Semi-hip replacement surgery simulation device

Abstract

The invention discloses a semi-hip replacement surgery simulation device, and belongs to the field of orthopedic surgery auxiliary tools. In order to solve the problems that an existing universal clamp is not attached in clamping, vibration is large in the operation, and a bone mold is prone to loosening, the device comprises a hip bone base, a hip bone clamp support and a hip bone clamp. The hip bone clamp support is fixed to the hip bone base, the hip bone clamp comprises a lower clamping block and an upper clamping block, the lower clamping block is installed on the clamp support, and the upper clamping block is detachably connected with the lower clamping block through a quick release structure; a lower profiling block and an upper profiling block which are matched with the hip bone are arranged on the corresponding sides of the lower clamping block and the upper clamping block respectively. According to the device, the profiling blocks are precisely attached to the hip bone, the contact area is increased, stress is uniformly dispersed, and vibration is effectively reduced; the quick release structure realizes quick clamping of the bone mold, guarantees the clamping stability, avoids displacement after multiple times of clamping, and improves the simulation precision. The device is simple in structure and convenient to operate, and provides reliable support for preoperative planning and operation training.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of orthopedic surgical aids, specifically to a simulation device for hemiarthroplasty. Background Technology

[0002] Hemiarthroplasty is an important surgical procedure for treating hip joint diseases such as intertrochanteric fractures of the femur in the elderly. Its success depends heavily on precise preoperative planning and intraoperative manipulation. To reduce clinical surgical risks and improve success rates, surgical simulation devices have become crucial tools in orthopedics. By recreating the patient's hip joint anatomy, they help surgeons anticipate surgical challenges and optimize procedures. Currently, in existing hemiarthroplasty surgical simulation devices and related orthopedic surgical simulation equipment, the fixation of the hip bone model generally employs a universal clamp design. These universal clamps, due to their versatility in adapting to various bone model morphologies, were widely used in the early development of simulation devices. Their core function is to fix the hip bone model using bolt locking or snap-fit ​​methods, resulting in a simple structure and low manufacturing cost.

[0003] However, in practical applications, the design flaws of universal clamps have gradually become apparent, becoming a key issue affecting the accuracy and reliability of simulation devices: First, the clamping surfaces of universal clamps are standardized structures, which cannot precisely conform to the personalized anatomical contours of the hip bone model, resulting in a small clamping contact area and uneven stress distribution. Under this poor contact condition, the operating forces and instrument collisions during surgical simulation will cause the device to vibrate, and the vibration energy cannot be effectively dissipated through the contact surface, thus forming a resonance effect and aggravating the vibration amplitude during surgery; Second, the interaction between vibration impact and poor contact can easily lead to loosening and displacement of the hip bone model. Especially after multiple clamping or long-term simulation operations, the loosening problem becomes more obvious. This not only damages the relative positional accuracy of the hip and femur models, but also increases the simulation error of key surgical parameters such as the acetabular cup abduction angle and anteversion angle, resulting in a serious deviation from the actual clinical surgical scenario. Thirdly, the loosening and vibration of the bone model will have a chain of negative effects. It will not only fail to provide doctors with accurate preoperative planning references, but also reduce the authenticity of surgical training. It may even mislead clinical operations due to the distortion of simulation data, increasing the risk of postoperative complications such as joint instability and lower limb length discrepancy.

[0004] Although existing technologies include specialized simulation devices for hip surgery, some employing 3D printing to recreate the patient's lesion structure to enhance simulation realism or optimizing the support structure to improve overall stability, none address the core challenges of hip fixation. Issues such as vibration and bone model loosening caused by universal clamps remain unresolved. Furthermore, with the application of digital 3D reconstruction technology in hemiarthroplasty, the precision requirements for simulation devices in preoperative planning have increased, and the deficiencies of existing universal clamps have severely limited the clinical application value of simulation devices.

[0005] Therefore, developing a simulation device for hemiarthroplasty that can solve the problems of significant vibration and easy loosening of bone models in general clamps, and achieve stable clamping and precise positioning of hip bone models, has become an urgent technical need to be addressed in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The main objective of this invention is to provide a simulation device for hemiarthroplasty, which aims to solve the technical problems of significant vibration and easy loosening of bone molds in existing hemiarthroplasty simulation devices.

[0007] To achieve the aforementioned objectives, the first aspect of this invention provides a simulation device for hemiarthroplasty, comprising: Hip base; A hip splint bracket is fixedly installed on the hip base; A hip splint includes a lower splint and an upper splint, the lower splint being mounted on the hip splint bracket, and the upper splint being detachably connected to the lower splint via a quick-release structure; The lower clamping block has a lower contour block adapted to the lower side of the hip bone on the side facing the upper clamping block; the upper clamping block has an upper contour block adapted to the upper side of the hip bone on the side facing the lower clamping block.

[0008] Furthermore, the lower clamping block is provided with a first recess, and the lower contour block is provided with a first protrusion that matches the first recess. The first protrusion of the lower contour block is embedded in the first recess of the lower clamping block and is fastened by screws. The upper clamping block is provided with a second recess, and the upper contour block is provided with a second protrusion that matches the second recess. The second protrusion of the upper contour block is embedded in the second recess of the upper clamping block and is fastened with screws.

[0009] Furthermore, the quick-release structure includes at least two columns and a nut. The columns are fixed to the side of the lower clamping block facing the upper clamping block. The end of the column away from the lower clamping block is provided with a threaded rod with a diameter smaller than the column. The threaded rod passes through the upper clamping block and is used to connect the nut.

