Refrigeration method and device

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of refrigeration, and particularly relates to a refrigeration method and device, according to the method, under the combined action of negative pressure, airflow and filler, water is vaporized in a vaporization pipe, in the vaporization process, the water absorbs vaporization heat to reduce the temperature so as to obtain cold energy, and the cold energy is used for manufacturing various refrigeration scenes, facilities or air conditioners. A compressor is not needed, existing various refrigerants such as chlorofluorocarbon, alkane and liquid ammonia are not needed, the refrigerating effect is good, the manufacturing process is simple, cost is low, efficiency is high, and use is safe, economical and environmentally friendly. The device is completely different from the prior art, the development direction of the refrigeration technology is thoroughly changed, and the device has far-reaching influences on the development of the world refrigeration technology, especially the development of the air conditioner industry.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of refrigeration technology, specifically relating to a refrigeration method and apparatus. Background Technology

[0002] It is generally believed that the development of refrigerants has gone through four generations. The first generation of refrigerants was characterized by their easy availability; most were common solvents and other volatile working fluids, such as rubber vulcanizates, diethyl ether, carbon dioxide (CO2), ammonia, and sulfur dioxide (SO2). Almost all first-generation refrigerants were toxic, flammable, highly corrosive, and unstable, easily causing accidents. The development of second-generation refrigerants opened the door to the artificial synthesis of refrigerants. In the 1930s, the advent of CFCs and HFCs led to their widespread application in the refrigerant industry and also spurred rapid development in refrigeration technology. These are all chlorofluorocarbons, and this generation of refrigerants was characterized by safety, stability, and high efficiency. In the 1970s, scientists discovered the enormous destructive effect of chlorine atoms in chlorohalogenated hydrocarbons on the ozone layer, drawing international attention to the atmospheric environment and prompting the control of the production and consumption of HFCs and HCFCs. The phasing out of HFCs and HCFCs spurred the emergence of third-generation refrigerants for ozone layer protection. These are chlorine-free hydrofluorocarbons, such as HFC-134a and HFC-125. These refrigerants are characterized by not damaging the ozone layer, being non-toxic, and having good stability. However, they do not fully meet the requirements for ideal refrigerants in terms of ODP, GWP, flammability, and toxicity, and they are difficult to match the thermodynamic performance of older CFCs or HCFCs. The fourth-generation refrigerants were proposed to address environmental problems and climate change, prohibiting the use and emissions of hydrofluorocarbons with a greenhouse effect potential greater than 150.

[0003] However, so far, no green refrigerant developed has a pure working medium fluid that can fully meet the requirements of an ideal refrigerant. This has prompted people to pay attention to and study the use of environmentally friendly mixed working fluids to replace existing refrigerants, and to conduct in-depth research on mixed working fluids.

[0004] Research progress on fourth-generation refrigerants In recent years, numerous research institutions and companies worldwide have been conducting research and evaluation on alternative refrigerants, achieving some significant results. Three promising alternative refrigerant routes have been proposed: the first is the development of unsaturated fluorinated olefins (HFOs); the second is the use of natural refrigerants; and the third is the development of mixed refrigerant systems. The advantages of unsaturated fluorinated olefins (HFOs) are a zero ODP value, low GWP, and non-toxicity. The disadvantages are that most are weakly flammable and currently relatively expensive. In terms of refrigeration performance, single-refrigerant HFOs have small volumetric cooling capacity and low coefficient of performance (COP). The thermal stability, material compatibility, and temperature glide of HFOs in application all need to be considered. Currently, the research focus on HFOs is mainly on tetrafluoropropylene (HFO-1234yf, HFO-1234ze), and it is only used in air conditioning systems replacing HFC-134a. Large-scale replacement of HCFC-22 requires the development of new refrigeration systems. HFO-1234yf, with the chemical formula CF3CF=CF2, exhibits good environmental performance as a refrigerant. It has an ODP value of 0, a low GWP value, low carbon emissions throughout its life cycle, low toxicity, and some controllable flammability. Its thermodynamic properties are similar to HFC-134a. However, compared to HCFC-123H and HFC-134a refrigeration systems, its energy efficiency is lower. HFO-1234yf has been applied to automotive air conditioners and most refrigeration systems currently using HFC-134a. HFO-1234ze, with the chemical formula CF3CH=CHF, also demonstrates good environmental performance as a refrigerant. It has an ODP value of 0, a low GWP value, very low toxicity, and is almost non-flammable.

[0005] Natural refrigerants Natural refrigerants with practical applications include ammonia (R717), carbon dioxide (R744), propane (HC-290), and butane (HC-600), among which alkane refrigerants (HCs) are widely used in freezers and household refrigerators. Liquid carbon dioxide (R744) has excellent environmental performance and is a research hotspot for fourth-generation refrigerant replacement technology. Due to the high saturated vapor pressure of CO2, refrigeration systems need to operate under high pressure conditions, requiring CO2 to undergo transcritical cycling. Compared with compressors using ordinary refrigerants, CO2 refrigeration systems have characteristics such as high operating pressure, large pressure differential, small pressure ratio, difficulty in controlling the clearance of moving parts, and more difficult lubrication. Therefore, compressor development is a major challenge restricting the development of CO2 refrigerant replacement technology.

[0006] Ammonia (R717) is widely used in refrigeration and industrial applications, and is highly efficient, with performance comparable to HCFC-22. However, due to its flammability, explosiveness, and toxicity, its use in building air conditioning is restricted. If the issues of sealing and explosion-proofing can be resolved, ammonia will be the best alternative to HCFC-22 in refrigeration and air conditioning systems.

[0007] Alkane (HC) refrigerants contain no fluorine or chlorine atoms, have an ODP of 0, a low GWP, are non-toxic, and have high theoretical refrigeration efficiency, exhibiting excellent environmental characteristics. Their main drawback is their strong flammability. Currently, the most widely used alkane refrigerants are propane and isobutane. Propane (HC-290), compared to HCFC-22, has an ODP of zero and a GWP of 20. In terms of refrigeration efficiency, HC-290's cycle mass flow rate is about 40% lower than HCFC-22H, and it has a smaller heat exchange temperature difference and a higher heat transfer coefficient. HC-290 has excellent performance and can be widely used in air conditioning, heat pumps, refrigeration, and other fields. Its only drawback is its flammability, requiring technical measures to ensure safe use. Research focuses on reducing system charge and improving safety. The widespread adoption of HC-290 may require an adaptation period in the short term, but its application prospects are very broad.

[0008] Isobutane (HC-600) has similar physical properties to HCFC-12 and has been used in refrigerators as a substitute for HCFC-12 and HCFC-123a refrigerants. However, HC-600a affects the viscosity and foaming properties of lubricating oil, hindering the formation of an oxide layer on the sintered iron surface of the friction pair, thus increasing bearing friction.

[0009] Mixed refrigerants Mixed refrigerants are made by mixing two or more pure refrigerants in a certain proportion. They are classified into azeotropic and non-azeotropic mixed refrigerants based on whether they exhibit azeotropic properties. As early as the third-generation refrigerant era, mixed refrigerants were already being used internationally as an alternative. A typical application example is R500 mixed refrigerant (CFC-12 / HFC-152a azeotropic refrigerant), a technology that began to be used in refrigerators and freezers in 1956, but was discontinued after 1990 due to its high ODP value. Current research on mixed refrigerants mainly focuses on HFC-based and HFO-based mixed refrigerants.

