Intelligent backfilling and compacting device for red sandstone roadbed and using method

Abstract

The invention provides an intelligent backfilling and compacting device for a red sandstone roadbed and a using method, and relates to the technical field of constructional engineering. The intelligent backfilling and compacting device for the red sandstone roadbed comprises an excavator body and a road roller body, an excavator bucket is installed on a small arm of the excavator body, a metering assembly is arranged in the excavator bucket, a pressing roller is installed on the inner side of a front outlet arm of the road roller body, and an upper support is fixed to the front end of the front outlet arm of the road roller body; a hydraulic rod is hinged to the upper support, a leveling shovel box is rotationally arranged at the bottom end of the upper support, a leveling screening assembly is arranged in the leveling shovel box, a discharging box is fixed to the bottom of a front outlet arm of the road roller body, and a discharging filling assembly is arranged in the discharging box. According to the intelligent backfilling and compacting device for the red sandstone roadbed and the using method, intelligent and accurate excavation and backfilling can be conducted on the earthwork volume of the red sandstone through the excavator body, the red sandstone roadbed can be intelligently compacted through the road roller body, and the efficiency of construction operation of the red sandstone roadbed is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of building engineering technology, specifically to an intelligent backfilling and compaction device for red sandstone roadbed and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] Red sandstone is often used for roadbed filling. It has characteristics such as low strength, easy disintegration when exposed to water, and easy weathering. If it is used or handled improperly, it can easily cause problems such as insufficient bearing capacity or uneven settlement. Domestic and foreign research on red sandstone has mostly focused on its physical and mechanical properties. There is relatively little research on the excavation and backfilling technology of red sandstone. Under the trend of green construction, cold excavation, i.e. mechanical excavation, is an environmentally friendly method and its application in engineering is gradually increasing.

[0003] However, current construction processes suffer from problems such as large errors in excavation volume calculations and low efficiency in combined mechanical excavation. It is necessary to construct a real-time volume measurement system for cold-excavated red sandstone blocks and a real-time excavation efficiency monitoring platform based on 3D scanning technology, applicable to on-site excavation construction techniques. Furthermore, the judgment of backfill quality and compaction degree testing for red sandstone subgrades largely relies on manual testing and experience, resulting in a large volume of backfill quality data, inefficient testing methods, and a vague evaluation system. Therefore, it is necessary to intelligently modify on-site construction machinery based on laser scanning radar, sensors, and big data platforms to create mechanized and intelligent real-time detection devices. Based on backfill quality data, [further details needed]. Intelligent backfill quality monitoring methods are needed. During the compaction of red sandstone subgrades, it is difficult to rationally utilize excess material and fill pits. Furthermore, excavated red sandstone requires disintegration and weathering treatment before it can be used as subgrade fill. Backfilled weathered red sandstone soil is essentially unsaturated. Under the combined effects of rainfall and evaporation, the weathered red sandstone soil is constantly in a wet-dry cycle, easily leading to reduced soil strength and increased deformation. Moreover, red sandstone has certain disintegration characteristics. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a constitutive program for unsaturated red sandstone weathered soil based on indoor unsaturated triaxial tests and soil-water characteristic tests to conduct slope stability analysis. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (a) Technical problems to be solved To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides an intelligent backfilling and compaction device and its usage method for red sandstone roadbeds, which solves the problems of large volume calculation errors and low mechanical excavation efficiency during the excavation of red sandstone.

[0005] (II) Technical Solution

[0006] To achieve the goals of minimizing volume calculation errors and increasing mechanical excavation efficiency during the excavation of red sandstone, this invention provides the following technical solution: An intelligent backfilling and compaction device for red sandstone roadbeds, comprising an excavator body and a road roller body. A bucket is mounted on the boom of the excavator body, and a metering component is installed inside the bucket. A pressure roller is mounted on the inner side of the front boom of the road roller body. An upper support is fixed to the front end of the front boom of the road roller body, and a hydraulic rod is hinged to the upper support. A leveling shovel box rotates at the bottom of the upper support, and the bottom end of the hydraulic rod is hinged to the leveling shovel box. A leveling and screening component is installed inside the leveling shovel box. A discharge box is fixed to the bottom of the front boom of the road roller body, and a discharge and leveling component is installed inside the discharge box. The leveling shovel box, discharge box, and pressure roller are arranged from front to back. Tilt sensors are installed at the pivot pins of the boom and arm of the excavator body. A lidar, a camera, an RTX real-time positioning system and a pressure sensor are installed on the body of the excavator body. A positioning directional antenna, a positioning terminal and a compaction degree acquisition instrument are installed on the body of the road roller body. A compaction degree sensor is installed on the pressure roller. The metering component includes a grabber mounted on the port of the bucket, a water immersion disintegration sensor mounted on the grabber, a fault-tolerant cavity inside the bucket, a weighing plate of the same shape as the bucket inside the fault-tolerant cavity, an L-shaped groove inside the fault-tolerant cavity, an L-shaped block sliding in the L-shaped groove, the L-shaped block being welded and fixed to the weighing plate, a weighing sensor installed inside the fault-tolerant cavity, and a spring sleeved on the outside of the weighing sensor, the two ends of the spring being fixedly connected to the bucket and the weighing plate respectively.

[0007] Preferably, controllers are installed on both the excavator body and the road roller body, and tilt sensors, lidar, cameras, RTX real-time positioning systems, pressure sensors, water immersion disintegration sensors, and weighing sensors are respectively connected to the controller on the excavator body. Positioning directional antennas, positioning terminals, compaction degree acquisition instruments, compaction degree sensors, and hydraulic cylinders connected to hydraulic rods are respectively connected to the controller on the road roller body.

[0008] Preferably, the weighing plate is slidably connected to the bucket via an L-shaped groove and an L-shaped block.

