Urban rail vehicle electrical control simulation teaching demonstration method and system

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of subway control circuit simulation teaching, in particular to an urban rail vehicle electrical control simulation teaching demonstration method and system, and the method comprises the steps: responding to user operation, loading a target circuit module, and synchronously displaying a corresponding circuit schematic diagram interface and a physical equipment layout interface; virtual and real object connection state data is generated and updated based on user connection operation; comparing the virtual connection state data with a standard circuit model in real time so as to execute error diagnosis and generate guidance information, and simultaneously performing virtual and real state synchronous mapping so as to display a connection path and a connection state in a consistent visual coding highlight manner; and when the circuit connection is complete and correct, power-on simulation is triggered, a dynamic demonstration animation is generated, and a current path, a signal flow direction and a component action process are visually displayed, so that deep fusion of a virtual principle and physical equipment is realized, the teaching efficiency and the training quality are effectively improved through real-time error diagnosis and dynamic visual demonstration, and the teaching experience is improved. And the training cost and the safety risk are reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the technical field of subway control circuit simulation teaching, and in particular to a method and system for teaching and demonstrating electrical control simulation of urban rail vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] As a core component of rail vehicles, the electrical control system is complex in principle and rigorous in logic. Traditional teaching and training methods mainly rely on theoretical explanations, analysis of two-dimensional drawings, and hands-on practice on actual vehicles or test benches. However, these traditional models have many limitations:

[0003] First, real vehicles or experimental test benches are expensive, occupy a large area, have high maintenance costs, and pose high-voltage safety risks, making them difficult to widely adopt in college and university teaching and training. Students lack opportunities for repeated hands-on connection and trial-and-error, resulting in low efficiency in converting theoretical knowledge into practical skills. Second, existing circuit simulation teaching software is mostly a single schematic simulation, with components represented by abstract symbols, significantly different from the appearance, installation location, and terminal arrangement of real equipment. This "disconnect between the virtual and the real" means that even if students are proficient in schematics, they may still encounter connection difficulties when facing real equipment due to their inability to accurately match components and terminals, resulting in a significant "cognitive gap." Third, most simulation systems lack intelligent real-time guidance and error diagnosis mechanisms. After connecting the circuit, students usually need teachers to manually check or wait for the system to perform a simple continuity test, unable to obtain immediate error location and correction guidance during the operation. This lag in feedback not only affects learning efficiency but also easily leads students to form incorrect operating habits. Finally, in demonstrating the working principle of circuits, traditional methods rely heavily on static diagrams or simple indicator light changes, failing to vividly and intuitively demonstrate the dynamic path of current, the flow of signals, and the timing of the actions of components (such as relays and contactors). This leaves students' understanding of the dynamic working process of circuits at an abstract level, resulting in poor teaching effectiveness.

[0004] Therefore, existing technologies suffer from problems such as high teaching costs, poor safety, disconnect between virtual and real technologies, delayed feedback, lack of personalization, and unintuitive demonstrations. There is an urgent need for a simulation teaching solution for urban rail vehicle electrical control that can deeply integrate virtual principles with physical equipment and provide real-time diagnosis, dynamic demonstrations, and personalized guidance. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the problems of disconnect between theory and practice, lack of real-time guidance, and poor learning outcomes in existing teaching methods, this application provides a simulation teaching demonstration method and system for urban rail vehicle electrical control.

[0006] The above-mentioned objective of this application is achieved through the following technical solution:

[0007] A simulation teaching demonstration method for the electrical control of urban rail vehicles, comprising the following steps:

[0008] In response to user operation, the system loads the target circuit module from the pre-set urban rail vehicle professional circuit module library and simultaneously displays the circuit schematic interface and physical equipment layout interface corresponding to the target circuit module. The circuit schematic interface contains virtual component symbols, and the physical equipment layout interface contains physical component images and wiring terminals that are mirrored 1:1 with the real equipment.

[0009] Based on the connection operations performed by the user in the circuit schematic interface or the physical device layout interface, virtual connection status data and physical connection status data are generated and updated.

[0010] The virtual connection status data is compared with the standard circuit model in real time to perform error diagnosis and generate real-time guidance information based on the comparison results. At the same time, the virtual connection status data is synchronously mapped with the physical connection status data, and the current connection path and status are highlighted in a consistent visual encoding manner in the circuit schematic interface and the physical device layout interface.

[0011] When the system detects that the circuit connection is complete and correct, it triggers a power-on simulation and generates a dynamic demonstration animation based on the virtual connection status data. The current path, signal flow, and component operation process are then visually displayed in the circuit schematic interface.

[0012] By adopting the above technical solution, the professionalism and authenticity of the teaching content are ensured by loading the target circuit module in response to user operations and simultaneously displaying the schematic diagram interface and the physical device layout interface. This makes the abstract circuit logic intuitively correspond to the specific physical devices, reducing the learning threshold for users. Based on user connection operations, virtual and physical connection status data are generated and updated, realizing real-time recording and status synchronization of the operation process, providing an accurate data foundation for subsequent diagnosis and simulation. By comparing the virtual connection status data with the standard model in real time for error diagnosis and generating real-time guidance information, user errors can be corrected promptly, avoiding error accumulation and improving learning efficiency. Simultaneously, by synchronously mapping and consistently visually encoding and highlighting the connection path and status, the user's understanding of the relationship between virtual and physical components is enhanced, reducing cognitive bias. When the circuit connection is complete and error-free, a power-on simulation is triggered, generating a dynamic demonstration animation that visually displays the current path and component actions, making abstract electrical concepts concrete, deepening the user's understanding of circuit principles, and improving teaching effectiveness and immersion.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment, this application can be further configured such that: the step of comparing the virtual connection state data with a standard circuit model in real time and performing error diagnosis specifically includes:

[0014] Real-time monitoring of the topology formed by connection operations, extraction of connection relationship feature vector F, where F = {f1, f2,..., fn}, fi represents the connection attribute of the i-th connection point, including connection endpoint component ID and connection type;

[0015] The similarity between the connection relationship feature vector F and the feature vector F_std of the standard circuit model pre-stored in the database is calculated.

[0016] If the similarity is lower than the preset error diagnosis threshold, it is determined to be a connection anomaly, and error localization analysis is initiated.

[0017] Based on the error location analysis results, the corresponding error description text and correction guidance strategy are matched from the preset error knowledge base to generate the real-time guidance information and push it to the user interface.

[0018] By adopting the above technical solution, the complex circuit connections are abstracted into mathematical features through real-time monitoring of the topology formed by connection operations and extraction of connection relationship feature vectors, facilitating rapid and efficient processing and analysis. By calculating the similarity between the feature vectors and the standard model, and judging anomalies based on error diagnosis thresholds, the automation and accuracy of error identification are achieved, avoiding the subjectivity and delays of manual inspection. Through error location analysis, descriptions and correction strategies are matched from the error knowledge base to generate real-time guidance information, providing specific and actionable feedback to help users quickly understand the cause of errors and correct them, shortening the learning curve and improving teaching efficiency.