[0010] HFCs (Hybrid Refrigerants) HFC-based mixed refrigerants are currently the most researched and mature mixed refrigerants. DuPont and Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI) have developed over a dozen series of products, offering excellent cooling performance but with high GWP values. Commonly used mixed refrigerants include HFC-410A and HFC-407C. HFC-410A is a near-azeotropic binary mixture of HFC-32 and HFC-125, with a zero ODP value, exhibiting excellent heat transfer and flow characteristics. Because HFC-125 improves upon the flammability and high pressure of HFC-32, it is almost non-flammable and has a small temperature glide. However, its discharge pressure and volumetric cooling capacity are much higher than HCFC-22, making direct charging impossible. Using it requires redesigning the compressor and major components. In retrofitting existing systems, R407C is typically used. HFC-07C is a ternary mixture of HFC-2, HFC-25, and HFC-34a with an ODP value of zero. Its main advantages are its energy efficiency ratio and pressure ratio (the ratio of total compressor outlet pressure to total inlet pressure), which are close to HCFC-2, allowing for direct charging. Its main disadvantage is that its composition changes when the system leaks, affecting system maintenance and performance. HFC-07C's disadvantages include poor heat transfer characteristics and a high GWP value exceeding 1500, significantly impacting the greenhouse effect. my country's domestically developed HFC-52a / HCFC-22 mixed refrigerant features low greenhouse effect, energy saving, and high safety. Its biggest advantage is low technical modification costs; domestic companies can easily implement refrigeration equipment using the new refrigerant with minor modifications to existing production lines. However, it still contains HCFC-2 as its main component, resulting in a high ODP value. Due to the impact of its ODP value, it is gradually being replaced by environmentally friendly refrigerants. HFC-2 / HFC-34a are non-azeotropic refrigerant mixtures. During condensation or evaporation under isobaric conditions, their temperature glide occurs. At a mixture composition of 25:75 (molar ratio) and a pressure of 500 kPa, the bubble point temperature glide is 7.3°C; while at 2000 kPa, the dew point temperature glide is 5.8°C. This characteristic can be utilized for isothermal heat transfer. By correctly arranging the fluid flow within the evaporator and condenser pipes, the heat transfer temperature difference can be reduced, thereby improving heat transfer efficiency and cycle efficiency.

[0011] HFC-52a / HFC-25 is a near-azeotropic refrigerant mixture, and its vapor pressure profile is similar to that of HCFC-2. A drawback of HFC-152a is its flammability. Adding a certain amount of non-flammable HFC-125 can suppress its flammability. Although HFC-125 has a higher GWP value, HFC-152a's GWP value is approximately 0. When both are present in the mixture at an appropriate proportion, the mixture's GWP value will decrease to a satisfactory level. Due to greenhouse effect constraints, high-GWP HFC refrigerant mixtures can only be used as transitional or temporary alternatives.

[0012] HFOs mixed refrigerant HFO (Hydrogen-Organic) refrigerants are a new type of refrigerant developed to balance environmental protection and refrigeration performance. Currently, HFO refrigerants can be classified into binary, ternary, and multi-component refrigerants. Binary refrigerants mainly include: HFO-1234yf / HFC-32, HFO-1234yf / HFC1234a, HFO-1234ze / HFC-32, and HFO-1234ze / HFC1234a. Ternary refrigerants include: HFO-1234yf / HFC-32 / HFC1234a and HFO-1234ze / HFC-32 / HFC134a.

[0013] In conclusion, the issue of replacing HCFC-22 refrigerant has not been fully resolved. Natural refrigerants, especially R744 and HC-290, will be ideal refrigerants once mechanical issues such as compressor sealing are resolved. However, resolving these issues still requires time and continuous technological breakthroughs. Mixed refrigerants are a better option with broad development and application prospects.

[0014] HFC-based mixed refrigerants, due to their high GWP (Gross Potential Weapon Power) values, fall under one of the six categories of greenhouse gases listed in the Kyoto Protocol requiring emission reductions and can only be used as transitional refrigerants. Mixed refrigerants composed of HFOs and HFCs can reduce the flammability of HFOs, improve their refrigeration efficiency, and effectively lower the GWP value of HFCs, showing potential as alternative refrigerants. Furthermore, the flammability of HCs hinders their individual application, while mixed working media composed of HFCs and HCs can reduce the flammability of HCs and improve the poor miscibility of HFCs with mineral refrigeration oils. Moreover, the GWP value of the mixture is lower than that of HFCs alone, thus also possessing good substitution potential.

[0015] Currently, the refrigerants used in air conditioning both domestically and internationally are all chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Chlorine-containing refrigerants not only deplete the ozone layer but are also potent greenhouse gases. While more advanced fluorinated refrigerants are ozone-neutral, their gross vegetative-potential (GWP) values ​​remain high, making them strong greenhouse gases as well. In short, no refrigerant or refrigeration technology has yet been developed that meets both performance and environmental requirements. With the implementation of climate change treaties such as the Paris Agreement and the Kigali Agreement, the production and sale of various CFC refrigerants with high ODP and GWP values ​​will eventually be completely banned. Relatively environmentally friendly alkanes and liquid ammonia refrigerants also present many problems due to their flammability and other factors. Therefore, researching and finding refrigeration technologies that meet both cooling requirements and are environmentally safe is a pressing global challenge that requires long-term research. Summary of the Invention

[0016] The purpose of this invention is to provide a refrigeration method, which utilizes the combined action of negative pressure, airflow, and packing material to vaporize water and absorb heat, thereby lowering the temperature and obtaining cold energy; this invention also provides a refrigeration device for implementing the aforementioned refrigeration method.

[0017] The refrigeration method of the present invention includes a vaporization tube, in which water is vaporized under the combined action of negative pressure, airflow and packing. During the vaporization process, the water absorbs the heat of vaporization to lower its temperature and thus obtain cold energy for refrigeration.

[0018] in: Preferably, the vaporization pipe with cold energy is equipped with heat sinks and a fan for use in the manufacture of refrigeration facilities; or the vaporization pipe with cold energy is placed in an underground location for refrigeration; or the cold energy is exchanged for heat through a heat exchanger and then used in refrigeration facilities.

[0019] Preferably, installing heat sinks and a fan on the vaporization tube casing can be used to manufacture air conditioners, or the cold energy can be used to manufacture other refrigeration devices or facilities.

[0020] Preferably, the packing material is metal or non-metal, and the packing is filled in the vaporization tube; the vaporization tube material is metal or non-metal; the vaporization tube arrangement is single tube, double tube, multiple tubes connected in series or multiple tubes connected in parallel, the overall shape of the vaporization tube is a straight tube, spiral tube or serpentine tube, etc., and the vaporization tube is installed vertically, parallelly or inclined; the top of the vaporization tube is a cap structure or a planar structure, and the cross-sectional shape of the vaporization tube is circular or polygonal, including triangles, quadrilaterals, pentagons or hexagons, etc., with circular being preferred.

