Critical jet assisted laser micro-nano etching device for carbon fiber reinforced composite material

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of laser micro-nano manufacturing, and particularly relates to a critical jet assisted laser micro-nano etching device for a carbon fiber reinforced composite material. The device comprises a water tank body in which a clamping and positioning device for clamping the carbon fiber reinforced composite material is arranged; a moving platform; the base is used for bearing and driving the water tank body to move; the laser assembly comprises a picosecond laser source and an optical system, and the optical system is used for focusing laser emitted by the picosecond laser source to the carbon fiber reinforced composite material; and the critical jet device is positioned above the carbon fiber reinforced composite material, is obliquely arranged relative to the carbon fiber reinforced composite material, and is used for jetting critical water jet to the carbon fiber reinforced composite material. According to the invention, the problem that the etching quality and the dimensional precision of the laser-etched carbon fiber reinforced composite material are affected due to the fact that dense fine bubbles and molten residues generated during liquid-assisted laser etching of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material are difficult to discharge can be solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of laser micro-nano manufacturing, and particularly relates to ultrafast laser etching of carbon fiber reinforced composite materials. More specifically, it relates to a critical jet-assisted laser micro-nano etching device for carbon fiber reinforced composite materials. Background Technology

[0002] Carbon fiber reinforced composites are composite materials with oriented stacked carbon fibers as reinforcement and high-performance resin as the matrix. With their ultra-low density, corrosion resistance, and low thermal expansion, they have successfully overcome the performance barriers of traditional metallic materials in terms of strength and high-temperature stability, demonstrating irreplaceable value in aerospace, new energy transportation, and advanced military applications for achieving structural lightweighting and improved endurance. Currently, the processing of carbon fiber reinforced composites is mainly based on machining. Defects such as fiber pull-out, interface delamination, and abnormal tool wear that occur during processing directly lead to strength loss in carbon fiber reinforced composites, severely restricting their reliable application in load-bearing structures.

[0003] Laser etching is a non-contact processing method. By optimizing device parameters such as the energy and movement speed of the high-energy laser beam, it can effectively reduce the drawbacks of carbon fiber pull-out, wear, and delamination. Therefore, lasers have promising applications in the processing of carbon fiber reinforced composite materials. However, the long duration of microsecond and nanosecond laser pulses leads to significant thermal diffusion effects. This effect causes two negative consequences: first, the material vaporization efficiency decreases while the melting ratio increases, causing large solidified droplets to detach from the matrix and redeposit on the processed surface, resulting in workpiece contamination; second, excessive molten phase leads to a simultaneous increase in the thickness of the recast layer and the size of the heat-affected zone. These phenomena not only severely reduce processing accuracy but also significantly degrade processing quality due to the micro-defects and material property inhomogeneities that easily occur in the recast layer and heat-affected zone. For carbon fiber reinforced composite materials, the significant difference in photothermal properties between the reinforcement and the matrix makes laser etching of carbon fiber composite materials a challenge.

[0004] Compared to microsecond and nanosecond lasers, ultrafast lasers have a much shorter pulse width. Using ultrafast lasers for micro- and nano-etching significantly reduces the time the high-energy laser beam remains on the material surface, thus curbing the accumulation of heat. This physical advantage not only significantly optimizes the conversion rate of laser energy to the material but also effectively suppresses the formation of molten and re-condensed layers and thermally altered layers, ultimately achieving precise control over surface morphology. Based on these superior characteristics, ultrafast lasers have been widely used in the precision machining of difficult-to-machine materials with high hardness, high strength, and high toughness in industries such as electronics and precision machinery.

[0005] Due to the inherent characteristics of materials and the transient nature of laser thermal effects, microcracks and molten residues inevitably remain on the surface of materials processed by ultrafast lasers, thus affecting the yield and processing quality of precision components. Therefore, many researchers have introduced liquid-assisted ultrafast laser processing. Using water as an aid in laser etching is a common liquid-assisted laser processing technique. However, ultrafast laser etching in a static water layer still leads to the formation of dense microbubbles on the material surface, and the molten residues generated during laser etching cannot be removed in a timely manner, severely impacting the processing efficiency and etching quality of water-assisted laser etching.