[0010] Furthermore, the hip splint bracket includes a first fixing block, a second fixing block, a first support rod, a second support rod, and a fixing rod; The first fixing block and the second fixing block are fixed to the hip bone base; The first support rod is fixed to the first fixing block; the second support rod is fixed to the second fixing block; wherein the length of the first support rod is shorter than the length of the second support rod. One end of the fixing rod is fixed to the top of the first support rod, and the other end is fixed to the top of the second support rod; The lower clamping block is fixedly installed on the fixing rod.

[0011] Furthermore, the hemiarthroplasty simulation device also includes: Femoral base; The support frame is fixed to the femoral base; A femoral support, one end of which is pivotally connected to the femoral base, and the other end is detachably connected to the support frame; A femoral clamp is mounted on the femoral support.

[0012] Furthermore, the support frame includes two supports, and the bottom sides of the two support frames are provided with bosses of the same height; The two support frames are provided with opposing through holes for passing through the fixing shaft to position the femoral support.

[0013] Furthermore, the hemiarthroplasty simulation device also includes: The first bearing seat and the second bearing seat are respectively disposed at both ends of the support frame; The third axle is mounted on the femoral base; The fixed shaft passes through the through hole and is connected to the first shaft seat; the second shaft seat and the third shaft seat are pivotally connected by a rotating shaft.

[0014] Furthermore, a butterfly spring is provided between the second and third bearing seats, and the butterfly spring is sleeved on the rotating shaft.

[0015] Furthermore, the femoral support has multiple parallel sliding tracks along the length direction in which the femur is placed; The femoral clamp comprises at least two, each disposed on a different slide.

[0016] Furthermore, the femoral clip includes: A slider is connected to a fastening screw that passes through the bottom of the slide rail. The gripper is connected to the slider by rotating the screw, which passes through the bottom of the slide and continues through the slider.

[0017] The hip replacement surgery simulation device of the present invention, by optimizing the design of the hip bone fixation structure, specifically addresses the core pain points of the universal clamps in the prior art, and has the following significant beneficial effects: Significantly improved clamping stability and vibration resistance: The lower and upper contour blocks are precisely adapted to the personalized anatomical contours of the lower and upper sides of the hip bone, respectively. Compared to the standardized clamping surfaces of existing universal clamps, this significantly increases the clamping contact area, allowing clamping stress to be evenly distributed on the hip bone surface. This conformal clamping structure effectively dissipates vibration energy generated by instrument operation and collisions during surgical simulation, avoiding resonance effects and fundamentally reducing intraoperative vibration amplitude, thus solving the technical problem of significant vibration in existing devices.

[0018] To prevent loosening and displacement of the bone model and ensure positioning accuracy: The close fit between the protruding block and the hip bone, combined with the locking action of the quick-release structure, forms a comprehensive, enveloping fixation of the hip bone model. Even after multiple clamping operations or prolonged simulations, it effectively prevents the hip bone model from loosening or shifting. This design ensures the relative positional accuracy of the hip and femoral models, avoiding simulation errors in key surgical parameters such as the acetabular cup abduction angle and anteversion angle, and providing a precise anatomical benchmark for preoperative planning and surgical training.

[0019] Simplified operation process and improved efficiency: The upper and lower clamping blocks are detachably connected by a quick-release structure, allowing for quick clamping and disassembly of the hip bone model without additional tools. Compared with the complex bolt locking method in existing technologies, this significantly shortens the bone model replacement time, meets the actual needs of rapid simulation of multiple cases in clinical preoperative planning, and improves the ease of use and efficiency of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a hemiarthroplasty simulation device according to an embodiment of the present invention when the femur is in the normal position during use; Figure 2 This is an exploded schematic diagram of a hip bone base and its connecting structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the femoral base and its connecting structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is an exploded schematic diagram of a femoral support and its connection structure according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a comparative diagram of three states of the femur during use of the hemiarthroplasty simulation device according to an embodiment of the present invention: normal position, flat position, and dislocation.

[0021] in: 11-Hip base; 12-Hip clamp bracket; 121-First fixation block; 122-Second fixation block; 123-First support rod; 124-Second support rod; 125-Fixed rod; 13-Hip clamp; 131-Lower clamp; 132-Upper clamp; 134-Lower contour block; 135-Upper contour block; 14-Post; 141-Threaded rod; 15-Nut; 21-Femoral base; 22-Support frame; 221-Boss; 222-Through hole; 223-Fixing shaft; 23-Femoral clamp; 231-Slider; 232-Gripper; 2321-Clamping block; 2322-Screw; 2323-Handle; 233-Rotating screw; 234-Fastening screw; 24-Femoral support; 241-Slide rail; 25-First shaft seat; 26-Second shaft seat; 27-Third shaft seat; 28-Rotating shaft; 29-Butterfly spring; 31-Hips; 41-Femur.

[0022] The realization of the objective, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Detailed Implementation

[0023] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

[0024] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," and "counterclockwise," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of the invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the stated features. In the description of this invention, "a plurality of" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0025] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "joining" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention according to the specific circumstances.

[0026] In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, "above" or "below" the second feature can include direct contact between the first and second features, or contact between the first and second features through another feature between them. Furthermore, "above," "over," and "on top" of the second feature includes the first feature directly above or diagonally above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a higher horizontal level than the second feature. "Below," "below," and "under" the second feature includes the first feature directly below or diagonally below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is at a lower horizontal level than the second feature.

[0027] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 An embodiment of the present invention provides a simulation device for hemiarthroplasty, comprising: a hip bone base 11; a hip bone clamp bracket 12, fixedly mounted on the hip bone base 11; and a hip bone clamp 13, comprising a lower clamp block 131 and an upper clamp block 132, wherein the lower clamp block 131 is mounted on the hip bone clamp bracket 12, and the upper clamp block 132 is detachably connected to the lower clamp block 131 via a quick-release structure; wherein, the lower clamp block 131 has a lower contour block 134 adapted to the lower side of the hip bone 31 on the side facing the upper clamp block 132; and the upper clamp block 132 has an upper contour block 135 adapted to the upper side of the hip bone 31 on the side facing the lower clamp block 131.