[0019] In a preferred embodiment, this application can be further configured such that: the synchronous mapping of the virtual connection state data and the physical connection state data specifically includes:

[0020] A mapping table is established between virtual component symbols and physical component images. The mapping table records the virtual component ID, the corresponding physical component ID, and the terminal correspondence.

[0021] When the virtual connection status data is updated, the virtual connection path is converted into the corresponding physical connection path data according to the mapping table;

[0022] In the physical device layout interface, based on the physical connection path data, the correctly connected paths are highlighted with a first color, and the connection paths that differ from the virtual connection status data or are determined to be abnormal by error diagnosis are highlighted with a second color.

[0023] By adopting the above technical solution and establishing a mapping table between virtual and physical components, the precise correspondence between virtual symbols and physical images is ensured, providing a reliable foundation for data synchronization. When virtual connection status data is updated, it is automatically converted into physical connection path data, achieving real-time consistency between virtual and physical states and avoiding operational disconnect and cognitive confusion. In the physical device layout interface, consistent visual coding is used to highlight connection paths, and correct and abnormal connections are distinguished by color, enabling users to intuitively and quickly identify status differences, strengthening the understanding of the combination of virtual and physical, and improving the accuracy of operation and user experience.

[0024] In a preferred embodiment, this application can be further configured such that: when the system detects that the circuit connection is complete and error-free, a power-on simulation is triggered, and a dynamic demonstration animation is generated based on the virtual connection state data, specifically including:

[0025] The virtual connection state data is parsed to construct a directed graph model of the circuit, G=(V, E), where V represents the set of nodes corresponding to components and E represents the set of edges corresponding to wire connections.

[0026] Based on the electrical parameters output by the directed graph model and the circuit simulation engine, the flow priority and direction of current on each edge of the directed graph model are calculated.

[0027] In the circuit schematic interface, along the edge E of the directed graph model G, a current flow animation is rendered in the form of a dynamic particle flow, wherein the density of the particle flow is positively correlated with the simulated current intensity.

[0028] In response to changes in the circuit logic state, the corresponding virtual component symbols in the circuit schematic interface are driven to perform state switching animations, and the working status indications of the corresponding physical component images in the physical device layout interface are updated synchronously.

[0029] By adopting the above technical solutions, a directed graph model is constructed by parsing virtual connection state data, transforming the circuit structure into a computable model, thus ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the simulation process. Based on the directed graph model and simulation engine, the priority and direction of current flow are calculated, realizing a realistic simulation of circuit behavior, enabling users to understand the dynamic characteristics of current. Current animation is rendered in the form of dynamic particle flow, and is positively correlated with current intensity, visualizing abstract electrical parameters and enhancing the intuitiveness and fun of teaching. Responding to state changes drives component animation and synchronously updates the physical interface, providing multi-sensory feedback, helping users establish the connection between circuit logic and physical actions, and deepening their understanding of electrical control principles.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment, this application can be further configured such that the urban rail vehicle electrical control simulation teaching demonstration method also includes:

[0031] Record user behavior data during the operation process, including the type of error triggered, the number of errors that occurred, and the time taken to complete the connection;

[0032] Based on recorded behavioral data, a user ability assessment model is constructed to calculate the user's overall mastery score.

[0033] Based on the overall mastery score and the specific error type distribution, a personalized learning assessment report is generated, which includes an analysis of knowledge gaps and suggestions for subsequent learning.

[0034] By adopting the above technical solutions and recording user behavior data, including error types and operation times, a comprehensive tracking of the learning process is achieved, providing data support for personalized assessment. Based on the behavior data, a competency assessment model is built and a mastery score is calculated, which can objectively quantify the user's learning progress and avoid subjective evaluation bias. Personalized learning reports are generated based on the scores and error distribution, providing weakness analysis and learning suggestions to help users make targeted improvements, optimize learning paths, and enhance teaching efficiency and adaptive learning capabilities.

[0035] In a preferred embodiment, this application can be further configured such that, before loading the target circuit module from a pre-set urban rail vehicle professional circuit module library in response to a user operation, and simultaneously displaying the circuit schematic interface and physical equipment layout interface corresponding to the target circuit module, the urban rail vehicle electrical control simulation teaching demonstration method further includes:

[0036] Based on user input, the user's ability level identifier is retrieved. Based on the user's ability level identifier, a suitable initial teaching circuit module is dynamically selected and recommended from the pre-set urban rail vehicle professional circuit module library.

[0037] Based on the complexity of the initial teaching circuit module and the teaching focus, select a target teaching strategy from a set of preset teaching strategies.

[0038] Based on the stated target teaching strategy, determine the error diagnosis threshold and the detail level of the connection prompts.

[0039] By adopting the above technical solutions, and dynamically selecting and recommending initial teaching circuit modules based on user ability level identifiers, the system ensures that the teaching content matches the user's level, avoiding frustration or boredom caused by modules that are too difficult or too easy, thus improving learning motivation. The system selects target teaching strategies based on module complexity and teaching focus, enabling personalized customization of teaching methods and optimizing the allocation of teaching resources. Furthermore, by determining error diagnosis thresholds and the level of detail in prompts based on teaching strategies, the system provides flexible teaching support, ensuring both learning challenge and necessary guidance, thereby enhancing the system's adaptability and teaching effectiveness.

[0040] In a preferred embodiment, this application can be further configured such that: the generation and updating of virtual connection status data and physical connection status data based on the connection operations performed by the user in the circuit schematic interface or the physical device layout interface specifically includes:

[0041] Based on the target circuit module, it is decomposed into N functional sub-circuit stages that are sequentially associated in circuit logic, where N≥2;

[0042] In the circuit schematic interface, only the components and connection points involved in the Kth sub-circuit stage that needs to be operated are highlighted, where the initial value of K is 1;

[0043] Verify whether the user's connection operation for the Kth sub-circuit stage is correct. If the verification is successful, set K=K+1 and unlock the Kth sub-circuit stage for the user to operate. Continue until all N stages are completed, thereby generating the complete virtual connection state data.

[0044] By adopting the above technical solution, the target circuit module is decomposed into multiple functional sub-circuit stages, simplifying complex circuits into logically coherent steps, reducing learning difficulty and avoiding information overload. The interface only highlights the components and connection points involved in the current stage, guiding users to focus on the current task, reducing operational interference, and improving attention and efficiency. By gradually verifying and unlocking sub-circuit stages, the learning process is ensured to be progressive, allowing users to gradually delve deeper after mastering the basics, enhancing learning confidence and completion rate, and ultimately generating complete connection status data, ensuring the systematic nature and accuracy of circuit connections.