[0006] Therefore, it is urgent to solve the problems existing in the current liquid-assisted laser processing technology. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a critical jet-assisted laser micro-nano etching device for carbon fiber reinforced composite materials. It can solve the problem that the dense fine bubbles and molten residues generated during liquid-assisted laser etching of carbon fiber reinforced composite materials are difficult to remove, thus affecting the etching quality and dimensional accuracy of laser etching of carbon fiber reinforced composite materials.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution of the present invention is: a critical jet-assisted laser micro / nano etching device for carbon fiber reinforced composite materials, comprising:

[0009] The water tank is equipped with a clamping and positioning device for holding carbon fiber reinforced composite materials.

[0010] Mobile platform; used to support and move the water tank;

[0011] A laser assembly includes a picosecond laser source and an optical system, the optical system being used to focus the laser emitted by the picosecond laser source onto the carbon fiber reinforced composite material;

[0012] A critical jet device is located above the carbon fiber reinforced composite material and is inclined relative to the carbon fiber reinforced composite material for spraying critical water jets onto the carbon fiber reinforced composite material.

[0013] Furthermore, the critical jet device forms a 45-degree angle with the moving platform, and the critical water jet introduced by the critical jet device is 5 mm away from the carbon fiber reinforced composite material.

[0014] Furthermore, the optical system includes a galvanometer first, a galvanometer second, a galvanometer third, and a laser focusing system arranged sequentially along the optical path.

[0015] Furthermore, the critical jet-assisted laser micro / nano etching device for carbon fiber reinforced composite materials also includes:

[0016] A liquid circulation device, which is equipped with a filter assembly, has its inlet connected to the outlet of the water tank;

[0017] A water supply pump, the inlet of which is connected to the outlet of the liquid circulation device, and the outlet of which is connected to the critical jet device.

[0018] Furthermore, the water supply pump is equipped with a flow regulating device.

[0019] Furthermore, the picosecond laser source is a 532 nm green picosecond laser.

[0020] This invention also relates to a critical jet-assisted laser micro / nano etching method for carbon fiber reinforced composite materials, using a critical jet-assisted laser micro / nano etching device based on carbon fiber reinforced composite materials, comprising:

[0021] Step S1: Place the carbon fiber reinforced composite material to be etched into the working part of the water tank and clamp it using a clamping and positioning device to keep the carbon fiber reinforced composite material horizontal.

[0022] Step S2: Place the water tank containing the carbon fiber reinforced composite material on the moving platform, and position the carbon fiber reinforced composite material within the working range of the laser component and the critical jet.

[0023] Step S3: Activate the critical jet device. After the critical water jet stabilizes, while the moving platform moves the water tank and the carbon fiber reinforced composite material inside the water tank, use a picosecond laser source to perform ultrafast laser micro-nano etching on the carbon fiber reinforced composite material.

[0024] Furthermore, in step S3, the repetition frequency range of the picosecond laser source is 20-100 kHz, and the average power range is 5-30 W.

[0025] Furthermore, in step S3, the number of processing cycles is 5-25, and the scanning speed is 20-100 mm / s.

[0026] Furthermore, the critical jet device has a water flow rate range of 80-160 ml / min, a critical jet thickness range of 0.5-1.3 mm, and a critical jet velocity range of 200-1100 mm / s.

[0027] By adopting the above technical solution, the critical water jet (a thin and flowing water film) introduced by the critical jet device in this invention helps to wash away the molten residue generated by ultrafast laser processing and the high-density microbubbles accompanying liquid-assisted ultrafast laser etching. It can also effectively reduce the heat-affected zone generated by laser processing of carbon fiber reinforced composite materials. Thus, without affecting the etching efficiency, it reduces the impact of high-density microbubbles, molten residue and the characteristics of the auxiliary liquid itself on the ultrafast laser etching of carbon fiber reinforced composite materials, so that it has a smaller heat-affected zone and higher etching quality. This achieves the purpose of improving the processing quality, dimensional accuracy and etching efficiency of liquid-assisted ultrafast laser etching of carbon fiber reinforced composite materials, enabling the entire device to achieve high-quality precision etching of complex microstructures on the surface of carbon fiber reinforced composite materials. Attached Figure Description

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the critical jet-assisted laser micro / nano etching device for carbon fiber reinforced composite materials according to the present invention.

[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the water tank body of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the critical jet-assisted laser micro / nano etching process of carbon fiber reinforced composite materials according to the present invention.