[0028] The aforementioned quick-release structure is a connection structure designed to enable quick assembly and disassembly of the upper clamping block 132 and the lower clamping block 131, aiming to simplify the clamping process of the hip bone 31 model and complete fixation and disassembly without complicated tools; the lower contour block 134 is a fitting component customized according to the personalized anatomical contour of the lower side of the human hip bone 31, while the upper contour block 135 is precisely matched with the upper contour of the hip bone 31. Both are made of elastic and wear-resistant engineering plastic, which ensures a tight fit and avoids damage to the bone model.

[0029] The hip base 11 is made of high-strength materials, such as aluminum alloy, which provides stable support for the entire hip fixation structure and ensures no displacement during simulated surgery. The hip clamp bracket 12 is fastened to the pre-set mounting surface of the hip base 11 by high-strength bolts. The mounting surface is precision ground with a flatness error of no more than 0.02mm to ensure the mounting accuracy of the bracket. The lower clamping block 131 is fixed to the fixing rod 125 of the hip clamp bracket 12 by screws. The upper clamping block 132 is detachably connected to the lower clamping block 131 by means of a quick-release structure to achieve quick clamping of the hip 31 model. In this embodiment, the precise fit design of the upper profiling block 135, the lower profiling block 134, and the hip bone 31 significantly improves clamping stability. The lower profiling block 134 and the upper profiling block 135 completely conform to the upper and lower surfaces of the hip bone 31, with uniform stress distribution. This effectively dissipates the vibration energy generated by instrument operation and collision during surgical simulation, avoiding resonance effects and fundamentally solving the problem of significant vibration in existing technologies. Secondly, it prevents the bone model from loosening and shifting. The conforming clamping structure forms an all-round wrapping force, ensuring that the hip bone 31 model can maintain its initial position even after repeated clamping or long-term simulation operations. First, it ensures the relative positional accuracy of the hip bone 31 and femur 41 models, keeping the simulation error of key surgical parameters such as acetabular cup abduction angle and anteversion angle within ±1°, providing doctors with accurate preoperative planning references. Second, it simplifies the operation process; the quick-release structure requires no additional tools, allowing doctors to complete the assembly and disassembly of the hip bone 31 model in a short time, meeting the needs of rapid simulation of multiple clinical cases. Third, it has strong adaptability; the profiling blocks can be customized according to the CT / MRI image data of different patients, matching hip bone 31 models of different body types and lesion conditions, expanding the applicability of the device and improving its clinical practicality.

[0030] In one embodiment, the lower clamping block 131 is provided with a first recess, and the lower contour block 134 is provided with a first protrusion adapted to the first recess. The first protrusion of the lower contour block 134 is embedded in the first recess of the lower clamping block 131 and is fastened by screws. The upper clamping block 132 is provided with a second recess, and the upper contour block 135 is provided with a second protrusion adapted to the second recess. The second protrusion of the upper contour block 135 is embedded in the second recess of the upper clamping block 132 and is fastened by screws.

[0031] The first recess is a groove on the side of the lower clamping block 131 facing the upper clamping block 132, which forms a precise fit with the first protrusion; the first protrusion is a boss on the lower profile block 134 corresponding to the first recess; the second recess and the second protrusion are respectively the fitting structures on the upper clamping block 132 and the upper profile block 135, and the design logic is consistent with the first recess and the first protrusion; the screws used are M4 countersunk hexagonal screws to ensure that the screw head does not protrude from the surface of the clamping block or the profile block, so as to avoid interfering with the clamping of the hip bone 31.

[0032] like Figure 2 As shown, the first recess of the lower clamping block 131 is formed by CNC milling, and the first protrusion of the lower contour block 134 is made by molding. The gap between the two is controlled at 0.02-0.05mm to achieve precise fitting. During assembly, the first protrusion of the lower contour block 134 is first inserted into the first recess of the lower clamping block 131 to complete the pre-positioning. Then, two symmetrically distributed countersunk screws are used to pass through the threaded holes of the first protrusion from the side of the lower clamping block 131 to ensure a firm connection. The assembly process of the upper contour block 135 and the upper clamping block 132 is the same as above. This concave-convex fit + screw fastening structure not only achieves precise positioning of the contour blocks, but also strengthens the connection strength and avoids relative displacement between the contour blocks and the clamping blocks. In this embodiment, the connection method between the profiling block and the clamping block serves several purposes: First, it solves the problem of profiling block displacement. The concave-convex mating structure forms a circumferential limit, while the screw provides axial fixation. This dual protection ensures that the profiling block remains displacement during high-intensity simulated surgery, guaranteeing clamping accuracy. Second, it reduces usage costs. The profiling block and clamping block are detachably connected. When it is necessary to adapt to different patients' hip bone 31 models, only the corresponding profiling block needs to be replaced, without replacing the entire hip bone clamp 13, significantly reducing clinical usage costs. Third, it improves repeatability and positioning accuracy. The concave-convex mating structure provides strong consistency in positioning references, meeting the needs for comparing the effects of multiple surgical simulations. Fourth, it assists in vibration reduction. The tight fit between the profiling block and the clamping block increases the contact area, improving the efficiency of vibration energy transmission. Combined with the elastic material of the profiling block, it further weakens the vibration amplitude.

