Load access and release identification circuit and method
By employing a parallel structure of the first and second identification modules in the load access and release identification circuit, and utilizing the main control MCU to control the module switching, the problem of high self-power consumption in the prior art is solved. This achieves accurate identification of low-current loads and low-power design, improving the equipment's endurance and component protection.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511762509.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-13
AI Technical Summary
Existing current-type identification circuits have relatively fixed threshold requirements for load current, which leads to a large self-power consumption due to the large detection resistance, affecting the device's battery life.
The system adopts a structure in which the first identification module and the second identification module are connected in parallel. The switching between the identification modules is controlled by the main control MCU. The high impedance characteristic of the first identification module is used for buffer protection when the load is connected, and the system switches to the low impedance second identification module to reduce self-power consumption.
It enables accurate identification of small current loads, reduces self-power consumption, improves equipment endurance, and prevents components from being damaged by inrush current.
Smart Images
Figure CN121663747A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of load detection technology, specifically relating to a load access and release identification circuit and method. Background Technology
[0002] In the application of power supply equipment such as battery packs and power adapters, in order to achieve safe and efficient power supply to the load equipment, it is usually necessary to identify the load when it is connected and disconnected, so as to avoid energy waste or safety hazards caused by the power supply equipment running under no-load.
[0003] Currently, current-type identification circuits are commonly used in the market, identifying devices by detecting the current signal generated when a load is connected. Existing current-type solutions have relatively fixed threshold requirements for the load current, and to protect the circuit, they typically use a large detection resistor, requiring a large load current to trigger effective identification. However, a large detection resistor also results in significant self-power consumption, which is detrimental to improving the device's battery life. Summary of the Invention
[0004] This application provides a load access and release identification circuit and method. The circuit can accurately identify loads with small current and reduce self-power consumption by switching different identification modules.
[0005] This application discloses a load access and release identification circuit, including a load interface and a battery component interface. The circuit is connected between an external load and a battery component. The circuit includes a first identification module, a second identification module, and a main control MCU, wherein: The first identification module is used to generate and send a load access signal to the main control MCU when the external load is accessed; The second identification module, connected in parallel with the first identification module, is used to generate and send a load removal signal to the main control MCU when the external load is removed; The main control MCU is used to control the first identification module to disconnect and the second identification module to turn on according to the load access signal; and to control the first identification module to turn on and the second identification module to disconnect according to the load removal signal. The impedance value of the first identification module is greater than the impedance value of the second identification module.
[0006] In one embodiment, the first identification module includes a first detection unit, the input of which is connected to the battery assembly interface, and the output of which is connected to the load interface. The first detection unit includes a first switch Q1, which is used to open or close according to the change in the circuit voltage to generate the load access signal.
[0007] In one embodiment, the first detection unit further includes a resistor R1, one end of which is connected to the battery component interface and the first terminal of the first switch Q1, the other end of which is connected to the load interface and the control terminal of the first switch Q1, and the second terminal of the first switch Q1 is connected to the first pin of the main control MCU for transmitting the load access signal to the main control MCU.
[0008] In one embodiment, the first identification module includes a first switching unit, the input terminal of the first switching unit is connected to the interface of the battery, the output terminal of the first switching unit is connected to the load interface, and the first switching unit includes a second switch Q2, which is used to control the switching on or off according to the control signal of the main control MCU.
[0009] In one embodiment, the first switching unit further includes resistors R3 and R4. The control terminal of the second switch Q2 is connected to the second pin of the main control MCU through the resistor R4. The first terminal of the second switch Q2 is connected to the battery component interface, and the second terminal of the second switch Q2 is connected to the load interface. One end of the resistor R3 is connected between the resistor R4 and the control terminal of the first MOSFET Q2, and the other end of the resistor R3 is grounded.
[0010] In one embodiment, the second identification module includes a second detection unit, the input of which is connected to the battery assembly interface, and the output of which is connected to the load interface. The second detection unit includes a third switch Q3, which is used to open or close according to the change in the circuit voltage to generate the load removal signal.