[0045] In a preferred embodiment, this application can be further configured as follows: the step of comparing the virtual connection state data with a standard circuit model in real time, performing error diagnosis, and generating real-time guidance information based on the comparison results also includes:

[0046] When the user performs virtual connection and physical connection operations simultaneously, record the timestamp T1 when the user completes a correct connection in the circuit schematic interface and the timestamp T2 when the user completes the corresponding correct connection in the physical device layout interface.

[0047] Based on the timestamps T1 and T2, calculate the cognitive conversion delay of the user between virtual and physical operations;

[0048] If the cognitive conversion delay continues to exceed a preset delay threshold, it is determined that the user has difficulty understanding the connection between the virtual and the real world, and a special auxiliary instruction is triggered.

[0049] Execute the special auxiliary command to enhance the display of the mapping relationship between the currently operated virtual components and physical components in the interface, and demonstrate the principle logic of this part of the circuit in a slow animation loop.

[0050] By adopting the above technical solutions, and by recording the timestamps of virtual and physical operations and calculating the cognitive conversion delay, it is possible to quantify the user's understanding efficiency of the virtual-real connection and promptly identify learning obstacles; based on the delay threshold, it can determine the difficulty of understanding and trigger specific assistance, thus realizing intelligent intervention and preventing users from getting confused and giving up; by strengthening the display mapping relationship and slow-speed animation demonstration, it provides targeted visual assistance to help users break through cognitive bottlenecks, deepen their understanding of circuit principles, and improve the continuity and effectiveness of learning.

[0051] Secondly, the above-mentioned inventive objective of this application is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0052] A simulation teaching demonstration system for the electrical control of urban rail vehicles, comprising:

[0053] The user operation reading module is used to respond to user operations, load the target circuit module from the preset urban rail vehicle professional circuit module library, and simultaneously display the circuit schematic interface and physical equipment layout interface corresponding to the target circuit module; wherein, the circuit schematic interface includes virtual component symbols, and the physical equipment layout interface includes physical component images and wiring terminals that are mirrored 1:1 with the real equipment.

[0054] The connection status data generation module is used to generate and update virtual connection status data and physical connection status data based on the connection operations performed by the user in the circuit schematic interface or the physical device layout interface.

[0055] The user operation diagnostic module is used to compare the virtual connection status data with the standard circuit model in real time, perform error diagnosis, and generate real-time guidance information based on the comparison results; at the same time, it synchronously maps the virtual connection status data with the physical connection status data, and highlights the current connection path and status in the circuit schematic interface and the physical device layout interface with a consistent visual encoding method.

[0056] The simulation demonstration module is used to trigger a power-on simulation when the system detects that the circuit connection is complete and error-free, and to generate a dynamic demonstration animation based on the virtual connection status data, which visually displays the current path, signal flow and component operation process in the circuit schematic interface.

[0057] By adopting the above technical solution, the professionalism and authenticity of the teaching content are ensured by loading the target circuit module in response to user operations and simultaneously displaying the schematic diagram interface and the physical device layout interface. This makes the abstract circuit logic intuitively correspond to the specific physical devices, reducing the learning threshold for users. Based on user connection operations, virtual and physical connection status data are generated and updated, realizing real-time recording and status synchronization of the operation process, providing an accurate data foundation for subsequent diagnosis and simulation. By comparing the virtual connection status data with the standard model in real time for error diagnosis and generating real-time guidance information, user errors can be corrected promptly, avoiding error accumulation and improving learning efficiency. Simultaneously, by synchronously mapping and consistently visually encoding and highlighting the connection path and status, the user's understanding of the relationship between virtual and physical components is enhanced, reducing cognitive bias. When the circuit connection is complete and error-free, a power-on simulation is triggered, generating a dynamic demonstration animation that visually displays the current path and component actions, making abstract electrical concepts concrete, deepening the user's understanding of circuit principles, and improving teaching effectiveness and immersion.

[0058] In summary, this application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:

[0059] 1. By responding to user operations to load target circuit modules and simultaneously displaying the schematic diagram interface and physical device layout interface, the professionalism and authenticity of the teaching content are ensured, making abstract circuit logic intuitively correspond to specific physical devices and lowering the learning threshold for users. Based on user connection operations, virtual and physical connection status data are generated and updated, realizing real-time recording and status synchronization of the operation process, providing an accurate data foundation for subsequent diagnosis and simulation. By comparing virtual connection status data with the standard model in real time for error diagnosis and generating real-time guidance information, user errors can be corrected promptly, avoiding error accumulation and improving learning efficiency. Simultaneously, by synchronously mapping and consistently visually encoding to highlight connection paths and statuses, the user's understanding of the relationship between virtual and physical components is enhanced, reducing cognitive bias. When the circuit connection is complete and error-free, a power-on simulation is triggered, generating a dynamic demonstration animation that visually displays the current path and component actions, making abstract electrical concepts concrete, deepening the user's understanding of circuit principles, and improving teaching effectiveness and immersion.

[0060] 2. By monitoring the topology formed by connection operations in real time and extracting the feature vectors of connection relationships, complex circuit connections are abstracted into mathematical features, facilitating rapid and efficient processing and analysis. By calculating the similarity between the feature vectors and the standard model, and judging anomalies based on error diagnosis thresholds, the system achieves automated and accurate error identification, avoiding the subjectivity and delays of manual inspection. Through error location analysis, the system matches descriptions and correction strategies from the error knowledge base to generate real-time guidance information, providing specific and actionable feedback to help users quickly understand the cause of errors and correct them, shortening the learning curve and improving teaching efficiency.

[0061] 3. By analyzing virtual connection state data to construct a directed graph model, the circuit structure is transformed into a computable model, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the simulation process. Based on the directed graph model and simulation engine, the priority and direction of current flow are calculated, realizing a realistic simulation of circuit behavior, enabling users to understand the dynamic characteristics of current. Current animation is rendered in the form of dynamic particle flow and is positively correlated with current intensity, visualizing abstract electrical parameters and enhancing the intuitiveness and fun of teaching. Responding to state changes to drive component animation and synchronously update the physical interface provides multi-sensory feedback, helping users establish the connection between circuit logic and physical actions, and deepening their understanding of electrical control principles.

[0062] 4. By establishing a mapping table between virtual and physical components, the precise correspondence between virtual symbols and physical images is ensured, providing a reliable foundation for data synchronization. When virtual connection status data is updated, it is automatically converted into physical connection path data, achieving real-time consistency between virtual and physical states and avoiding operational disconnect and cognitive confusion. In the physical device layout interface, consistent visual coding is used to highlight connection paths, and correct and abnormal connections are distinguished by color, enabling users to intuitively and quickly identify status differences, strengthening the understanding of the combination of virtual and physical, and improving the accuracy of operation and user experience. Attached Figure Description

[0063] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a simulation teaching demonstration method for the electrical control of urban rail vehicles according to one embodiment of this application;

[0064] Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating the implementation of step S30 in a simulation teaching demonstration method for electrical control of urban rail vehicles according to an embodiment of this application.