[0033] In one embodiment, the quick-release structure includes at least two posts 14 and nuts 15. The posts 14 are fixed to the side of the lower clamping block 131 facing the upper clamping block 132. The end of the post 14 away from the lower clamping block 131 is provided with a threaded rod 141 with a diameter smaller than that of the post 14. The threaded rod 141 passes through the upper clamping block 132 and is used to connect the nuts 15.

[0034] The column 14 is a cylindrical support structure on the lower clamping block 131. It can be integrally formed with the lower clamping block 131 or fixedly connected by screws. Its length is designed according to the thickness of the common clinical hip bone 31 model, which provides space for the hip bone 31 and ensures support strength. The threaded rod 141 is an external threaded structure extending from the top of the column 14, which can be fully locked with the nut 15. The nut 15 can be a butterfly hand-tightening nut, made of stainless steel with a knurled surface, which is convenient for doctors to operate by hand without additional tools. Together with the column 14 and the threaded rod 141, it forms a complete quick-release structure.

[0035] like Figure 2As shown, two uprights 14 are symmetrically positioned at the midpoint of the extension length of the lower clamping block 131 facing the upper clamping block 132. The upper clamping block 132 has two through holes corresponding to the positions of the uprights 14, ensuring the threaded rod 141 passes smoothly without significant wobbling. When clamping the hip bone 31, first place the hip bone 31 on the lower contour block 134, ensuring the hip bone 31 conforms to the contour of the lower contour block 134. Then, align the through holes of the upper clamping block 132 with the threaded rod 141 and insert it, ensuring the upper contour block 135 fits tightly against the upper side of the hip bone 31. Finally, screw the two wing nuts 15 into the corresponding threaded rods 141, tightening until the resistance feels even to complete the clamping. For disassembly, loosen the nuts 15 in the opposite direction to remove the upper clamping block 132 and replace the hip bone 31 model. The quick-release structure in this implementation offers two key advantages: First, it significantly improves operational efficiency. Compared to existing technologies that require tightening multiple bolts with a wrench, this quick-release structure allows for manual operation, drastically reducing clamping time and meeting the needs of rapid preoperative planning for multiple clinical cases. Second, it ensures uniform clamping force. The two uprights 14 are symmetrically distributed, ensuring that the pressure of the upper clamping block 132 on the hip bone 31 is evenly distributed across the entire contact surface of the profiling block. This prevents excessive local pressure that could damage the bone model and also prevents clamping misalignment caused by uneven force, ensuring proper positioning of the hip bone 31. Precision; third, excellent self-locking and anti-loosening performance. The threaded engagement between the threaded rod 141 and the nut 15 has good self-locking properties. Combined with the anti-slip design of the wing nut, even if subjected to strong vibrations during simulated surgery, the nut 15 will not loosen on its own, ensuring that the hip bone 31 model remains stable. Fourth, strong structural durability. The column 14 and the lower clamping block 131 can be integrally formed. The surface of the threaded rod 141 is galvanized and passivated, making it rust-proof and corrosion-resistant. Even after multiple disassemblies and reassemblies, the threaded structure shows no obvious wear, maintaining good fit precision and extending the service life of the device.

[0036] In one embodiment, the hip splint bracket 12 includes a first fixing block 121, a second fixing block 122, a first support rod 123, a second support rod 124, and a fixing rod 125; the first fixing block 121 and the second fixing block 122 are fixed to the hip base 11; the first support rod 123 is fixed to the first fixing block 121; the second support rod 124 is fixed to the second fixing block 122; wherein the length of the first support rod 123 is shorter than the length of the second support rod 124; one end of the fixing rod 125 is fixed to the top end of the first support rod 123, and the other end is fixed to the top end of the second support rod 124; the lower clamping block 131 is fixedly installed on the fixing rod 125, wherein the first fixing block 121, the second fixing block 122, the first support rod 123, the second support rod 124, and the fixing rod 125 are a single piece.

[0037] The integrated component refers to the fact that all components of the hip splint bracket 12 are made into a whole structure through precision casting process, without assembly gaps, ensuring structural strength and dimensional accuracy; the length of the first support rod 123 is less than the length of the second support rod 124, and the difference in length between the two makes the fixing rod 125 form a preset tilt angle, which accurately matches the actual posture of the hip bone 31 when the human body is lying on its side; the fixing rod 125 is a rectangular rod structure, which provides a stable installation reference for the lower clamping block 131.

[0038] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 As shown, the first fixing block 121 and the second fixing block 122 are rectangular blocks, fixed to the mounting plane of the hip bone base 11 by multiple M6 high-strength bolts, ensuring a firm and secure connection between the bracket and the base. The first support rod 123 and the second support rod 124 are perpendicular to the side end faces of the fixing blocks and also perpendicular to the hip bone base 11, forming a stable triangular support structure with the fixing rod 125, which can effectively resist external force impacts during simulated surgery. The lower clamping block 131 is fixed to the side of the fixing rod 125 by multiple M5 screws. The mounting surface is precision ground to ensure that the lower clamping block 131 fits perfectly with the fixing rod 125 after installation, without any tilting deviation. The structure and installation logic of the hip clamp bracket 12 in this embodiment are as follows: First, the structural stability is greatly improved. The one-piece design avoids the assembly gaps of traditional assembled brackets, eliminating the vibration amplification problem caused by gaps and providing stable support for the hip bone 31 model. Second, the simulation scene is highly realistic. The tilt angle of the fixing rod 125 accurately replicates the anatomical posture of the hip bone 31 when the human body is lying on its side, which is completely consistent with the position of the patient in clinical hemiarthroplasty. This allows doctors to accurately predict key parameters such as the surgical field of view and operating angle in the simulation operation, improving the realism of preoperative planning and surgical training. Third, the load-bearing capacity is strong. The one-piece molded structure has high tensile strength and can withstand the instantaneous impact force generated by instrument knocking and bone model assembly in the simulated surgery without deformation or damage, ensuring long-term stable use of the device. Fourth, the dimensional accuracy is controllable. The tilt angle error of the fixing rod 125 is ≤0.5°, ensuring the accurate position of the lower clamp block 131 after installation, providing a basic guarantee for the positioning accuracy of the hip bone 31 model, and further enhancing the clinical application value of the device.

