Frequency compensation method, device and equipment for seismic data, medium and product

Abstract

The invention discloses a frequency compensation method, device and equipment for seismic data, a medium and a product. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring to-be-processed seismic data, and extracting seismic wavelets in the to-be-processed seismic data based on an autocorrelation method; determining a full-bandwidth reflection coefficient corresponding to the to-be-processed seismic data based on the seismic wavelets, the to-be-processed seismic data and a pre-constructed frequency-expanding basis function; wherein the frequency-broadening basis function is a convex function used for reflecting the incidence relation among the seismic data, the seismic wavelets and the reflection coefficient; splicing a full-bandwidth frequency spectrum corresponding to the full-bandwidth reflection coefficient and an original frequency spectrum corresponding to the seismic data to be processed to generate an expanded frequency spectrum; and inverse Fourier transform is carried out on the expanded spectrum to generate frequency-broadened seismic data after high and low frequency compensation. According to the scheme, the frequency band width of the seismic data can be effectively expanded, the resolution of the seismic data is improved, and low-frequency information in the seismic data is enriched.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of seismic exploration technology, and in particular to frequency compensation methods, devices, equipment, media, and products for seismic data. Background Technology

[0002] The quality of a seismic profile is typically determined by its bandwidth. In seismic exploration, low-frequency energy is easily contaminated by noise during acquisition and is readily lost in processing steps such as deconvolution. However, low-frequency waves have longer wavelengths, allowing them to penetrate deeper into subsurface structures and reach deeper geological layers, making them crucial for probing deep geological structures. Low-frequency components can provide clearer interface information in complex geological environments, helping to accurately distinguish different strata. As seismic waves propagate, high-frequency components gradually attenuate due to various factors (such as absorption and scattering). Because of their relative stability and resistance to attenuation, low-frequency waves are a key factor in accurate subsurface imaging. However, traditional methods for improving resolution often involve the loss of low-frequency components while increasing high-frequency energy; therefore, compensating for high and low frequencies in seismic data becomes essential. Summary of the Invention

[0003] This invention provides a seismic data compensation method, device, electronic device, and storage medium, which can effectively broaden the bandwidth of seismic data, improve the resolution of seismic data, and enrich the low-frequency information in seismic data.

[0004] According to one aspect of the present invention, a frequency compensation method for seismic data is provided, comprising:

[0005] Acquire the seismic data to be processed, and extract the seismic wavelet from the seismic data to be processed based on the autocorrelation method;

[0006] Based on the seismic wavelet, the seismic data to be processed, and the pre-constructed superposition basis function, the full bandwidth reflection coefficient corresponding to the seismic data to be processed is determined; wherein, the superposition basis function is a convex function used to reflect the correlation between the seismic data, the seismic wavelet, and the reflection coefficient;

[0007] The full-bandwidth spectrum corresponding to the full-bandwidth reflection coefficient is spliced ​​with the original spectrum corresponding to the seismic data to be processed to generate an extended spectrum;

[0008] The inverse Fourier transform is performed on the extended spectrum to generate high- and low-frequency compensated extended seismic data.

[0009] According to another aspect of the present invention, a frequency compensation device for seismic data is provided, comprising:

[0010] The seismic wavelet extraction module is used to acquire seismic data to be processed and extract seismic wavelets from the seismic data to be processed based on the autocorrelation method.

[0011] The full bandwidth reflection coefficient determination module is used to determine the full bandwidth reflection coefficient corresponding to the seismic data to be processed based on the seismic wavelet, the seismic data to be processed, and the pre-constructed topology basis function; wherein, the topology basis function is a convex function used to reflect the correlation between the seismic data, the seismic wavelet, and the reflection coefficient.

[0012] The extended spectrum generation module is used to stitch together the full-bandwidth spectrum corresponding to the full-bandwidth reflection coefficient with the original spectrum corresponding to the seismic data to be processed to generate an extended spectrum;

[0013] The extended spectrum seismic data generation module is used to perform inverse Fourier transform on the extended spectrum to generate extended spectrum seismic data after high and low frequency compensation.

