over 90% of bird-related accidents, primarily occurring on 110-330kV transmission lines. Bird droppings flashover mainly occurs in three ways: flashover in the air, flashover due to bird droppings contamination, and flashover along the surface of the insulator string. To prevent or mitigate bird droppings flashover accidents, especially the latter two, bird shields are typically installed above the conductor suspension points. Bird shields are widely used as critical protective equipment. Existing bird shield materials mainly include ordinary plastics, fiberglass, and traditional rubber. These existing materials have the following drawbacks: Ordinary plastics have low tensile strength and low flexural modulus. When subjected to strong wind loads, icing pressure, or sandstorm impacts for a long time, they are prone to deformation, cracks, edge damage, or even complete detachment. They also have weak corrosion resistance and are prone to aging, cracking, and powdering in coastal high-salt spray, inland acid rain, and industrial dust environments. Although ordinary plastics are lightweight, they need to be thickened to increase strength, resulting in a vicious cycle between weight and strength, making it impossible to achieve both.

[0003] Traditional rubber (natural rubber / SBR): It has insufficient tensile strength, its elasticity decreases after long-term outdoor use, and it has poor wind resistance and cannot withstand the impact of sudden strong winds; in addition, it has poor ozone and UV resistance and is prone to cracking and hardening.

[0004] Fiberglass: Although it has high strength, it is brittle and easily cracks when impacted (such as by bird strikes or falling objects). Increasing its thickness will also increase its weight and the load on the tower.

[0005] In their article, "Research on Wind Resistance and Structural Optimization of Silicone Rubber Bird Protectors for High-Voltage Transmission Lines," Ma Boxiang and Wu Hong stated that "optimizing the structure of the silicone rubber skirt is a major measure to improve the operational reliability and anti-pollution and anti-bird performance of silicone rubber bird protectors or composite insulators." They proposed a large-skirt silicone rubber bird protector with a metal frame structure that can improve wind resistance and operational reliability. However, this design, using a metal frame, significantly increases the weight of the bird protector, increases the load on the towers, and also increases the difficulty of installation.

[0006] Patent CN120299841A discloses a method for manufacturing an extra-large diameter bird shield and the bird shield device itself. To address the issue that "silicone rubber composite materials, as elastic polymers, are soft and lack sufficient mechanical strength to support the large umbrella skirt," a rigid insulating material such as alicyclic epoxy resin is used as the matrix to improve the rigidity of the bird shield and support its large umbrella skirt. However, the rigid epoxy resin used in this technical solution is hard and brittle, has poor impact strength, and lacks elastic recovery ability, making it easily damaged by impacts such as falling ice or sandstorms. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the shortcomings of existing bird cover materials, such as heavy weight, low strength, poor interfacial bonding and poor weather resistance, the present invention provides a lightweight and high-strength elastomer bird cover, including a matrix resin, reinforcing fibers, a lightweight filler or foaming system and an additive system. The matrix resin is a polyurethane elastomer, the fiber reinforcement phase is a silane-titanium ester composite modified fiber, the lightweight filler is a silane-polyurea pre-coated hollow glass microsphere, and the additive system includes at least a dispersant, a weather-resistant additive, and a hydrolysis-resistant stabilizer. The bird shield is also coated with an amino-isocyanate coating.

[0008] Further, the matrix resin comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45-55 parts of caprolactone-modified polyether polyol, 10-20 parts of polycarbonate polyol, 0.5-0.8 parts of nano TiO2, 0.8-1.5 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene micro powder, 5-10 parts of IPDI, 18-25 parts of MDI-100, 6-11 parts of chain extender, and 0.02-0.04 parts of catalyst; The amino-isocyanate coating comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: Component A: 60-90 parts of amino-terminated polyether, 5-8 parts of nano boron nitride, and 8-10 parts of diethyltoluene diamine; Component B: 50-70 parts HDI trimer, 10-30 parts MDI-50, 4-6 parts nano-graphene sheets, 2-4 parts dioctyl phthalate; Component A and component B are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:1.

[0009] Furthermore, the caprolactone-modified polyether polyol has a number-average molecular weight of 2000 and a hydroxyl value of 53-59 mgKOH / g; The polycarbonate polyol has a number-average molecular weight of 2000 and a hydroxyl value of 51-61 mgKOH / g. The terminal amino polyether has a number-average molecular weight of 1000-1700 and a total amine content of 1.35-2.06 meq / g; The chain extender is 1,4-butanediol and isophorone diamine in a mass ratio of 7.5:1; The catalyst is an organic bismuth catalyst and 2-methylimidazole in a mass ratio of 3:1.

[0010] Furthermore, the density of the fiber-reinforcing phase is ≤3.0 g / cm³. 3 The fiber length is ≤2mm, and the mass of the fiber reinforcing phase is 10-15% of the mass of the polyurethane elastomer.

[0011] Further, the mass ratio of methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, and hydroxyethyl acrylate in step S221 is (3-5):(4-6):1; Furthermore, the lightweight filler has an average particle size of 30-40 μm and a true density of 0.5-0.7 g / cm³. 3 The compressive strength is ≥35MPa, and the mass of the lightweight filler is 5-8% of the mass of the matrix resin.

[0012] Furthermore, the density of the matrix resin foamed by the foaming agent system is 0.95-1.05 g / cm³. 3 It has a uniform closed-cell structure of 50-100μm.

[0013] In addition, the present invention also provides a method for preparing a lightweight, high-strength elastomer bird shield, comprising the following steps: S1 matrix premix: Caprolactone-modified polyether polyol, polycarbonate polyol, nano TiO2, and polytetrafluoroethylene micro powder are added to a reaction vessel and stirred, and then vacuum dehydrated at 100-120℃ for 1-1.5h. S2 packing dispersion: Add silane-titanium ester composite modified fiber, silane-polyurea pre-coated hollow glass microspheres and dispersant to the reactor, stir for 40-60 min, and vacuum degas for 15-30 min; S3 prepolymerization reaction: Nitrogen gas is introduced into the reactor for protection. Under stirring, MDI-100 is heated to 60°C and melted. IPDI is then added and mixed evenly before being added dropwise into the reactor. During the dropwise addition, the reaction temperature is controlled at 70-80°C. After the dropwise addition is completed, the temperature is raised to 85-90°C and the reaction is maintained for 2.5 hours to obtain the NCO-terminated prepolymer. S4 chain extension reaction: Control the temperature at 85-90℃, add chain extender and catalyst dropwise to the prepolymer, react for 1-2 hours, and then degas under vacuum for 5-10 minutes; S5 Molding and Curing: The reaction mixture is injected into the bird shield mold, left at room temperature for 72 hours, and then demolded to obtain a lightweight, high-strength elastomer bird shield blank. S6 Surface Coating Treatment: An amino-isocyanate coating is sprayed onto the surface of the bird cover blank, cured at room temperature for 24 hours, and then cured at 70°C for 2 hours to obtain a lightweight, high-strength elastomer bird cover.