[0031] Figure 4 The images show confocal 3D profiles of the carbon fiber reinforced composite materials etched in Examples 1 to 3.

[0032] Figure 5 Confocal 3D profiles of the carbon fiber reinforced composite materials etched in Comparative Examples 1 to 3;

[0033] Figure 6 The image shows the confocal 3D profile of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material etched in Comparative Example 4.

[0034] Figure 7 The image shows a dotted line diagram of the groove width of the carbon fiber reinforced composite materials etched in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3.

[0035] Figure 8 The image shows a dotted line diagram of the groove depth of the carbon fiber reinforced composite materials etched in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3.

[0036] Figure 9 The diagram shows the heat-affected zones of the carbon fiber reinforced composite materials etched in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3.

[0037] In the diagram, 1. Picosecond laser source; 21. Laser beam one; 22. Laser beam two; 23. Laser beam three; 24. Laser beam four; 31. Galvanometer one; 32. Galvanometer two; 33. Galvanometer three; 4. Laser focusing system; 5. Moving platform; 6. Clamping and positioning device; 7. Water inlet channel; 8. Flow regulating device; 9. Water supply pump; 10. Water tank; 11. Carbon fiber reinforced composite material; 12. Drainage channel; 13. Liquid circulation device; 14. Conduit; 15. Critical jet device. Detailed Implementation

[0038] To make the content of this invention easier to understand, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

[0039] In order to solve the problem of the difficulty in removing dense microbubbles and molten residues in ultrafast laser etching in a static water layer, the inventors of this patent attempted to use a flowing water layer to assist laser processing. Through the continuous flushing action of the water flow, the workpiece is cooled and the molten residue is removed efficiently at the same time.

[0040] However, during the experiment, it was found that using flowing water to assist laser processing leads to two problems. First, the turbulence of the water causes distortion of the laser beam, resulting in partial spot distortion and loss of laser energy, thus reducing processing quality. Second, during flowing water-assisted laser processing, the dynamic refraction effect of the water causes the laser beam propagation path to deviate, leading to focal plane drift.

[0041] Further improvements resulted in the solution described in this embodiment, thus ensuring the stability of liquid-assisted ultrafast laser processing by addressing two key factors: first, the water layer thickness should be as small as possible to reduce the interference of the water layer on the laser beam; second, the water layer should have a certain flow rate to carry away the generated heat and debris. The specific solution is as follows:

[0042] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, a critical jet-assisted laser micro / nano etching device for carbon fiber reinforced composite materials includes:

[0043] The water tank body 10 is equipped with a clamping and positioning device 6 for clamping the carbon fiber reinforced composite material 11.

[0044] Mobile platform 5; used to support and move the water tank 10;

[0045] The laser assembly includes a picosecond laser source 1 and an optical system, the optical system being used to focus the laser emitted by the picosecond laser source 1 onto the carbon fiber reinforced composite material 11;

[0046] The critical jet device 15 is located above the carbon fiber reinforced composite material 11 and is inclined relative to the carbon fiber reinforced composite material 11. It is used to spray critical water jets onto the carbon fiber reinforced composite material 11.

[0047] Specifically, the critical jet exhibits unique critical state flow field characteristics. It is located at the transition point between laminar and turbulent flow, forming a quasi-laminar core region. This metastable equilibrium has two advantages for liquid-assisted ultrafast laser processing: on the one hand, the quasi-laminar core region significantly suppresses beam distortion due to its ultra-low optical distortion characteristics, effectively overcoming the problem of laser energy dissipation caused by turbulent scattering. At the same time, the uniform cooling field distribution in this region can suppress the initiation of microcracks in the material. On the other hand, by maintaining the laminar-dominated flow state and the geometric stability of the water layer, the critical jet significantly reduces the random refractive index fluctuations caused by dynamic water flow, and can suppress focal plane drift.

[0048] In this embodiment, the critical water jet (a thin and flowing water film) introduced by the critical jet device 15 helps to wash away the molten residue generated by ultrafast laser processing and the high-density microbubbles accompanying liquid-assisted ultrafast laser etching. It can also effectively reduce the heat-affected zone generated by the carbon fiber reinforced composite material during laser processing. Thus, without affecting the etching efficiency, it reduces the impact of high-density microbubbles, molten residue, and the characteristics of the auxiliary liquid itself on the ultrafast laser etching of carbon fiber reinforced composite material, so that it has a smaller heat-affected zone and higher etching quality. This achieves the purpose of improving the processing quality, dimensional accuracy, and etching efficiency of liquid-assisted ultrafast laser etching of carbon fiber reinforced composite material, enabling the entire device to achieve high-quality precision etching of complex microstructures on the surface of carbon fiber reinforced composite material 11.