[0014] According to another aspect of the present invention, an electronic device is provided, the electronic device comprising:

[0015] At least one processor; and

[0016] A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein,

[0017] The memory stores a computer program that can be executed by the at least one processor, which enables the at least one processor to perform the frequency compensation method for seismic data according to any embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] According to another aspect of the present invention, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, the computer-readable storage medium storing computer instructions for causing a processor to execute and implement the frequency compensation method for seismic data according to any embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] According to another aspect of the present invention, a computer program product is provided, the computer program product comprising a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the frequency compensation method for seismic data according to any embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] The frequency compensation scheme for seismic data in this embodiment of the invention involves acquiring seismic data to be processed and extracting seismic wavelets from the seismic data based on the autocorrelation method; determining the full-bandwidth reflection coefficients corresponding to the seismic data to be processed based on the seismic wavelets, the seismic data to be processed, and a pre-constructed extension basis function; wherein the extension basis function is a convex function used to reflect the correlation between the seismic data, the seismic wavelets, and the reflection coefficients; concatenating the full-bandwidth spectrum corresponding to the full-bandwidth reflection coefficients with the original spectrum corresponding to the seismic data to be processed to generate an extended spectrum; and performing an inverse Fourier transform on the extended spectrum to generate extended seismic data after high and low frequency compensation. The technical solution provided by this embodiment of the invention can effectively broaden the bandwidth of seismic data, improve the resolution of seismic data, and enrich the low-frequency information in the seismic data.

[0021] It should be understood that the description in this section is not intended to identify key or essential features of the embodiments of the present invention, nor is it intended to limit the scope of the invention. Other features of the invention will become readily apparent from the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0022] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0023] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a frequency compensation method for seismic data provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a frequency compensation method for seismic data provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 3 A flowchart of another frequency compensation method for seismic data provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of thin-layer seismic data provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of seismic data generated after frequency compensation of thin-layer seismic data based on Q compensation;

[0028] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of seismic data generated after frequency compensation of thin-layer seismic data based on the seismic data frequency compensation method provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 7This is a schematic diagram showing the frequency compensation method for seismic data provided in the embodiments of the present invention and the comparison of the spectrum before and after frequency compensation of thin-layer seismic data based on the Q compensation method.

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of three-dimensional seismic data before frequency compensation provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram showing the frequency compensation of three-dimensional seismic data after frequency compensation based on the seismic data frequency compensation method provided in the embodiments of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 10a A magnified view of location 1 in the three-dimensional seismic data before frequency compensation provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0033] Figure 10b This is a magnified view of location 1 in the frequency-compensated three-dimensional seismic data provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 11a A magnified view of location 2 in the three-dimensional seismic data before frequency compensation provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0035] Figure 11b This is a magnified view of location 2 in the frequency-compensated three-dimensional seismic data provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 12a A magnified view of location 3 in the three-dimensional seismic data before frequency compensation provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0037] Figure 12b A magnified view of location 3 in the frequency-compensated three-dimensional seismic data provided in this embodiment of the invention;

[0038] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of real earthquake data before frequency compensation provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the frequency compensation method for seismic data provided in this embodiment of the invention after frequency compensation of real seismic data.

[0040] Figure 15 This is a schematic diagram comparing the spectrum of real earthquake data before and after frequency compensation.

[0041] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a frequency compensation device for seismic data provided in Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0042] Figure 17 A schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device for implementing the frequency compensation method for seismic data in this embodiment of the invention. Detailed Implementation

[0043] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] It should be noted that the terms "first," "second," etc., in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this invention are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that the embodiments of the invention described herein can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a frequency compensation method for seismic data provided in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. This embodiment is applicable to situations where the frequency of seismic data needs to be compensated. The method can be executed by a frequency compensation device for seismic data, which can be implemented in hardware and / or software. This frequency compensation device can be configured within the frequency compensation process for seismic data. Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0047] S110. Obtain the seismic data to be processed, and extract the seismic wavelet from the seismic data to be processed based on the autocorrelation method.

[0048] In this embodiment of the invention, seismic data to be processed can be acquired through a seismic data detection system. Seismic wavelets are extracted from the seismic data based on the autocorrelation method. Since the shape of the seismic wavelet extracted from the seismic data to be processed usually differs significantly from the Ricker wavelet (an ideal wavelet), to address this issue, autocorrelation calculations are performed on each channel of the seismic data to be processed, extracting the seismic wavelet for each channel. Since the autocorrelation function is a measure of the correlation between a signal and its time-delayed version, for an ideal seismic wavelet, its autocorrelation function should exhibit a peak at zero delay, indicating that the wavelet perfectly matches itself. Seismic data can typically be represented as the convolution of the reflection coefficient of the subsurface medium and the seismic wavelet. When autocorrelation is calculated on this convolutional signal, the result will contain characteristics of the wavelet's autocorrelation function. Because the wavelet's autocorrelation function is similar to the wavelet itself (especially for symmetrical or approximately symmetrical wavelets), the autocorrelation result is close to that of the seismic wavelet.