[0014] Furthermore, the preparation method of the silane-titanium ester composite modified fiber is as follows: S211 fiber pretreatment: Basalt fiber and glass fiber are mixed at a mass ratio of 3:2, placed in 5% hydrochloric acid solution, ultrasonically cleaned at 60℃ for 30 min, rinsed with deionized water until neutral, and dried at 120℃ for 2 h to obtain pretreated fiber. Preparation of S212 modified solution: Dissolve diamino functional group silane and isopropyltristearate titanate in an ethanol-water mixed solvent (ethanol to water volume ratio 3:1) at a mass ratio of 2:1. Add 0.5% glacial acetic acid (by mass of the mixed solvent) to adjust the pH to 4.5. Stir for 30 min to obtain the modified solution. The total mass of diamino functional group silane and isopropyltristearate titanate accounts for 3% of the mass of the modified solution. S213 compound modification: The pretreated fiber is immersed in the modification solution at a mass ratio of fiber to modification solution of 1:15. The mixture is stirred at 50℃ for 2 hours. After removal, it is pre-cured at 110℃ for 1 hour and then cured at 150℃ for 2 hours. After cooling, it is crushed to a length of 0.5-1 mm to obtain alkane-titanium ester compound modified fiber.

[0015] Furthermore, the preparation method of the silane-polyurea pre-coated hollow glass microspheres is as follows: S221 microbead silane pretreatment: Hollow glass microbeads were ultrasonically dispersed in an ethanol solution for 15 min, 2% of the mass of the microbeads was added, stirred at 70℃ for 1 h, filtered, and dried at 100℃ for 1.5 h to obtain silane pretreated microbeads. Preparation of S222 polyurea coating solution: Dissolve MDI-100 in N,N-dimethylformamide to obtain a 15% (w / w) MDI-100 solution; dissolve ethylenediamine and diethylenetriamine in N,N-dimethylformamide at a (w / w) ratio of 3:1 to obtain a 10% (w / w) amine solution. S223 In-situ Polyurea Coating: Silane pretreated microspheres were added to MDI-100 solution at a mass ratio of 1:10. The mixture was stirred at 50°C for 30 min, and an amine solution was slowly added dropwise at a volume ratio of 1:1.2 to MDI-100 solution. After the addition was complete, the mixture was kept at 60°C for 1.5 h. After filtration, the mixture was washed three times with N,N-dimethylformamide and dried under vacuum at 80°C for 2 h to obtain silane-polyurea pre-coated hollow glass microspheres.

[0016] In addition, the present invention also provides another method for preparing a lightweight, high-strength elastomer bird shield, comprising the following steps: S1 matrix premix: Caprolactone-modified polyether polyol, polycarbonate polyol, nano TiO2, and polytetrafluoroethylene micro powder are added to a reaction vessel and stirred, and then vacuum dehydrated at 100-120℃ for 1-1.5h. S2 filler dispersion: Add silane-titanium ester composite modified fiber and dispersant to the reactor and stir for 40-60 min, then vacuum degas for 15-30 min; S3 prepolymerization reaction: Nitrogen gas is introduced into the reactor for protection. Under stirring, MDI-100 is heated to 60°C and melted. IPDI is then added and mixed evenly before being added dropwise into the reactor. During the dropwise addition, the reaction temperature is controlled at 70-80°C. After the dropwise addition is completed, the temperature is raised to 85-90°C and the reaction is maintained for 2.5 hours to obtain the NCO-terminated prepolymer. S4 foaming and chain extension reaction: Control the temperature at 85-90℃, add the foaming system, chain extender and catalyst dropwise to the prepolymer, and react for 1-2 hours; S5 Molding and Curing: The reaction mixture is injected into the bird shield mold, cured at 100℃ for 2 hours, cooled to room temperature and then demolded to obtain a lightweight, high-strength elastomer bird shield blank. S6 Surface Coating Treatment: An amino-isocyanate coating is sprayed onto the surface of the bird cover blank, cured at room temperature for 24 hours, and then cured at 70°C for 2 hours to obtain a lightweight, high-strength elastomer bird cover.

[0017] Beneficial technical effects (1) This invention provides a lightweight, high-strength elastomer bird cover with excellent comprehensive performance through the technical system of "specific polyol compound matrix + double modified interface reinforcement + coating-matrix synergistic protection + lightweight-strength balance", which meets the needs of different harsh outdoor environments. (2) The present invention constructs a “dual modification-multi-function” interface system: silane-titanium ester composite modified fiber forms a “chemical-coordination-grafting-entanglement” effect. The amino group of the diamino functional group silane reacts with the NCO group of polyurethane to form a urea bond (chemical bond). Vinyl groups are grafted with the side chain free radicals of polyols (grafting bond). The titanium oxygen bond of isopropyltristearate titanate forms a coordination bond with the carbonyl group of polyurethane (coordination effect). Long-chain alkyl groups are entangled with the soft segments of polyurethane. Silane-polyurea pre-coated hollow glass microspheres form a dual effect of “silane bridging-polyurea flexible bonding”. The hydroxyl group of the silane coupling agent silane condenses with the hydroxyl group on the surface of the microsphere. The hydroxyl group at the other end reacts with the polyurea layer. The amino and carbonyl groups of the polyurea layer then form hydrogen bonds and urea bonds with the polyurethane matrix. At the same time, the flexible structure of the polyurea layer can buffer the impact of processing. (3) The present invention uses silane-polyurea pre-coated hollow glass microspheres. The hollow structure can significantly reduce the density of silane-titanium ester modified fibers, forming a continuous three-dimensional reinforcing network in the matrix. This can efficiently transfer and disperse stress, compensate for the strength loss caused by lightweighting, and enable the material to maintain high tensile strength at low density. IPDI and MDI-100 are compounded, and the crosslinking density is controlled by adjusting the hard segment content. This ensures both the flexibility of the matrix and sufficient hard segment strength, achieving "light but not brittle, light but not weak". (4) The surface amino-isocyanate coating forms a dense protective film that can block sand and dust abrasion, salt spray erosion and water media penetration; nano boron nitride, nano graphene and functional fillers form a "skeleton support" in the coating, further improving wear resistance and corrosion resistance; HDI trimer and MDI-50 compound improve the weather resistance of the coating, and nano fillers form a sheet barrier structure to prevent the penetration of corrosive media; the introduction of polycarbonate polyol in the matrix resin not only improves hydrolysis resistance, but also enhances the resistance to salt spray media penetration due to the polarity of its molecular chain; the aliphatic structure of IPDI is more weather resistant and resistant to yellowing than aromatic isocyanates, reducing the impact of aging on corrosion resistance. (5) The flexible long chain of caprolactone-modified polyether polyol can reduce the glass transition temperature of the matrix and improve low-temperature flexibility; at the same time, it reduces the content of hard segments and avoids embrittlement caused by hard segment crystallization at low temperature. The strong interfacial bonding brought by the dual modification technology of fiber and hollow glass microspheres can still avoid interface debonding under the repeated action of low temperature shrinkage and strong wind impact, ensuring the integrity of the overall structure of the material and improving the performance stability under extreme environments. (6) Caprolactone-modified polyether polyol has the flexibility of polyether and the high strength of polyester, and can complement polycarbonate polyol to increase crosslinking sites; IPDI and MDI-100 are compounded to reduce yellowing tendency by utilizing the weather resistance of IPDI, and ensure hard segment strength by MDI-100; the chain extender is a compound of 1,4-butanediol and isophorone diamine, with rigid chain and flexible chain working together to improve matrix toughness and strength; the catalyst (organic bismuth: 2-methylimidazole = 3:1) precisely controls the reaction rate to avoid uneven local crosslinking. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The sources of the raw materials used in the embodiments and comparative examples of this invention are as follows: PTMEG-1000: Polytetrahydrofuran, molecular weight 1000, hydroxyl value 110mgKOH / g, manufacturer: Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Japan; PTMEG-2000: Polytetrahydrofuran, molecular weight 2000, hydroxyl value 56mgKOH / g, manufacturer: Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, Japan; Caprolactone-modified polyether polyol: Grade Placcel T2205, manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd., Japan. Polycarbonate polyol: Daicel Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Japan; Grade: CD220HL; 1,4-Butanediol: Manufacturer: Shandong Ruigang Chemical Co., Ltd.; Isophorone diamine: Manufacturer: BASF, Germany; Organic bismuth catalyst (BiCat8108): Manufacturer: Leading Chemical Company, USA; 2-Methylimidazole: Manufacturer: Shandong Ruiqi Chemical Co., Ltd. MDI-100: Manufacturer: Yantai Wanhua Polyurethane Co., Ltd.; IPDI: Manufacturer: Yantai Wanhua Polyurethane Co., Ltd.; Nano TiO2: Manufacturer: Ningbo Jiwei Nano New Materials Technology Co., Ltd., Model: JWN-TO-AN; Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) micro powder: Manufacturer: Solvay Specialty Polymers, USA, Model: XPP515; Amino-terminated polyether (THF-100): Manufacturer: Huntsman Corporation, USA; Number average molecular weight 1000; Total amines 1.87-2.06 meq / g; Amino-terminated polyether (THF-140): Manufacturer: Huntsman Corporation, USA; Number average molecular weight 1400; Total amines 1.35-1.46 meq / g; Amino-terminated polyether (THF-170): Manufacturer: Huntsman Corporation, USA; Number average molecular weight 1700; Total amines 1.40-1.70 meq / g; Diethyltoluenediamine: Manufacturer: Jinan Yuno Chemical Co., Ltd.; HDI trimer: Manufacturer: Covestro Polymers Ltd., Model: Desmodur N3300; MDI-50: Manufacturer: Yantai Wanhua Polyurethane Co., Ltd.; Nano boron nitride: Manufacturer: Beijing Deco Island Gold Technology Co., Ltd., Model: DK-BN-001, Average particle size: 50nm; Nanographene sheets: Manufacturer: Suzhou Beike Nanotechnology Co., Ltd., Model: szbknm2010 Dioctyl phthalate: Manufacturer: Dioctyl phthalate; Diamino functional group silane: Manufacturer: Guangzhou Shanghe Chemical Technology Co., Ltd., Model: KH-792; Isopropyl tristearate titanate: Manufacturer: Huaian Heyuan Chemical Co., Ltd., Model: KR-TTS; Hollow glass microspheres: Manufacturer: Zhongke Huaxing New Materials Co., Ltd., Model: D2000; Silane coupling agent (KH560): Manufacturer: Guangzhou Shanghe Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.; N,N-Dimethylformamide: Manufacturer: Shanghai Maclean Biochemical Technology, Model: N708553; Ethylenediamine: Manufacturer: Jinan Liyang Chemical Co., Ltd.; Diethylenetriamine: Manufacturer: Jinan Liyang Chemical Co., Ltd.; Dispersant: Manufacturer: BYK (Germany), Model: DISPERBYK-2150; Weathering additive (UV79): Manufacturer: BASF, Germany; Hydrolysis-resistant stabilizer (PCD): Manufacturer: Shandong Duolian Chemical Co., Ltd.; Foam stabilizer: Manufacturer: Xuzhou Yihuiyang New Material Co., Ltd., Model: Silicone oil AK-158.