[0065] Figure 3 This is another implementation flowchart of step S30 in the simulation teaching demonstration method for electrical control of urban rail vehicles in one embodiment of this application;

[0066] Figure 4 This is a flowchart illustrating the implementation of step S40 in a simulation teaching demonstration method for electrical control of urban rail vehicles according to an embodiment of this application.

[0067] Figure 5 This is another implementation flowchart of the simulation teaching demonstration method for the electrical control of urban rail vehicles in one embodiment of this application;

[0068] Figure 6 This is another implementation flowchart of the simulation teaching demonstration method for the electrical control of urban rail vehicles in one embodiment of this application;

[0069] Figure 7This is a flowchart illustrating the implementation of step S20 in a simulation teaching demonstration method for electrical control of urban rail vehicles according to an embodiment of this application.

[0070] Figure 8 This is another implementation flowchart of step S30 in the simulation teaching demonstration method for electrical control of urban rail vehicles in one embodiment of this application;

[0071] Figure 9 This is a principle block diagram of an urban rail vehicle electrical control simulation teaching demonstration system according to one embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0072] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0073] In one embodiment, such as Figure 1 As shown, this application discloses a simulation teaching demonstration method for the electrical control of urban rail vehicles, which specifically includes the following steps:

[0074] S10: In response to user operation, load the target circuit module from the preset urban rail vehicle professional circuit module library, and simultaneously display the circuit schematic interface and physical equipment layout interface corresponding to the target circuit module; wherein, the circuit schematic interface contains virtual component symbols, and the physical equipment layout interface contains physical component images and wiring terminals that are mirrored 1:1 with the real equipment.

[0075] In this embodiment, the urban rail vehicle specialized circuit module library is a pre-built database stored in the data service layer. It is specifically designed for the electrical system of urban rail vehicles and includes multiple typical functional circuit modules, such as pantograph control circuits, traction inverter circuits, auxiliary power supply circuits, and lighting control circuits. Each circuit module is associated with a standard circuit model, schematic diagram view, physical equipment view, and component list.

[0076] Specifically, after selecting the target circuit module through the user interaction layer, i.e. the graphical interface, the business logic layer responds to the user's operation and calls the corresponding circuit model and view data from the data service layer. The circuit schematic interface displays virtual components, such as relay coils, contacts, switches, indicator lights, etc., and their logical connections in the form of standard electrical symbols. The physical equipment layout interface uses high-resolution real equipment photos or 1:1 3D models for rendering, accurately displaying the appearance, installation position, and terminal number of components (such as physical relays, circuit breakers, and terminal blocks). The two interfaces are displayed synchronously through split-screen technology to ensure that users can observe the abstract circuit logic and the specific physical equipment at the same time.

[0077] Furthermore, in the physical equipment layout interface, when the user selects a component to be wired, the system will pop up a small prompt window on the right side of the component, displaying the contact distribution from the current viewpoint with a red contact indicator box. As the user rotates the component, the contact indicator box updates in real time, displaying the contact distribution after rotation, thereby assisting the user in accurately identifying and connecting the terminals. This function effectively reduces wiring errors caused by changes in viewing angle and improves the intuitiveness and accuracy of operation.

[0078] S20: Based on the connection operations performed by the user in the circuit schematic interface or the physical device layout interface, generate and update virtual connection status data and physical connection status data.

[0079] In this embodiment, the connection operation refers to the process by which a user simulates wire connection by dragging, clicking, or other means in any interface. Virtual connection status data is structured data used to describe the logical connection relationships between virtual components in the schematic diagram. Physical connection status data is corresponding data used to describe the physical connection relationships between terminals on the physical device interface.

[0080] Specifically, user operations are captured through an event listening mechanism. When a user connects the terminals of two virtual components in the schematic interface, the circuit simulation engine of the business logic layer updates the virtual connection status data in real time. This data is usually maintained in memory in the form of a graph structure or a connection relationship matrix. At the same time, the system automatically generates or updates the corresponding physical connection status data based on the pre-stored "virtual-physical mapping relationship table" and dynamically renders the corresponding physical connection path with highlighted lines in the physical device layout interface. Conversely, when the user operates in the physical interface, the system will also update the physical connection status data and synchronize it to the virtual connection status data.

[0081] S30: The virtual connection status data is compared with the standard circuit model in real time, error diagnosis is performed, and real-time guidance information is generated based on the comparison results; at the same time, the virtual connection status data is synchronously mapped with the physical connection status data, and the current connection path and status are highlighted in a consistent visual encoding manner in the circuit schematic interface and the physical device layout interface.

[0082] Specifically, this step includes two parallel core processes: error diagnosis and state synchronization mapping;

[0083] Error diagnosis process: The current user's virtual connection status data is continuously compared with the standard circuit model retrieved from the database in real time. The comparison algorithm includes, but is not limited to: checking the consistency of the topology, verifying whether the connection endpoints are correct, detecting short circuits and open circuits, etc. If an abnormal connection is found, error location analysis is immediately triggered, and the corresponding error description (such as "the coil terminal A1 of relay K1 is incorrectly connected to the positive power supply") and correction guidance strategy (such as "it is recommended to connect terminal A1 to the control signal output terminal X1.1") are matched from the preset error knowledge base. Finally, the error is pushed to the user in the form of text or voice prompts through the user interaction layer.

[0084] State synchronization mapping process: Based on the "virtual-physical mapping relationship table", each logical connection in the virtual connection state data is accurately converted into a physical connection path data in the physical device layout interface. Then, consistent visual encoding is used to highlight the connection in both interfaces: for example, the first color (such as green) is used to highlight the correctly connected path; the second color (such as red) is used to highlight the connection path that has discrepancies or is judged to be abnormal by error diagnosis.

[0085] S40: When the system detects that the circuit connection is complete and correct, it triggers power-on simulation and generates a dynamic demonstration animation based on the virtual connection status data, which visually displays the current path, signal flow and component operation process in the circuit schematic interface.

[0086] Specifically, the power-on simulation is driven by the circuit simulation engine in the business logic layer. Once it's confirmed that the current connection fully matches the standard model, the simulation is automatically triggered or triggered in response to user commands. It parses the complete virtual connection state data and constructs a directed graph model of the circuit, G=(V, E), where V represents the set of component nodes and E represents the set of wire connection edges. Subsequently, the simulation engine performs numerical calculations based on circuit laws (such as Kirchhoff's laws) to obtain the current, voltage, and other electrical parameters of each branch.