[0011] In some embodiments, the second detection unit further includes a resistor R5, one end of which is connected to the battery component interface and the first terminal of the third switch Q3, the other end of which is connected to the load interface and the control terminal of the third switch Q3, and the second segment of the third switch Q3 is connected to the first pin of the main control MCU for transmitting the load access signal to the main control MCU.
[0012] In some embodiments, the second identification module includes a second switching unit, the input of which is connected to the interface of the battery, and the output of the first switching unit is connected to the load interface. The second switching unit includes a fourth switch Q4, which is used to control the switching on or off according to the control signal of the main control MCU.
[0013] This application also discloses a load access and release identification method, which is applied in any of the load access and release identification circuits described above, and the method includes: The main control MCU determines whether a load is connected by detecting the load access signal generated by the first identification module. If the main control MCU detects the load access signal, it controls the first identification module to disconnect and the second identification module to turn on. When the second identification module is activated, the main control MCU determines whether the load has been removed by detecting the load removal signal generated by the second identification module. If the main control MCU detects the load removal signal, it controls the first identification module to turn on and disconnects the second identification module.
[0014] In some embodiments, the main control MCU determines whether a load is connected by detecting the load access signal generated by the first identification module, including: When the main control MCU is in sleep mode and the first identification module is turned on, the main control MCU is woken up by detecting the first voltage change signal generated by the first identification module, and the load access signal is detected by the main control MCU. The main control MCU determines whether the load has been removed by detecting the load removal signal generated by the second identification module, including: When the main control MCU is in sleep mode and the second identification module is turned on, the main control MCU is woken up by detecting the second voltage change signal generated by the second identification module, and the load removal signal is detected by the main control MCU.
[0015] As described above, the load access and release identification circuit in this application includes a first identification module and a second identification module connected in parallel. The first identification module detects the access status of the external load and generates a load access signal, which is then transmitted to the main control MCU. The main control MCU controls the on / off state of the first and second identification modules based on the load access signal, so that after the external load is accessed, the circuit switches from the first identification module to the second identification module with lower impedance, completing the switching between the identification modules and reducing circuit losses during standby. The second identification module detects the removal status of the external load and generates a load removal signal, which is then transmitted to the main control MCU, thereby disconnecting the second identification module and turning on the first identification module. This allows the high-impedance first identification module to be used when the external load is first accessed, providing a certain degree of protection for the components. The first and second identification modules are used to achieve accurate identification of load access and control of the main control MCU's sleep / wake-up mechanism when the external load is removed or accessed, enabling the circuit to respond quickly and reducing power consumption. Attached Figure Description
[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the first frame structure of the load access and release identification circuit provided in an embodiment of this application.
[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the second frame structure of the load access and release identification circuit provided in an embodiment of this application.
[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the load access and release identification circuit provided in the embodiments of this application.
[0019] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the main structure of the first identification module and the second identification module provided in the embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation
[0020] The preferred embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, so that the advantages and features of this application can be more easily understood by those skilled in the art, thereby providing a clearer definition of the scope of protection of this application.
[0021] Please refer to the diagrams, where the same component symbols represent the same components. The principles of this application are illustrated by way of example implementation in a suitable computing environment. The following description is based on the specific embodiments of this application exemplified, and should not be construed as limiting other specific embodiments not detailed herein.
[0022] Please see Figure 1 and 2 The figure shows the flow structure and framework structure of the load access and release identification circuit provided in the embodiment of this application.
[0023] like Figure 1 As shown, the load access and release identification circuit includes a main control MCU1, a load interface 4, and a battery component interface 5, enabling the circuit to connect between an external load and a battery component. The circuit also includes a first identification module 2 and a second identification module 3, allowing the main control MCU1 to switch the circuit between different identification modules to achieve the corresponding functions.