[0019] In an embodiment of the present invention: The preparation method of silane-titanium ester composite modified fiber is as follows: S211 fiber pretreatment: Basalt fiber and glass fiber are mixed at a mass ratio of 3:2, placed in 5% hydrochloric acid solution, ultrasonically cleaned at 60℃ for 30 min, rinsed with deionized water until neutral, and dried at 120℃ for 2 h to obtain pretreated fiber. Preparation of S212 modified solution: Dissolve diamino functional group silane (KH-792) and isopropyl tristearate titanate (KR-TTS) in an ethanol-water mixed solvent (ethanol to water volume ratio 3:1) at a mass ratio of 2:1. Add 0.5% glacial acetic acid (by mass of the mixed solvent) to adjust the pH to 4.5. Stir for 30 min to obtain the modified solution. The total mass of diamino functional group silane and isopropyl tristearate titanate accounts for 3% of the mass of the modified solution. S213 compound modification: The pretreated fiber is immersed in the modification solution at a mass ratio of fiber to modification solution of 1:15. The mixture is stirred at 50℃ for 2 hours. After removal, it is pre-cured at 110℃ for 1 hour and then cured at 150℃ for 2 hours. After cooling, it is crushed to a length of 0.5-1 mm to obtain alkane-titanium ester compound modified fiber.

[0020] The preparation method of silane-polyurea pre-coated hollow glass microspheres is as follows: S221 microsphere silane pretreatment: Hollow glass microspheres were ultrasonically dispersed in an ethanol solution for 15 min, and 2% of the mass of the microspheres of silane coupling agent (KH560) was added. The mixture was stirred at 70 °C for 1 h, filtered, and dried at 100 °C for 1.5 h to obtain silane pretreated microspheres. Preparation of S222 polyurea coating solution: Dissolve MDI-100 in N,N-dimethylformamide to obtain a 15% (w / w) MDI-100 solution; dissolve ethylenediamine and diethylenetriamine in N,N-dimethylformamide at a (w / w) ratio of 3:1 to obtain a 10% (w / w) amine solution. S223 In-situ Polyurea Coating: Silane pretreated microspheres were added to MDI-100 solution at a mass ratio of 1:10. The mixture was stirred at 50°C for 30 min, and an amine solution was slowly added dropwise at a volume ratio of 1:1.2 to MDI-100 solution. After the addition was complete, the mixture was kept at 60°C for 1.5 h. After filtration, the mixture was washed three times with N,N-dimethylformamide and dried under vacuum at 80°C for 2 h to obtain silane-polyurea pre-coated hollow glass microspheres.

[0021] Example 1: General-purpose lightweight high-strength elastomer bird cover (suitable for conventional outdoor 110-220kV transmission lines) Materials used in preparation (parts by weight): 50 parts caprolactone-modified polyether polyol, 15 parts polycarbonate polyol, 0.6 parts nano TiO2, 1.2 parts polytetrafluoroethylene micropowder, 8 parts IPDI, 22 parts MDI-100, 8 parts chain extender (1,4-butanediol:isophorone diamine = 7.5:1), 0.03 parts catalyst (organobismuth:2-methylimidazole = 3:1), 1.5 parts dispersant, 1.2 parts weather-resistant agent (UV79), 0.5 parts hydrolysis-resistant stabilizer (PCD); silane-titanium ester composite modified fiber (1 mm in length, accounting for 12% of the mass of polyurethane elastomer), silane-polyurea pre-coated hollow glass microspheres (average particle size 40 μm, accounting for 6% of the mass of the matrix resin); The amino-isocyanate coating comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: Component A: 60 parts of amino-terminated polyether (THF-140), 6 parts of nano boron nitride, and 9 parts of diethyltoluene diamine; Component B: 60 parts HDI trimer, 20 parts MDI-50, 5 parts nano-graphene sheets, and 3 parts dioctyl phthalate.