[0021] Preferably, the cross-sectional area of ​​the vaporization tube is 1-3000 square centimeters, more preferably 1-1500 square centimeters, and even more preferably 1-500 square centimeters; the wall thickness of the vaporization tube is 0.5-10 mm, preferably 0.5-8 mm, more preferably 0.5-5 mm, and most preferably 0.5-4 mm; the inner diameter of the vaporization tube is 5-1000 mm, preferably 5-500 mm, more preferably 5-200 mm, and most preferably 5-50 mm; the length of the vaporization tube is 100-50000 mm, preferably 100-30000 mm, more preferably 100-10000 mm, and most preferably 100-5000 mm.

[0022] The vaporization tube is made of materials such as copper, brass, stainless steel, glass, ceramic, quartz, aluminum alloy, bronze, titanium, engineering plastics, polyethylene, polypropylene, or epoxy resin, with stainless steel and copper being preferred, and copper being even more preferred.

[0023] Preferably, the packing material is bulk packing, structured packing, or filamentous packing; Bulk packing includes one or more of the following: Sita rings, rolled holes, Pall rings, Raschig rings, step rings, Taylor rings, environmentally friendly balls, multi-faceted hollow balls, high-flow rings, rectangular saddle rings, heterogeneous saddle rings, conjugate rings, snowflake rings, hollow floating balls, liquid surface covering balls, Hale rings, or barbed rings; preferably, the bulk packing is Sita rings, with a packing size of Φ1-10mm×1-10mm, preferably Φ1-6mm×1-6mm, more preferably Φ1.5-4.5mm×1.5-4.5mm, and most preferably Φ2-4mm×2-4mm; Structured fillers include one or more of the following: wire mesh corrugations, perforated mesh corrugations, perforated plate corrugations, or calendered perforated plate corrugations; Filament fillers include spherical, irregular mesh, and disordered metal or non-metal wires; The filler material can be metallic or non-metallic. Metallic materials include one or more of the following: stainless steel, duplex steel, titanium steel, copper, brass, aluminum, pure titanium, molybdenum titanium, Monel, Hastelloy, Inconel, copper-nickel alloy wire, or nickel alloy. Stainless steel grades include 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 310 / 310S, 321, or 2250 / 2507. Non-metallic materials include one or more of the following: glass, ceramic, carbon fiber, or special plastics. The specific surface area of ​​the packing is 100-5000 m². 2 / m 3 Preferred range: 100-4000m 2 / m 3 More preferably 100-3000m 2 / m 3 The optimal selection is 100-2000m. 2 / m 3 .

[0024] Preferably, the water is one or more of tap water, purified water, or deionized water; one or more of antifreeze, scale inhibitor, or wetting agent are added to the water; the antifreeze includes methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine, and the amount added is 0-40% of the water mass; the scale inhibitor includes one or more of sodium benzotriazole, phosphate, polyphosphoric acid, or sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and the amount added is 0-5% of the water mass; the wetting agent includes one or more of glycerol, phosphate esters, sulfonates, polyoxyethylene alkylphenol, polyoxyethylene ether, or fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, and the amount added is 0-5% of the water mass; The airflow includes one or more of air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, helium, or water vapor, or other inert gases; air is preferred; the negative pressure comes from a vacuum pump.

[0025] Preferably, the negative pressure in the refrigeration process is achieved by a vacuum pump, which is one or more of the following: dry screw vacuum pump, claw vacuum pump, dry scroll vacuum pump, Roots vacuum pump, turbine vacuum pump, water ring vacuum pump, piston vacuum pump, rotary vane vacuum pump, oil-free reciprocating vacuum pump, Roots vacuum pump, molecular vacuum pump, or compound vacuum pump, with a vacuum degree of 1-20000 Pa, preferably 1-10000 Pa, more preferably 1-5000 Pa, and most preferably 1-1000 Pa.

[0026] Preferably, the vaporization pipe is connected to the chilled water storage tank, the buffer tank, the water inlet pipe, and the air inlet pipe respectively; the chilled water storage tank is connected to the water storage tank; the buffer tank is connected to the vacuum pump and the water storage tank; the water storage tank is connected to the water pipe; and the chilled water storage tank and the heat exchanger form a circulation loop.

[0027] Preferably, the vaporization pipe consists of five pipes connected in series: vaporization pipe 1, vaporization pipe 2, vaporization pipe 3, vaporization pipe 4, and vaporization pipe 5 connected in series. Vaporization pipe 1 is connected to the chilled water storage tank. Vaporization pipes 4 and 5 are connected to air inlet pipe 1. Vaporization pipes 3 and 4 are connected to water inlet pipe 1. The chilled water storage tank is connected to water inlet pipe 2, air inlet pipe 2, and drain pipe, respectively. The water storage tank is connected to exhaust pipe, water pipe, and drain pipe. Water inlet pipe 1 and water inlet pipe 2 are both connected to drain pipe. The buffer tank is connected to the vacuum pump via a vacuum valve. The exhaust pipe of the vacuum pump is connected to the water storage tank via a cooler. The chilled water storage tank, circulating water pump, and heat exchanger form a circulation loop.

[0028] Preferably, both the water storage tank and the chilled water storage tank have square, circular, or elliptical cross-sections, are made of metal or non-metal, and have a volume of 0.005-10000 cubic meters. Both the water storage tank and the chilled water storage tank are equipped with automatic water level detectors to detect the water level height, and the electromagnetic valves are activated according to the water level to pump water into the water storage tank and the chilled water storage tank.

[0029] Preferably, the vaporized water vapor is discharged into the cooler through a vacuum pump. The cooler is filled with packing material. Under normal pressure, the water vapor is condensed into liquid after passing through the packing material and returned to the water storage tank for repeated use, forming a closed loop.

[0030] Preferably, the refrigeration method includes the following steps: S1. Evacuate the vacuum and adjust the airflow to a vacuum level of 1-20000Pa, preferably 1-10000Pa, more preferably 1-5000Pa; S2, Introduce water and airflow; S3. Under negative pressure, airflow and packing, water vaporizes and absorbs heat, the temperature of the entire system decreases, and the vaporized water is absorbed and reused through vacuum to obtain cold energy for refrigeration.

[0031] Preferably, the refrigeration method includes the following steps: S1. Evacuate the vacuum and adjust the airflow to a vacuum level of 1-20000Pa, preferably 1-10000Pa, more preferably 1-5000Pa; S2, Introduce water and airflow; S3. Under the action of negative pressure, airflow and packing, water is distributed to the surface of the chilled water storage tank and vaporization pipe. Water vaporizes and absorbs heat under the action of airflow, and the temperature of the entire system decreases. The vaporized water is discharged into the storage tank through the condenser by the vacuum pump and is absorbed and reused.

[0032] Preferably, a refrigeration device is obtained by the refrigeration method.

[0033] To prevent water from freezing, this invention allows the addition of antifreeze agents such as ethylene glycol. However, the likelihood of water freezing during summer use in air conditioning systems is actually very small because the water is circulated. For typical central air conditioning systems, the temperature of chilled water is generally between 5-15°C, so antifreeze is usually unnecessary. However, when using this invention to prepare other refrigeration facilities, such as those requiring temperatures below -5°C, adding antifreeze is necessary.