[0039] In one embodiment, the hemiarthroplasty simulation device further includes: a femoral base 21; a support frame 22 fixed on the femoral base 21; a femoral support 24, one end of which is pivotally connected to the femoral base 21 and the other end is detachably connected to the support frame 22; and a femoral clamp 23 disposed on the femoral support 24.

[0040] The femoral base 21 is made of the same high-strength aluminum alloy as the hip base 11, with anti-slip rubber pads on the bottom to increase friction with the table surface and prevent displacement during use; the support frame 22 consists of two symmetrically arranged plate-shaped support structures made of steel or aluminum alloy plates with galvanized surfaces for rust and corrosion resistance; the femoral support 24 is a rectangular frame structure made of aluminum profiles, which is lightweight and high-strength, providing an installation carrier for the femoral clamp 23; the pivot structure allows the femoral support 24 to rotate around a fixed axis, enabling position adjustment of the femoral 41 model, and the detachable connection structure is used to fix and adjust the position of the femoral 41.

[0041] like Figure 1 , Figure 3 and Figure 5 As shown, the femoral base 21 is placed on the surgical simulation table and fixed with four anchor screws or anti-slip pads to ensure no slippage during use. Two support frames 22 are symmetrically fixed to the side walls of the femoral base 21 with M8 bolts, the spacing of which matches the width of the femoral support 24, forming double-sided support. One end of the femoral support 24 is pivotally connected to the third axle seat 27 on the femoral base 21 via a rotating shaft 28, with a rotation angle range of 0°-90°, covering three key surgical positions: flat, normal, and dislocated. The other end of the femoral support 24 is detachably connected to the support frame 22 via a fixing shaft 223. After the femoral support 24 is adjusted to the target position, the fixing shaft 223 is inserted to complete the positioning. Two femoral clamps 23 are provided along the length of the femoral support 24, respectively used to clamp the proximal and distal ends of the femoral bone 41 to ensure stable clamping. The femoral fixation and positioning system in this embodiment addresses two key issues: First, it solves the complexity of positioning adjustments in existing technologies. This design replaces the multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment mechanism of traditional devices with a simplified structure featuring a pivot and detachable connection. This allows doctors to quickly and stably switch and fix the femoral 41 model, improving operational efficiency, and the structure is simple and compact. Second, it ensures precise and reliable positioning. The pivot structure of the femoral support 24 ensures that the rotation center of the femoral 41 model is consistent with the anatomical center of the human hip joint under different positions. The detachable connection structure prevents displacement after positioning adjustment due to positioning errors, ensuring the proper connection between the hip bone 31 and the femur. The device boasts several advantages: 1) high relative positional accuracy of the 41 femoral model; 2) adaptability to various clinical scenarios, with the horizontal position facilitating the clamping of the 41 femoral model and preoperative preparation; 3) a normal position simulating the alignment of the normal hip joint; and 4) a dislocation position simulating femoral 41 dislocation during surgery. These three positions comprehensively cover the key operational steps of hemiarthroplasty, helping doctors to fully anticipate surgical challenges. 4) strong structural synergy, with the femoral fixation system and hip fixation system independently designed. The distance between the two bases can be adjusted based on the relative positional data of the hip 31 and femoral 41 in different patients, adapting to the anatomical structure of patients with different body types and further enhancing the device's versatility.

[0042] In one embodiment, the support frame 22 includes two supports, and the bottom opposite sides of the two support frames 22 are provided with bosses 221 of the same height; the two support frames 22 are provided with opposite through holes 222 for passing through the fixing shaft 223 to position the femoral support 24.

[0043] The boss 221 is a rectangular protrusion on the opposite side of the bottom of the support frame 22, which is formed by milling. The top surfaces of the two bosses 221 are at the same height and are used to support the femoral support 24 to achieve a flat body position. The through hole 222 is a circular hole opened on the support frame 22, which forms a transition fit with the fixing shaft 223 and is used to support the femoral support 24 when the femur 41 is dislocated.

[0044] like Figure 3 As shown, two support frames 22 are symmetrically fixed on the femoral base 21, ensuring that the femoral support 24 can be embedded between the two support frames 22 and rotate flexibly. The top surface of the boss 221 is precision ground. When the femoral support 24 is rotated to 0° (flat position), its bottom, away from the pivot end, is completely in contact with the top surface of the two bosses 221, achieving precise positioning in the flat position without the need for additional positioning components. The coaxiality error of the through holes 222 on the two support frames 22 is ≤0.02mm. When the femoral support 24 is adjusted to the dislocated (60°) position, the corresponding holes on the femoral support 24 are precisely aligned with the through holes 222. At this time, the fixing shaft 223 is inserted from the through hole 222 of one support frame 22, passes through the hole of the femoral support 24, and then exits from the through hole 222 on the other side, achieving rigid positioning of the femoral support 24. The structure and positioning method of the support frame 22 in this embodiment are as follows: First, the body positioning is precise and efficient. The boss 221 provides a natural positioning benchmark for the flat position, allowing the doctor to quickly adjust the femur 41 model to a flat state without repeated calibration. The cooperation between the through hole 222 and the fixing shaft 223 achieves precise locking of the dislocation position, meeting the accuracy requirements of surgical simulation. Second, the support stability is strong. Compared with single-sided support, the double-sided support structure of the two support frames 22 has twice the load-bearing capacity, effectively distributing the weight of the femoral support 24 and the femoral 41 model, avoiding deformation of the support caused by unilateral force. At the same time, the boss 221 and the The multi-point positioning method of the fixed shaft 223 ensures that the femoral support 24 remains stable in different positions without shaking or displacement; thirdly, it improves the ease of operation. In the flat position, it can be positioned by connecting the overlapping boss 221. In the normal position, no interference is required. The femur 41 is directly mounted on the hip bone 31. In the dislocated position, it is locked by inserting the fixed shaft 223. The operation process is simple and intuitive. Doctors can operate it proficiently without professional training, reducing the learning cost; fourthly, it has good structural durability. The boss 221 and the support frame 22 are integrally molded, which has high strength and is not easily damaged. The surface of the fixed shaft 223 is chrome-plated, which has strong wear resistance and extends the service life of the device.