[0024] When no load is connected, the main control MCU1 controls the first identification module 2 to turn on and simultaneously controls the second identification module 3 to turn off. At this time, the circuit is in a low-power standby state. Due to the high impedance value of the first identification module 2, its self-power consumption is small. When an external load is connected to the load interface 4, the first identification module 2 detects the load connection event based on its high impedance characteristics and generates a load connection signal, which is sent to the main control MCU1. After receiving the load connection signal, the main control MCU1 sends a control signal to disconnect the first identification module 2 and control the second identification module 3 to turn on, switching to the second identification module 3 to detect the load removal status.
[0025] After the second identification module 3 is turned on, if an external load is removed from the load interface 4, the second identification module 3, based on its low impedance characteristics, can sensitively detect the load removal state and generate a load removal signal. This signal is sent to the main control MCU1. After receiving the load removal signal, the main control MCU1 sends a control signal to control the second identification module 3 to disconnect and the first identification module 2 to turn on, restoring the state before the load connection was detected, waiting for the next external load connection. This load connection and release identification circuit dynamically switches the identification module through the main control MCU1. When the external load is first connected, the high-impedance first identification module 2 is used, which provides a certain degree of protection for the components and prevents them from burning out. After the external load is connected, it switches to the second identification module 3, which has less loss due to its low impedance characteristics during its conduction period, thereby optimizing the overall circuit's self-power consumption.
[0026] It is understood that the control signal may be, but is not limited to, a level change signal or a specific level state, so that the identification module can make corresponding on / off state switching. The external load mentioned above is an electrical device, and the battery pack is a power supply. This application does not limit this.
[0027] The first identification module 2 is used to detect the connection status of the external load and generate a load connection signal, which is then transmitted to the main control MCU1. The main control MCU1 controls the on / off state of the first identification module 2 and the second identification module 3 based on the load connection signal. This ensures that when an external load is connected, the circuit switches from the first identification module 2 to the lower impedance second identification module 3, completing the switching between the identification modules and reducing circuit losses during standby. The second identification module 3 is used to detect the removal status of the external load and generate a load removal signal, which is then transmitted to the main control MCU1. This disconnects the second identification module 3 and connects the first identification module 2, switching the circuit back to the first identification module 2. At the moment of external load connection, the high impedance of the first identification module 2 acts as a buffer, preventing damage to components due to inrush current.
[0028] like Figure 2 As shown, the load access and release identification circuit includes a first identification module 2 and a second identification module 3. The two identification modules work together to identify, detect, and switch loads. The first identification module 2 includes a first detection unit 21 and a first switching unit 22. The input of the first detection unit 21 is connected to the battery component interface 5, and the output of the first detection unit 21 is connected to the first switching unit 22, which in turn connects to the load interface 4. The first detection unit 21 generates a load access signal based on voltage and current changes in the circuit and transmits this signal to the main control MCU 1, enabling it to control the first switching unit 22 and the second switching unit 32. The first switching unit 22 and the second switching unit 32 control the circuit's conduction state according to the control signals sent by the main control MCU 1, thereby achieving switching between the two identification modules. The battery component interface 5 or the load interface 4 can be a physical interface for plugging and unplugging, or a terminal for connecting to the battery component or load; its specific form is not limited and is not specified herein.
[0029] Initially, the first identification module 2 is in the on state, while the second identification module 3 is in the off state. That is, the first switching unit 22 is in the on state, and the second switching unit 32 is in the off state. When the load interface 4 is connected to a load device, the load interface 4 forms a loop through the load device. At this time, the current in this circuit exceeds a preset value, causing the first detection unit 21 to generate a load connection signal and transmit this signal to the main control MCU1, thereby triggering an interrupt to wake up the main control MCU1. The main control MCU1 identifies the signal change of the first detection unit 21, thereby determining that a load has been connected to the circuit. It then controls the first switching unit 22 to disconnect and the second switching unit 32 to turn on, so that during charging and discharging, the circuit detects subsequent load removal through the second identification module 3.