[0034] The materials and dimensions used in this invention are merely illustrative examples and should not be construed as limiting the invention. The core of this invention lies in the fact that water is vaporized and absorbs heat under the combined action of negative pressure, filler, and airflow, thereby lowering the temperature and obtaining cold energy.

[0035] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: Currently, existing technology obtains low-temperature chilled water by simply adding filler to the insulated vaporization tank to increase the vaporization rate of water. However, this invention further increases the vaporization rate of water by inputting airflow, shortening the time for the water temperature to drop from room temperature to -5°C to within 5 minutes, thus greatly improving the vaporization rate and refrigeration efficiency.

[0036] This invention utilizes the fundamental principle that water can vaporize under high vacuum conditions. Simultaneously, an airflow further enhances the vaporization rate. The design incorporates a vaporization tube and a chilled water storage tank. The vaporization tube is filled with packing material with a large specific surface area. Water is added from above into this relatively small-volume but high-surface-area, high-evaporation-area, and high-vaporization-capacity vaporization tube. Under negative pressure and airflow, the water rapidly vaporizes, absorbing the heat of vaporization and lowering the temperature of the vaporization tube, thus obtaining cooling energy. Therefore, a relatively small-volume vaporization tube is equivalent to a highly efficient refrigeration unit, capable of lowering the water temperature to below -15°C or even lower to obtain cooling energy for refrigeration. The method of this invention can be used to prepare novel air conditioners, central air conditioners, and other refrigeration devices that require no compressor or existing refrigerants such as fluorocarbons, alkanes, or liquid ammonia. This method is green, environmentally friendly, safe, convenient, and energy-saving.

[0037] This invention is based on the principle of rapidly vaporizing water to absorb heat and lower the system temperature under the combined action of negative pressure, vaporization pipe, packing material, and airflow, without providing heat. This water is used to prepare environmentally friendly, low-energy-consumption, safe, and stable refrigeration equipment, aiming to replace various existing refrigerants such as chlorofluorocarbons, alkanes, and liquid ammonia. Using this invention to produce air conditioners will eliminate the need for compressors, instead employing vacuum pumps. This is completely different from existing technologies, fundamentally changing the refrigeration technology roadmap, altering the development direction of the air conditioning industry, and having a significant impact on the global air conditioning industry.

[0038] This invention utilizes the property that water is rapidly vaporized and absorbs heat under the combined action of negative pressure, vaporization tube, packing material, and airflow. It designs a vaporization tube and related devices to enable water to rapidly vaporize in a small-volume, high-efficiency system. The rapid vaporization of water leads to rapid heat absorption, thereby lowering the water temperature and obtaining cold energy. The resulting energy can be used in various refrigeration devices.

[0039] As is well known, under the same conditions, the larger the evaporation area, the greater the evaporation amount. After introducing airflow, the evaporation rate increases further. It is foreseeable that significantly increasing the evaporation area in a small volume and small cross-sectional area can increase the evaporation amount. Therefore, this invention designs a refrigeration device that is filled with packing material. The larger the specific surface area of ​​the packing material, the larger the evaporation area. By adding packing material, the evaporation area of ​​water is increased, thereby increasing the evaporation amount per unit volume. Based on this design concept, a high-efficiency vaporization device with a volume of only tens of liters and a cross-sectional area of ​​less than 0.1 square meters is designed, but the evaporation area reaches the level of hundreds of square meters because of the packing material.

[0040] For example, a distillation vessel with a diameter of 1 meter, a height of 1.5 meters, and a volume of 2.36 cubic meters has an evaporation area of ​​only 0.785 square meters. In contrast, the insulated vaporizer designed in this invention has a diameter of 0.2 meters, a height of 0.3 meters, and a volume of less than 0.01 cubic meters. When filled with a packing material with a specific surface area of ​​3000 square meters per cubic meter, its evaporation area reaches 94 square meters. The evaporation area of ​​the 2.36-cubic-meter distillation vessel is 118 times that of the less than 0.01-cubic-meter insulated vaporizer. Furthermore, a typical distillation vessel with a diameter of 0.2 meters has an evaporation area of ​​only 0.031416 square meters, while the evaporation area of ​​the high-efficiency insulated vaporizer is 3000 times that of the conventional distillation vessel. Although the high-efficiency heat-insulating vaporizer has a small volume and cross-sectional area, it has a huge evaporation area. When the surface of each packing material is wetted with water, under high vacuum conditions, the water vaporizes on the surface of each packing material. Simultaneously, water evenly distributed across all the packing materials in the entire packing stack vaporizes, greatly increasing the amount of water vaporization. Since the environment does not provide heat of vaporization, the heat can only be obtained by lowering the water temperature, thus rapidly reducing the water temperature to obtain cooling energy. In short, when the environment does not provide heat energy, in a small space with a large evaporation area, water rapidly vaporizes under negative pressure, the packing material, and high-speed airflow, quickly reducing the temperature of the vaporization tube to obtain cooling energy—this is a key discovery of this invention.

[0041] In this invention, it is necessary to control the water addition rate to be similar to the water vaporization rate. If the water addition rate is too fast, the water will not have enough time to vaporize and will inevitably fill the spaces between the packing materials, or even form a water column. The water will have difficulty vaporizing on the surface of the packing materials, which will greatly reduce the effectiveness of the packing materials and affect the vaporization efficiency. Therefore, controlling the water addition rate is to distribute the water evenly on the surface of the packing materials as much as possible, wet the surface of the packing materials, and is very important for obtaining better vaporization efficiency.

[0042] The method of this invention can manufacture air conditioners, central air conditioners, or other refrigeration devices. It only requires water and a vacuum pump, without the need for a compressor, chlorofluorocarbon refrigerants, alkane refrigerants, or liquid ammonia. It is a completely environmentally friendly, safe, and energy-saving disruptive technology, which is of great significance for environmental protection and fulfilling the Paris Agreement and the Montreal Protocol. Attached Figure Description

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the device of the present invention; In the diagram: 1. Water storage tank; 2. Chilled water storage tank; 3. Buffer tank; 4. Vaporization pipe one; 5. Vaporization pipe two; 6. Vaporization pipe three; 7. Vaporization pipe four; 8. Vaporization pipe five; 9. Cooler; 10. Circulating water pump; 11. Vacuum pump; 12. Heat exchanger; 13. Water pipe; 14. Water drain pipe; 15. Water inlet pipe one; 16. Water inlet pipe two; 17. Air inlet pipe two; 18. Drainage pipe; 19. Air inlet pipe one; 20. Vacuum valve; 21. Exhaust pipe; 22. Automatic water level detector. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The present invention will now be described and illustrated in detail with reference to the embodiments.

[0045] Example 1 like Figure 1 As shown, the refrigeration method of the present invention includes a vaporization tube. Water in the vaporization tube is vaporized under the combined action of negative pressure, airflow and packing. During the vaporization process, the water absorbs the heat of vaporization to lower its temperature and thus obtain cold energy for refrigeration.

[0046] Preferably, the vaporization pipe with cold energy is equipped with heat sinks and a fan for use in the manufacture of refrigeration facilities; or the vaporization pipe with cold energy is placed in an underground location for refrigeration; or the cold energy is exchanged for heat through a heat exchanger and then used in refrigeration facilities.