[0049] S120. Based on the seismic wavelet, the seismic data to be processed, and the pre-constructed superposition basis function, determine the full bandwidth reflection coefficient corresponding to the seismic data to be processed; wherein, the superposition basis function is a convex function used to reflect the correlation between the seismic data, the seismic wavelet, and the reflection coefficient.

[0050] In this embodiment of the invention, a pre-constructed topology basis function is obtained, wherein the topology basis function is a convex function used to reflect the correlation between seismic data, seismic wavelet, and reflection coefficient. Specifically, the topology basis function is a convex function model formula with a convolution model (the convolution of the wavelet and the reflection coefficient) as a penalty term and the sparsity of the reflection coefficient as a regularization term. Based on the seismic wavelet, the seismic data to be processed, and the pre-constructed topology basis function, the full bandwidth reflection coefficient corresponding to the seismic data to be processed is determined.

[0051] Optionally, based on the seismic wavelet, the seismic data to be processed, and the pre-constructed topology basis function, the full bandwidth reflection coefficient corresponding to the seismic data to be processed is determined, including: performing iterative calculations on the pre-constructed topology basis function based on the POCS iterative algorithm, the seismic wavelet, and the seismic data to be processed to determine the full bandwidth reflection coefficient corresponding to the seismic data to be processed; wherein, the difference between the convolution of the seismic wavelet and the full bandwidth reflection coefficient and the seismic data to be processed is minimized.

[0052] The POCS (Projection Onto Convex Sets) iterative algorithm is an iterative algorithm used to solve various optimization problems, especially useful in handling constrained problems. It treats the solution to a problem as the intersection of multiple convex sets and approximates the solution by repeatedly projecting onto these sets. The algorithm gradually approaches the solution by alternately projecting onto these convex sets. Each projection step ensures that the solution is closer to satisfying a specific constraint. This process is repeated, with each iteration further optimizing the solution based on the previous one, until all constraints are satisfied, or a predetermined number of iterations or accuracy standard is reached. In this embodiment of the invention, based on the POCS iterative algorithm, seismic wavelet, and seismic data to be processed, a pre-constructed topology basis function is iteratively calculated to determine the full-bandwidth reflection coefficients corresponding to the seismic data to be processed. According to the convolution model theory, the sparsest reflection coefficients are obtained when the difference between the convolution of the wavelet and the reflection coefficients and the seismic record is minimized. Therefore, the topology basis function is iteratively optimized based on the POCS iterative algorithm to minimize the difference between the convolution of the wavelet and the reflection coefficients and the seismic record, thus determining the full-bandwidth reflection coefficients. Understandably, the difference between the convolution of the seismic wavelet and the full-bandwidth reflection coefficient and the seismic data to be processed is minimal.

[0053] S130. The full-bandwidth spectrum corresponding to the full-bandwidth reflection coefficient is spliced ​​with the original spectrum corresponding to the seismic data to be processed to generate an extended spectrum.

[0054] Optionally, the extended spectrum is generated by concatenating the full-bandwidth spectrum corresponding to the full-bandwidth reflection coefficient with the original spectrum corresponding to the seismic data to be processed. This includes: performing a Fourier transform on the full-bandwidth reflection coefficient to generate the corresponding full-bandwidth spectrum; performing a Fourier transform on the seismic data to be processed to generate the corresponding original spectrum; and concatenating the full-bandwidth spectrum and the original spectrum to generate the extended spectrum. In this embodiment of the invention, Fourier transforms are performed on the full-bandwidth reflection coefficient and the seismic data to be processed to generate the corresponding full-bandwidth spectrum and the original spectrum, respectively. The full-bandwidth spectrum and the original spectrum are then concatenated to generate the extended spectrum. For example, the full-bandwidth spectrum and the original spectrum can be summed to achieve the concatenation of the full-bandwidth spectrum and the original spectrum to generate the extended spectrum.

[0055] Optionally, the full-bandwidth spectrum corresponding to the full-bandwidth reflection coefficient is concatenated with the original spectrum corresponding to the seismic data to be processed to generate an extended spectrum. This includes: determining the frequency extension range corresponding to the seismic data to be processed; and concatenating the full-bandwidth spectrum corresponding to the full-bandwidth reflection coefficient with the original spectrum corresponding to the seismic data to be processed based on the frequency extension range to generate an extended spectrum. For example, the frequency extension range corresponding to the seismic data to be processed is obtained. The frequency extension range can be understood as the ideal frequency range after frequency compensation of the seismic data to be processed, or as the ideal frequency range that the user wants the seismic data to be processed to reach. Therefore, the frequency extension range can be the frequency range determined by spectral analysis of the seismic data to be processed, or it can be a frequency range predetermined by the user. The full-bandwidth spectrum and the original spectrum are concatenated based on the frequency extension range to generate an extended spectrum, wherein the frequency range of the generated extended frequency is the same as the frequency extension range.