[0049] The mobile platform 5 can be a two-dimensional mobile platform, moving along the X and Y axes. The picosecond laser source 1 can be a 532nm green picosecond laser. The water tank 10 can be a graphite water storage tank (graphite material is chosen primarily to prevent high-temperature damage during processing). The clamping and positioning device 6 can have various structures, as long as it can clamp and fix the carbon fiber reinforced composite material 11. For example, ... Figure 2 As shown, the clamping and positioning device 6 includes two opposing sets of flat-head bolts, which are threaded onto the water tank body 10. The two sets of flat-head bolts are screwed in to clamp the carbon fiber reinforced composite material 11. The threaded connection design of the clamping and positioning device 6 allows the system to adapt to carbon fiber composite material workpieces of different sizes, ensuring the universality of the liquid-assisted ultrafast laser etching process.

[0050] In some examples, such as Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, the critical jet device 15 is at a 45-degree angle to the moving platform 5, and the distance between the critical water jet introduced by the critical jet device 15 and the carbon fiber reinforced composite material 11 is 5 mm.

[0051] In some examples, such as Figure 1 As shown, the optical system includes galvanometer 1 31, galvanometer 2 32, galvanometer 33 and laser focusing system 4 arranged sequentially along the optical path.

[0052] In this system, galvanometer 31 reflects the laser beam emitted by picosecond laser source 1 back to galvanometer 31, which then reflects the laser beam to galvanometer 32. Galvanometer 32 reflects the laser beam to galvanometer 33, which in turn reflects the laser beam to laser focusing system 4. Laser focusing system 4 then focuses the laser beam onto the surface of carbon fiber reinforced composite material 11. Figure 1 As shown, the laser beam emitted by the picosecond laser source 1 is laser beam 21, and the laser beams output by galvanometer 31, galvanometer 32 and galvanometer 33 are respectively denoted as laser beam 22, laser beam 33 and laser beam 424.

[0053] In some examples, such as Figure 1 As shown, the critical jet-assisted laser micro / nano etching device for carbon fiber reinforced composite materials also includes:

[0054] The liquid circulation device 13 is equipped with a filter assembly, and its inlet is connected to the outlet of the water tank 10.

[0055] The water supply pump 9 has its inlet connected to the outlet of the liquid circulation device 13, and its outlet connected to the critical jet device 15.

[0056] The liquid circulation device 13 with integrated filtration components can realize the real-time discharge of waste liquid containing sludge, and the treated waste liquid can be reinjected into the water supply pump 9, which can realize the reuse and recycling of water resources and avoid water waste.

[0057] The water supply pump 9 is equipped with a flow regulating device, which makes it convenient to adjust the water flow as needed.

[0058] The critical jet-assisted laser micro / nano etching method for carbon fiber reinforced composite materials based on the critical jet-assisted laser micro / nano etching device for carbon fiber reinforced composite materials in the above embodiments includes:

[0059] Step S1: Place the carbon fiber reinforced composite material 11 to be etched into the working position of the water tank 10, and clamp it using the clamping and positioning device 6 to keep the carbon fiber reinforced composite material 11 horizontal.

[0060] Step S2: Place the water tank 10 containing the carbon fiber reinforced composite material 11 on the moving platform 5, and place the carbon fiber reinforced composite material 11 within the working range of the laser component and the critical jet.

[0061] Step S3: Turn on the critical jet device 15. After the critical water jet stabilizes, while the moving platform 5 moves the water tank 10 and the carbon fiber reinforced composite material 11 inside the water tank 10, use the picosecond laser source 1 to perform ultrafast laser micro-nano etching on the carbon fiber reinforced composite material 11.

[0062] In step S3, preferably, the picosecond laser source 1 has a repetition frequency range of 20-100 kHz and an average power range of 5-30 W; the number of processing times is 5-25 times and the scanning speed is 20-100 mm / s; the water flow rate of the critical jet device 15 is 80-160 ml / min, the thickness of the formed critical jet is 0.5-1.3 mm, and the critical jet velocity is 200-1100 mm / s.