[0030] When the load is removed, the second detection unit 31 in the second identification module 3 generates a load removal signal based on the voltage and current changes in the circuit, and transmits the load removal signal to the main control MCU1, so that it controls the first identification module 2 and the second identification module 3 to return to the initial state, that is, to switch the circuit to the state where the first identification module 2 is turned on, so that the circuit can identify and detect the next load connection.
[0031] The impedance of the first identification module 2 is greater than that of the second identification module 3. The first identification module 2 is equipped with a high impedance resistor, so that even if the load only requires a small current, such as the standby current of a low-power sensor, it can be accurately identified by a sudden voltage change. The second identification module 3 provides a low impedance path for the load, and the self-consumption is reduced by switching to the second identification module 3.
[0032] It is understandable that in the no-load standby state of the circuit, the circuit relies solely on the first identification module 2 to maintain identification and detection. The high impedance of the first identification module 2 acts as a buffer when the load is connected, effectively preventing sudden current from damaging the internal components.
[0033] It is worth noting that the load access and release identification circuit of this application can be selected from, but is not limited to, electronic devices with input and output interfaces, such as power banks, outdoor emergency power supplies, medical backup power supplies, smartwatches, etc. The circuit can be adapted to various power supply scenarios that require dynamic identification of load access or removal status. Whether it is a wearable device with low power consumption or a portable appliance with medium or high power, accurate identification and low power consumption control can be achieved by adjusting the circuit parameters.
[0034] like Figure 3 As shown in the figure, the overall structure of the load connection and release identification circuit is illustrated. The battery component interface 5 includes two ports, B- and B+, and the load interface 4 includes two ports, P- and P+. The first identification module 2 connects the B- terminal of the battery component interface 5 and the P- terminal of the load interface 4. The second identification module 3 is connected in parallel with the first identification module 2, with its input terminal connected to the input terminal of the first identification module 2 and its output terminal connected to the output terminal of the first identification module 2. The load device is connected to the load interface 4, and the P+ terminal to the P- terminal of the load interface 4 forms a loop through the load device, enabling the first identification module 2 to detect sudden changes in current or voltage in the circuit and generate a load connection signal.
[0035] It is worth noting that the main control MCU1 includes a first pin, a second pin, a third pin, and a fourth pin, which correspond to the PDIS_INT terminal, PDCHG_EN1 terminal, PDCHG_EN2 terminal, and DSG_EN terminal respectively in the attached diagram. These can be adjusted according to actual needs, and this application does not limit them. Furthermore, the first switch Q1, the second switch Q2, the third switch Q3, the fourth switch Q4, and the fifth switch Q5 mentioned herein are all semiconductor switching devices with control terminals. Their control terminals are used to receive control signals to turn on or off the current path between their first and second terminals. Those skilled in the art will understand that this definition covers various implementation methods.
[0036] In some specific implementations, the first switch Q1 and the third switch Q3 can be implemented using transistors, namely the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q2, respectively. The second switch Q2, the fourth switch Q4, and the fifth switch Q5 can be implemented using MOSFETs, namely the first MOSFET Q2, the second MOSFET Q4, and the third MOSFET Q5, respectively.
[0037] like Figure 4 As shown in the figure, the main structures of the first identification module 2 and the second identification module 3 are illustrated. The first detection unit 21 includes a first transistor Q1, resistors R1 and R2. One end of resistor R1 is connected to the battery component interface 5 and the emitter of the first transistor Q1, respectively. The other end of resistor R1 is connected to resistor R2. The base of the first transistor Q1 is connected between resistors R1 and R2, and is connected to the input terminal of the first switching unit 22 through resistor R2. The collector of the first transistor Q1 is connected to the first pin of the main control MCU1 for transmitting a load access signal to the main control MCU1. The first switching unit 22 includes a first MOSFET Q2. The source of the first MOSFET Q2 is connected to resistor R2, the drain of the first MOSFET Q2 is connected to the load interface 4, and the gate of the first MOSFET Q2 is connected to the second pin of the main control MCU1 for receiving control signals transmitted by the main control MCU1.