[0022] Preparation method: S1 matrix premix: Caprolactone-modified polyether polyol, polycarbonate polyol, nano TiO2, and polytetrafluoroethylene micro powder are added to a reaction vessel and stirred, and then vacuum dehydrated at 100-120℃ for 1-1.5h. S2 packing dispersion: Add silane-titanium ester composite modified fiber, silane-polyurea pre-coated hollow glass microspheres and dispersant to the reactor, stir for 40-60 min, and vacuum degas for 15-30 min; S3 prepolymerization reaction: Nitrogen gas is introduced into the reactor for protection. Under stirring, MDI-100 is heated to 60°C and melted. IPDI is then added and mixed evenly before being added dropwise into the reactor. During the dropwise addition, the reaction temperature is controlled at 70-80°C. After the dropwise addition is completed, the temperature is raised to 85-90°C and the reaction is maintained for 2.5 hours to obtain the NCO-terminated prepolymer. S4 chain extension reaction: Control the temperature at 85-90℃, add chain extender and catalyst dropwise to the prepolymer, react for 1-2 hours, and then degas under vacuum for 5-10 minutes; S5 Molding and Curing: The reaction mixture is injected into the bird shield mold, left at room temperature for 72 hours, and then demolded to obtain a lightweight, high-strength elastomer bird shield blank. S6 Surface Coating Treatment: An amino-isocyanate coating is sprayed onto the surface of the bird shield blank using a high-pressure airless sprayer with a spraying pressure of 20MPa and an atomization distance of 30cm. The dry film thickness of the coating is controlled at 80-100μm. After spraying, the coating is cured at room temperature for 24 hours and then cured at 70℃ for 2 hours to obtain a lightweight, high-strength elastomer bird shield.

[0023] Example 2: Lightweight foamed bird cover (suitable for 330kV and above high tower transmission lines) Materials used in preparation (parts by weight): 45 parts caprolactone-modified polyether polyol, 10 parts polycarbonate polyol, 0.5 parts nano TiO2, 0.8 parts polytetrafluoroethylene micro powder, 5 parts IPDI, 18 parts MDI-100, 7 parts chain extender, 0.02 parts catalyst, 1.0 part dispersant, 0.8 parts weather-resistant agent (UV79), 0.3 parts hydrolysis-resistant stabilizer (PCD); foaming system (0.3 parts deionized water, 0.2 parts foam stabilizer (silicone oil AK-158); silane-titanium ester composite modified fiber (1 mm in length, accounting for 14% of the mass of polyurethane elastomer). The amino-isocyanate coating comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: Component A: 75 parts of amino-terminated polyether (THF-100), 6 parts of nano boron nitride, and 9 parts of diethyltoluene diamine. Component B: 55 parts HDI trimer, 30 parts MDI-50, 5 parts nano-graphene sheets, and 3 parts dioctyl phthalate.

[0024] Preparation method: S1 matrix premix: Caprolactone-modified polyether polyol, polycarbonate polyol, nano TiO2, and polytetrafluoroethylene micro powder are added to a reaction vessel and stirred, and then vacuum dehydrated at 100-120℃ for 1-1.5h. S2 filler dispersion: Add silane-titanium ester composite modified fiber and dispersant to the reactor and stir for 40-60 min, then vacuum degas for 15-30 min; S3 prepolymerization reaction: Nitrogen gas is introduced into the reactor for protection. Under stirring, MDI-100 is heated to 60°C and melted. IPDI is then added and mixed evenly before being added dropwise into the reactor. During the dropwise addition, the reaction temperature is controlled at 70-80°C. After the dropwise addition is completed, the temperature is raised to 85-90°C and the reaction is maintained for 2.5 hours to obtain the NCO-terminated prepolymer. S4 foaming and chain extension reaction: Control the temperature at 85-90℃, add the foaming system, chain extender and catalyst dropwise to the prepolymer, and react for 1-2 hours; S5 Molding and Curing: The reaction mixture is injected into the bird shield mold, cured at 100℃ for 2 hours, cooled to room temperature and then demolded to obtain a lightweight, high-strength elastomer bird shield blank. S6 Surface Coating Treatment: An amino-isocyanate coating is sprayed onto the surface of the bird shield blank using a high-pressure airless sprayer with a spraying pressure of 20MPa and an atomization distance of 30cm. The dry film thickness of the coating is controlled at 80-100μm. After spraying, the coating is cured at room temperature for 24 hours and then cured at 70℃ for 2 hours to obtain a lightweight, high-strength elastomer bird shield.

[0025] Example 3: High corrosion resistant bird cover (suitable for coastal high salt spray transmission lines) Materials used in preparation (parts by weight): 55 parts caprolactone-modified polyether polyol, 20 parts polycarbonate polyol, 0.8 parts nano TiO2, 1.5 parts polytetrafluoroethylene micropowder, 10 parts IPDI, 25 parts MDI-100, 11 parts chain extender (1,4-butanediol:isophorone diamine = 7.5:1), 0.04 parts catalyst (organobismuth:2-methylimidazole = 3:1), 2.0 parts dispersant, 1.5 parts weather-resistant agent (UV79), 0.8 parts hydrolysis-resistant stabilizer (PCD); silane-titanium ester composite modified fiber (1 mm in length, accounting for 15% of the mass of polyurethane elastomer), silane-polyurea pre-coated hollow glass microspheres (average particle size of 30 μm, accounting for 8% of the mass of the matrix resin); The amino-isocyanate coating comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: Component A: 90 parts of amino-terminated polyether (THF-100), 8 parts of nano boron nitride, and 10 parts of diethyltoluene diamine; Component B: 70 parts HDI trimer, 30 parts MDI-50, 6 parts nano-graphene sheets, and 4 parts dioctyl phthalate.

[0026] The preparation method is the same as in Example 1. Example 4: High wind-resistant bird cover (suitable for power transmission lines in windy areas) Materials used in preparation (parts by weight): 52 parts caprolactone-modified polyether polyol, 18 parts polycarbonate polyol, 0.7 parts nano TiO2, 1.4 parts polytetrafluoroethylene micropowder, 9 parts IPDI, 23 parts MDI-100, 10 parts chain extender (1,4-butanediol:isophorone diamine = 7.5:1), 0.035 parts catalyst (organobismuth:2-methylimidazole = 3:1), 1.8 parts dispersant, 1.4 parts weather-resistant agent (UV79), 0.7 parts hydrolysis-resistant stabilizer (PCD); silane-titanium ester composite modified fiber (2 mm in length, accounting for 14% of the mass of polyurethane elastomer), silane-polyurea pre-coated hollow glass microspheres (average particle size of 30 μm, accounting for 7% of the mass of the matrix resin); The amino-isocyanate coating comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: Component A: 40 parts of amino-terminated polyether (THF-100), 20 parts of amino-terminated polyether (THF-170), 7 parts of nano boron nitride, and 9 parts of diethyltoluene diamine; Component B: 70 parts HDI trimer, 10 parts MDI-50, 6 parts nano-graphene sheets, and 3 parts dioctyl phthalate.

[0027] Preparation method: Same as in Example 1.