[0056] S140. Perform an inverse Fourier transform on the extended spectrum to generate high- and low-frequency compensated extended seismic data.

[0057] In this embodiment of the invention, an inverse Fourier transform is performed on the spread spectrum to generate high- and low-frequency compensated spread spectrum seismic data.

[0058] The frequency compensation method for seismic data in this invention involves acquiring seismic data to be processed and extracting seismic wavelets from the seismic data based on autocorrelation. Based on the seismic wavelets, the seismic data to be processed, and a pre-constructed extension basis function, the full-bandwidth reflection coefficients corresponding to the seismic data to be processed are determined. The extension basis function is a convex function reflecting the correlation between the seismic data, the seismic wavelets, and the reflection coefficients. The full-bandwidth spectrum corresponding to the full-bandwidth reflection coefficients is concatenated with the original spectrum corresponding to the seismic data to be processed to generate an extended spectrum. An inverse Fourier transform is performed on the extended spectrum to generate extended seismic data with high and low frequency compensation. The technical solution provided by this invention can effectively broaden the bandwidth of seismic data, improve the resolution of seismic data, and enrich the low-frequency information in the seismic data.

[0059] Example 2

[0060] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of a frequency compensation method for seismic data provided in Embodiment 2 of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 2 As shown, the method includes:

[0061] S210. Obtain the seismic data to be processed, and extract the seismic wavelet from the seismic data to be processed based on the autocorrelation method.

[0062] S220. Based on the POCS iterative algorithm, the seismic wavelet and the seismic data to be processed are used to iteratively calculate the pre-constructed topology basis function to determine the full bandwidth reflection coefficient corresponding to the seismic data to be processed; wherein, the difference between the convolution of the seismic wavelet and the full bandwidth reflection coefficient and the seismic data to be processed is the smallest.

[0063] S230. Determine the frequency extension range corresponding to the seismic data to be processed.

[0064] Optionally, obtaining the frequency extension range corresponding to the seismic data to be processed includes: performing spectral analysis on the seismic data to be processed to determine the initial frequency range of the seismic data to be processed; and determining the frequency extension range corresponding to the seismic data to be processed based on the initial frequency range; wherein the initial frequency range is a subset of the frequency extension range. For example, performing a Fourier transform on the seismic data to be processed generates the corresponding original spectrum, and performing spectral analysis on the original spectrum to determine the initial frequency range of the seismic data to be processed. The frequency extension range corresponding to the seismic data to be processed is determined based on the initial frequency range; wherein the initial frequency range is a subset of the frequency extension range, that is, the initial frequency range is within the frequency extension range.

[0065] S240. Determine the frequency compensation weight of the full bandwidth spectrum corresponding to the full bandwidth reflection coefficient based on the frequency extension range.

[0066] In this embodiment of the invention, the frequency compensation weight of the full bandwidth spectrum is determined based on the frequency extension range. The frequency compensation weight corresponding to each frequency point in the full bandwidth spectrum may be the same or different. The larger the frequency extension range, the larger the corresponding frequency compensation weight of the full bandwidth spectrum.

[0067] S250. Based on the frequency compensation weight, the full bandwidth spectrum corresponding to the full bandwidth reflection coefficient is spliced ​​with the original spectrum corresponding to the seismic data to be processed to generate an extended spectrum; wherein, the extended spectrum is the sum of the product of the frequency compensation weight and the full bandwidth spectrum and the original spectrum.

[0068] In this embodiment of the invention, the full-bandwidth spectrum and the original spectrum are spliced ​​together according to the frequency compensation weight to generate an extended spectrum. Specifically, the product of the frequency compensation weight and the full-bandwidth spectrum, plus the original spectrum, is used as the extended spectrum. For example, when performing frequency compensation on the high-frequency and low-frequency regions in the original spectrum, a larger value can be set for the frequency compensation weight of the corresponding frequency region in the full-bandwidth spectrum, while a smaller value can be set for the frequency compensation weight of the corresponding frequency region in the full-bandwidth spectrum when performing frequency compensation on the intermediate frequency region in the original spectrum. Optionally, the compensated high- and low-frequency regions use the extended spectrum formed by splicing the full-bandwidth spectrum and the original spectrum, while the uncompensated intermediate regions can directly use the original spectrum.

[0069] S260. Perform an inverse Fourier transform on the extended spectrum to generate high- and low-frequency compensated extended seismic data.

[0070] Figure 3 This is a flowchart of another frequency compensation method for seismic data provided in an embodiment of the present invention, which can be combined with the above embodiments. Figure 3 The meaning is clear and will not be elaborated upon here.