[0038] Resistor R1 acts as a voltage divider in the circuit. When there is no load, the base potential of the first transistor Q1 is close to its emitter potential, that is, the voltage difference between the emitter and the base is less than the conduction threshold. The first transistor Q1 is turned off, and the collector is kept at a high level through the pull-up resistor inside the main control MCU1.
[0039] When a load is connected, a loop is formed in the circuit. If the current exceeds a certain threshold, the voltage across resistor R1 reaches the turn-on voltage of the first transistor Q1. At this point, the collector potential of the first transistor Q1 is pulled low, generating a load connection signal—a falling edge signal transitioning from high to low. This signal is transmitted through the first pin and triggers the main control MCU1 to wake from sleep mode. When the main control MCU1 reads the voltage at the first pin again and finds it to be low, it determines that a load has been connected.
[0040] The second detection unit 31 includes a second transistor Q3, resistors R5 and R6. One end of resistor R5 is connected to the battery component interface 5 and the emitter of the second transistor Q3, respectively. The other end of resistor R5 is connected to resistor R6. The base of the second transistor Q3 is connected between resistors R5 and R6, and is connected to the input terminal of the second switching unit 32 through resistor R6. The collector of the second transistor Q3 is connected to the first pin of the main control MCU1 for transmitting a load removal signal to the main control MCU1. The second switching unit 32 includes a second MOSFET Q4. The source of the second MOSFET Q4 is connected to resistor R6, the drain of the second MOSFET Q4 is connected to the load interface 4, and the gate of the second MOSFET Q4 is connected to the third pin of the main control MCU1 for receiving control signals transmitted by the main control MCU1.
[0041] When a load is connected, the main control MCU1 outputs a low level to the first MOSFET Q2 through its second pin to turn it off. Conversely, the main control MCU1 outputs a high level to the second MOSFET Q4 through its third pin to turn it on, allowing the second transistor Q3 to detect load removal. When the load is not removed, the voltage across resistor R5 always reaches the turn-on voltage of the second transistor Q3. At this time, the voltage at the first pin is pulled low by the second transistor Q3. The main control MCU1 reads the low voltage at the first pin, thus determining that the load is not removed. When there is no charging or discharging current, after the main control MCU1 enters sleep mode, the potentials on its first, second, and third pins remain unchanged, ensuring the circuit is still in load removal detection mode.
[0042] It is understandable that the detection threshold can be changed by adjusting the resistance values of resistors R1 and R5, thereby adjusting the judgment current of the two identification modules. At the same time, by switching identification modules and changing the resistance ratio of different modules, the impedance value of the first identification module 2 is made greater than the impedance value of the second identification module 3. In this way, when the protection is triggered but the load is not removed, the self-power consumption is reduced by switching to the load release circuit.
[0043] The first MOSFET Q2 also clamps the voltage across resistors R1 and R2, preventing excessive voltage from causing excessive current in the first transistor Q1, resistors R1 and R2, which could lead to damage. Meanwhile, resistor R2 limits the turn-on current of the first transistor Q1, preventing excessive base and emitter current in Q1 from causing damage.
[0044] It is worth noting that the first identification module 2 also includes resistor R9. Resistor R9 acts as a voltage divider within the first identification module 2. It can also be implemented using two resistors, such as resistor R9 and resistor R10, with R9 and R10 connected in series to form a voltage divider. The drain of the first MOSFET Q2 is connected to the load interface 4 through resistors R9 and R10. By adjusting the resistance values of resistors R9 and R10, the voltage supplied by different power supply devices can be accommodated to achieve the current threshold required to identify the load.