[0028] Example 5: Extreme Low Temperature Bird Protector (Suitable for high-altitude -40℃ low temperature transmission lines) Materials used in preparation (parts by weight): 55 parts caprolactone-modified polyether polyol, 10 parts polycarbonate polyol, 0.8 parts nano TiO2, 1.3 parts polytetrafluoroethylene micropowder, 10 parts IPDI, 20 parts MDI-100, 8 parts chain extender (1,4-butanediol:isophorone diamine = 7.5:1), 0.03 parts catalyst (organobismuth:2-methylimidazole = 3:1), 1.6 parts dispersant, 1.5 parts weather-resistant agent (UV79), 0.7 parts hydrolysis-resistant stabilizer (PCD); silane-titanium ester composite modified fiber (1 mm in length, accounting for 13% of the mass of polyurethane elastomer), silane-polyurea pre-coated hollow glass microspheres (average particle size 30 μm, accounting for 7% of the mass of the matrix resin); The amino-isocyanate coating comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: Component A: 10 parts of amino-terminated polyether (THF-100), 70 parts of amino-terminated polyether (THF-170), 6 parts of nano boron nitride, and 9 parts of diethyltoluene diamine. Component B: 60 parts HDI trimer, 20 parts MDI-50, 5 parts nano-graphene sheets, and 3 parts dioctyl phthalate.

[0029] The preparation method is the same as in Example 2.

[0030] Example 6: High wear-resistant bird cover (suitable for power transmission lines in areas prone to sandstorms) Materials used in preparation (parts by weight): 53 parts caprolactone-modified polyether polyol, 17 parts polycarbonate polyol, 0.8 parts nano TiO2, 1.6 parts polytetrafluoroethylene micropowder, 9 parts IPDI, 24 parts MDI-100, 9.5 parts chain extender (1,4-butanediol:isophorone diamine = 7.5:1), 0.04 parts catalyst (organobismuth:2-methylimidazole = 3:1), 1.9 parts dispersant, 1.6 parts weather-resistant agent (UV79), 0.6 parts hydrolysis-resistant stabilizer (PCD); silane-titanium ester composite modified fiber (length 0.5 mm, accounting for 15% of the mass of polyurethane elastomer), silane-polyurea pre-coated hollow glass microspheres (average particle size 30 μm, accounting for 7% of the mass of matrix resin); The amino-isocyanate coating comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: Component A: 40 parts of amino-terminated polyether (THF-100), 20 parts of amino-terminated polyether (THF-170), 6 parts of nano boron nitride, and 9 parts of diethyltoluene diamine. Component B: 60 parts HDI trimer, 20 parts MDI-50, 5 parts nano-graphene sheets, and 3 parts dioctyl phthalate.

[0031] The preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0032] Comparative Example 1: Traditional PVC plastic bird shield Materials used in preparation: 100 parts of PVC resin (Qilu Petrochemical SG-5), 30 parts of plasticizer (DOP), 20 parts of CaCO3 filler, 2 parts of stabilizer (lead stearate), and 1 part of lubricant (Green Treasure Stearate 1801); no coating.

[0033] Preparation method: The CaCO3 filler was placed in a 120℃ forced-air drying oven for 3 hours to remove surface adsorbed moisture (to avoid bubbles and pinholes during melt mixing), and then cooled to room temperature for later use. PVC resin is dried in an 80℃ vacuum drying oven for 2 hours in advance to reduce the resin moisture content (≤0.3%) and prevent surface defects of the product due to moisture evaporation during extrusion. Add the pretreated PVC resin, stabilizer, and lubricant to a high-speed mixer, set the temperature to 80℃ and the speed to 1200r / min, and mix for 5min. Gradually add the plasticizer and continue mixing for 8 minutes (ensure the plasticizer evenly coats the resin particles, and observe that the material is loose and "snowflake-like"). Finally, add the dried CaCO3 filler, adjust the speed to 1500 r / min, mix for 10 min, and obtain a uniform PVC premix. Apply 0.3 parts of silicone release agent (BYK-450) evenly to the mold and let it air dry at room temperature for 5 minutes to ensure that the release agent forms a uniform film; Turn on the flat die press and set the die temperature: 165℃ for the upper die and 160℃ for the lower die. Preheat for 30 minutes to ensure that the die temperature is uniform and stable. Spread the PVC premix evenly in the mold cavity to avoid local shortages or accumulation; Mold closing and pressurization: Set pressure to 12MPa, maintain pressure and vent: After the first mold closing, maintain pressure at 3MPa and vent twice (each venting time is 10s, with an interval of 30s) to remove air and volatiles from the premix. After venting, increase the pressure to 12MPa, maintain the mold temperature at 160-165℃, and hold the pressure for 7 minutes to ensure that the material is fully melted, plasticized, and molded.

[0034] Comparative Example 2: Metal-framed silicone rubber bird shield Materials used in preparation: 100 parts silicone rubber (Dow Corning DC3482), 20 parts silica (Degussa A200), metal skeleton (304 stainless steel wire, 0.4 mm in diameter and 50 mm in length), 1.5 parts silicone rubber vulcanizing agent (diisopropylbenzene peroxide), and 3 parts hydroxyl silicone oil; no coating.

[0035] Preparation method: Stainless steel wire is sanded to remove the surface oxide layer, then ultrasonically cleaned in 5% hydrochloric acid solution at 60°C for 15 minutes, rinsed with deionized water until neutral, and dried at 120°C for 2 hours for later use. The silica was dried in a vacuum drying oven at 120℃ for 4 hours to remove adsorbed moisture and prevent bubbles from forming during mixing. Add silicone rubber (DC3482) to an open mixing mill (roll temperature 40-50℃, roll gap 1-2mm) and pass it through the mill 3 times. Gradually add the pretreated silica and hydroxyl silicone oil, mix for 15 minutes to ensure that the silica is evenly dispersed (observe that there are no white particles in the rubber compound). Finally, add dicumyl peroxide, mix for 5 minutes, and then sheet out in thin sheets (3-4 mm thick) to obtain the compound. According to the size of the bird cover mold, the pre-treated stainless steel wires are evenly arranged in the mold cavity (the skeleton spacing is 10mm, in a grid pattern), ensuring that the two ends of the skeleton are embedded in the mold positioning groove to avoid displacement during molding; Place the compounded rubber into the mold, cover it with the metal frame, close the mold, and place it into a flat vulcanizing machine. Set the temperature to 165℃ and the pressure to 5MPa, and vulcanize at a constant temperature for 18 minutes. After vulcanization, the material is allowed to cool naturally to room temperature (cooling rate ≤ 5℃ / min), then removed from the mold and burrs are removed to obtain a metal-framed silicone rubber bird shield.

[0036] Comparative Example 3: Rigid Epoxy Resin Bird Cover Materials used in preparation: 100 parts of alicyclic epoxy resin (Evonik CY179), 85 parts of curing agent (methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride), 12 parts of glass fiber (1 mm in length), and accelerator (BDMA); no coating.

[0037] Preparation method: The glass fiber was dried in a 110℃ forced-air drying oven for 2 hours to remove surface moisture and improve its compatibility with epoxy resin. Apply 0.5 parts of release agent (BYK-450) evenly to the inner wall of the mold and let it air dry at room temperature. Add the alicyclic epoxy resin to a stainless steel stirred tank, heat to 60℃, and stir at 500 r / min for 10 min; Gradually add the curing agent, and stir at 60℃ and 800r / min for 20 minutes until the mixture is homogeneous. Add the accelerator and continue stirring for 5 minutes to obtain a transparent and homogeneous epoxy premix. The epoxy mixture containing glass fiber was injected into the pretreated mold, and vacuum-assisted degassing (vacuum degree -0.09MPa, time 10min) was used to remove the air bubbles generated during the mixing process. Place the mold into the molding machine, set the temperature to 125℃ and the pressure to 7MPa, and cure at a constant temperature for 35 minutes. After curing, the mold is cooled to room temperature, the mold is opened and the product is removed. The gate and burrs are removed to obtain a rigid epoxy resin bird shield.