[0009] Preferably, the leveling and screening component includes an outer inclined surface and an inner inclined surface. The outer inclined surface is located at the port of the leveling shovel box, and the inner inclined surface is located on the bottom surface inside the leveling shovel box. The angle between the outer and inner inclined surfaces is obtuse. A filter screen is installed at the junction of the inner and outer inclined surfaces, with the filter screen positioned above the inner inclined surface and a gap between it and the inner inclined surface. A conveying pipe is fixed at the center of the port of the inner inclined surface, and a discharge pipe is fixed on the conveying pipe. A three-head support is fixed inside both the conveying pipe and the discharge pipe. A crushing motor is mounted on the three-head support, and a crushing shaft is fixed at the output end of the crushing motor. A crushing disc is fixed on the top. The gap between the conveying pipe and the inner inclined surface forms a material distribution port. A lower support is fixed to the bottom of the leveling shovel box. A steering motor is installed on the lower support. An open cylinder with an upper opening is fixed to the output end of the steering motor. The open cylinder is located below the material distribution port. A middle discharge pipe is fixed to the open cylinder. A discharge motor is installed on the outside of the open cylinder. A discharge auger is fixed to the output end of the discharge motor. The other end of the discharge auger is rotatably connected to the middle discharge pipe through a support rod. The crushing motor, steering motor, and discharge motor are respectively connected to a controller on the body of the road roller.

[0010] Preferably, the inner inclined surface is inclined to the open cylinder side, the filter screen is inclined to the conveying pipe side, and the side of the filter screen near the conveying pipe is arc-shaped, and the arc-shaped filter screen is connected to the cylindrical cavity inside the conveying pipe.

[0011] Preferably, the conveying pipe is inclined toward the material discharge box, the angle between the conveying pipe and the flat shovel box is an obtuse angle, and the inner bottom surface of the open cylinder is an inclined surface, which is inclined toward the middle material discharge pipe.

[0012] Preferably, the material feeding and leveling assembly includes a U-shaped frame fixed to the bottom of the material feeding box. A remote-sensing road condition sensor is installed on the U-shaped frame. A rotating shaft and a rotating tube are rotatably mounted on the material feeding box via bearings. An external material feeding box is fixed between the rotating shaft and the rotating tube, and the external material feeding box is rotatably connected to the material feeding box via the rotating shaft and the rotating tube. A left electric telescopic rod is hinged to the left end of the external material feeding box, and a right electric telescopic rod is hinged to the right end. The top ends of the left and right electric telescopic rods are respectively hinged to the left and right ends of the material feeding box. Each side is fixed with a side bracket. A left feeding motor is installed on the left side bracket, and a right feeding motor is installed on the right side bracket. A left auger is fixed to the output end of the left feeding motor, and a right auger is fixed to the output end of the right feeding motor. A support frame is fixed inside the external feeding box, and the inner ends of the left and right augers are rotatably connected to the support frame through bearings. The remote-sensing road condition sensor, the left electric telescopic rod, the right electric telescopic rod, the left feeding motor, and the right feeding motor are respectively connected to the controller on the body of the road roller.

[0013] Preferably, the spiral direction of the left auger is opposite to that of the right auger.

[0014] Preferably, the two ends of the external feeding box are located on the left and right sides of the middle feeding pipe, the discharge round pipe is inserted into the inside of the rotating pipe, and the inner diameter of the rotating pipe is larger than the outer diameter of the discharge round pipe.

[0015] A method for using an intelligent backfilling and compaction device for red sandstone roadbed includes the following steps: The first step involves combining 3D laser scanning technology with wireless data transmission, data integration, and hardware modification to build a real-time measurement system for the volume of excavated blocks. This system analyzes the excavation efficiency under different mechanical combinations, studies the optimal combination mode, and enables real-time monitoring of excavation efficiency. The second step involves studying the backfilling and compaction process by intelligently modifying the on-site compaction machinery. This research focuses on the quality data of backfilling red sandstone weathered soil, including particle size, backfill thickness, and compaction degree. The goal is to develop a real-time monitoring system for multi-dimensional data on the quality of backfilling red sandstone weathered soil roadbed, replacing the traditional detection technology that relies on manual inspection and experience. This will create a mechanized and intelligent detection device and system. The third step is to conduct indoor tests on the weathered soil of the backfilled red sandstone roadbed, taking into account the water-holding characteristics and particle fragmentation characteristics, to obtain constitutive model parameters. Based on the ABAQUS platform, an unsaturated constitutive model of the weathered red sandstone soil is developed to carry out slope stability analysis. The fourth step is to integrate the real-time monitoring system for cold excavation and backfilling of red sandstone subgrade, the constitutive data of red sandstone subgrade soil, the full life cycle construction data and unsaturated constitutive model, and establish a three-dimensional digital structure and parameter model platform for red sandstone subgrade to guide subsequent red sandstone subgrade construction practices.

[0016] (III) Beneficial Effects

[0017] This invention provides an intelligent backfilling and compaction device for red sandstone roadbeds and its usage method. It has the following beneficial effects: By employing 3D laser scanning technology, the optimal excavation block volume is determined, and construction machinery for precise measurement of multi-segment combined cold excavation of red sandstone and a cold excavation efficiency monitoring platform are developed to save on-site construction time and costs.

[0018] By using smart chips and sensors, the on-site construction machinery is modified to be intelligent. Based on backfill quality data such as maximum particle size, loose backfill thickness, compaction trajectory, moisture content, and compaction density, an intelligent backfill quality monitoring method is proposed, and a mechanized and intelligent real-time detection device is formed.

[0019] Through meticulous indoor experiments, combined with acoustic emission technology, constitutive models and parameters of unsaturated red sandstone weathered soil and soil-water characteristic curves were obtained. A constitutive model of unsaturated red sandstone weathered soil considering particle breakage characteristics and water retention characteristics and its numerical simulation calculation program were developed. Based on the actual working conditions on site, stability analysis of red sandstone weathered soil slopes was carried out.