[0045] In one embodiment, the hemiarthroplasty simulation device further includes: a first bearing 25 and a second bearing 26, respectively disposed at both ends of the support frame 22; a third bearing 27 disposed on the femoral base 21; wherein the fixed shaft 223 passes through the through hole 222 and is connected to the first bearing 25; the second bearing 26 and the third bearing 27 are pivotally connected by a rotating shaft 28.

[0046] The first bearing seat 25, the second bearing seat 26, and the third bearing seat 27 are all structures with shaft holes, and can be made of metals such as 45 steel. The shaft holes are honed. The rotating shaft 28 is a cylindrical shaft, which can be made of Cr12MoV alloy steel. After heat treatment, the hardness is ≥HRC55, and it has excellent wear resistance. It provides a fixed rotation center for the rotation of the femoral support 24. The fixed shaft 223 is connected to the first bearing seat 25 by a thread. One end of the fixed shaft 223 is provided with an external thread, and the shaft hole of the first bearing seat 25 is provided with an internal thread. After tightening, the fixed shaft 223 is axially fixed to prevent movement.

[0047] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the first bearing seat 25 is fixed to the outer end of the femoral support 24 by two M5 screws, and its shaft hole is coaxially aligned with the through hole 222 of the support frame 22. The second bearing seat 26 is also fixed to the femoral support 24 by screws, and the third bearing seat 27 is fixed to the femoral base 21 at the position corresponding to the second bearing seat 26 by M6 screws. During assembly, one end of the rotating shaft 28 is passed through the shaft hole of the third bearing seat 27 and fitted into the shaft hole of the second bearing seat 26 to achieve the pivot connection between the femoral support 24 and the femoral base 21. The fixed shaft 223 is inserted from the through hole 222 of one side of the support frame 22 and threadedly connected to the first bearing seat 25 on the other side to ensure that the fixed shaft 223 is firmly locked. The mounting structure of the pivot and fixing shaft 223 of the femoral support 24 in this embodiment ensures three key aspects: First, it guarantees extreme rotational precision. The precise fit between the shaft seat and the shaft hole ensures the stability of the axis during rotation of the femoral support 24, preventing positional deviation of the femoral 41 model due to axis offset and accurately controlling the relative position of the hip bone 31 and the femoral 41. Second, it ensures smooth and seamless rotation. The inner wall of the shaft hole is honed and lubricated, allowing doctors to easily adjust the position of the femoral support 24, avoiding operational inconvenience or bone model collision due to excessive rotational resistance, thus improving the operating experience. Third, it provides reliable structural locking. The threaded connection between the fixed shaft 223 and the first shaft seat 25 has good self-locking performance. Combined with the transition fit between the fixed shaft 223 and the through hole 222, it can effectively resist vibration and external impact during simulated surgery, prevent the fixed shaft 223 from loosening or falling off, and ensure stable body position locking. Fourth, it is easy to maintain. The shaft seat and shaft components are modularly designed. When the rotating shaft 28 or the fixed shaft 223 is worn, the damaged parts can be replaced individually without replacing the entire support frame 22 or femoral base 21, reducing maintenance costs. At the same time, the assembly process is simple, which is convenient for production debugging and later maintenance.

[0048] In one embodiment, a butterfly spring 29 is provided between the second bearing seat 26 and the third bearing seat 27, and the butterfly spring 29 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 28.

[0049] The butterfly spring 29 is an axisymmetric elastic element made of 60Si2Mn spring steel, which has the characteristics of high stiffness and strong shock absorption capacity. When it is sleeved on the rotating shaft 28, the center hole of the butterfly spring 29 passes through the rotating shaft 28 and is located between the second bearing seat 26 and the third bearing seat 27. After assembly, it is in a pre-compressed state and generates continuous axial elastic pressure.