[0045] When the load is removed, the voltage divider across resistor R5 disappears, and the second transistor Q3 turns off, releasing the load removal signal through its first pin. This means the main control MCU1 detects a rising edge signal from low to high. The main control MCU1 is then woken up by an interrupt triggered by the rising edge signal on the first pin. When the main control MCU1 reads the signal on the first pin again as high, it determines that the load has been removed. The second MOSFET Q4 clamps the voltage across resistors R5 and R6, preventing excessive current from flowing too far across transistor Q3, resistors R5 and R6, which could cause damage.
[0046] It is worth noting that the second identification module 3 also includes a resistor R11. The drain of the second MOSFET Q4 is connected to the load interface 4 through the resistor R11. By adjusting the resistance value of the resistor R11, it is used to cope with the voltage supplied by different power supply devices, so as to avoid the voltage on the resistor R5 not reaching the voltage to turn on the second transistor Q3 when the load is connected, or exceeding the maximum operating current of the identification module.
[0047] The judgment current of the identification module can be set independently, or an operational amplifier can be used to replace the first transistor Q1 and the second transistor Q3 to achieve higher current accuracy identification. Resistors R9 and R10 can be combined into a single resistor for easier circuit planning and adjustment.
[0048] In addition, this load access and release identification circuit can identify extremely small currents. By changing the resistance value in the identification module, it can be compatible with μA, mA and A levels. Moreover, the circuit structure is simple, using only general low-cost components. It can be woken up by the main control MCU1 interrupt and the switching between identification modules can achieve low self-power consumption. It is also highly flexible and can be compatible with voltage identification load circuits.
[0049] like Figure 4 As shown, the load connection and release identification circuit also includes a third MOSFET Q5 for controlling the circuit's on / off state. The source of the third MOSFET Q5 is connected to the battery module interface 5, while the drain of the third MOSFET Q5 is connected to the P- terminal of the load interface 4. The gate of the third MOSFET Q5 is connected to the fourth pin of the main control MCU1. The main control MCU1 outputs a level change through the fourth pin to cut off or turn on the third MOSFET Q5, thereby controlling the on / off state of the power supply path between the battery module interface 5 and the load interface 4. This circuit uses the first identification module 2 and the second identification module 3 to collaboratively detect the load connection and removal status. The main control MCU1 controls the on / off state of the third MOSFET Q5 accordingly based on the load removal and load connection signals generated by the identification modules, thereby controlling whether the circuit supplies power to the load and ultimately achieving intelligent control of load power management.
[0050] In one embodiment, this application also discloses a load access and release identification method, which is applied to the load access and release identification circuit described in any of the above embodiments. The method includes: a main control MCU1 detects a load access signal generated by a first identification module 2 to determine whether a load is accessed; if the main control MCU1 detects a load access signal, it controls the first identification module 2 to disconnect and turns on the second identification module 3; after the second identification module 3 is turned on, the main control MCU1 detects a load removal signal generated by the second identification module 3 to determine whether a load is removed; if the main control MCU1 detects a load removal signal, it controls the first identification module 2 to turn on and disconnects the second identification module 3.
[0051] Specifically, the first identification module 2 is used to detect the connection status of the external load and generate a load connection signal, and transmit the load connection signal to the main control MCU1. The main control MCU1 controls the on / off state of the first identification module 2 and the second identification module 3 according to the load connection signal, so that after the external load is connected, the circuit switches from the first identification module 2 to the second identification module 3 with lower impedance, completing the switching between identification modules to reduce circuit losses during standby. The second identification module 3 is used to detect the removal status of the external load and generate a load removal signal, and transmit the load removal signal to the main control MCU1, thereby disconnecting the second identification module 3 and turning on the first identification module 2, so that the circuit switches from the second identification module 3 to the first identification module 2. At the moment of external load connection, the high impedance of the first identification module 2 acts as a buffer protection to prevent components from being damaged by inrush current.