[0020] By integrating cold excavation construction data, backfill quality and construction data, and constitutive programs for unsaturated weathered soil, a digital stratigraphic structure and parameter model for red sandstone is developed, forming a highly efficient integrated management platform for red sandstone subgrade construction technology, providing practical reference and big data models for intelligent construction of red sandstone subgrade. Attached Figure Description

[0021] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the excavator body of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the excavator bucket structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a main sectional view of the bucket structure of the present invention; Figure 4 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged schematic diagram of a portion of the structure at point A; Figure 5 For the present invention Figure 3 Enlarged schematic diagram of the structure at point B in the middle; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the main body of the road roller according to the present invention; Figure 7 This is a partial sectional view of the flat shovel box and conveying pipe of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a side sectional view of the flat shovel box and conveying pipe of the present invention; Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 8 Enlarged view of the structure at point C; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the material feeding box of the present invention; Figure 11 This is a main sectional view of the external feeding box of the present invention. Figure 12 For the present invention Figure 11 A magnified schematic diagram of the structure at point D.

[0022] The components include: 1. Excavator body; 11. Bucket; 111. Grab; 112. Water immersion disintegration sensor; 113. Fault tolerance cavity; 114. Weighing plate; 115. L-shaped groove; 116. L-shaped block; 117. Weighing sensor; 118. Spring; 12. Tilt sensor; 13. LiDAR; 14. Camera; 15. RTX real-time positioning system; 16. Pressure sensor; 2. Road roller body; 21. Pressure roller; 22. Positioning directional antenna; 23. Positioning terminal; 24. Compaction degree acquisition instrument; 25. Compaction degree sensor; 26. Upper support; 27. Hydraulic rod; 28. Leveling shovel box; 281. Outer slope; 282. Inner slope; 283. Filter screen; 284. Conveying pipe; 285. 286. Discharge pipe; 287. Three-head support; 288. Crushing motor; 289. Crushing shaft; 280. Crushing disc; 2810. Distributor port; 2811. Lower support; 2812. Steering motor; 2813. Open cylinder; 2814. Middle discharge pipe; 2815. Discharge motor; 2816. Discharge auger; 29. ​​Feed box; 291. U-shaped frame; 292. Remote sensing road condition sensor; 293. Rotating shaft; 294. Rotating pipe; 295. External feed box; 296. Left electric telescopic rod; 297. Right electric telescopic rod; 298. Side support; 299. Left feed motor; 2910. Right feed motor; 2911. Left auger; 2912. Right auger; 2913. Support frame. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. The terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Furthermore, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal communication of two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention based on the specific circumstances.