[0047] Preferably, the packing material is metal or non-metal, and the packing is filled in the vaporization pipe; the vaporization pipe material is metal or non-metal; the vaporization pipe is arranged in a single pipe, double pipe, multiple pipes connected in series, or multiple pipes connected in parallel; the overall shape of the vaporization pipe is a straight pipe, a spiral pipe, or a serpentine pipe; the vaporization pipe is installed vertically, parallelly, or inclined; the cross-sectional shape of the vaporization pipe is circular or polygonal, and the polygonal includes one or more of triangles, quadrilaterals, pentagons, hexagons, heptagons, or octagons, with circular being preferred.

[0048] Preferably, the cross-sectional area of ​​the vaporization tube is 1-3000 square centimeters, more preferably 1-1500 square centimeters, and even more preferably 1-500 square centimeters; the wall thickness of the vaporization tube is 0.5-10 millimeters, preferably 0.5-8 millimeters, even more preferably 0.5-5 millimeters, and most preferably 0.5-4 millimeters. The diameter of the vaporization tube is 5-1000 millimeters, preferably 5-500 millimeters, even more preferably 5-200 millimeters, and most preferably 5-50 millimeters. The length of the vaporization tube is 100-50000 millimeters, preferably 100-30000 millimeters, even more preferably 100-10000 millimeters, and most preferably 100-5000 millimeters.

[0049] The vaporization tube can be made of materials such as copper, brass, stainless steel, glass, ceramic, quartz, aluminum alloy, bronze, titanium, engineering plastics, polyethylene, polypropylene, or epoxy resin, with stainless steel being the preferred material.

[0050] The bottom of the vaporization tube is equipped with a wire stainless steel mesh to prevent the packing from falling off, or a perforated stainless steel plate is installed. The shape of the holes is round, triangular, square or hexagonal, preferably round. The hole diameter is smaller than the packing diameter, which is 0.5-5 mm, preferably 0.5-4 mm, and more preferably 0.5-3.5 mm. The thickness of the perforated stainless steel plate at the bottom is 1-3 mm, preferably 1-2 mm.

[0051] Preferably, the packing material is bulk packing, structured packing, or filamentous packing; Bulk packing includes one or more of the following: Sita rings, rolled holes, Pall rings, Raschig rings, step rings, Taylor rings, environmentally friendly balls, multi-faceted hollow balls, high-flow rings, rectangular saddle rings, heterogeneous saddle rings, conjugate rings, snowflake rings, hollow floating balls, liquid surface covering balls, Hale rings, or barbed rings; preferably, the bulk packing is Sita rings, with a packing size of Φ1-10mm×1-10mm, preferably Φ1-6mm×1-6mm, more preferably Φ1.5-4.5mm×1.5-4.5mm, and most preferably Φ2-4mm×2-4mm; Structured fillers include one or more of the following: wire mesh corrugations, perforated mesh corrugations, perforated plate corrugations, or calendered perforated plate corrugations; Filament fillers include spherical, irregular mesh, and disordered metal or non-metal wires; The filler material can be metallic or non-metallic. Metallic materials include one or more of the following: stainless steel, duplex steel, titanium steel, aluminum, pure titanium, molybdenum titanium, Monel, Hastelloy, Inconel, copper-nickel alloy wire, or nickel alloy. Stainless steel grades include 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 310 / 310S, 321, or 2250 / 2507. Non-metallic materials include one or more of the following: glass, ceramic, carbon fiber, or special plastics. The specific surface area of ​​the packing is 100-5000 m². 2 / m 3 Preferred range: 100-4000m 2 / m 3 More preferably 100-3000m 2 / m 3 The optimal selection is 100-2000m. 2 / m 3 .

[0052] Preferably, the water is one or more of tap water, purified water, or deionized water; one or more of antifreeze, scale inhibitor, or wetting agent are added to the water; the antifreeze is methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, or triethanolamine, and the amount added is 0-40% of the water mass; the scale inhibitor is one or more of sodium benzotriazole, phosphate, polyphosphoric acid, or sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, and the amount added is 0-5% of the water mass; the wetting agent is one or more of glycerol, phosphate ester, sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkylphenol, polyoxyethylene ether, or fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, and the amount added is 0-5% of the water mass. The airflow is one or more of air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, helium, or water vapor; The negative pressure comes from vacuum pump 11.

[0053] Preferably, the vaporization pipe is connected to the chilled water storage tank 2, the buffer tank 3, the water inlet pipe, and the air inlet pipe respectively. The chilled water storage tank 2 is connected to the water storage tank 1. The buffer tank 3 is connected to the vacuum pump 11 and the water storage tank 1. The water storage tank 1 is connected to the water pipe 13. The chilled water storage tank 2 and the heat exchanger 12 form a circulation loop.

[0054] Preferably, the vaporization pipe is a series connection of five pipes, namely vaporization pipe 4, vaporization pipe 5, vaporization pipe 6, vaporization pipe 7, and vaporization pipe 8 connected in series; vaporization pipe 4 is connected to chilled water storage tank 2, vaporization pipe 7 and vaporization pipe 8 are connected to air inlet pipe 19, vaporization pipe 6 and vaporization pipe 7 are connected to water inlet pipe 15, chilled water storage tank 2 is connected to water inlet pipe 2 16, air inlet pipe 2 17, and drain pipe 18 respectively, water storage tank 1 is connected to exhaust pipe 21, water pipe 13, and drain pipe 14, and water inlet pipe 15 and water inlet pipe 2 16 are both connected to drain pipe 14; buffer tank 3 is connected to vacuum pump 11 through vacuum valve 20, and the exhaust pipe of vacuum pump 11 is connected to water storage tank 1 through cooler 9; chilled water storage tank 2 forms a circulation loop with circulating water pump 10 and heat exchanger 12.

[0055] Preferably, the buffer tank 3 is connected to the vacuum pump 11 via the vacuum valve 20, and the exhaust pipe of the vacuum pump 11 is connected to the water storage tank 1 via the cooler 9. The discharged water vapor is liquefied and absorbed in the cooler 9 and then reused.

[0056] Preferably, both the water storage tank 1 and the chilled water storage tank 2 have square, circular, or elliptical cross-sections, are made of metal or non-metal, and have a volume of 0.005-10000 cubic meters. Both the water storage tank 1 and the chilled water storage tank 2 are equipped with automatic water level detectors 22 to detect water level height. Based on the water level, electromagnetic valves are activated to pump water into the water storage tank 1 and the chilled water storage tank 2. The buffer tank 3 is cylindrical, triangular, quadrilateral, pentagonal, or polygonal, with a volume of 5-500 liters.

[0057] Preferably, the materials of the water storage tank 1, the chilled water storage tank 2 and the buffer tank 3 are stainless steel, alloy steel, aluminum alloy, ceramic, glass, enamel, quartz, fiberglass, plastic, etc., with stainless steel being the most preferred.

[0058] Preferably, vaporizing tube 1 (4), vaporizing tube 2 (5), vaporizing tube 3 (6), vaporizing tube 4 (7), and vaporizing tube 5 (8) are tubes with a spherical or flat-topped structure at one end, and can be placed vertically, parallel, or at other angles. The cross-sectional shape is circular or polygonal, and the vaporizing tube can be any flexible shape such as straight, serpentine, curved, or spiral.