[0071] In seismic exploration, thin layers refer to rock layers with a thickness less than or close to half the wavelength of a seismic wave. Thin layers are crucial for identifying oil and gas reservoirs, assessing reservoir connectivity, and optimizing well locations. The resolution of traditional seismic data is limited by wavelength. If the layer thickness is less than a quarter of the seismic wave wavelength, these layers may not appear as two independent reflection events on a seismic profile; this is known as the "seismic resolution limit." Furthermore, when the layer thickness is comparable to the seismic wave wavelength, reflections from adjacent interfaces may interfere with each other, making it difficult to distinguish reflection characteristics within the thin layer. To verify the frequency compensation method for seismic data provided in this embodiment of the invention for thin layers, a comparative experiment on thin layer compensation is provided in this embodiment. For example, Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of thin-layer seismic data provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 It can be seen that there is a relatively weak response at around 0.25 seconds, and the waveform period is significantly smaller than that of other in-phase axes, showing obvious thin-layer characteristics. Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of seismic data generated after frequency compensation of thin-layer seismic data based on Q compensation; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of seismic data generated after frequency compensation of thin-layer seismic data based on the seismic data frequency compensation method provided in the embodiments of the present invention. Figure 5 and Figure 6It can be observed that Q-compensation has a relatively small enhancing effect on the target thin layer, improving the poor layer differentiation caused by low resolution between 0.3 and 0.4 seconds. In contrast, the frequency compensation method for seismic data provided in this embodiment of the invention significantly enhances the originally weak thin layer, transforming it into a layer response with obvious impedance characteristics, and further improving the overall data resolution. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram comparing the frequency compensation method for seismic data provided in the embodiments of the present invention, and the frequency spectrum before and after frequency compensation of thin-layer seismic data based on the Q-compensation method. Figure 7 As shown, the bandwidth of the spectrum of thin-layer seismic data after frequency compensation based on the frequency compensation method for seismic data provided in this embodiment of the invention is widened.

[0072] The frequency compensation method for seismic data provided in this embodiment of the invention is applicable not only to two-dimensional seismic data, but also to three-dimensional seismic data. Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of three-dimensional seismic data before frequency compensation, provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 As shown, the 3D seismic data reveals a multi-layered structure, containing important information about thin reservoirs between these layers. Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the frequency compensation of three-dimensional seismic data after frequency compensation based on the seismic data frequency compensation method provided in this embodiment of the invention. Figure 9 As shown, the resolution of the frequency-compensated 3D seismic data is significantly enhanced, and it contains richer information. To more clearly highlight the effectiveness of the seismic data frequency compensation method provided in this embodiment of the invention, three key locations are selected for comparative demonstration. Figure 10a This is a magnified view of location 1 in the three-dimensional seismic data before frequency compensation provided in this embodiment of the invention. Figure 10b This is a magnified view of location 1 in the frequency-compensated three-dimensional seismic data provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 11a This is a magnified view of location 2 in the three-dimensional seismic data before frequency compensation provided in this embodiment of the invention. Figure 11b This is a magnified view of location 2 in the frequency-compensated three-dimensional seismic data provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 12a This is a magnified view of location 3 in the three-dimensional seismic data before frequency compensation provided in this embodiment of the invention. Figure 12b This is a magnified view of location 3 in the frequency-compensated three-dimensional seismic data provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figures 10a-12b As can be seen, the frequency compensation method for seismic data provided in this embodiment of the invention significantly enhances some weak signals (including longitudinal and lateral signals), making previously indistinguishable features now clearly visible, and significantly improving resolution and low-frequency information.

[0073] To further verify the effectiveness of the frequency compensation method for seismic data provided in this embodiment of the invention, real seismic data was processed using a partial overlay profile of a block in western China. Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of real seismic data before frequency compensation provided in an embodiment of the present invention, as shown below. Figure 13 As shown, the seismic data consists of 500 channels with a sampling interval of 0.002 seconds. Figure 14 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the frequency compensation method for seismic data provided in this embodiment of the invention after frequency compensation of real seismic data. Figure 13 and Figure 14 Comparisons show that the bandwidth-extended seismic data possesses richer inter-layer information, clearer structural descriptions, and more balanced profile energy. Furthermore, calibration with well data synthetic records reveals a closer match between the extended profile and the synthetic record, especially in the shallow 0-2 second region. Figure 15 This is a diagram comparing the frequency spectrum of real seismic data before and after frequency compensation. Figure 15 It can be seen that after frequency compensation of the seismic data, the main frequency of the spectrum increased by about 17 Hz, and the bandwidth increased by about 35 Hz.