[0087] Current flow animation: The current path is rendered in the form of dynamic particle flow along the edge E of the directed graph model G. The density of the particle flow is positively correlated with the current intensity I obtained from the simulation calculation, and the direction is consistent with the actual direction of the current.

[0088] Component motion animation: In response to the logical state changes output by the simulation engine (such as the relay coil being energized), the corresponding virtual component symbols in the schematic diagram interface execute state switching animations (such as the relay contacts closing), and synchronously update the working status indications of the corresponding physical component images in the physical equipment layout interface (such as the relay status indicator light turning on).

[0089] Signal flow animation: For control circuits, different colored light flows or arrows are used to dynamically display the transmission path and logical relationship of control signals.

[0090] Furthermore, the power-on simulation supports interactive operations for trainees. Trainees can operate various switches and buttons in the physical equipment layout interface or the circuit schematic interface, such as turning switches on or off to change the circuit state. The system will respond to these operations in real time, update the circuit simulation state, and display it visually in the interface. For example, in the physical equipment interface, energized lines will be highlighted in red, and de-energized lines will be darkened. In the circuit schematic interface, energized lines will be displayed as a red dynamic particle flow, and de-energized lines will be darkened. At the same time, the component action process is updated synchronously with the physical interface. This interactive simulation allows trainees to observe various working states of the circuit through different operations, thereby gaining a deeper understanding of the circuit change principles corresponding to real vehicle operations and realizing an explicit display of the physical object and the principle.

[0091] In this embodiment, by responding to user operations to load the target circuit module and simultaneously displaying the schematic diagram interface and the physical device layout interface, the professionalism and authenticity of the teaching content are ensured, making the abstract circuit logic intuitively correspond to the specific physical devices and lowering the learning threshold for users. Based on user connection operations, virtual and physical connection status data are generated and updated, realizing real-time recording and status synchronization of the operation process, providing an accurate data foundation for subsequent diagnosis and simulation. By comparing the virtual connection status data with the standard model in real time for error diagnosis and generating real-time guidance information, user errors can be corrected promptly, avoiding error accumulation and improving learning efficiency. Simultaneously, by synchronously mapping and consistently visually encoding to highlight connection paths and statuses, the user's understanding of the relationship between virtual and physical components is enhanced, reducing cognitive bias. When the circuit connection is complete and error-free, a power-on simulation is triggered, generating a dynamic demonstration animation that visually displays the current path and component actions, concretizing abstract electrical concepts, deepening the user's understanding of circuit principles, and improving teaching effectiveness and immersion.

[0092] In one embodiment, such as Figure 2 As shown, in step S30, the virtual connection state data is compared with the standard circuit model in real time to perform error diagnosis, specifically including:

[0093] S31: Monitor the topology formed by connection operations in real time and extract the connection relationship feature vector F, where F = {f1,f2, ..., fn}, and fi represents the connection attribute of the i-th connection point, including the connection endpoint component ID and connection type.

[0094] In this embodiment, the feature vector F is a mathematical abstraction of the current circuit connection state, which facilitates rapid comparison with the standard model. The connection attributes include not only the start and end component IDs and terminal numbers of the connection, but also the connection type (such as power line, control line, ground line).

[0095] Specifically, the system monitors the user's operation sequence in real time. After each connection operation, it updates the circuit's topology (using a graph theory library such as NetworkX). Then, it extracts all connection points from the topology and generates a feature fi for each connection point, including the component ID (e.g., "K1:A1" represents terminal A1 of relay K1) and the connection type (e.g., "power" represents a power line). All features fi are combined to form a feature vector F, which is stored as an array for subsequent similarity calculations.

[0096] S32: Calculate the similarity between the connection relationship feature vector F and the feature vector F_std of the standard circuit model pre-stored in the database.

[0097] Specifically, similarity calculation uses methods such as cosine similarity or Euclidean distance to quantify the difference between the current connection and the standard model. The calculation formula is: Sim = Cosine(F, F_std). The closer this value is to 1, the more similar the user connection is to the standard circuit. Abnormal connections are quickly identified through comparison algorithms, providing data support for error diagnosis.

[0098] S33: If the similarity is lower than the preset error diagnosis threshold, it is determined to be a connection anomaly, and error localization analysis is initiated.

[0099] Specifically, the error diagnosis threshold is dynamically adjusted based on circuit complexity and teaching strategy. If Sim < T, it is determined that there is a connection anomaly, and the system will initiate a more refined error localization analysis, such as using the difference subgraph search algorithm in graph theory to accurately locate which one or more connections have a problem.

[0100] S34: Based on the error location analysis results, match the corresponding error description text and correction guidance strategy from the preset error knowledge base, generate the real-time guidance information and push it to the user interface.

[0101] Specifically, the error knowledge base is a structured database that stores various common error patterns and their corresponding guidance solutions, enabling intelligent teaching assistance. Based on the error location results, the error knowledge base can be queried. For example, if a relay coil is detected as not connected to power, the error description "relay coil not energized" is matched, and the correction guidance is "check that the coil terminals are connected to the power supply." Then, the guidance information is pushed to the user interface via an API interface, displayed in a prompt box or sidebar, and voice broadcast is supported.

[0102] In one embodiment, such as Figure 3 As shown, in step S30, the virtual connection state data and the physical connection state data are synchronized and mapped, specifically including:

[0103] S35: Establish a mapping table between virtual component symbols and physical component images. The mapping table records the virtual component ID, the corresponding physical component ID, and the terminal correspondence.

[0104] Specifically, the mapping table is the core of the virtual-real integration, linking virtual symbols with physical images through unique identifiers. For example, the virtual relay coil symbol ID "K1" corresponds to the physical relay image ID "RLY001", and terminals "A1" and "A2" are mapped one-to-one.

[0105] S36: When the virtual connection status data is updated, the virtual connection path is converted into the corresponding physical connection path data according to the mapping relationship table.

[0106] Specifically, when the virtual connection status data changes, the system iterates through all virtual connections and finds the corresponding physical components and terminals according to the mapping table. Then, it generates physical connection path data, including the start and end coordinates (based on the layout coordinate system of the physical interface), for visualization rendering.

[0107] S37: In the physical device layout interface, based on the physical connection path data, the correctly connected paths are highlighted with a first color, and the connection paths that differ from the virtual connection status data or are determined to be abnormal by error diagnosis are highlighted with a second color.

[0108] Specifically, after receiving the connection path data and its status (correct / incorrect), the visualization rendering layer calls the graphics API to draw it. For abnormal paths, in addition to using red, a flashing effect or a thicker line width may be used to further enhance the visual warning.

[0109] In one embodiment, such as Figure 4 As shown, in step S40, when the system detects that the circuit connection is complete and error-free, a power-on simulation is triggered, and a dynamic demonstration animation is generated based on the virtual connection state data, specifically including:

[0110] S41: Parse the virtual connection state data and construct a directed graph model of the circuit G=(V, E), where V represents the set of nodes corresponding to components and E represents the set of edges corresponding to wire connections.