[0059] The negative pressure state is achieved by the vacuum pump 11 connected to the buffer tank 3. The vacuum pump 11 is one or more of the following: dry screw vacuum pump, claw vacuum pump, dry scroll vacuum pump, Roots vacuum pump, turbine vacuum pump, water ring vacuum pump, piston vacuum pump, rotary vane vacuum pump, oil-free reciprocating vacuum pump, Roots vacuum pump, molecular vacuum pump, or compound vacuum pump. The vacuum degree is 1-20000Pa, preferably 1-10000Pa, more preferably 1-5000Pa, and most preferably 1-1000Pa.

[0060] The vaporized water vapor is discharged into the cooler 9 through the vacuum pump 11. The cooler 9 is filled with packing material. Under normal pressure, the water vapor is condensed into liquid after passing through the packing material and returns to the water storage tank 1 for repeated use, forming a closed loop.

[0061] The aforementioned refrigeration method specifically includes the following steps: S1. Evacuate the vacuum and adjust the airflow to a vacuum level of 1-20000Pa, preferably 1-10000Pa, more preferably 1-5000Pa; S2, Introduce water and airflow; S3. Under negative pressure, airflow and packing, water vaporizes and absorbs heat, the temperature of the entire system decreases, and the vaporized water is absorbed and reused through vacuum to obtain cold energy for refrigeration.

[0062] Preferably, the refrigeration method includes the following steps: S1. Evacuate the vacuum and adjust the airflow to a vacuum level of 1-20000Pa, preferably 1-10000Pa, more preferably 1-5000Pa; S2, Introduce water and airflow; S3. Under the action of negative pressure, airflow and packing, water is distributed to the surface of chilled water storage tank 2 and vaporization pipe. Water vaporizes and absorbs heat under the action of airflow, and the temperature of the entire system decreases. The vaporized water is discharged into water storage tank 1 through vacuum pump 11 and condenser 9 and is absorbed and reused.

[0063] like Figure 1As shown, the refrigeration device is a refrigeration device for implementing the above-described refrigeration method.

[0064] Examples 2-8 are more specific embodiments of the present invention. The materials and dimensions used are illustrative and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The core of the present invention is to utilize negative pressure, filler, and airflow to allow water to vaporize and absorb heat inside the vaporization tube, thereby reducing the temperature of the vaporization tube and obtaining cold energy for refrigeration.

[0065] Example 2 like Figure 1 As shown, the preparation of the refrigeration device and the refrigeration method are as follows: (1) Select a water storage tank 1 with a volume of 50 liters and connected to an exhaust pipe 21, a water pipe 13, an inlet pipe 15, an inlet pipe 26, and a cooler 9. Five cylindrical vaporization pipes made of copper with a wall thickness of 1.5 mm, an inner diameter of 10 cm, and a length of 200 cm are connected in series as vaporization pipe 14, vaporization pipe 25, vaporization pipe 36, vaporization pipe 47, and vaporization pipe 58. Vaporization pipe 14 is connected to a stainless steel chilled water storage tank 2 with a volume of 50 liters. The chilled water storage tank 2 is connected to an air inlet pipe 217 and an inlet pipe 26, and is connected to a circulating water pump 10 and a heat exchanger 12. Vaporization pipe 58 is also connected to a buffer tank 3 with a volume of 5 liters. The buffer tank 3 is connected to a vacuum pump 11. The vacuum pump 11 is connected to the water storage tank 1 through the cooler 9.

[0066] (2) Select a dry screw vacuum pump with a discharge capacity of 30 liters / second and a variable frequency motor. The vacuum pump 11 is connected to the buffer tank 3 through the vacuum valve 20 and to the water storage tank 1 through the cooler 9. (3) Select West Tower ring stainless steel packing with a specific surface area of ​​1000 m². 2 / m 3 Fill it into the vaporization tube; (4) Turn on vacuum pump 11 and check if the system is sealed. After confirming that the system is sealed, proceed with the following steps for cooling: Open the second air inlet pipe 17 and adjust the airflow to a vacuum degree between 200-1000Pa. Add water through the first water inlet pipe 15 and the second water inlet pipe 16 into the vaporization pipe and the water storage tank 1. The water in the system vaporizes rapidly, and the temperature of the chilled water storage tank 2 and the vaporization pipe continuously decreases, thereby obtaining cold energy.

[0067] Example 3 like Figure 1 As shown, the preparation of the refrigeration device and the refrigeration method are as follows: (1) Select a water storage tank 1 with a volume of 30 liters and connected to an exhaust pipe 21, a water pipe 13, an inlet pipe 15, an inlet pipe 26, and a cooler 9. Five cylindrical vaporization pipes made of copper with a wall thickness of 1.5 mm, an inner diameter of 7 cm, and a length of 150 cm are connected in series as vaporization pipe 14, vaporization pipe 25, vaporization pipe 36, vaporization pipe 47, and vaporization pipe 58. Vaporization pipe 14 is connected to a stainless steel chilled water storage tank 2 with a volume of 10 liters. The chilled water storage tank 2 is connected to an air inlet pipe 217 and an inlet pipe 26, and is connected to a circulating water pump 10 and a heat exchanger 12. Vaporization pipe 58 is also connected to a buffer tank 3 with a volume of 3 liters. The buffer tank 3 is connected to a vacuum pump 11. The vacuum pump 11 is connected to the water storage tank 1 through the cooler 9.

[0068] (2) Select a dry screw vacuum pump with a discharge capacity of 20 liters / second and a variable frequency motor. The vacuum pump 11 is connected to the buffer tank 3 through the vacuum valve 20 and to the water storage tank 1 through the cooler 9. (3) Select West Tower ring stainless steel packing with a specific surface area of ​​1000 m². 2 / m 3 Fill it into the vaporization tube; (4) Turn on vacuum pump 11 and check if the system is sealed. After confirming that the system is sealed, proceed with the following steps for cooling: Open the second air inlet pipe 17 and adjust the airflow to a vacuum degree between 1000-3000Pa. Add water through the first water inlet pipe 15 and the second water inlet pipe 16 into the vaporization pipe and the water storage tank 1. The water in the system vaporizes rapidly, and the temperature of the chilled water storage tank 2 and the vaporization pipe continuously decreases, thereby obtaining cold energy.

[0069] Example 4 like Figure 1 As shown, the preparation of the refrigeration device and the refrigeration method are as follows: (1) Select a water storage tank 1 with a volume of 30 liters and connected to an exhaust pipe 21, a water pipe 13, an inlet pipe 15, an inlet pipe 26, and a cooler 9. Five cylindrical vaporization pipes made of copper with a wall thickness of 1 mm, an inner diameter of 5 cm, and a length of 100 cm are connected in series as vaporization pipe 14, vaporization pipe 25, vaporization pipe 36, vaporization pipe 47, and vaporization pipe 58. Vaporization pipe 14 is connected to a stainless steel chilled water storage tank 2 with a volume of 10 liters. The chilled water storage tank 2 is connected to an air inlet pipe 217 and an inlet pipe 26, and is connected to a circulating water pump 10 and a heat exchanger 12. Vaporization pipe 58 is also connected to a buffer tank 3 with a volume of 2 liters. The buffer tank 3 is connected to a vacuum pump 11. The vacuum pump 11 is connected to the water storage tank 1 through the cooler 9.