[0074] The technical solution provided by the embodiments of the present invention can effectively broaden the bandwidth of seismic data, improve the resolution of seismic data, and enrich the low-frequency information in seismic data.

[0075] Example 3

[0076] Figure 16 This is a schematic diagram of a frequency compensation device for seismic data provided in Embodiment 3 of the present invention. Figure 16 As shown, the device includes:

[0077] The seismic wavelet extraction module 1610 is used to acquire seismic data to be processed and extract seismic wavelets from the seismic data to be processed based on the autocorrelation method.

[0078] The full bandwidth reflection coefficient determination module 1620 is used to determine the full bandwidth reflection coefficient corresponding to the seismic data to be processed based on the seismic wavelet, the seismic data to be processed, and the pre-constructed topology basis function; wherein, the topology basis function is a convex function used to reflect the correlation between the seismic data, the seismic wavelet, and the reflection coefficient.

[0079] The extended spectrum generation module 1630 is used to stitch together the full-bandwidth spectrum corresponding to the full-bandwidth reflection coefficient with the original spectrum corresponding to the seismic data to be processed to generate an extended spectrum;

[0080] The extended spectrum seismic data generation module 1640 is used to perform inverse Fourier transform on the extended spectrum to generate extended spectrum seismic data after high and low frequency compensation.

[0081] Optionally, the spread spectrum generation module includes:

[0082] The frequency extension range determination unit is used to determine the frequency extension range corresponding to the seismic data to be processed.

[0083] The extended spectrum generation unit is used to stitch together the full-bandwidth spectrum corresponding to the full-bandwidth reflection coefficient with the original spectrum corresponding to the seismic data to be processed based on the frequency extension range to generate an extended spectrum.

[0084] Optionally, the spread spectrum generation unit is used for:

[0085] The frequency compensation weight of the full bandwidth spectrum corresponding to the full bandwidth reflection coefficient is determined based on the frequency extension range.

[0086] Based on the frequency compensation weight, the full-bandwidth spectrum corresponding to the full-bandwidth reflection coefficient is spliced ​​with the original spectrum corresponding to the seismic data to be processed to generate an extended spectrum; wherein, the extended spectrum is the sum of the product of the frequency compensation weight and the full-bandwidth spectrum and the original spectrum.

[0087] Optionally, the frequency extension range determining unit is used for:

[0088] Perform spectral analysis on the seismic data to be processed to determine the initial frequency range of the seismic data to be processed;

[0089] The frequency extension range corresponding to the seismic data to be processed is determined based on the initial frequency range; wherein the initial frequency range is a subset of the frequency extension range.

[0090] Optionally, the spread spectrum generation module is used for:

[0091] Perform a Fourier transform on the full-bandwidth reflection coefficients to generate the corresponding full-bandwidth spectrum;

[0092] Perform a Fourier transform on the seismic data to be processed to generate the corresponding original spectrum;

[0093] The full-bandwidth spectrum and the original spectrum are spliced ​​together to generate an extended spectrum.

[0094] The full bandwidth reflection coefficient determination module is used for:

[0095] Based on the POCS iterative algorithm, the seismic wavelet, and the seismic data to be processed, the pre-constructed topology basis function is iteratively calculated to determine the full bandwidth reflection coefficient corresponding to the seismic data to be processed; wherein, the difference between the convolution of the seismic wavelet and the full bandwidth reflection coefficient and the seismic data to be processed is minimized.

[0096] The frequency compensation device for seismic data provided in the embodiments of the present invention can execute the frequency compensation method for seismic data provided in any embodiment of the present invention, and has the corresponding functional modules and beneficial effects of executing the method.

[0097] Example 4

[0098] Figure 17 A schematic diagram of an electronic device 10 that can be used to implement embodiments of the present invention is shown. The electronic device is intended to represent various forms of digital computers, such as laptop computers, desktop computers, workstations, personal digital assistants, servers, blade servers, mainframe computers, and other suitable computers. The electronic device can also represent various forms of mobile devices, such as personal digital processors, cellular phones, smartphones, wearable devices (e.g., helmets, glasses, watches, etc.), and other similar computing devices. The components shown herein, their connections and relationships, and their functions are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the implementation of the invention described and / or claimed herein.

[0099] like Figure 17 As shown, the electronic device 10 includes at least one processor 11 and a memory, such as a read-only memory (ROM) 12 or a random access memory (RAM) 13, communicatively connected to the at least one processor 11. The memory stores computer programs executable by the at least one processor. The processor 11 can perform various appropriate actions and processes based on the computer program stored in the ROM 12 or loaded from storage unit 18 into the RAM 13. The RAM 13 may also store various programs and data required for the operation of the electronic device 10. The processor 11, ROM 12, and RAM 13 are interconnected via a bus 14. An input / output (I / O) interface 15 is also connected to the bus 14.