[0111] Specifically, the graph structure data connected to the user and stored in memory is standardized and semantically enhanced, transforming it into a directed graph model required by the simulation engine. Each virtual component (such as a battery, resistor, relay coil, relay contact, and switch) is abstracted as a node. Node objects not only contain their unique ID but also carry key electrical parameter attributes, such as: the voltage value of the battery node, the resistance value of the resistor node, the rated voltage and internal resistance of the relay coil node, and the current state (on / off) of the switch node.

[0112] Furthermore, each user connection wire is abstracted as an edge in a directed graph. The direction of the edge can be preset initially based on circuit principles (e.g., starting from the positive terminal of the power supply) and dynamically updated during simulation based on calculation results.

[0113] The constructed directed graph G is a network model that is entirely based on actual user operations and contains complete electrical semantics, laying the foundation for subsequent numerical calculations.

[0114] S42: Based on the electrical parameters output by the directed graph model and the circuit simulation engine, calculate the flow priority and direction of current on each edge of the directed graph model.

[0115] Specifically, the simulation engine performs transient or steady-state analysis to calculate the current value of each branch, and the animation module determines the priority (e.g., the particle flow is denser in branches with larger currents) and direction of animation rendering accordingly.

[0116] S43: In the circuit schematic interface, along the edge E of the directed graph model G, a current flow animation is rendered in the form of a dynamic particle flow, wherein the density of the particle flow is positively correlated with the simulated current intensity.

[0117] Specifically, for each edge through which current flows, a particle emitter is created along its path. The direction of the particle flow strictly follows the current direction calculated in the simulation. For strong current paths (such as the main power supply circuit), particles are emitted frequently, forming a continuous, bright band of light; for weak current paths (such as signal indicator circuits), particles are sparse, resulting in a softer visual effect. This allows students to intuitively distinguish between primary and secondary energy channels in the circuit. In addition, particle color can also be used to encode information, such as using red to represent high current and green to represent normal current, further enhancing the visualization effect.

[0118] S44: In response to changes in the circuit logic state, drive the corresponding virtual component symbols in the circuit schematic interface to perform state switching animations, and synchronously update the working status indications of the corresponding physical component images in the physical device layout interface.

[0119] Specifically, when the switch is closed in the simulation, the switch symbol in the schematic diagram will animate to change to the closed state, and the switch image in the physical diagram will also be updated, possibly accompanied by sound effects, creating an immersive learning experience.

[0120] In one embodiment, such as Figure 5 As shown, the simulation teaching demonstration method for urban rail vehicle electrical control also includes:

[0121] S50: Record user behavior data during the operation process, including the type of error triggered, the number of errors that occurred, and the time taken to complete the connection.

[0122] Specifically, at the start of a user session, a separate behavior log file is created for the user. Each time the error diagnosis module is triggered, the error code, the specific location where the error occurred (component ID, terminal number), and the timestamp are recorded. The start and end times of each user connection operation are also recorded, thereby calculating the total time taken to complete each connection, each sub-stage, and even the entire circuit.

[0123] S60: Based on recorded behavioral data, construct a user capability assessment model and calculate the user's overall mastery score.

[0124] Specifically, the evaluation model can use a weighted scoring method. The formula for calculating the overall mastery score (Score) is: Score = α * (1 - N_error / N_total) + β * (T_base / T_user) + γ * C_completion, where N_error is the total number of erroneous connections, N_total is the total number of standard connections, α is the weight of the error rate; T_user is the actual user time, T_base is the baseline time, β is the weight of time efficiency; C_completion is the completion degree (0 or 1), and γ is the weight of the completion degree.

[0125] S70: Based on the comprehensive mastery score and the specific error type distribution, generate a personalized learning assessment report, which includes an analysis of knowledge gaps and suggestions for subsequent learning.

[0126] Specifically, cluster analysis is performed on error types to identify users' knowledge gaps. For example, if a user frequently makes the error of "misconnecting the control signal line to the power supply", the system will determine that the user has a weakness in "identifying the control circuit and the power circuit". The report may indicate that "the user has a high error rate in connecting the self-locking circuit and it is recommended to review the chapter on 'relay self-locking principle' and do specific exercises".

[0127] In one embodiment, such as Figure 6As shown, before step S10, that is, before responding to user operations, loading the target circuit module from the preset urban rail vehicle professional circuit module library, and simultaneously displaying the circuit schematic interface and physical equipment layout interface corresponding to the target circuit module, the urban rail vehicle electrical control simulation teaching demonstration method further includes:

[0128] S101: Retrieve the user's ability level identifier based on user input, and dynamically select and recommend a suitable initial teaching circuit module from the preset urban rail vehicle professional circuit module library based on the user's ability level identifier.

[0129] Specifically, when a user registers or logs in, the system assesses their skill level (e.g., beginner, intermediate, advanced) using a questionnaire or historical data. Then, based on the skill level label (e.g., "beginner"), it filters matching modules (e.g., simple lighting circuits) from the circuit module library. The recommendation algorithm is based on collaborative filtering or a rule engine to ensure that the module difficulty is appropriate for the user's skill level.

[0130] S102: Based on the complexity of the initial teaching circuit module and the teaching focus, select a target teaching strategy from a set of preset teaching strategies.

[0131] Specifically, the teaching strategy library contains different strategies (such as "step-by-step guidance" and "free exploration"). The system selects the target strategy (e.g., "step-by-step guidance" for beginner modules) based on module complexity (e.g., number of components) and teaching focus (e.g., safety regulations). Strategy selection is achieved through a decision tree, and the parameters are configurable.

[0132] S103: Determine the error diagnosis threshold and the detail level of the connection prompts based on the target teaching strategy.

[0133] Specifically, the error diagnosis threshold and the level of detail in prompts are dynamically adjusted based on the strategy. For example, under the "step-by-step guidance" strategy, the threshold is set to 0.95 (strict), and the level of detail in prompts is set to high (prompts are provided at every step); under the "free exploration" strategy, the threshold is set to 0.8 (lenient), and the level of detail in prompts is set to low. Parameters are managed through configuration files and take effect in real time.

[0134] In one embodiment, such as Figure 7 As shown, in step S20, based on the connection operations performed by the user in the circuit schematic interface or the physical device layout interface, virtual connection status data and physical connection status data are generated and updated, specifically including:

[0135] S21: Based on the target circuit module, decompose it into N functional sub-circuit stages that are sequentially associated in circuit logic, where N≥2.

[0136] Specifically, the module is decomposed into sub-circuit stages (such as power supply stage, control stage, and execution stage) based on circuit function. The decomposition is based on circuit topology and logical dependencies, with each stage containing a specific group of components, and the stage sequence is represented by a directed acyclic graph.