[0038] Comparative Example 4: Materials used in preparation: 65 parts of polyether polyol PPG-2000, 30 parts of MDI-100, 1.5 parts of dispersant, 1.2 parts of weather-resistant agent (UV79), 0.5 parts of hydrolysis-resistant stabilizer (PCD), 1.2 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene micro powder; 8 parts of chain extender (1,4-butanediol), 0.03 parts of catalyst (organic bismuth), silane-modified basalt fiber (1 mm in length, accounting for 12% of the mass of polyurethane elastomer), and ordinary hollow glass microspheres (average particle size 40 μm, accounting for 6% of the mass of matrix resin). The amino-isocyanate coating is the same as in Example 1; The preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0039] Comparative Example 5: The materials used were the same as in Example 1, except that the surface coating was removed.

[0040] Comparative Example 6: The difference between the preparation materials and methods and those in Example 1 is that the silane-polyurea pre-coated hollow glass microspheres are removed.

[0041] Comparative Example 7: The difference between the preparation materials and methods and those in Example 1 is that ordinary hollow glass microspheres are used.

[0042] Comparative Example 8: The difference between the preparation materials and methods and those in Example 1 is that ordinary basalt fiber and glass fiber (mass ratio 3:2) are used.

[0043] Comparative Example 9: Materials used in preparation (parts by weight): 65 parts caprolactone-modified polyether polyol, 0.6 parts nano TiO2, 1.2 parts polytetrafluoroethylene micropowder, 10 parts IPDI, 22 parts MDI-100, 8 parts chain extender (1,4-butanediol:isophorone diamine = 7.5:1), 0.03 parts catalyst (organobismuth:2-methylimidazole = 3:1), 1.5 parts dispersant, 1.2 parts weather-resistant agent (UV79), 0.5 parts hydrolysis-resistant stabilizer (PCD); silane-titanium ester composite modified fiber (1 mm in length, accounting for 12% of the mass of polyurethane elastomer), silane-polyurea pre-coated hollow glass microspheres (average particle size 40 μm, accounting for 6% of the mass of the matrix resin); The amino-isocyanate coating is the same as in Example 1; The preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0044] Comparative Example 10: Materials used in preparation (parts by weight): 65 parts polycarbonate polyol, 0.6 parts nano TiO2, 1.2 parts polytetrafluoroethylene micropowder, 6 parts IPDI, 22 parts MDI-100, 8 parts chain extender (1,4-butanediol:isophorone diamine = 7.5:1), 0.03 parts catalyst (organobismuth:2-methylimidazole = 3:1), 1.5 parts dispersant, 1.2 parts weather-resistant agent (UV79), 0.5 parts hydrolysis-resistant stabilizer (PCD); silane-titanium ester composite modified fiber (1 mm in length, accounting for 12% of the mass of polyurethane elastomer), silane-polyurea pre-coated hollow glass microspheres (average particle size 40 μm, accounting for 6% of the mass of matrix resin); The amino-isocyanate coating is the same as in Example 1; The preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0045] Comparative Example 11: The difference between the preparation materials and methods and those in Example 1 is that the amino-isocyanate coating comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: Component A: 30 parts of polyether polyol PPG-1000, 30 parts of polyether polyol PPG-2000, 6 parts of nano boron nitride, and 9 parts of diethyltoluene diamine; Component B: 60 parts HDI trimer, 20 parts MDI-50, 5 parts nano-graphene sheets, and 3 parts dioctyl phthalate.

[0046] The performance tests of the embodiments and comparative examples of this invention, including specific test items and methods, are as follows: Density test: Performed according to GB / T1033.1-2008 "Determination of density of non-foamed plastics - Part 1: Immersion method, liquid specific gravity bottle method and titration method", test temperature 23℃, sample size 10mm×10mm×4mm, 5 parallel tests and average value. Tensile strength / elongation at break: Performed according to GB / T528-2009 "Determination of tensile stress-strain properties of vulcanized rubber or thermoplastic rubber", with dumbbell type 1 specimen, tensile rate of 500 mm / min, and average value of 5 parallel tests. Shore A hardness: Performed according to GB / T2411-2008 "Determination of indentation hardness (Shore hardness) of plastics and hard rubber using a hardness tester". Before testing, the sample was placed in an environment of 23℃ for 24 hours. Five points were tested on each sample and the average value was taken. Abrasion resistance: Performed according to GB / T9867-2008 "Determination of abrasion resistance of vulcanized rubber or thermoplastic rubber (rotary roller abrasion tester method)", load 10N, abrasion stroke 40m, grinding wheel model CS-17, weigh after testing to calculate abrasion loss, and take the average value of 3 parallel tests. Salt spray resistance: Performed according to GB / T10125-2021 "Artificial Atmosphere Corrosion Test Salt Spray Test", 5% NaCl solution, 35℃, continuous spraying, observe the rust, blistering and peeling of the sample surface, record the time of the first appearance of defects, and take the shortest time of 3 parallel tests. Artificial accelerated aging performance: Performed according to GB / T16422.2-2014 "Laboratory Light Source Exposure Test Methods for Plastics - Part 2: Xenon Arc Lamp", irradiance 0.51 W / (m²). 2 •nm), standard temperature 65℃, relative humidity 50%, after 1000h test, tensile strength retention rate, yellowing index (tested according to GB / T2410-2008) and appearance change are tested, and the average value of 3 parallel tests is taken; Wind resistance performance: A self-made simulated strong wind impact device was used, with wind speeds set at 35m / s (level 12 gale) and 40m / s (extreme gale), and impact time of 30min. The specimens were observed for deformation, cracking, and detachment. After the test, the tensile strength residual rate was measured. Three parallel tests were conducted and the average value was taken. Coating adhesion: Performed according to GB / T9286-2021 "Cross-cut test for paints and varnishes", with a cross-cut spacing of 2mm. Peel off with 3M tape. Rating standard: 0-5 (0 is the best). 5 parallel tests are conducted and the lowest rating is taken. Interfacial shear strength test: Referring to GB / T14074-2017 "Test methods for wood adhesives and their resins", the single fiber pull-out method was used to embed the modified fiber into the polyurethane matrix and test the shear strength when the fiber was pulled out. Ten parallel tests were conducted and the average value was taken. Microbead breakage rate test: The morphology of microbeads before and after modification and after processing was observed using an optical microscope. The proportion of broken microbeads to the total number was counted. Five fields of view were observed for each sample, and 100 microbeads were counted in each field of view. The average value was taken. Low-temperature performance testing: GB / T15256-2014 "Determination of Low-Temperature Brittleness of Vulcanized Rubber or Thermoplastic Rubber (Multiple Specimen Method)" uses type A specimens. Four type A specimens are used per impact test. The test starts at 0℃, and a set of tests is performed every 10℃ until no damage is observed. Then, the temperature of the low-temperature bath is lowered to the highest temperature at which damage was observed, and the temperature is gradually increased. The temperature increase is 2℃ at each temperature, and the test is performed until no damage is observed at a certain temperature. This temperature is recorded as the brittleness limit temperature. Hydrolysis resistance test: According to GB / T15905-1995 "Test method for damp heat aging of tensile properties of plastics", the tensile strength retention rate was tested after being placed in an environment of 50℃ and 95% relative humidity for 1000h. The average value of 3 parallel tests was taken.