[0024] Please see Figures 1-12This invention provides a technical solution: an intelligent backfilling and compaction device for red sandstone roadbed, including an excavator body 1 and a road roller body 2. A bucket 11 is installed on the boom of the excavator body 1, and a metering component is installed inside the bucket 11. A pressure roller 21 is installed on the inner side of the front boom of the road roller body 2. An upper support 26 is fixed at the front end of the front boom of the road roller body 2. A hydraulic rod 27 is hinged on the upper support 26. A leveling shovel box 28 is rotatably mounted at the bottom end of the upper support 26. The bottom end of the hydraulic rod 27 is hinged to the leveling shovel box 28, and a leveling and screening component is installed inside the leveling shovel box 28. A discharge box 29 is fixed at the bottom of the front boom of the road roller body 2, and a discharge and leveling component is installed inside the discharge box 29. The leveling shovel box 28, the discharge box 29, and the pressure roller 21 are arranged from front to back. Tilt sensors 12 are installed at the pivot pins of the boom and arm of the excavator body 1. A lidar 13, a camera 14, an RTX real-time positioning system 15 and a pressure sensor 16 are installed on the body of the excavator body 1. A positioning directional antenna 22, a positioning terminal 23 and a compaction degree acquisition instrument 24 are installed on the body of the road roller body 2. A compaction degree sensor 25 is installed on the roller 21. The metering assembly includes a grab 111, which is installed at the port of the bucket 11. A water immersion disintegration sensor 112 is mounted on the grab 111. A fault-tolerant cavity 113 is formed inside the bucket 111, and a weighing plate 114 of the same shape as the bucket 11 is installed inside the fault-tolerant cavity 113. An L-shaped groove 115 is formed inside the fault-tolerant cavity 113, and an L-shaped block 116 slides within the L-shaped groove 115. The L-shaped block 116 is welded and fixed to the weighing plate 114. A weighing sensor 117 is installed inside the fault-tolerant cavity 113, and a spring 118 is fitted around the outside of the weighing sensor 117. The two ends of the spring 118 are fixedly connected to the bucket 11 and the weighing plate 114, respectively. The weighing plate 114 inside the bucket 11 can detect in real time the amount of soil excavated by the bucket 11 each time it excavates red sandstone. The system measures the volume of excavated red sandstone and transmits the data in real time to the controller in the monitoring center. This enables precise monitoring of the excavated volume of red sandstone. After the bucket 11 dumps the material, the spring 118 drives the weighing plate 114 to reset so that the bucket 11 can weigh the excavated material again. When using 3D laser scanning to measure the excavated volume of red sandstone blocks, the shape of the excavated rock blocks is often an irregular curved surface, and conventional volume estimation is often not accurate enough. In order to accurately estimate the volume of red sandstone blocks and realize real-time measurement and monitoring of excavation volume, the corresponding technical applications and volume algorithms are very important. Compared with traditional methods, 3D laser scanning technology can achieve all-round measurement of points, lines, and surfaces, can remotely and non-contactly collect data, has a fast measurement speed, is simple to operate, and has a reasonable volume model algorithm. This will effectively improve the accuracy of real-time measurements. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct on-site excavation and sampling in the early stages to distinguish between block and non-block structures, carry out three-dimensional scanning static measurements, and apply different volumetric algorithms to conduct on-site surveys of the red sandstone roadbed construction section. This will help understand the scanning range, environment, and obstructions, determine the sampling interval, number of stations, and scanning route, and obtain better red sandstone point cloud data. After comprehensively considering the scanning range and obstruction situation, the scanner stations are selected. The stations should acquire as complete surface point clouds as possible. Based on the station locations, the target positions and layout methods are selected, and the important parameters that the scanner needs to scan are determined: scanning angle, sampling point spacing, camera parameters, point cloud generation and denoising, point cloud stitching, data simplification, feature extraction, and different algorithms are tested. To calculate the volume of red sandstone blocks and determine the optimal algorithm, a perception algorithm for cold excavation of red sandstone roadbeds was developed based on computer vision and deep learning, relying on multi-source sensor data. This algorithm enables real-time measurement of block volume, controls the morphology of the red sandstone surface after excavation, and avoids subsequent slope repairs caused by over-excavation or under-excavation. Modeling is based on scanned data, which is directly updated in real-time on a digital platform to determine the optimal excavation block volume for the red sandstone blocks. This data is then fed back to the nodes of the multi-stage, multi-combination excavation and rock-breaking construction using bulldozers, allowing for the adjustment of mechanical construction parameters and forming an intelligent construction closed loop. This improves construction efficiency and effectiveness. The real-time measurement system measures the volume of cold excavated red sandstone on-site, at fixed points, and monitors the data. Data is transmitted to the cloud system via sensors for processing.Point cloud information from red sandstone excavation is divided into block and non-block components, which are monitored separately. The results are then superimposed. Based on feedback from the cloud platform, the real-time efficiency monitoring platform, during the monitoring of cold excavation of red sandstone, optimizes the excavation volume data. Combined with on-site 3D laser scanning monitoring, the volume of a single excavation is determined. A real-time measurement system for 3D laser scanning is developed, and on-site excavation efficiency data for different mechanical combinations is calculated and collected. The real-time measurement system is further optimized to achieve real-time measurement and efficiency monitoring of cold excavation of red sandstone, thereby improving the construction period and cost of red sandstone roadbed excavation and providing guidance for similar red sandstone road construction. The cold excavation process provides an intelligent monitoring platform. The disintegration of red sandstone upon contact with water is a significant cause of roadbed instability. Therefore, the disintegration resistance of red sandstone is a crucial engineering indicator for its use as a filling material, greatly impacting the long-term stability of the roadbed. Disintegration resistance tests were conducted using indoor disintegration testing equipment. The rock samples used in the tests were all natural red sandstone excavated from the roadbed construction section. The rock blocks were cut into spherical shapes for the disintegration resistance test, and the test results were recorded, observing the disintegration material. This test consisted of 8 groups, with 10 red sandstone spherical samples in each group. To reduce random errors, each group of red sandstone spheres was taken from 5 different rock blocks and compared according to mass.

[0025] In this embodiment, controllers are installed on the bodies of both the excavator body 1 and the road roller body 2. The tilt sensor 12, lidar 13, camera 14, RTX real-time positioning system 15, pressure sensor 16, water immersion disintegration sensor 112 and weighing sensor 117 are respectively connected to the controller on the body of the excavator body 1. The positioning directional antenna 22, positioning terminal 23, compaction degree acquisition instrument 24, compaction degree sensor 25 and hydraulic cylinder connected to the hydraulic rod 27 are respectively connected to the controller on the body of the road roller body 2. Specifically, the controller on the roller body 2 allows for control of tilt sensor 12, lidar 13, camera 14, RTX real-time positioning system 15, pressure sensor 16, water immersion disintegration sensor 112, and weighing sensor 117, all connected to the controller on the excavator body 1. Positioning directional antenna 22, positioning terminal 23, compaction degree acquisition instrument 24, compaction degree sensor 25, and hydraulic cylinders connected to hydraulic rods 27 work individually or collaboratively. The compaction degree detection value of the intelligent compaction system for red sandstone considers the interaction between the roller's vibrating rollers and the roadbed fill material, i.e., it uses the stiffness method. Roadbed compaction is a process of energy transfer between the steel wheel of a road roller and the roadbed. Compaction work and degree of compaction are positively correlated. The degree of compaction can be calculated by the compaction work per unit volume. With the help of an intelligent compaction system, parameters such as the road roller's running trajectory, speed, and frequency are collected via GPS. Based on these parameters, data such as optimal moisture content, maximum dry density, and degree of disintegration are obtained by integrating indoor tests. The parameters are uploaded to a server, and a specific algorithm is used to calculate the intelligent degree of compaction, namely the ICMV-F value. The compaction quality is evaluated based on the real-time ICMV-F value, and the areas that meet the compaction standards and those that do not are distinguished by color on the running trajectory.

[0026] In this embodiment, the weighing plate 114 is slidably connected to the bucket 11 via an L-shaped groove 115 and an L-shaped block 116; Specifically, such as Figure 3 As shown, after the bucket 11 digs out the material, the opening of the bucket 11 is vertically upward through the coordinated operation of the boom and arm of the excavator body 1, preventing the material inside the bucket 11 from scattering. At the same time, the weighing plate 114 is displaced downward, and the L-shaped groove 115 and L-shaped block 116 can limit the weighing plate 114. When the weighing plate 114 is displaced downward, pressure is applied to the weighing sensor 117. The weighing sensor 117 and the spring 118 are deformed. The weighing sensor 117 can weigh the material dug out in the bucket 11 and transmit the result to the controller so that the total amount of material dug out by the bucket 11 can be calculated later.