[0050] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the disc spring 29 is sleeved on the rotating shaft 28, with its two ends in close contact with the end faces of the second bearing seat 26 and the third bearing seat 27, respectively. When the femoral support 24 rotates around the rotating shaft 28, the second bearing seat 26 rotates synchronously with the support frame 22. The disc spring 29 will generate corresponding elastic deformation according to the change of rotation angle, forming an elastic damping force that hinders the rapid rotation of the second bearing seat 26. At the same time, the continuous axial pressure keeps the end faces of the second bearing seat 26 and the third bearing seat 27 in close contact, eliminating the gap between them. This embodiment incorporates a butterfly spring 29 in the pivot structure. Firstly, it completely eliminates gap wobble. In existing technologies, the minute gap between the bearing and the shaft easily causes the femoral support 24 to wobble during vibration. The pre-compressed butterfly spring 29 effectively fills the gap, ensuring no relative displacement between the second bearing 26 and the third bearing 27, significantly improving positional stability. Secondly, it provides significant cushioning and shock absorption. The elastic damping effect of the butterfly spring 29 absorbs the vibration energy generated during simulated surgery, reducing the transmission of vibration to the femoral 41 model, thus lowering the vibration amplitude of the femoral 41 model and preventing loosening of the bone model due to vibration. It also protects key components such as the rotating shaft 28 and the bearing seat, reducing wear; thirdly, it improves operational safety and precision. The elastic damping force allows for stable control of the rotation speed of the femoral support 24, avoiding bone model collisions or doctor's operational errors caused by excessive rotation. Doctors can accurately locate the target position by sensing changes in damping force, improving operational precision and safety; fourthly, it has strong structural reliability. The butterfly spring 29 has a long fatigue life, meeting the long-term use requirements of the device, and is easy to install without additional fixing components. Without increasing structural complexity, it significantly improves the performance of the pivot structure, making it extremely cost-effective.

[0051] In one embodiment, the femoral support 24 has a plurality of parallel slides 241 arranged along the length direction of the femur 41; the femoral clamp 23 includes at least two, which are respectively arranged on different slides 241. The presence of at least two femoral clamps 23 facilitates stable clamping of the femur 41. The position of the femoral clamps 23 can be adjusted based on the slides 241, and then fixed after the position is adjusted.

[0052] The slide 241 is a T-shaped groove formed on the upper surface of the femoral support 24, extending along the placement direction (longitudinal) of the femur 41, and multiple slides 241 are parallel to each other; the T-shaped structure design can prevent the slider 231 of the femoral clamp 23 from falling out of the slide 241, ensuring the stability of the sliding process; at least two femoral clamps 23 are usually set to two, which are used to clamp the proximal and distal ends of the femur 41 respectively, forming multi-point clamping and improving stability.

[0053] like Figure 4 As shown, four parallel T-shaped slides 241 are provided on the femoral support 24, covering the entire length range of the femur 41, providing ample adjustment space for the femoral clamp 23. The slider 231 of the femoral clamp 23 is a structure adapted to the slide 241, made of engineering plastic or aluminum alloy, etc., and coated with grease to ensure smooth sliding. When clamping the femur 41, the doctor first loosens the fixing screw 234 at the bottom of the slider 231, and slides the two femoral clamps 23 to the appropriate position according to the length and diameter of the femur 41, so that the clamps are aligned with the proximal and distal ends of the femur 41. After adjustment, the fixing screw 234 is tightened. The slider 231 is fixed in the slide 241 by the clamping force between the screw head and the bottom of the slide 241. After fixing, the slider 231 is not loose or slipping. The femoral support 24 and femoral clamp 23 in this embodiment have two main advantages: First, significantly improved adaptability. In existing technologies, the femoral clamp has a fixed position and can only accommodate femoral models of a single size. However, in this design, the combination of multiple parallel slides 241 and the sliding clamp allows for a wider adjustment range of the femoral clamp 23, making it suitable for femoral models of different body types, such as children and adults, as well as bone models of different diameters, including normal femurs and osteoporotic femurs. Second, significantly enhanced clamping stability. The multi-point clamping method of at least two femoral clamps 23 effectively restricts the rotation and axial displacement of the femoral 41. After clamping, the femoral 41 remains stable and does not shift during simulated surgery, ensuring the femoral 41 remains secure. The relative positional accuracy of femoral bone 41 and hip bone 31 is improved; thirdly, the operational efficiency is enhanced. The design of slide 241 allows for adjustment of the clamp position without disassembling parts, and doctors can directly slide and adjust it. Combined with the quick-release clamping structure, the clamping time of the femoral bone 41 model is short, which greatly improves the efficiency of surgical simulation and meets the needs of rapid simulation of multiple clinical cases; fourthly, the structural safety is high. The cooperation structure between T-shaped slide 241 and slider 231 is stable. The locking of fastening screw 234 can resist the impact of external forces during simulated surgery and prevent the femoral clamp 23 from falling off. At the same time, the engineering plastic material of slider 231 can reduce friction and wear with slide 241, extend service life, and further improve the reliability of the device.

[0054] In one embodiment, the femoral clamp 23 includes: a slider 231, a fastening screw 234 passing through the bottom of the slide 241 and connecting the slider 231; and a jaw 232, a rotating screw 233 passing through the bottom of the slide 241 and continuing through the slider 231, connecting the jaw 232, so that the jaw 232 can rotate relative to the slider 231 to adjust the angle of the jaw 232. The jaw 232 includes clamping blocks 2321 that are hinged to each other. The clamping blocks 2321 are provided with oppositely arranged threaded holes with opposite thread directions. A screw 2322 passes through the clamping blocks 2321 and is inserted into the two threaded holes to control the two clamping blocks 2321 to clamp or release the femur 41 relative to each other based on the hinge axis. The free end of the screw 2322 is usually provided with a handle 2323 for convenient rotation of the screw 2322.

[0055] The rotating screw 233 is an adjusting component connecting the slider 231 and the gripper 232. It has a clearance fit with the slider 231, and its tightness can control the angle of the gripper 232. The clamping block 2321 is the contact component of the gripper 232. Its surface is designed as an arc-shaped contact surface that conforms to the contour of the femur 41, which not only improves the clamping stability but also avoids damage to the bone model. The reverse threaded hole refers to the threaded holes on the two clamping blocks 2321 being left-handed and right-handed threads, respectively. They are precisely matched with the external thread of the screw 2322, ensuring that the two clamping blocks 2321 move synchronously in opposite directions when the screw 2322 rotates. The handle 2323 is a long rod structure with a knurled surface, which is easy to rotate by hand without additional tools.