[0047] The test results are as follows:

[0048] Based on the above experimental data, this technical solution demonstrates significant advantages compared to existing technologies (Comparative Examples 1-3) and incomplete improvement solutions (Comparative Examples 4-11), specifically in the following five aspects: 1. Significantly improved interface bonding and hydrolysis resistance, solving the problem of outdoor aging. The dual modification technology of this invention (fiber silane-titanium ester compound modification and microsphere silane-polyurea pre-coating) enhances the interfacial bonding stability between fibers, glass microspheres, and polyurethane matrix resin. Experimental data show that the interfacial shear strength of Examples 1-6 is 2.7-3.3 MPa, the hydrolysis resistance is 1300-1800 h / 84-90%, and the microsphere breakage rate is only 3.2-4.4%. In contrast, Comparative Example 4 (single silane modified fiber) has an interfacial shear strength of 1.6 MPa and a hydrolysis resistance of 500 h / 45%, while Comparative Example 7 (ordinary microspheres) has a breakage rate of 32.5% and a hydrolysis resistance of 800 h / 65%, representing a decrease of 48.5-51.5% (interfacial strength) and 38.9-72.2% (hydrolysis resistance time) compared to the Examples. This improvement stems from the triple action of "chemical-coordination-entanglement" of silane-titanium ester composite modified fibers (fibers), the triple action of "bridging-flexible buffering-barrier" of silane-polyurea pre-coated hollow glass microspheres, and the anti-hydrolysis effect of PCD additives. This ensures that after long-term use (1000h aging) in outdoor humid and salt spray environments, there is no interface debonding or significant performance degradation, solving the core pain points of traditional materials such as poor hydrolysis resistance and easy aging failure.

[0049] 2. A perfect balance between lightweight and high strength, significantly reducing tower load. In Examples 1-6, the density was controlled between 0.99-1.05 g / cm³. 3Compared to traditional PVC bird covers (Comparative Example 1, 1.35 g / cm³), 3 The weight reduction was 22.2-26.7%, compared to metal-reinforced silicone rubber (Comparative Example 2, 1.42 g / cm³). 3 The weight reduction is 26.0-28.9%; meanwhile, the tensile strength is 35.2-40.5 MPa, far exceeding that of traditional materials (PVC 15.2 MPa, silicone rubber 22.5 MPa). Even in the foamed lightweight example 2 (density 0.96 g / cm³), the weight is reduced by 26.0-28.9%; at the same time, the tensile strength is 35.2-40.5 MPa, far exceeding that of traditional materials (PVC 15.2 MPa, silicone rubber 22.5 MPa). 3 The tensile strength remains at 35.6 MPa, the residual strength after wind resistance is 91% (35 m / s), and the hydrolysis resistance is 1300 h / 85%, solving the pain point of traditional "lightweighting inevitably reduces strength and weather resistance". The weight of a single bird cover is reduced by more than 35% compared to traditional fiberglass, significantly reducing the load on the tower and reducing installation and maintenance costs.

[0050] 3. Synergistic effect of wear resistance, corrosion resistance and hydrolysis resistance, suitable for harsh environments in all scenarios. In terms of wear resistance, the wear loss of Examples 1-6 was 6.2-13.0 mg / 40m, which was 71.1-86.2% lower than that of Comparative Example 1 (45 mg / 40m). Among them, the wear resistance of the high wear resistance Example 6 (6.2 mg / 40m) was the best due to the synergistic effect of polytetrafluoroethylene micro powder and coating nano boron nitride. In terms of corrosion resistance, the high corrosion resistance Example 3 showed no rust after 1500h of salt spray test, which was 200% higher than that of Comparative Example 1 (500h) and 87.5% higher than that of Comparative Example 5 (no coating, 800h). In terms of hydrolysis resistance, Example 3 reached 1800h / 90%, which was 200% higher (time) and 73.1% higher (strength retention rate) than that of Comparative Example 1 (600h / 52%), and 80% higher (time) and 28.6% higher (strength retention rate) than that of Comparative Example 2 (1000h / 70%). The three elements work together to ensure that the product can be used for a long time in various scenarios such as regular outdoor use, coastal areas with high salt fog and high humidity, and frequent sandstorms.

[0051] 4. Strong adaptability to extreme environments and excellent low-temperature wind resistance. Example 5, an extreme low-temperature type, showed no brittleness at -48℃, with a low-temperature tensile strength retention rate of 91%, far superior to traditional PVC (brittle at -25℃) and silicone rubber (68% strength retention rate at -35℃). Example 4, a high-wind-resistant type, could withstand the impact of extreme winds of 40m / s with a strength retention rate of 95%, a 13% improvement compared to Comparative Example 2 (82% retention rate at 35m / s). It also exhibited a hydrolysis resistance of 87% for 1600h, demonstrating stable operation even in windy and humid extreme environments such as plateaus and coastal areas. This is attributed to the precise control of fiber length and matrix crosslinking density, the flexible design of the coating, and the synergistic effect of hydrolysis-resistant additives, comprehensively enhancing its tolerance to extreme environments.

[0052] It has strong process adaptability and is valuable for industrial-scale promotion. The raw materials used in this invention are all industrially mass-produced materials, with no scarce or high-risk components. The preparation process involves conventional stirring, molding, and spraying, requiring no special equipment and can utilize existing polyurethane production lines, resulting in high production efficiency and controllable costs. In terms of performance stability, the key properties (strength, hydrolysis resistance, and wind resistance) in Examples 1-6 show small fluctuations (tensile strength 35.2-40.5 MPa, hydrolysis resistance time 1300-1800 h), indicating excellent process compatibility and product consistency. Compared to the incomplete solutions in Comparative Examples 4-11, this solution achieves synergistic improvement in multiple properties without requiring additional production steps, demonstrating significant advantages for industrial application.

[0053] The preferred embodiments of the present invention disclosed above are merely illustrative of the invention. These preferred embodiments do not exhaustively describe all details, nor do they limit the invention to the specific implementations described. Clearly, many modifications and variations can be made based on the content of this specification. This specification selects and specifically describes these embodiments to better explain the principles and practical applications of the invention, thereby enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and utilize the invention.

Claims

1. A lightweight, high-strength elastomer bird shield, characterized in that, This includes the matrix resin, reinforcing fibers, lightweight fillers or foaming systems, and additive systems; The matrix resin is a polyurethane elastomer, the fiber reinforcement phase is a silane-titanium ester composite modified fiber, the lightweight filler is a silane-polyurea pre-coated hollow glass microsphere, and the additive system includes at least a dispersant, a weather-resistant additive, and a hydrolysis-resistant stabilizer. The bird shield is also coated with an amino-isocyanate coating.

2. The lightweight, high-strength elastomer bird shield according to claim 1, characterized in that, The matrix resin comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45-55 parts of caprolactone-modified polyether polyol, 10-20 parts of polycarbonate polyol, 0.5-0.8 parts of nano TiO2, 0.8-1.5 parts of polytetrafluoroethylene micro powder, 5-10 parts of IPDI, 18-25 parts of MDI-100, 6-11 parts of chain extender, and 0.02-0.04 parts of catalyst; The amino-isocyanate coating comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: Component A: 60-90 parts of amino-terminated polyether, 5-8 parts of nano boron nitride, and 8-10 parts of diethyltoluene diamine; Component B: 50-70 parts HDI trimer, 10-30 parts MDI-50, 4-6 parts nano-graphene sheets, 2-4 parts dioctyl phthalate; Component A and component B are mixed at a mass ratio of 1:

1.