[0137] S22: In the circuit schematic interface, only the components and connection points involved in the Kth sub-circuit stage that needs to be operated are highlighted, where the initial value of K is 1.

[0138] Specifically, the interface uses visual highlighting techniques (such as highlighting borders and semi-transparent non-current elements) to only display the components involved in stage K. Highlighting is achieved through CSS classes or graphic properties. The value of K is maintained by the system, initially set to 1, and updated as the progress progresses.

[0139] S23: Verify whether the user's connection operation for the Kth sub-circuit stage is correct. If the verification is successful, set K=K+1 and unlock the Kth sub-circuit stage for the user to operate, until all N stages are completed, thereby generating the complete virtual connection state data.

[0140] Specifically, the connection of stage K is verified in real time (by comparing it with the standard model of the sub-circuit). After successful verification, the K value is incremented, and the next stage is unlocked (e.g., by enabling interactive elements in the interface). The stage completion data is recorded and finally integrated into complete virtual connection state data.

[0141] In one embodiment, such as Figure 8 As shown, step S30, which generates real-time guidance information, also includes:

[0142] S301: When the user performs virtual connection and physical connection operations simultaneously, record the timestamp T1 when the user completes a correct connection on the circuit schematic interface and the timestamp T2 when the user completes the corresponding correct connection on the physical device layout interface.

[0143] Specifically, when the user performs virtual connection and physical connection operations simultaneously, the timestamp T1 of the user completing a correct connection in the circuit schematic interface and the timestamp T2 of the user completing the corresponding correct connection in the physical device layout interface are recorded.

[0144] S302: Based on the timestamps T1 and T2, calculate the cognitive conversion delay of the user between virtual and physical operations.

[0145] Specifically, based on the timestamps T1 and T2, the cognitive conversion delay Δt = |T2 - T1| between virtual and physical operations is calculated.

[0146] S303: If the cognitive conversion delay continues to exceed the preset delay threshold, it is determined that the user has difficulty understanding the connection between the virtual and the real world, and a special auxiliary instruction is triggered.

[0147] Specifically, if the cognitive conversion delay Δt consistently exceeds a preset delay threshold, it is determined that the user has difficulty understanding the connection between the virtual and real worlds, and a specific auxiliary instruction is triggered.

[0148] S304: Execute the special auxiliary instruction to enhance the display of the mapping relationship between the currently operated virtual components and physical components in the interface, and demonstrate the principle logic of this part of the circuit in a slow animation loop.

[0149] Specifically, enhanced displays highlight mapping relationships using magnifying glass effects or connecting animations. Slow-motion animations use low frame rates for looping playback (e.g., 2x slow speed) and allow users to rewatch them via control buttons to aid understanding.

[0150] It should be understood that the sequence number of each step in the above embodiments does not imply the order of execution. The execution order of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not constitute any limitation on the implementation process of the embodiments of this application.

[0151] In one embodiment, a simulation teaching demonstration system for the electrical control of urban rail vehicles is provided, which corresponds one-to-one with the simulation teaching demonstration method for the electrical control of urban rail vehicles described in the above embodiments. For example... Figure 8 As shown, the urban rail vehicle electrical control simulation teaching demonstration system includes a user operation reading module, a connection status data generation module, a user operation diagnosis module, and a simulation demonstration module. Detailed descriptions of each functional module are as follows:

[0152] The user operation reading module is used to respond to user operations, load the target circuit module from the preset urban rail vehicle professional circuit module library, and simultaneously display the circuit schematic interface and physical equipment layout interface corresponding to the target circuit module; wherein, the circuit schematic interface includes virtual component symbols, and the physical equipment layout interface includes physical component images and wiring terminals that are mirrored 1:1 with the real equipment.

[0153] The connection status data generation module is used to generate and update virtual connection status data and physical connection status data based on the connection operations performed by the user in the circuit schematic interface or the physical device layout interface.

[0154] The user operation diagnostic module is used to compare the virtual connection status data with the standard circuit model in real time, perform error diagnosis, and generate real-time guidance information based on the comparison results; at the same time, it synchronously maps the virtual connection status data with the physical connection status data, and highlights the current connection path and status in the circuit schematic interface and the physical device layout interface with a consistent visual encoding method.

[0155] The simulation demonstration module is used to trigger a power-on simulation when the system detects that the circuit connection is complete and error-free, and to generate a dynamic demonstration animation based on the virtual connection status data, which visually displays the current path, signal flow and component operation process in the circuit schematic interface.

[0156] Specific limitations regarding the urban rail vehicle electrical control simulation teaching demonstration system can be found in the above-mentioned limitations on the urban rail vehicle electrical control simulation teaching demonstration method, and will not be repeated here. Each module in the aforementioned urban rail vehicle electrical control simulation teaching demonstration system can be implemented entirely or partially through software, hardware, or a combination thereof. These modules can be embedded in the processor of the electronic device in hardware form or independently of the processor, or stored in the memory of the electronic device in software form, so that the processor can call and execute the corresponding operations of each module.

[0157] Those skilled in the art will understand that all or part of the processes in the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by a computer program instructing related hardware. The computer program can be stored in a non-volatile computer-readable storage medium. When executed, the computer program can include the processes of the embodiments of the above methods. Any references to memory, storage, databases, or other media used in the embodiments provided in this application can include non-volatile and / or volatile memory. Non-volatile memory may include read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), electrically programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory may include random access memory (RAM) or external cache memory. By way of illustration and not limitation, RAM is available in a variety of forms, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), dual data rate SDRAM (DDRSDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchronous link DRAM (SLDRAM), RAMbus direct RAM (RDRAM), direct memory bus dynamic RAM (DRDRAM), and memory bus dynamic RAM (RDRAM), etc.

[0158] Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that, for the sake of convenience and brevity, the above-described division of functional units and modules is used as an example. In practical applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional units and modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional units or modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.

[0159] The above-described embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this application, and are not intended to limit them. Although this application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and should all be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A simulation teaching demonstration method for the electrical control of urban rail vehicles, characterized in that, The simulation teaching demonstration method for the electrical control of urban rail vehicles includes the following steps: In response to user operation, the system loads the target circuit module from the pre-set urban rail vehicle professional circuit module library and simultaneously displays the circuit schematic interface and physical equipment layout interface corresponding to the target circuit module. The circuit schematic interface contains virtual component symbols, and the physical equipment layout interface contains physical component images and wiring terminals that are mirrored 1:1 with the real equipment. Based on the connection operations performed by the user in the circuit schematic interface or the physical device layout interface, virtual connection status data and physical connection status data are generated and updated. The virtual connection status data is compared with the standard circuit model in real time to perform error diagnosis and generate real-time guidance information based on the comparison results. At the same time, the virtual connection status data is synchronously mapped with the physical connection status data, and the current connection path and status are highlighted in a consistent visual encoding manner in the circuit schematic interface and the physical device layout interface. When the system detects that the circuit connection is complete and correct, it triggers a power-on simulation and generates a dynamic demonstration animation based on the virtual connection status data. The current path, signal flow, and component operation process are then visually displayed in the circuit schematic interface.