[0052] In one embodiment, the main control MCU1 determines whether a load is connected by detecting a load connection signal generated by the first identification module 2. This includes: when the main control MCU1 is in a sleep state and the first identification module 2 is turned on, waking up the main control MCU1 by detecting a first voltage change signal generated by the first identification module 2, and then detecting the load connection signal through the main control MCU1; the main control MCU1 determines whether a load is removed by detecting a load removal signal generated by the second identification module 3. This includes: when the main control MCU1 is in a sleep state and the second identification module 3 is turned on, waking up the main control MCU1 by detecting a second voltage change signal generated by the second identification module 3, and then detecting the load removal signal through the main control MCU1. The first voltage change signal can be a signal generated by a level change at the PDCHG_INT terminal, such as a rising edge signal or a falling edge signal. The second voltage change signal can also be a signal generated by a level change at the PDCHG_INT terminal, such as a falling edge signal or a rising edge signal. It is understood that the first voltage change signal and the second voltage change signal are different, but can share the same pin.
[0053] Specifically, when a load is connected, a loop is formed in the circuit. If the current exceeds a certain threshold, the voltage across resistor R1 reaches the turn-on voltage of the first transistor Q1. At this point, the collector potential of the first transistor Q1 is pulled low, generating a load connection signal, i.e., a falling edge signal from high to low. This falling edge signal is also the first voltage change signal. Due to the high impedance limitation of the first identification module 2, the current flowing into the load is limited, effectively preventing surge current from impacting the load and system power supply. This signal is transmitted through the first pin and triggers the main control MCU1 to wake up from sleep mode. When the main control MCU1 reads the voltage of the first pin again and finds it to be low, this low potential is also the load connection signal, indicating that the load has been connected.
[0054] When a load is connected, the main control MCU1 outputs a low level to the first MOSFET Q2 via its second pin to turn it off. Conversely, the main control MCU1 outputs a high level to the second MOSFET Q4 via its third pin to turn it on, enabling the second transistor Q3 to detect load removal. The main control MCU1 can compare the input current with an internally preset current threshold to determine the type of load, such as whether it is a low-power or high-power device, and decide whether to provide full power accordingly.
[0055] When the load is not removed, the voltage across resistor R5 always reaches the turn-on voltage of the second transistor Q3. At this time, the voltage at the first pin is pulled low by the second transistor Q3. The main control MCU1 reads the voltage at the first pin as low, thus determining that the load is not removed. When there is no charging or discharging current, after the main control MCU1 enters sleep mode, the potentials on its first, second, and third pins remain unchanged, so that the circuit is still in the state of load removal detection.
[0056] When the load is removed, the voltage divider on resistor R5 disappears, and the second transistor Q3 turns off, releasing the load removal signal through the first pin. That is, the main control MCU1 detects a rising edge signal from low to high, which is the second voltage change signal. The main control MCU1 is awakened by triggering an interrupt through the rising edge signal on the first pin. When the main control MCU1 reads the signal on the first pin again and finds it to be high, it determines that the load has been removed. The main control MCU1 disconnects the second identification module 3 and reconnects the first identification module 2, and the circuit returns to the initial high-impedance safety detection state.
[0057] As used herein, the term "module" can refer to a software or hardware object that executes on the computing system. The various components, modules, engines, and services described herein can be implementations on the computing system. The apparatuses and methods described herein can be implemented in software or hardware, both of which are within the scope of this application.
[0058] In this document, the term "embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment may be included in at least one embodiment of this application. The appearance of this phrase in various places throughout the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it a separate or alternative embodiment mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It will be explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein can be combined with other embodiments.
[0059] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or a connection that allows communication between them; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication between two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this application according to the specific circumstances.
[0060] The embodiments of this application have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the above embodiments. Within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art, various changes can be made without departing from the spirit of this application.