[0027] In this embodiment, the leveling and screening component includes an outer inclined surface 281 and an inner inclined surface 282. The outer inclined surface 281 is located at the port of the leveling shovel box 28, and the inner inclined surface 282 is located on the bottom surface inside the box of the leveling shovel box 28. The angle between the outer inclined surface 281 and the inner inclined surface 282 is an obtuse angle. A filter screen 283 is installed at the junction of the inner inclined surface 282 and the outer inclined surface 281. The filter screen 283 is located above the inner inclined surface 282 and has a gap with it. A conveying pipe 284 is fixed in the middle of the port of the inner inclined surface 282. A discharge pipe 285 is fixed on the conveying pipe 284. A three-head bracket 286 is fixed inside both the conveying pipe 284 and the discharge pipe 285. A crushing motor 287 is installed on the three-head bracket 286. A crushing shaft 288 is fixed at the output end of the crushing motor 287. A powder is fixed on the crushing shaft 288. The gap between the fragment 289, the conveying pipe 284 and the inner inclined surface 282 forms a material distribution port 2810. The bottom of the leveling shovel box 28 is fixed with a lower support 2811. A steering motor 2812 is installed on the lower support 2811. An open cylinder 2813 with an upper opening is fixed at the output end of the steering motor 2812. The open cylinder 2813 is located below the material distribution port 2810. A middle discharge pipe 2814 is fixed on the open cylinder 2813. A discharge motor 2815 is installed on the outside of the open cylinder 2813. A discharge auger 2816 is fixed at the output end of the discharge motor 2815. The other end of the discharge auger 2816 is rotatably connected to the middle discharge pipe 2814 through a support rod. The crushing motor 287, the steering motor 2812 and the discharge motor 2815 are respectively connected to the controller on the body of the road roller 2. Specifically, the leveling shovel box 28 shovels excess material from the roadbed onto the filter screen 283. Small-volume materials are filtered by the filter screen 283 onto the inner inclined surface 282 and roll into the open cylinder 2813 and the middle discharge pipe 2814 for storage. When the discharge auger 2816 is not rotating, the material will not be discharged from the middle discharge pipe 2814, while large-volume materials enter the conveying pipe 284 and are crushed by the crushing disc 289 into materials with a volume similar to that of the small-volume materials.

[0028] In this embodiment, the inner inclined surface 282 is inclined toward the open cylinder 2813, the filter screen 283 is inclined toward the conveying pipe 284, and the side of the filter screen 283 near the conveying pipe 284 is arc-shaped, and the arc-shaped filter screen 283 is connected to the cylindrical cavity inside the conveying pipe 284. Specifically, the inner inclined surface 282 can transport small-volume materials from the feed inlet 2810 to the open cylinder 2813 for storage. When the vibratory roller body 2 is working, it can drive the filter screen 283 to vibrate. The filter screen 283 can transport large-volume materials to the conveying pipe 284 so that the crushing plate 289 can crush the large-volume materials for easy filling of road potholes later.

[0029] In this embodiment, the conveying pipe 284 is inclined to the side of the feeding box 29, the included angle between the conveying pipe 284 and the flat shovel box 28 is an obtuse angle, the inner bottom surface of the open cylinder 2813 is an inclined surface, and the inclined surface is inclined to the side of the middle feeding pipe 2814. Specifically, the conveying pipe 284 is inclined to the side of the discharge box 29 so that the crushed material inside the conveying pipe 284 can slide into the external discharge box 295. The bottom surface of the open cylinder 2813 is inclined so that the material accumulated inside the open cylinder 2813 can move towards the middle discharge pipe 2814 so that the discharge auger 2816 can discharge the material.

[0030] In this embodiment, the material feeding and leveling assembly includes a U-shaped frame 291, which is fixed to the bottom of the material feeding box 29. A remote-sensing road condition sensor 292 is installed on the U-shaped frame 291. A rotating shaft 293 and a rotating tube 294 are rotatably mounted on the material feeding box 29 via bearings. An external material feeding box 295 is fixed between the rotating shaft 293 and the rotating tube 294, and the external material feeding box 295 is rotatably connected to the material feeding box 29 via the rotating shaft 293 and the rotating tube 294. A left electric telescopic rod 296 is hinged to the left end of the external material feeding box 295, and a right electric telescopic rod 297 is hinged to the right end. The top ends of the left electric telescopic rod 296 and the right electric telescopic rod 297 are respectively hinged to the left and right ends of the material feeding box 29. Both sides of the external material feeding box 295 are... A side bracket 298 is fixed, a left feeding motor 299 is installed on the left side bracket 298, and a right feeding motor 2910 is installed on the right side bracket 298. A left auger 2911 is fixed to the output end of the left feeding motor 299, and a right auger 2912 is fixed to the output end of the right feeding motor 2910. A support frame 2913 is fixed inside the external feeding box 295, and the inner end of the left auger 2911 and the inner end of the right auger 2912 are rotatably connected to the support frame 2913 through bearings. A remote sensing road condition sensor 292, a left electric telescopic rod 296, a right electric telescopic rod 297, a left feeding motor 299, and a right feeding motor 2910 are respectively connected to the controller on the body of the road roller 2. Specifically, the left electric telescopic rod 296 and the right electric telescopic rod 297 can drive the external feeding box 295 to tilt and rotate around the rotating shaft 293. When the external feeding box 295 rotates, the position of the two ends of the external feeding box 295 can be adjusted. When the left end of the external feeding box 295 tilts up and the right end tilts down, the right end of the external feeding box 295 can be deflected inward. When the right end of the external feeding box 295 tilts up and the left end tilts down, the left end of the external feeding box 295 can be deflected inward. Therefore, the position of the two ends of the external feeding box 295 can be adjusted. When the left auger 2911 and the right auger 2912 rotate, the material stored inside the external feeding box 295 can be discharged to fill the potholes on the outside of the road surface.