2. The urban rail vehicle electrical control simulation teaching demonstration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of comparing the virtual connection state data with the standard circuit model in real time and performing error diagnosis specifically includes: Real-time monitoring of the topology formed by connection operations, extraction of connection relationship feature vector F, where F = {f1, f2,..., fn}, fi represents the connection attribute of the i-th connection point, including connection endpoint component ID and connection type; The similarity between the connection relationship feature vector F and the feature vector F_std of the standard circuit model pre-stored in the database is calculated. If the similarity is lower than the preset error diagnosis threshold, it is determined to be a connection anomaly, and error localization analysis is initiated. Based on the error location analysis results, the corresponding error description text and correction guidance strategy are matched from the preset error knowledge base to generate the real-time guidance information and push it to the user interface.

3. The urban rail vehicle electrical control simulation teaching demonstration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of synchronizing and mapping the virtual connection state data with the physical connection state data specifically includes: A mapping table is established between virtual component symbols and physical component images. The mapping table records the virtual component ID, the corresponding physical component ID, and the terminal correspondence. When the virtual connection status data is updated, the virtual connection path is converted into the corresponding physical connection path data according to the mapping table; In the physical device layout interface, based on the physical connection path data, the correctly connected paths are highlighted with a first color, and the connection paths that differ from the virtual connection status data or are determined to be abnormal by error diagnosis are highlighted with a second color.

4. The urban rail vehicle electrical control simulation teaching demonstration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, When the system detects that the circuit connection is complete and error-free, it triggers a power-on simulation and generates a dynamic demonstration animation based on the virtual connection status data, specifically including: The virtual connection state data is parsed to construct a directed graph model of the circuit, G=(V, E), where V represents the set of nodes corresponding to components and E represents the set of edges corresponding to wire connections. Based on the electrical parameters output by the directed graph model and the circuit simulation engine, the flow priority and direction of current on each edge of the directed graph model are calculated. In the circuit schematic interface, along the edge E of the directed graph model G, a current flow animation is rendered in the form of a dynamic particle flow, wherein the density of the particle flow is positively correlated with the simulated current intensity. In response to changes in the circuit logic state, the corresponding virtual component symbols in the circuit schematic interface are driven to perform state switching animations, and the working status indications of the corresponding physical component images in the physical device layout interface are updated synchronously.

5. The urban rail vehicle electrical control simulation teaching demonstration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The urban rail vehicle electrical control simulation teaching demonstration method also includes: Record user behavior data during the operation process, including the type of error triggered, the number of errors that occurred, and the time taken to complete the connection; Based on recorded behavioral data, a user ability assessment model is constructed to calculate the user's overall mastery score. Based on the overall mastery score and the specific error type distribution, a personalized learning assessment report is generated, which includes an analysis of knowledge gaps and suggestions for subsequent learning.

6. The urban rail vehicle electrical control simulation teaching demonstration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Before responding to user operations, loading the target circuit module from a pre-set urban rail vehicle professional circuit module library, and simultaneously displaying the circuit schematic interface and physical equipment layout interface corresponding to the target circuit module, the urban rail vehicle electrical control simulation teaching demonstration method further includes: Based on user input, the user's ability level identifier is retrieved. Based on the user's ability level identifier, a suitable initial teaching circuit module is dynamically selected and recommended from the pre-set urban rail vehicle professional circuit module library. Based on the complexity of the initial teaching circuit module and the teaching focus, select a target teaching strategy from a set of preset teaching strategies. Based on the stated target teaching strategy, determine the error diagnosis threshold and the detail level of the connection prompts.

7. The urban rail vehicle electrical control simulation teaching demonstration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of generating and updating virtual connection status data and physical connection status data based on connection operations performed by the user in the circuit schematic interface or the physical device layout interface specifically includes: Based on the target circuit module, it is decomposed into N functional sub-circuit stages that are sequentially associated in circuit logic, where N≥2; In the circuit schematic interface, only the components and connection points involved in the Kth sub-circuit stage that needs to be operated are highlighted, where the initial value of K is 1; Verify whether the user's connection operation for the Kth sub-circuit stage is correct. If the verification is successful, set K=K+1 and unlock the Kth sub-circuit stage for the user to operate. Continue until all N stages are completed, thereby generating the complete virtual connection state data.

8. The urban rail vehicle electrical control simulation teaching demonstration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of comparing the virtual connection state data with the standard circuit model in real time, performing error diagnosis, and generating real-time guidance information based on the comparison results also includes: When the user performs virtual connection and physical connection operations simultaneously, record the timestamp T1 when the user completes a correct connection in the circuit schematic interface and the timestamp T2 when the user completes the corresponding correct connection in the physical device layout interface. Based on the timestamps T1 and T2, calculate the cognitive conversion delay of the user between virtual and physical operations; If the cognitive conversion delay continues to exceed a preset delay threshold, it is determined that the user has difficulty understanding the connection between the virtual and the real world, and a special auxiliary instruction is triggered. Execute the special auxiliary command to enhance the display of the mapping relationship between the currently operated virtual components and physical components in the interface, and demonstrate the principle logic of this part of the circuit in a slow animation loop.

9. A simulation teaching demonstration system for the electrical control of urban rail vehicles, characterized in that, The urban rail vehicle electrical control simulation teaching demonstration system includes: The user operation reading module is used to respond to user operations, load the target circuit module from the preset urban rail vehicle professional circuit module library, and simultaneously display the circuit schematic interface and physical equipment layout interface corresponding to the target circuit module; wherein, the circuit schematic interface includes virtual component symbols, and the physical equipment layout interface includes physical component images and wiring terminals that are mirrored 1:1 with the real equipment. The connection status data generation module is used to generate and update virtual connection status data and physical connection status data based on the connection operations performed by the user in the circuit schematic interface or the physical device layout interface. The user operation diagnostic module is used to compare the virtual connection status data with the standard circuit model in real time, perform error diagnosis, and generate real-time guidance information based on the comparison results; at the same time, it synchronously maps the virtual connection status data with the physical connection status data, and highlights the current connection path and status in the circuit schematic interface and the physical device layout interface with a consistent visual encoding method. The simulation demonstration module is used to trigger a power-on simulation when the system detects that the circuit connection is complete and error-free, and to generate a dynamic demonstration animation based on the virtual connection status data, which visually displays the current path, signal flow and component operation process in the circuit schematic interface.

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