3. The lightweight, high-strength elastomer bird shield according to claim 2, characterized in that, The caprolactone-modified polyether polyol has a number-average molecular weight of 2000 and a hydroxyl value of 53-59 mgKOH / g. The polycarbonate polyol has a number-average molecular weight of 2000 and a hydroxyl value of 51-61 mgKOH / g. The terminal amino polyether has a number-average molecular weight of 1000-1700 and a total amine content of 1.35-2.06 meq / g; The chain extender is 1,4-butanediol and isophorone diamine in a mass ratio of 7.5:1; The catalyst is an organic bismuth catalyst and 2-methylimidazole in a mass ratio of 3:

1.

4. The lightweight, high-strength elastomer bird shield according to claim 1, characterized in that, The density of the fiber-reinforced phase is ≤3.0 g / cm³. 3 The fiber length is ≤2mm, and the mass of the fiber reinforcing phase is 10-15% of the mass of the polyurethane elastomer.

5. The lightweight, high-strength elastomer bird shield according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lightweight filler has an average particle size of 30-40 μm and a true density of 0.5-0.7 g / cm³. 3 The compressive strength is ≥35MPa, and the mass of the lightweight filler is 5-8% of the mass of the matrix resin.

6. The lightweight, high-strength elastomer bird shield according to claim 1, characterized in that, The density of the matrix resin after treatment with the aforementioned lightweight filler or foaming system is 0.95-1.05 g / cm³. 3 .

7. The method for preparing the lightweight, high-strength elastomer bird shield according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1 matrix premix: Caprolactone-modified polyether polyol, polycarbonate polyol, nano TiO2, and polytetrafluoroethylene micro powder are added to a reaction vessel and stirred, and then vacuum dehydrated at 100-120℃ for 1-1.5h. S2 packing dispersion: Add silane-titanium ester composite modified fiber, silane-polyurea pre-coated hollow glass microspheres and dispersant to the reactor, stir for 40-60 min, and vacuum degas for 15-30 min; S3 prepolymerization reaction: Nitrogen gas is introduced into the reactor for protection. Under stirring, MDI-100 is heated to 60°C and melted. IPDI is then added and mixed evenly before being added dropwise into the reactor. During the dropwise addition, the reaction temperature is controlled at 70-80°C. After the dropwise addition is completed, the temperature is raised to 85-90°C and the reaction is maintained for 2.5 hours to obtain the NCO-terminated prepolymer. S4 chain extension reaction: Control the temperature at 85-90℃, add chain extender and catalyst dropwise to the prepolymer, react for 1-2 hours, and then degas under vacuum for 5-10 minutes; S5 Molding and Curing: The reaction mixture is injected into the bird shield mold, left at room temperature for 72 hours, and then demolded to obtain a lightweight, high-strength elastomer bird shield blank. S6 Surface Coating Treatment: An amino-isocyanate coating is sprayed onto the surface of the bird cover blank, cured at room temperature for 24 hours, and then cured at 70°C for 2 hours to obtain a lightweight, high-strength elastomer bird cover.

8. The method for preparing the lightweight, high-strength elastomer bird shield according to claim 6, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1 matrix premix: Caprolactone-modified polyether polyol, polycarbonate polyol, nano TiO2, and polytetrafluoroethylene micro powder are added to a reaction vessel and stirred, and then vacuum dehydrated at 100-120℃ for 1-1.5h. S2 filler dispersion: Add silane-titanium ester composite modified fiber and dispersant to the reactor and stir for 40-60 min, then vacuum degas for 15-30 min; S3 prepolymerization reaction: Nitrogen gas is introduced into the reactor for protection. Under stirring, MDI-100 is heated to 60°C and melted. IPDI is then added and mixed evenly before being added dropwise into the reactor. During the dropwise addition, the reaction temperature is controlled at 70-80°C. After the dropwise addition is completed, the temperature is raised to 85-90°C and the reaction is maintained for 2.5 hours to obtain the NCO-terminated prepolymer. S4 foaming and chain extension reaction: Control the temperature at 85-90℃, add the foaming system, chain extender and catalyst dropwise to the prepolymer, and react for 1-2 hours; S5 Molding and Curing: The reaction mixture is injected into the bird shield mold, cured at 100℃ for 2 hours, cooled to room temperature and then demolded to obtain a lightweight, high-strength elastomer bird shield blank. S6 Surface Coating Treatment: An amino-isocyanate coating is sprayed onto the surface of the bird cover blank, cured at room temperature for 24 hours, and then cured at 70°C for 2 hours to obtain a lightweight, high-strength elastomer bird cover.

9. The method for preparing the lightweight, high-strength elastomer bird shield according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that, The preparation method of the silane-titanium ester composite modified fiber is as follows: S211 fiber pretreatment: Basalt fiber and glass fiber are mixed at a mass ratio of 3:2, placed in 5% hydrochloric acid solution, ultrasonically cleaned at 60℃ for 30 min, rinsed with deionized water until neutral, and dried at 120℃ for 2 h to obtain pretreated fiber. Preparation of S212 modified solution: Dissolve diamino functional group silane and isopropyltristearate titanate in an ethanol-water mixed solvent (ethanol to water volume ratio 3:1) at a mass ratio of 2:

1. Add 0.5% glacial acetic acid (by mass of the mixed solvent) to adjust the pH to 4.

5. Stir for 30 min to obtain the modified solution. The total mass of diamino functional group silane and isopropyltristearate titanate accounts for 3% of the mass of the modified solution. S213 compound modification: The pretreated fiber is immersed in the modification solution at a mass ratio of fiber to modification solution of 1:

15. The mixture is stirred at 50℃ for 2 hours. After removal, it is pre-cured at 110℃ for 1 hour and then cured at 150℃ for 2 hours. After cooling, it is crushed to a length of 0.5-1 mm to obtain alkane-titanium ester compound modified fiber.

10. The method for preparing the lightweight, high-strength elastomer bird shield according to claim 7, characterized in that, The preparation method of the silane-polyurea pre-coated hollow glass microspheres is as follows: S221 microbead silane pretreatment: Hollow glass microbeads were ultrasonically dispersed in an ethanol solution for 15 min, 2% of the mass of the microbeads was added, stirred at 70℃ for 1 h, filtered, and dried at 100℃ for 1.5 h to obtain silane pretreated microbeads. Preparation of S222 polyurea coating solution: Dissolve MDI-100 in N,N-dimethylformamide to obtain a 15% (w / w) MDI-100 solution; dissolve ethylenediamine and diethylenetriamine in N,N-dimethylformamide at a (w / w) ratio of 3:1 to obtain a 10% (w / w) amine solution. S223 In-situ Polyurea Coating: Silane pretreated microspheres were added to MDI-100 solution at a mass ratio of 1:

10. The mixture was stirred at 50°C for 30 min, and an amine solution was slowly added dropwise at a volume ratio of 1:1.2 to MDI-100 solution. After the addition was complete, the mixture was kept at 60°C for 1.5 h. After filtration, the mixture was washed three times with N,N-dimethylformamide and dried under vacuum at 80°C for 2 h to obtain silane-polyurea pre-coated hollow glass microspheres.

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