[0063] A more specific method is as follows:

[0064] The first step is to clean and wipe the carbon fiber reinforced composite material 11 to be processed.

[0065] The second step is to place the cleaned and wiped carbon fiber reinforced composite material 11 into the correct working position of the water tank 10, and slowly rotate the flat-head bolt in the clamping and positioning device 6 to correctly clamp the carbon fiber reinforced composite material 11 to be processed, so that its surface to be processed is horizontal, and to prevent the carbon fiber reinforced composite material 11 from shifting during the processing.

[0066] The third step involves placing the water tank 10 containing the carbon fiber reinforced composite material 11 on the moving platform 5 of the 532 nm green picosecond laser, turning on the 532 nm green picosecond laser, and slowly moving the moving platform 5 using the built-in processing software to move the water tank 10 containing the carbon fiber reinforced composite material 11 to the image center of the 532 nm green picosecond laser.

[0067] The fourth step is to connect the critical jet device 15 to the water supply pump 9 through the water inlet channel 7.

[0068] The fifth step is to connect the drain outlet of the water tank 10 to the liquid circulation device 13 equipped with the filter assembly through the drain channel 12, and then connect the liquid circulation device 13 equipped with the filter assembly to the water supply pump 9 through the conduit 14.

[0069] Step 6: Set the repetition frequency and average power of the 532 nm green picosecond laser; the repetition frequency range is 20-100 kHz and the average power range is 5-30 W.

[0070] Step 7: Import the pre-drawn CAD drawings and set the number of processing cycles and scanning speed of the 532 nm green picosecond laser; the number of processing cycles ranges from 5 to 25, and the scanning speed ranges from 20 to 100 mm / s.

[0071] The eighth step is to adjust the water flow rate by means of the flow regulating device 8 on the water supply pump 9; wherein the water flow rate range is 80-160 ml / min, the critical jet thickness range is 0.5-1.3 mm, and the critical jet velocity range is 200-1100 mm / s.

[0072] Step 9: Adjust the Z-axis height of the 532 nm green picosecond laser so that its laser beam is focused on the carbon fiber reinforced composite material 11.

[0073] Step 10: Set the alignment point using the 532 nm green picosecond laser image center, open the 532 nm green picosecond laser shutter, and perform ultrafast laser micro-nano etching.

[0074] Step 11: After processing is completed, move platform 5 to the unloading position, turn off the 532 nm green picosecond laser, and then remove the water inlet channel 7 and the drainage channel 12 from the graphite water storage tank.

[0075] Step 12: Slowly rotate the two bolts in the clamping and positioning device 6 to disassemble the processed carbon fiber reinforced composite material 11.

[0076] The solutions involved in the above embodiments will be described in detail below with reference to specific examples and comparative examples.

[0077] Implementation Examples 1 to 3:

[0078] Examples 1 to 3 all used an Amber NX GR-30S 30 W green picosecond laser manufactured by China Delong Corporation, with an output wavelength of 532 nm and a repetition frequency adjustable from 1 Hz to 2000 kHz, to perform micro-nano etching of carbon fiber reinforced composite materials under critical jet conditions.

[0079] The difference between Examples 1 to 3 lies in the inconsistent laser process parameters, specifically the increased laser power. The laser process parameters and critical jet parameters used in Examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 1.

[0080] Table 1

[0081] Repetition frequency (kHz) Scanning speed (mm / s) Power (W) Number of scans (times) Water flow rate (ml / min) Jet velocity (mm / s) Water layer thickness (mm) Example 1 60 40 5 20 120 500 1 Example 2 60 40 10 20 120 500 1 Example 3 60 40 20 20 120 500 1

[0082] Comparative Examples 1 to 3:

[0083] Comparative Examples 1 to 3 all used an Amber NX GR-30S 30 W green picosecond laser manufactured by Delong Corporation of China, with an output wavelength of 532 nm and a repetition rate adjustable from 1 Hz to 2000 kHz, for micro-nano etching of carbon fiber reinforced composite materials under atmospheric conditions. The laser process parameters used are shown in Table 2.

[0084] The difference between Comparative Examples 1 and 3 lies in the different laser process parameters used, specifically the increased laser power. The laser process parameters used in Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are shown in Table 2.