[0031] In this embodiment, the spiral direction of the left auger 2911 is opposite to that of the right auger 2912; Specifically, when the left auger 2911 and the right auger 2912 rotate in opposite directions, both ends of the external feed box 295 can discharge material simultaneously. When the left auger 2911 and the right auger 2912 rotate in the same direction, one end of the external feed box 295 can discharge material independently.

[0032] In this embodiment, the two ends of the external feeding box 295 are located on the left and right sides of the middle feeding pipe 2814, the discharge round pipe 285 is inserted into the inside of the rotating pipe 294, and the inner diameter of the rotating pipe 294 is larger than the outer diameter of the discharge round pipe 285. Specifically, when the hydraulic rod 27 drives the front end of the leveling shovel box 28 to move up and down, that is, when the leveling shovel box 28 rotates, the leveling shovel box 28 can drive the conveying pipe 284 and the discharge pipe 285 to rotate, and the discharge pipe 285 moves inside the rotating pipe 294. At this time, the conveying pipe 284 and the discharge pipe 285 are still inclined towards the external feeding box 295, and the discharge pipe 285 is still inserted into the interior of the rotating pipe 294, so that the conveying pipe 284 passes through the discharge pipe 285 and the rotating pipe 294. The material can be conveyed to the middle of the external feeding box 295. When the left auger 2911 and the right auger 2912 rotate, the material poured into the middle of the external feeding box 295 can be conveyed outward. When the material moves to the port of the external feeding box 295, the left auger 2911 and the right auger 2912 stop rotating and can store the material inside the external feeding box 295. Therefore, when the left auger 2911 and the right auger 2912 stop rotating, the material inside the external feeding box 295 will not be discharged.

[0033] A method for using an intelligent backfilling and compaction device for red sandstone roadbed includes the following steps: The first step involves combining 3D laser scanning technology with wireless data transmission, data integration, and hardware modification to build a real-time measurement system for the volume of excavated blocks. This system analyzes the excavation efficiency under different mechanical combinations, studies the optimal combination mode, and enables real-time monitoring of excavation efficiency. The second step involves studying the backfilling and compaction process by intelligently modifying the on-site compaction machinery. This research focuses on the quality data of backfilling red sandstone weathered soil, including particle size, backfill thickness, and compaction degree. The goal is to develop a real-time monitoring system for multi-dimensional data on the quality of backfilling red sandstone weathered soil roadbed, replacing the traditional detection technology that relies on manual inspection and experience. This will create a mechanized and intelligent detection device and system. The third step is to conduct indoor tests on the weathered soil of the backfilled red sandstone roadbed, taking into account the water-holding characteristics and particle fragmentation characteristics, to obtain constitutive model parameters. Based on the ABAQUS platform, an unsaturated constitutive model of the weathered red sandstone soil is developed to carry out slope stability analysis. The fourth step is to integrate the real-time monitoring system for cold excavation and backfilling of red sandstone subgrade, the constitutive data of red sandstone subgrade soil, the full life cycle construction data and unsaturated constitutive model, and establish a three-dimensional digital structure and parameter model platform for red sandstone subgrade to guide subsequent red sandstone subgrade construction practices.

[0034] The working principle and usage process of this invention are as follows: By intelligently modifying the excavator body 1, a three-dimensional LiDAR 13 is used for scanning, a low-cost RTX real-time positioning system 15 is employed, along with tilt sensors 12 and pressure sensors 16. This also guides the modification of the bulldozer in the early stages. For excavators with plow hooks, the three-dimensional LiDAR 13 is also applied for scanning to control rock drilling nodes and excavator construction parameters, thereby controlling the excavated block to the optimal excavation volume. This assists in manual rock breaking control, effectively avoiding over-excavation or under-excavation in a single operation, improving construction safety and efficiency. Furthermore, during the excavation of red sandstone soil, the bucket 11 of the excavator body 1 uses a water immersion and disintegration sensor 112 on the grabber 111 to collect soil moisture, water content, and displacement in real time. Key data such as stress are transmitted wirelessly to the controller in the monitoring center in real time, providing real-time data to help engineers and researchers understand the behavior of red sandstone under different conditions, especially changes under water immersion. The weighing plate 114 inside the bucket 11 can detect the amount of red sandstone excavated each time and transmit the data to the controller in the monitoring center in real time, enabling precise monitoring of the excavated red sandstone volume. Furthermore, by intelligently modifying the XS223J vibratory roller body 2, through the deployment of equipment such as the positioning directional antenna 22, satellite positioning terminal 23, compaction degree acquisition instrument 24, and compaction degree sensor 25, real-time compaction degree monitoring is achieved. The tested road roller, the roller body 2, compacts the red sandstone subgrade via the pressure roller 21 during its movement. As the roller body 2 moves forward, driving the leveling shovel box 28 and the discharge box 29, the hydraulic rod 27 adjusts the height of the front end of the leveling shovel box 28. The outer inclined surface 281 at the port of the leveling shovel box 28 shovels excess material from the red sandstone subgrade onto the filter screen 283. The vibratory roller body 2 drives the filter screen 283 to vibrate, causing the material to roll backward on the filter screen 283. Smaller particles are screened by the filter screen 283 and fall onto the inner inclined surface 282, rolling backward and falling through the distribution port 2810 into the open cylinder 2813. Larger particles continue to roll backward on the filter screen 283. The material rolls and enters the conveying pipe 284. At this point, the excess material on the roadbed is classified according to particle size. Larger particles enter the conveying pipe 284, and the crushing motor 287, through the crushing shaft 288, drives the crushing blades 289 to rotate, crushing the material in the conveying pipe 284 into particles similar in size to the smaller particles. The crushed material is then conveyed through the discharge pipe 285 and the rotating pipe 294 to the external discharge box 295 for storage. Smaller particles are stored in the open cylinder 2813 and the central discharge pipe 2814. During the movement of the road roller body 2, a non-contact remote sensing road condition sensor 292 can visually detect road unevenness based on spectral analysis or microwave remote sensing technology. This sensor has a built-in emission light source.Solid-state light sources, such as laser diodes or light-emitting diodes, are typically used to emit monochromatic light of a single wavelength. After being focused by a lens, these rays of light illuminate the road surface at a certain angle. Due to differences in road material and condition, the intensity and spectral characteristics of the reflected light will vary, thus enabling real-time monitoring of road unevenness and transmitting the data to the controller in the computing center. When the remote-sensing road condition sensor 292 detects a depression in the middle of the road surface, the controller activates the servo steering motor 2812, which rotates the open cylinder 2813. The open cylinder 2813 rotates the port of the central discharge pipe 2814 above the depression. Simultaneously, the servo discharge motor 2815 activates, rotating the discharge auger 2816. The discharge auger 2816 discharges the material stored inside the open cylinder 2813 and the central discharge pipe 2814 into the depression. The pressure roller 21 compacts the material poured into the depression. Similarly, when the remote-sensing road condition sensor 292 detects a depression on the outside of the road surface, it activates the servo left discharge motor 299 and the right discharge motor 2910, which rotate the left discharge motor... Motor 299 drives the left auger 2911 to rotate, and the right feeding motor 2910 drives the right auger 2912 to rotate. When the left auger 2911 rotates clockwise and the right auger 2912 rotates counterclockwise, that is, when the left auger 2911 and the right auger 2912 rotate in opposite directions, both ends of the external feeding box 295 can discharge material simultaneously. When the left auger 2911 and the right auger 2912 rotate in the same direction, one end of the external feeding box 295 can discharge material alone, and this is achieved through the left electric telescopic rod 296 and the right... The electric telescopic rod 297 can drive the external feeding box 295 to rotate and tilt around the rotating shaft 293, thereby adjusting the position of the port of the external feeding box 295 outwards or inwards. This allows the material inside the external feeding box 295 to be accurately poured into the depressions outside the roadbed. When the pressure roller 21 passes over it, it can compact the material poured into the depressions, thus making reasonable use of excess material on the roadbed. It can intelligently fill the depressions in the roadbed without the need for subsequent manual patching, improving the construction efficiency of red sandstone roadbeds.