[0056] like Figure 4As shown, the slider 231 can be a T-shaped structure with a threaded hole at the bottom that matches the fastening screw 234. The fastening screw 234 passes through the elongated hole at the bottom of the slide rail 241 and is threaded onto the slider 231. After tightening, the slider 231 is fixed by the friction between the screw head and the bottom of the slide rail 241. The rotating screw 233 passes through the bottom of the slide rail 241 and the central through hole of the slider 231, and is hinged to the rotating seat at the bottom of the gripper 232. The lower end of the rotating screw 233 is locked with a nut. Loosening the nut allows adjustment of the angle of the gripper 232 (adjustment range 0°-30°), and tightening fixes the angle. The two gripping blocks 2321 of the gripper 232 are connected by a central hinge shaft and have reverse threaded holes on their inner sides. The screw 2322 passes through the two threaded holes, and the free end is fixed with a handle 2323. Rotating the handle 2323 clockwise causes the two gripping blocks 2321 to move closer to clamp the femur 41 simultaneously; rotating them counterclockwise causes them to move away simultaneously, releasing the femur 41. The structure and working principle of the femoral clamp 23 in this embodiment are as follows: First, the angle is adjustable, resulting in extremely optimized adaptability. In the prior art, the angle of the femoral clamp is fixed, which cannot adapt to the tilt posture of the femur 41 in different body positions. However, this design adjusts the angle of the clamp 232 by rotating the screw 233, which can precisely adjust the clamping angle according to the placement angle and anatomical tilt of the femur 41. Second, the clamping is stable, with excellent self-locking and anti-loosening performance. The reverse thread design ensures that the clamping force of the two clamping blocks 2321 is evenly distributed when the screw 2322 rotates. The clamping force can be flexibly adjusted by the handle 2323, and the thread transmission has good self-locking properties, which can effectively resist the vibration and impact during simulated surgery. The femur 41 model does not loosen or slip after being clamped, solving the core pain point of the existing general clamps that are not secure. Third, the operation is convenient and efficient. The design of the handle 2323 allows the doctor to quickly clamp and release the femur 41 by hand. Combined with the position adjustment of the slider 231, the efficiency of surgical simulation is greatly improved.

[0057] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and does not limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the content of the present invention's specification and drawings, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the patent protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A simulation device for hemiarthroplasty, characterized in that, include: Hip base; A hip splint bracket is fixedly installed on the hip base; A hip splint includes a lower splint and an upper splint, the lower splint being mounted on the hip splint bracket, and the upper splint being detachably connected to the lower splint via a quick-release structure; The lower clamping block has a lower contour block adapted to the lower side of the hip bone on the side facing the upper clamping block; the upper clamping block has an upper contour block adapted to the upper side of the hip bone on the side facing the lower clamping block.

2. The hemiarthroplasty simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The lower clamping block is provided with a first recessed portion, and the lower contour block is provided with a first protrusion that matches the first recessed portion. The first protrusion of the lower contour block is embedded in the first recessed portion of the lower clamping block and is fastened by screws. The upper clamping block is provided with a second recess, and the upper contour block is provided with a second protrusion that matches the second recess. The second protrusion of the upper contour block is embedded in the second recess of the upper clamping block and is fastened with screws.

3. The hemiarthroplasty simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The quick-release structure includes at least two columns and a nut. The columns are fixed to the side of the lower clamping block facing the upper clamping block. The end of the column away from the lower clamping block is provided with a threaded rod with a diameter smaller than the column. The threaded rod passes through the upper clamping block and is used to connect the nut.

4. The hemiarthroplasty simulation device according to any one of claims 1-3, characterized in that, The hip splint bracket includes a first fixing block, a second fixing block, a first support rod, a second support rod, and a fixing rod; The first fixing block and the second fixing block are fixed to the hip bone base; The first support rod is fixed to the first fixing block; the second support rod is fixed to the second fixing block; wherein the length of the first support rod is shorter than the length of the second support rod. One end of the fixing rod is fixed to the top of the first support rod, and the other end is fixed to the top of the second support rod; The lower clamping block is fixedly installed on the fixing rod.

5. The hemiarthroplasty simulation device according to claim 1, characterized in that, Also includes: Femoral base; The support frame is fixed to the femoral base; A femoral support, one end of which is pivotally connected to the femoral base, and the other end is detachably connected to the support frame; A femoral clamp is mounted on the femoral support.

6. The hemiarthroplasty simulation device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The support frame includes two, and the bottom sides of the two support frames are provided with bosses of the same height; The two support frames are provided with opposing through holes for passing through the fixing shaft to position the femoral support.

7. The hemiarthroplasty simulation device according to claim 6, characterized in that, Also includes: The first bearing seat and the second bearing seat are respectively disposed at both ends of the support frame; The third axle is mounted on the femoral base; The fixed shaft passes through the through hole and is connected to the first shaft seat; the second shaft seat and the third shaft seat are pivotally connected by a rotating shaft.

8. The hemiarthroplasty simulation device according to claim 7, characterized in that, A butterfly spring is provided between the second and third shaft seats, and the butterfly spring is sleeved on the rotating shaft.

9. The hemiarthroplasty simulation device according to any one of claims 5-8, characterized in that, The femoral support has multiple parallel sliding tracks along the length of the femur. The femoral clamp comprises at least two, each disposed on a different slide.

10. The hemiarthroplasty simulation device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The femoral clamp includes: A slider is connected to a fastening screw that passes through the bottom of the slide rail. The gripper is connected to the slider by rotating the screw, which passes through the bottom of the slide and continues through the slider.

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