[0085] Table 2

[0086] Repetition frequency (kHz) Scanning speed (mm / s) Power (W) Number of scans (times) Comparative Example 1 60 40 5 20 Comparative Example 2 60 40 10 20 Comparative Example 3 60 40 20 20

[0087] Comparative Example 4:

[0088] Comparative Example 4 is basically the same as Example 2, except that the critical jet process parameters used are different. Specifically, the jet velocity and water layer thickness are increased. The specific process parameters are shown in Table 3.

[0089] Table 3

[0090] Repetition frequency (kHz) Scanning speed (mm / s) Power (W) Number of scans (times) Water flow rate (ml / min) Jet velocity (mm / s) Water layer thickness (mm) 60 40 10 20 120 1500 2.3

[0091] In Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4, the workpiece material used was 1 mm thick CFRP, with carbon fiber (T300, Toray Industries, Japan) as the reinforcing material and epoxy resin (Huibai, China) as the matrix material. The etched samples from Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-4 were tested as follows:

[0092] KEYENCE VK-X series confocal microscope: Place the sample on the movable stage of the confocal microscope, observe it using a 20x objective lens, and take a three-dimensional contour image of the sample. Analyze the depth, width, and heat-affected zone width of the etched trenches using analysis software.

[0093] Figure 4 These are confocal three-dimensional profile images of the samples from Examples 1 to 3. Figure 5 The images show the confocal 3D profiles of the samples in Comparative Examples 1 to 3.

[0094] from Figure 5As can be seen from Comparative Examples 1 to 3, which were etched under atmospheric conditions, the etching depth increased continuously with the gradual increase of power, but the heat-affected zone of the carbon fiber composite material also increased continuously. Especially in Comparative Examples 2 and 3, the heat-affected zone of the carbon fiber composite material etched under atmospheric conditions was much larger than the trench width, and the exposure of carbon fibers and resin peeling were very serious.

[0095] from Figure 4 It can be clearly seen that the carbon fiber exposure and resin peeling in Examples 1 to 3 are significantly improved compared with Comparative Examples 1 to 3. The heat-affected zone in Examples 1 to 3 is effectively controlled compared with the heat-affected zone in Comparative Examples 1 to 3, proving that the processing quality can be effectively improved by introducing critical jet-assisted laser processing of carbon fiber composite materials.

[0096] Figure 6 For the confocal 3D profile of the carbon fiber reinforced composite material etched in Comparative Example 4, from... Figure 6 As can be seen, the increase in water layer thickness leads to a reduction in laser energy and more severe scattering and refraction phenomena in the water layer, resulting in the incomplete etching of the groove in Comparative Example 4 and poor surface quality of the carbon fiber composite material on both sides of the groove.

[0097] Figure 7 This is a dotted-line diagram showing the groove widths of the carbon fiber reinforced composite materials etched in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3. Figure 7 As can be seen, the groove width of the carbon fiber composite material etched under atmospheric conditions is slightly larger than that etched under critical jet-assisted ultrafast laser conditions. This is because under critical jet-assisted ultrafast laser conditions, the critical jet reduces the thermal effect of the laser beam on the carbon fiber composite material. However, the groove width of Examples 1 to 3 is only about 10% lower than that of Comparative Examples 1 to 3. Among them, the groove width of Example 2 is only about 3% lower than that of Comparative Example 2.

[0098] Figure 8 This is a dotted line graph showing the groove depth of the carbon fiber reinforced composite materials etched in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3. Figure 8 It is evident that the groove depth of the carbon fiber composite material etched under critical jet-assisted ultrafast laser conditions is only slightly less than that etched under atmospheric conditions. This is because under critical jet-assisted ultrafast laser conditions, the critical jet reduces the thermal effect of the laser beam on the carbon fiber composite material. However, the groove depth of Examples 1 to 3 is only about 5% lower than that of Comparative Examples 1 to 3. Specifically, the groove depth of Example 3 is only about 1% lower than that of Comparative Example 3.