[0035] Although embodiments of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An intelligent backfilling and compaction device for red sandstone roadbed, comprising an excavator body (1) and a road roller body (2), characterized in that: The excavator body (1) is equipped with a bucket (11) on its boom, and a metering component is installed inside the bucket (11). The roller body (2) is equipped with a pressure roller (21) on the inner side of its front boom. The roller body (2) is equipped with an upper support (26) fixed at the front end of its front boom. A hydraulic rod (27) is hinged on the upper support (26). A leveling shovel box (28) is rotated at the bottom of the upper support (26). The bottom end of the hydraulic rod (27) is hinged to the leveling shovel box (28). A leveling screening component is installed inside the leveling shovel box (28). A discharge box (29) is fixed at the bottom of the front boom of the roller body (2). A discharge filling component is installed inside the discharge box (29). The leveling shovel box (28), the discharge box (29), and the pressure roller (21) are arranged from front to back. Tilt sensors (12) are installed at the pivot pins of the boom and arm of the excavator body (1). A lidar (13), a camera (14), an RTX real-time positioning system (15), and a pressure sensor (16) are installed on the body of the excavator body (1). A positioning directional antenna (22), a positioning terminal (23), and a compaction degree acquisition instrument (24) are installed on the body of the road roller body (2). A compaction degree sensor (25) is installed on the roller (21). The metering component includes a grab (111), which is installed at the port of the bucket (11). A water immersion disintegration sensor (112) is installed on the grab (111). A fault-tolerant cavity (113) is provided inside the bucket (11). A weighing plate (114) with the same shape as the bucket (11) is provided inside the fault-tolerant cavity (113). An L-shaped groove (115) is provided inside the fault-tolerant cavity (113). An L-shaped block (116) slides in the L-shaped groove (115). The L-shaped block (116) is welded and fixed to the weighing plate (114). A weighing sensor (117) is installed inside the fault-tolerant cavity (113). A spring (18) is sleeved on the outside of the weighing sensor (117). The two ends of the spring (18) are fixedly connected to the bucket (11) and the weighing plate (114) respectively.

2. The intelligent backfilling and compaction device for red sandstone roadbed according to claim 1, characterized in that: Both the excavator body (1) and the road roller body (2) are equipped with controllers. The tilt sensor (12), lidar (13), camera (14), RTX real-time positioning system (15), pressure sensor (16), water immersion disintegration sensor (112) and weighing sensor (117) are connected to the controller on the excavator body (1). The positioning directional antenna (22), positioning terminal (23), compaction acquisition instrument (24), compaction sensor (25) and hydraulic cylinder connected to the hydraulic rod (27) are connected to the controller on the road roller body (2).

3. The intelligent backfilling and compaction device for red sandstone roadbed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The weighing plate (114) is slidably connected to the bucket (11) through an L-shaped groove (115) and an L-shaped block (116).