[0100] Multiple components in electronic device 10 are connected to I / O interface 15, including: input unit 16, such as keyboard, mouse, etc.; output unit 17, such as various types of displays, speakers, etc.; storage unit 18, such as disk, optical disk, etc.; and communication unit 19, such as network card, modem, wireless transceiver, etc. Communication unit 19 allows electronic device 10 to exchange information / data with other devices through computer networks such as the Internet and / or various telecommunications networks.

[0101] Processor 11 can be a variety of general-purpose and / or special-purpose processing components with processing and computing capabilities. Some examples of processor 11 include, but are not limited to, a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), various special-purpose artificial intelligence (AI) computing chips, various processors running machine learning model algorithms, a digital signal processor (DSP), and any suitable processor, controller, microcontroller, etc. Processor 11 performs the various methods and processes described above, such as frequency compensation methods for seismic data.

[0102] In some embodiments, the frequency compensation method for seismic data may be implemented as a computer program tangibly contained in a computer-readable storage medium, such as storage unit 18. In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program may be loaded and / or installed on electronic device 10 via ROM 12 and / or communication unit 19. When the computer program is loaded into RAM 13 and executed by processor 11, one or more steps of the frequency compensation method for seismic data described above may be performed. Alternatively, in other embodiments, processor 11 may be configured to perform the frequency compensation method for seismic data by any other suitable means (e.g., by means of firmware).

[0103] Various embodiments of the systems and techniques described above herein can be implemented in digital electronic circuit systems, integrated circuit systems, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), application-specific standard products (ASSPs), systems-on-a-chip (SoCs), payload-programmable logic devices (CPLDs), computer hardware, firmware, software, and / or combinations thereof. These various embodiments may include implementations in one or more computer programs that can be executed and / or interpreted on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be a dedicated or general-purpose programmable processor, capable of receiving data and instructions from a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device, and transmitting data and instructions to the storage system, the at least one input device, and the at least one output device.

[0104] Computer programs used to implement the methods of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These computer programs may be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, or other programmable data processing device, such that when executed by the processor, the computer programs cause the functions / operations specified in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams to be performed. The computer programs may be executed entirely on a machine, partially on a machine, or as a standalone software package, partially on a machine and partially on a remote machine, or entirely on a remote machine or server.

[0105] In the context of this invention, a computer-readable storage medium can be a tangible medium that may contain or store a computer program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. A computer-readable storage medium may include, but is not limited to, electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor systems, apparatus, or devices, or any suitable combination thereof. Alternatively, a computer-readable storage medium may be a machine-readable signal medium. More specific examples of machine-readable storage media include electrical connections based on one or more wires, portable computer disks, hard disks, random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), optical fibers, portable compact disk read-only memory (CD-ROM), optical storage devices, magnetic storage devices, or any suitable combination thereof.

[0106] To provide interaction with a user, the systems and techniques described herein can be implemented on an electronic device having: a display device (e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube) or LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor) for displaying information to the user; and a keyboard and pointing device (e.g., a mouse or trackball) through which the user provides input to the electronic device. Other types of devices can also be used to provide interaction with the user; for example, feedback provided to the user can be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user can be received in any form (including sound input, voice input, or tactile input).

[0107] The systems and technologies described herein can be implemented in computing systems that include backend components (e.g., as data servers), or computing systems that include middleware components (e.g., application servers), or computing systems that include frontend components (e.g., user computers with graphical user interfaces or web browsers through which users can interact with implementations of the systems and technologies described herein), or any combination of such backend, middleware, or frontend components. The components of the system can be interconnected via digital data communication of any form or medium (e.g., communication networks). Examples of communication networks include local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), blockchain networks, and the Internet.

[0108] A computing system can include clients and servers. Clients and servers are generally located far apart and typically interact through communication networks. The client-server relationship is created by computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship with each other. The server can be a cloud server, also known as a cloud computing server or cloud host, which is a hosting product within the cloud computing service system to address the shortcomings of traditional physical hosts and VPS services, such as high management difficulty and weak business scalability.

[0109] This invention also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the frequency compensation method for seismic data according to any embodiment of this invention.

[0110] It should be understood that the various forms of processes shown above can be used, with steps reordered, added, or deleted. For example, the steps described in this invention can be executed in parallel, sequentially, or in different orders, as long as the desired result of the technical solution of this invention can be achieved, and this is not limited herein.