[0099] Figure 9 The diagram shows the heat-affected zones (HAZs) of the carbon fiber reinforced composite materials etched in Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-3. Figure 9 As can be seen, the width of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) of carbon fiber composites etched under a critical jet-assisted ultrafast laser environment is significantly lower than that etched under an atmospheric environment. This is because the introduced critical jet can effectively eliminate molten residues generated during laser etching and tiny water bubbles generated when the laser beam encounters a water layer. The HAZ widths of Examples 1 to 3 are generally reduced by about 20% compared to Comparative Examples 1 to 3, with Example 2 showing a reduction of about 25%. This demonstrates that the introduced critical jet-assisted ultrafast laser etching of carbon fiber composites can effectively suppress the HAZ width and improve etching quality.

[0100] In summary, although the critical jet introduced by this invention slightly reduces the etching depth and width, it can significantly reduce the heat-affected zone of laser-etched carbon fiber composites, effectively increasing the processing quality of laser-etched carbon fiber composites.

[0101] Based on the above-described preferred embodiments of the present invention, and through the foregoing description, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications without departing from the inventive concept. The technical scope of this invention is not limited to the contents of the specification, but must be determined according to the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A critical jet-assisted laser micro / nano etching device for carbon fiber reinforced composite materials, characterized in that, include: The water tank (10) is equipped with a clamping and positioning device (6) for clamping carbon fiber reinforced composite material (11). Mobile platform (5); used to support and move the water tank (10); The laser assembly includes a picosecond laser source (1) and an optical system for focusing the laser emitted by the picosecond laser source (1) onto the carbon fiber reinforced composite material (11). A critical jet device (15) is located above the carbon fiber reinforced composite material (11) and is inclined relative to the carbon fiber reinforced composite material (11) for spraying critical water jets onto the carbon fiber reinforced composite material (11).

2. The critical jet-assisted laser micro / nano etching device for carbon fiber reinforced composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The critical jet device (15) forms a 45-degree angle with the moving platform (5), and the critical water jet introduced by the critical jet device (15) is 5 mm away from the carbon fiber reinforced composite material (11).

3. The critical jet-assisted laser micro / nano etching device for carbon fiber reinforced composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The optical system includes a galvanometer first (31), a galvanometer second (32), a galvanometer third (33) and a laser focusing system (4) arranged sequentially along the optical path.

4. The critical jet-assisted laser micro / nano etching device for carbon fiber reinforced composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: A liquid circulation device (13) is provided with a filter assembly, and its inlet is connected to the outlet of the water tank (10); The water supply pump (9) has its inlet connected to the outlet of the liquid circulation device (13), and its outlet connected to the critical jet device (15).

5. The critical jet-assisted laser micro / nano etching device for carbon fiber reinforced composite materials according to claim 4, characterized in that, The water supply pump (9) is equipped with a flow regulating device.

6. The critical jet-assisted laser micro / nano etching device for carbon fiber reinforced composite materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The picosecond laser source (1) is a 532 nm green picosecond laser.

7. A critical jet-assisted laser micro / nano etching method for carbon fiber reinforced composite materials based on the critical jet-assisted laser micro / nano etching device of any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, include: Step S1: Place the carbon fiber reinforced composite material (11) to be etched into the working position of the water tank (10) and clamp it using the clamping and positioning device (6) to keep the carbon fiber reinforced composite material (11) horizontal. Step S2: Place the water tank (10) containing the carbon fiber reinforced composite material (11) on the moving platform (5) and place the carbon fiber reinforced composite material (11) within the working range of the laser assembly and the critical jet. Step S3: Turn on the critical jet device (15). After the critical water jet stabilizes, while the moving platform (5) moves the water tank (10) and the carbon fiber reinforced composite material (11) in the water tank (10), use the picosecond laser source (1) to perform ultrafast laser micro-nano etching on the carbon fiber reinforced composite material (11).

8. The critical jet-assisted laser micro / nano etching method for carbon fiber reinforced composite materials according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S3, the repetition frequency range of the picosecond laser source (1) is 20-100 kHz, and the average power range is 5-30 W.

9. The critical jet-assisted laser micro / nano etching method for carbon fiber reinforced composite materials according to claim 7, characterized in that, In step S3, the number of processing cycles is 5-25, and the scanning speed is 20-100 mm / s.

10. The critical jet-assisted laser micro / nano etching method for carbon fiber reinforced composite materials according to claim 7, characterized in that, The critical jet device (15) has a water flow rate range of 80-160 ml / min, a critical jet thickness range of 0.5-1.3 mm, and a critical jet velocity range of 200-1100 mm / s.

Images