[0070] (2) Select a dry screw vacuum pump with a discharge capacity of 20 liters / second and a variable frequency motor. The vacuum pump 11 is connected to the buffer tank 3 through the vacuum valve 20 and to the water storage tank 1 through the cooler 9. (3) Select West Tower ring stainless steel packing with a specific surface area of ​​500 m². 2 / m 3 Fill it into the vaporization tube; (4) Turn on vacuum pump 11 and check if the system is sealed. After confirming that the system is sealed, proceed with the following steps for cooling: Open the second air inlet pipe 17, adjust the nitrogen flow to a vacuum degree between 3000-5000Pa, and add water through the first water inlet pipe 15 and the second water inlet pipe 16 into the vaporization pipe and the water storage tank 1. The water in the system vaporizes rapidly, and the temperature of the chilled water storage tank 2 and the vaporization pipe continuously decreases, thereby obtaining cold energy.

[0071] Example 5 like Figure 1 As shown, the preparation of the refrigeration device and the refrigeration method are as follows: (1) Select a water storage tank 1 with a volume of 30 liters and connected to an exhaust pipe 21, a water pipe 13, an inlet pipe 15, an inlet pipe 26, and a cooler 9. Five cylindrical vaporization pipes made of copper with a wall thickness of 1 mm, an inner diameter of 5 cm, and a length of 50 cm are connected in series as vaporization pipe 1 4, vaporization pipe 2 5, vaporization pipe 3 6, vaporization pipe 4 7, and vaporization pipe 5 8. Vaporization pipe 1 4 is connected to a stainless steel chilled water storage tank 2 with a volume of 8 liters. The chilled water storage tank 2 is connected to an air inlet pipe 2 17 and an inlet pipe 2 16, and is connected to a circulating water pump 10 and a heat exchanger 12. Vaporization pipe 5 8 is also connected to a buffer tank 3 with a volume of 2 liters. The buffer tank 3 is connected to a vacuum pump 11. The vacuum pump 11 is connected to the water storage tank 1 through the cooler 9.

[0072] (2) Select a dry vortex vacuum pump with a discharge capacity of 20 liters / second and a variable frequency motor. The vacuum pump 11 is connected to the buffer tank 3 through the vacuum valve 20 and to the water storage tank 1 through the cooler 9. (3) Select West Tower ring stainless steel packing with a specific surface area of ​​500 m². 2 / m 3 Fill it into the vaporization tube; (4) Turn on vacuum pump 11 and check if the system is sealed. After confirming that the system is sealed, proceed with the following steps for cooling: Open the second air inlet pipe 17, adjust the carbon dioxide flow to a vacuum of 5000-8000Pa, and add water through the first water inlet pipe 15 and the second water inlet pipe 16 into the vaporization pipe and the water storage tank 1. The water in the system vaporizes rapidly, and the temperature of the chilled water storage tank 2 and the vaporization pipe decreases continuously, thereby obtaining cold energy.

[0073] Example 6 like Figure 1 As shown, the preparation of the refrigeration device and the refrigeration method are as follows: (1) Select a water storage tank 1 with a volume of 30 liters and connected to an exhaust pipe 21, a water pipe 13, an inlet pipe 15, an inlet pipe 26, and a cooler 9. Five cylindrical vaporization pipes made of copper with a wall thickness of 1 mm, an inner diameter of 5 cm, and a length of 50 cm are connected in series as vaporization pipe 1 4, vaporization pipe 2 5, vaporization pipe 3 6, vaporization pipe 4 7, and vaporization pipe 5 8. Vaporization pipe 1 4 is connected to a stainless steel chilled water storage tank 2 with a volume of 8 liters. The chilled water storage tank 2 is connected to an air inlet pipe 2 17 and an inlet pipe 2 16, and is connected to a circulating water pump 10 and a heat exchanger 12. Vaporization pipe 5 8 is also connected to a buffer tank 3 with a volume of 2 liters. The buffer tank 3 is connected to a vacuum pump 11. The vacuum pump 11 is connected to the water storage tank 1 through the cooler 9.

[0074] (2) Select a dry vortex vacuum pump with a discharge capacity of 20 liters / second and a variable frequency motor. The vacuum pump 11 is connected to the buffer tank 3 through the vacuum valve 20 and to the water storage tank 1 through the cooler 9. (3) Select West Tower ring stainless steel packing with a specific surface area of ​​500 m². 2 / m 3 Fill it into the vaporization tube; (4) Turn on vacuum pump 11 and check if the system is sealed. After confirming that the system is sealed, proceed with the following steps for cooling: A 10% ethanol solution is added to the chilled water storage tank through inlet pipe 2 17. The helium gas flow is adjusted to a vacuum degree between 8000-10000 Pa. Water is then added to the vaporization pipe and storage tank 1 through inlet pipe 1 15 and inlet pipe 2 16. The water in the system vaporizes rapidly, and the temperature of the chilled water storage tank 2 and the vaporization pipe continuously decreases, thereby obtaining cold energy.

[0075] Example 7 The preparation of the refrigeration device and the refrigeration method are as follows: (1) Select a 25-liter water storage tank 1 connected to an exhaust pipe 21, a water pipe 13, an inlet pipe 15, an inlet pipe 26, and a cooler 9. Three cylindrical vaporization pipes made of copper, with a wall thickness of 1 mm, an inner diameter of 5 cm, and a length of 60 cm, are connected in series as vaporization pipe 1 4, vaporization pipe 2 5, and vaporization pipe 3 6. Vaporization pipe 1 4 is connected to an 8-liter stainless steel chilled water storage tank 2. The chilled water storage tank 2 is connected to an inlet pipe 9. Gas pipe 2 (17) and water inlet pipe 2 (16) are connected to circulating water pump 10 and heat exchanger 12. Vaporization pipe 3 (6) is also connected to a 2-liter buffer tank 3, which in turn connects to vacuum pump 11. Vacuum pump 11 is connected to water storage tank 1 via cooler 9. Vaporization pipes 2 (5) and 3 (6) connect to air inlet pipe 1 (19), and water inlet pipe 1 (15). Except for vaporization pipes 4 (7) and 5 (8), the rest are as described above. Figure 1 As shown; (2) Select a claw vacuum pump with a displacement of 20 liters / second and a variable frequency motor. The vacuum pump 11 is connected to the buffer tank 3 through the vacuum valve 20 and to the water storage tank 1 through the cooler 9. (3) Select West Tower ring stainless steel packing with a specific surface area of ​​1500 m². 2 / m 3 Fill it into the vaporization tube; (4) Turn on vacuum pump 11 and check if the system is sealed. After confirming that the system is sealed, proceed with the following steps for cooling: Open the second air inlet pipe 17, adjust the water vapor flow to a vacuum degree between 10000-12000Pa, and add water through the first water inlet pipe 15 and the second water inlet pipe 16 into the vaporization pipe and the water storage tank 1. The water in the system vaporizes rapidly, and the temperature of the chilled water storage tank 2 and the vaporization pipe continuously decreases, thereby obtaining cold energy.