[0111] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A frequency compensation method for seismic data, characterized in that, include: Acquire the seismic data to be processed, and extract the seismic wavelet from the seismic data to be processed based on the autocorrelation method; Based on the seismic wavelet, the seismic data to be processed, and the pre-constructed superposition basis function, the full bandwidth reflection coefficient corresponding to the seismic data to be processed is determined; wherein, the superposition basis function is a convex function used to reflect the correlation between the seismic data, the seismic wavelet, and the reflection coefficient; The full-bandwidth spectrum corresponding to the full-bandwidth reflection coefficient is spliced ​​with the original spectrum corresponding to the seismic data to be processed to generate an extended spectrum; The spread spectrum is subjected to inverse Fourier transform to generate high- and low-frequency compensated spread spectrum seismic data.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The full-bandwidth spectrum corresponding to the full-bandwidth reflection coefficient is concatenated with the original spectrum corresponding to the seismic data to be processed to generate an extended spectrum, including: Determine the frequency extension range corresponding to the seismic data to be processed; Based on the frequency extension range, the full-bandwidth spectrum corresponding to the full-bandwidth reflection coefficient is spliced ​​with the original spectrum corresponding to the seismic data to be processed to generate the extended spectrum.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Based on the frequency extension range, the full-bandwidth spectrum corresponding to the full-bandwidth reflection coefficient is spliced ​​with the original spectrum corresponding to the seismic data to be processed to generate an extended spectrum, including: The frequency compensation weight of the full bandwidth spectrum corresponding to the full bandwidth reflection coefficient is determined based on the frequency extension range. Based on the frequency compensation weight, the full-bandwidth spectrum corresponding to the full-bandwidth reflection coefficient is spliced ​​with the original spectrum corresponding to the seismic data to be processed to generate an extended spectrum; wherein, the extended spectrum is the sum of the product of the frequency compensation weight and the full-bandwidth spectrum and the original spectrum.

4. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Obtain the frequency extension range corresponding to the seismic data to be processed, including: Perform spectral analysis on the seismic data to be processed to determine the initial frequency range of the seismic data to be processed; The frequency extension range corresponding to the seismic data to be processed is determined based on the initial frequency range; wherein the initial frequency range is a subset of the frequency extension range.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The full-bandwidth spectrum corresponding to the full-bandwidth reflection coefficient is concatenated with the original spectrum corresponding to the seismic data to be processed to generate an extended spectrum, including: Perform a Fourier transform on the full-bandwidth reflection coefficients to generate the corresponding full-bandwidth spectrum; Perform a Fourier transform on the seismic data to be processed to generate the corresponding original spectrum; The full-bandwidth spectrum and the original spectrum are spliced ​​together to generate an extended spectrum.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the seismic wavelet, the seismic data to be processed, and the pre-constructed frequency conversion basis functions, the full bandwidth reflection coefficients corresponding to the seismic data to be processed are determined, including: Based on the POCS iterative algorithm, the seismic wavelet, and the seismic data to be processed, the pre-constructed topology basis function is iteratively calculated to determine the full bandwidth reflection coefficient corresponding to the seismic data to be processed; wherein, the difference between the convolution of the seismic wavelet and the full bandwidth reflection coefficient and the seismic data to be processed is minimized.

7. A frequency compensation device for seismic data, characterized in that, include: The seismic wavelet extraction module is used to acquire seismic data to be processed and extract seismic wavelets from the seismic data to be processed based on the autocorrelation method. The full bandwidth reflection coefficient determination module is used to determine the full bandwidth reflection coefficient corresponding to the seismic data to be processed based on the seismic wavelet, the seismic data to be processed, and the pre-constructed topology basis function; wherein, the topology basis function is a convex function used to reflect the correlation between the seismic data, the seismic wavelet, and the reflection coefficient. The extended spectrum generation module is used to stitch together the full-bandwidth spectrum corresponding to the full-bandwidth reflection coefficient with the original spectrum corresponding to the seismic data to be processed to generate an extended spectrum; The extended spectrum seismic data generation module is used to perform inverse Fourier transform on the extended spectrum to generate extended spectrum seismic data after high and low frequency compensation.

8. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes: At least one processor; and A memory communicatively connected to the at least one processor; wherein, The memory stores a computer program that can be executed by the at least one processor, the computer program being executed by the at least one processor to enable the at least one processor to perform the frequency compensation method for seismic data according to any one of claims 1-6.

9. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, The computer-readable storage medium stores computer instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the frequency compensation method for seismic data according to any one of claims 1-6.

10. A computer program product, characterized in that, The computer program product includes a computer program that, when executed by a processor, implements the frequency compensation method for seismic data according to any one of claims 1-6.

Images