4. The intelligent backfilling and compaction device for red sandstone roadbed according to claim 1, characterized in that: The leveling and screening component includes an outer inclined surface (281) and an inner inclined surface (282). The outer inclined surface (281) is located at the port of the leveling shovel box (28), and the inner inclined surface (282) is located on the bottom surface inside the leveling shovel box (28). The angle between the outer inclined surface (281) and the inner inclined surface (282) is an obtuse angle. A filter screen (283) is installed at the junction of the inner inclined surface (282) and the outer inclined surface (281). The filter screen (283) is located above the inner inclined surface (282) and is adjacent to the inner inclined surface. A gap is left between (282). A conveying pipe (284) is fixed in the middle of the port of the inner inclined surface (282). A discharge pipe (285) is fixed on the conveying pipe (284). A three-head bracket (286) is fixed inside both the conveying pipe (284) and the discharge pipe (285). A crushing motor (287) is installed on the three-head bracket (286). A crushing shaft (288) is fixed at the output end of the crushing motor (287). A powder is fixed on the crushing shaft (288). Fragments (289), the gap between the conveying pipe (284) and the inner inclined surface (282) forms a material distribution port (2810), the bottom of the leveling shovel box (28) is fixed with a lower support (2811), a steering motor (2812) is installed on the lower support (2811), the output end of the steering motor (2812) is fixed with an open cylinder (2813) with an upper opening, and the open cylinder (2813) is located below the material distribution port (2810), the open cylinder (2813) The central feed pipe (2814) is fixed on the top of the open cylinder (2813). The discharge motor (2815) is installed on the outside of the open cylinder (2813). The output end of the discharge motor (2815) is fixed with a discharge auger (2816), and the other end of the discharge auger (2816) is rotatably connected to the central feed pipe (2814) through a support rod. The crushing motor (287), the steering motor (2812) and the discharge motor (2815) are respectively connected to the controller on the body of the road roller (2).

5. The intelligent backfilling and compaction device for red sandstone roadbed according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner inclined surface (282) is inclined toward the open cylinder (2813), the filter screen (283) is inclined toward the conveying pipe (284), and the side of the filter screen (283) near the conveying pipe (284) is arc-shaped. The arc-shaped filter screen (283) is connected to the cylindrical cavity inside the conveying pipe (284).

6. The intelligent backfilling and compaction device for red sandstone roadbed according to claim 4, characterized in that: The conveying pipe (284) is inclined to the side of the feeding box (29), and the angle between the conveying pipe (284) and the flat shovel box (28) is an obtuse angle. The bottom surface of the open cylinder (2813) is an inclined surface, and the inclined surface is inclined to the side of the middle feeding pipe (2814).

7. The intelligent backfilling and compaction device for red sandstone roadbed according to claim 4, characterized in that: The material feeding and leveling assembly includes a U-shaped frame (291), which is fixed to the bottom of the material feeding box (29). A remote-sensing road condition sensor (292) is installed on the U-shaped frame (291). A rotating shaft (293) and a rotating tube (294) are respectively rotatable on the material feeding box (29) via bearings. An external material feeding box (295) is fixed between the rotating shaft (293) and the rotating tube (294), and the external material feeding box (295) is rotatably connected to the material feeding box (29) via the rotating shaft (293) and the rotating tube (294). A left electric telescopic rod (296) is hinged to the left end of the external material feeding box (295), and a right electric telescopic rod (297) is hinged to the right end. The top ends of the left electric telescopic rod (296) and the right electric telescopic rod (297) are respectively hinged to the left and right ends of the material feeding box (29). Both sides of the external material feeding box (295) are... A side bracket (298) is fixed. A left feeding motor (299) is installed on the left side bracket (298), and a right feeding motor (2910) is installed on the right side bracket (298). A left auger (2911) is fixed to the output end of the left feeding motor (299), and a right auger (2912) is fixed to the output end of the right feeding motor (2910). A support frame (2913) is fixed inside the external feeding box (295). The inner end of the left auger (2911) and the inner end of the right auger (2912) are rotatably connected to the support frame (2913) through bearings. The remote sensing road condition sensor (292), the left electric telescopic rod (296), the right electric telescopic rod (297), the left feeding motor (299), and the right feeding motor (2910) are respectively connected to the controller on the body of the road roller (2).

8. The intelligent backfilling and compaction device for red sandstone roadbed according to claim 7, characterized in that: The spiral direction of the left auger (2911) is opposite to that of the right auger (2912).

9. The intelligent backfilling and compaction device for red sandstone roadbed according to claim 7, characterized in that: The two ends of the external feeding box (295) are located on the left and right sides of the middle feeding pipe (2814). The discharge round pipe (285) is inserted into the inside of the rotating pipe (294), and the inner diameter of the rotating pipe (294) is larger than the outer diameter of the discharge round pipe (285).

10. The method of using an intelligent backfilling and compaction device for red sandstone roadbed according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: The first step involves combining 3D laser scanning technology with wireless data transmission, data integration, and hardware modification to build a real-time measurement system for the volume of excavated blocks. This system analyzes the excavation efficiency under different mechanical combinations, studies the optimal combination mode, and enables real-time monitoring of excavation efficiency. The second step involves studying the backfilling and compaction process by intelligently modifying the on-site compaction machinery. This research focuses on the quality data of backfilling red sandstone weathered soil, including particle size, backfill thickness, and compaction degree. The goal is to develop a real-time monitoring system for multi-dimensional data on the quality of backfilling red sandstone weathered soil roadbed, replacing the traditional detection technology that relies on manual inspection and experience. This will create a mechanized and intelligent detection device and system. The third step is to conduct indoor tests on the weathered soil of the backfilled red sandstone roadbed, taking into account the water-holding characteristics and particle fragmentation characteristics, to obtain constitutive model parameters. Based on the ABAQUS platform, an unsaturated constitutive model of the weathered red sandstone soil is developed to carry out slope stability analysis. The fourth step is to integrate the real-time monitoring system for cold excavation and backfilling of red sandstone subgrade, the constitutive data of red sandstone subgrade soil, the full life cycle construction data and unsaturated constitutive model, and establish a three-dimensional digital structure and parameter model platform for red sandstone subgrade to guide subsequent red sandstone subgrade construction practices.

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