[0076] Example 8 The preparation of the refrigeration device and the refrigeration method are as follows: (1) Select a 25-liter water storage tank 1 connected to an exhaust pipe 21, a water pipe 13, an inlet pipe 15, an inlet pipe 26, and a cooler 9. Two cylindrical vaporization pipes made of copper, with a wall thickness of 1 mm, an inner diameter of 5 cm, and a length of 60 cm, are connected in series as vaporization pipe 14 and vaporization pipe 25. Vaporization pipe 14 is connected to an 8-liter stainless steel chilled water storage tank 2. The chilled water storage tank 2 is connected to an air inlet pipe 27 and an inlet pipe 26, and is connected to a circulating water pump 10 and a heat exchanger 12. Vaporization pipe 25 is also connected to a 2-liter buffer tank 3, which is connected to a vacuum pump 11. The vacuum pump 11 is connected to the water storage tank 1 through the cooler 9. Except for the absence of air inlet pipe 19, inlet pipe 15, vaporization pipe 36, vaporization pipe 47, and vaporization pipe 58, the rest are as follows. Figure 1 As shown; (2) Select a claw vacuum pump with a displacement of 20 liters / second and a variable frequency motor. The vacuum pump 11 is connected to the buffer tank 3 through the vacuum valve 20 and to the water storage tank 1 through the cooler 9. (3) Select West Tower ring stainless steel packing with a specific surface area of ​​2500 m². 2 / m 3 Fill it into the vaporization tube; (4) Turn on vacuum pump 11 and check if the system is sealed. After confirming that the system is sealed, proceed with the following steps for cooling: Open the second air inlet pipe 17 and adjust the airflow to a vacuum level between 10000-12000Pa. Add water through the first water inlet pipe 15 and the second water inlet pipe 16 into the vaporization pipe and the water storage tank 1. The water in the system vaporizes rapidly, and the temperature of the chilled water storage tank 2 and the vaporization pipe continuously decreases, thereby obtaining cold energy.

[0077] In addition, experiments were conducted with airflow adjusted to vacuum levels of 12000-15000 Pa, 15000-18000 Pa, and 18000-20000 Pa, respectively, and the specific surface area of ​​the packing was set to 100 m². 2 / m 3 300m 2 / m 3 2000m 2 / m 3 3000m 2 / m 3 4000m 2 / m 3 5000m 2 / m 3 The experiment was conducted, and the rest is as in Example 2. The material and diameter of the vaporization tube can also be chosen in many ways, and the rest is as in Example 1.

Claims

1. A refrigeration method, comprising a vaporization tube, characterized in that, Water in the vaporization tube is vaporized under the combined action of negative pressure, airflow, and packing material. During the vaporization process, the water absorbs the heat of vaporization to lower its temperature, thereby obtaining cold energy for refrigeration.

2. The refrigeration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vaporization pipe with cold energy is equipped with heat sinks and fans for use in the manufacture of refrigeration facilities; or the vaporization pipe with cold energy is placed in underground locations for refrigeration; or the cold energy is exchanged for heat through a heat exchanger and then used in refrigeration facilities.

3. The refrigeration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The packing material is metal or non-metal, and the packing is filled in the vaporization tube; the vaporization tube material is metal or non-metal; the vaporization tube arrangement is single tube, double tube, multiple tubes connected in series or multiple tubes connected in parallel; the overall shape of the vaporization tube is a straight tube, spiral tube or serpentine tube; the vaporization tube is installed vertically, parallelly or inclined; the cross-sectional shape of the vaporization tube is circular or polygonal, and the polygonal includes triangular, quadrilateral, pentagonal or hexagonal.

4. The refrigeration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The water is one or more of tap water, purified water, or deionized water; one or more of antifreeze, scale inhibitor, or wetting agent are added to the water; the antifreeze includes methanol, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine, added at a rate of 0-40% of the water mass; the scale inhibitor includes one or more of sodium benzotriazole, phosphate, polyphosphoric acid, or sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate, added at a rate of 0-5% of the water mass; the wetting agent includes one or more of glycerol, phosphate esters, sulfonates, polyoxyethylene alkylphenol, polyoxyethylene ether, or fatty alcohol polyoxyethylene ether, added at a rate of 0-5% of the water mass; The airflow includes one or more of the following: air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, helium, or water vapor; The negative pressure comes from the vacuum pump (11).

5. The refrigeration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The vaporization pipe is connected to the chilled water storage tank (2), the buffer tank (3), the water inlet pipe, and the air inlet pipe respectively. The chilled water storage tank (2) is connected to the water storage tank (1). The buffer tank (3) is connected to the vacuum pump (11) and the water storage tank (1). The water storage tank (1) is connected to the water pipe (13). The chilled water storage tank (2) and the heat exchanger (12) form a circulation loop.

6. The refrigeration method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The vaporization pipe is a series connection of five pipes, namely vaporization pipe one (4), vaporization pipe two (5), vaporization pipe three (6), vaporization pipe four (7), and vaporization pipe five (8) connected in series. Vaporization pipe one (4) is connected to the chilled water storage tank (2), vaporization pipe four (7) and vaporization pipe five (8) are connected to the air inlet pipe one (19), vaporization pipe three (6) and vaporization pipe four (7) are connected to the water inlet pipe one (15), and the chilled water storage tank (2) is connected to the water inlet pipe two (16), the air inlet pipe two (17), and the drainage pipe one (18). Pipeline (18) is connected, water tank (1) is connected to exhaust pipe (21), water pipe (13) and drain pipe (14), water inlet pipe one (15) and water inlet pipe two (16) are both connected to drain pipe (14); buffer tank (3) is connected to vacuum pump (11) through vacuum valve (20), and exhaust pipe of vacuum pump (11) is connected to water tank (1) through cooler (9); chilled water storage tank (2) forms a circulation loop with circulating water pump (10) and heat exchanger (12).

7. The refrigeration method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Both the water storage tank (1) and the chilled water storage tank (2) have square, circular or elliptical cross sections and are made of metal or non-metal. Both the water storage tank (1) and the chilled water storage tank (2) are equipped with automatic water level detectors (22) to detect the water level height. The electromagnetic valves are activated according to the water level to pump water into the water storage tank (1) and the chilled water storage tank (2).

8. The refrigeration method according to claim 5, characterized in that, The vaporized water vapor is discharged into the cooler (9) through the vacuum pump (11). The cooler (9) is filled with packing material. After passing through the packing material, the water vapor is condensed into liquid and returned to the water storage tank (1) for repeated use, forming a closed loop.

9. The refrigeration method according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Evacuate the vacuum and adjust the airflow to a vacuum level of 1-20000Pa, preferably 1-10000Pa, more preferably 1-5000Pa; S2, Introduce water and airflow; S3. Under negative pressure, airflow and packing, water vaporizes and absorbs heat, the temperature of the entire system decreases, and the vaporized water is absorbed and reused through vacuum to obtain cold energy for refrigeration.

10. A refrigeration device, characterized in that, A refrigeration apparatus for implementing the refrigeration method described in any one of claims 1-9.

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