Claims
1. A load access and release identification circuit, comprising a load interface and a battery component interface, wherein the circuit is connected between an external load and a battery component, characterized in that, The circuit includes a first identification module, a second identification module, and a main control MCU, wherein: The first identification module is used to generate and send a load access signal to the main control MCU when the external load is accessed; The second identification module, connected in parallel with the first identification module, is used to generate and send a load removal signal to the main control MCU when the external load is removed; The main control MCU is used to control the first identification module to disconnect and the second identification module to turn on according to the load access signal; and to control the first identification module to turn on and the second identification module to disconnect according to the load removal signal. The impedance value of the first identification module is greater than the impedance value of the second identification module.
2. The load access and release identification circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first identification module includes a first detection unit. The input terminal of the first detection unit is connected to the battery assembly interface, and the output terminal of the first detection unit is connected to the load interface. The first detection unit includes a first switch Q1, which is used to open or close according to the change in circuit voltage to generate the load access signal.
3. The load access and release identification circuit as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The first detection unit further includes a resistor R1. One end of the resistor R1 is connected to the battery component interface and the first terminal of the first switch Q1, and the other end of the resistor R1 is connected to the load interface and the control terminal of the first switch Q1. The second terminal of the first switch Q1 is connected to the first pin of the main control MCU for transmitting the load access signal to the main control MCU.
4. The load access and release identification circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first identification module includes a first switching unit, the input terminal of the first switching unit is connected to the interface of the battery, the output terminal of the first switching unit is connected to the load interface, and the first switching unit includes a second switch Q2, which is used to control the switching on or off according to the control signal of the main control MCU.
5. The load access and release identification circuit as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The first switching unit further includes resistors R3 and R4. The control terminal of the second switch Q2 is connected to the second pin of the main control MCU through the resistor R4. The first terminal of the second switch Q2 is connected to the battery component interface, and the second terminal of the second switch Q2 is connected to the load interface. One end of the resistor R3 is connected between the resistor R4 and the control terminal of the first MOS transistor Q2, and the other end of the resistor R3 is grounded.
6. The load access and release identification circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The second identification module includes a second detection unit. The input terminal of the second detection unit is connected to the battery assembly interface, and the output terminal of the second detection unit is connected to the load interface. The second detection unit includes a third switch Q3, which is used to open or close according to the change in the circuit voltage to generate the load removal signal.
7. The load access and release identification circuit as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The second detection unit also includes a resistor R5. One end of the resistor R5 is connected to the battery component interface and the first terminal of the third switch Q3, respectively. The other end of the resistor R5 is connected to the load interface and the control terminal of the third switch Q3, respectively. The second segment of the third switch Q3 is connected to the first pin of the main control MCU for transmitting the load access signal to the main control MCU.
8. The load access and release identification circuit as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The second identification module includes a second switching unit. The input terminal of the second switching unit is connected to the interface of the battery, and the output terminal of the first switching unit is connected to the load interface. The second switching unit includes a fourth switch Q4, which is used to control the switching on or off according to the control signal of the main control MCU.
9. A method for identifying load access and release, characterized in that, The method is applied to the load access and release identification circuit as described in any one of claims 1-8, and the method includes: The main control MCU determines whether a load is connected by detecting the load access signal generated by the first identification module. If the main control MCU detects the load access signal, it controls the first identification module to disconnect and the second identification module to turn on. When the second identification module is activated, the main control MCU determines whether the load has been removed by detecting the load removal signal generated by the second identification module. If the main control MCU detects the load removal signal, it controls the first identification module to turn on and disconnects the second identification module.
10. The load access and release identification method as described in claim 9, characterized in that: The main control MCU determines whether a load is connected by detecting the load connection signal generated by the first identification module, including: When the main control MCU is in sleep mode and the first identification module is turned on, the main control MCU is woken up by detecting the first voltage change signal generated by the first identification module, and the load access signal is detected by the main control MCU. The main control MCU determines whether the load has been removed by detecting the load removal signal generated by the second identification module, including: When the main control MCU is in sleep mode and the second identification module is turned on, the main control MCU is woken up by detecting the second voltage change signal generated by the second identification module, and the load removal signal is detected by the main control MCU.