Alloy cutter machining supporting device of numerical control grinding machine

Abstract

The invention provides a numerical control grinding machine alloy cutter machining supporting device, and relates to the technical field of numerical control grinding machine machining, the numerical control grinding machine alloy cutter machining supporting device comprises a supporting mechanism and a grinding mechanism, the supporting mechanism is composed of a rotation assembly, a pressurization assembly and a counteracting assembly, the pressurizing assembly senses contact pressure through a rolling wheel and converts the contact pressure into a hydraulic signal, and the counteracting assembly converts the hydraulic signal into supporting force distributed in a stepped mode through an adjusting spring array with a preset rigidity gradient to act on a tool. The method comprises the steps of presetting the rigidity gradient according to the working condition, entering the sensing pressure, generating the self-adaptive supporting force through hydraulic transmission and the like, and by dynamically generating the stepped supporting force field matched with the bending moment, the problems of large tool deformation and poor precision in long cantilever machining are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of CNC grinding machine processing technology, and more specifically, to a support device for machining alloy cutting tools on a CNC grinding machine. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of precision machining, CNC grinding machines using alloy cutting tools are widely used for high-precision, high-surface-quality grinding of the inner surfaces of complex parts. In particular, when grinding and polishing the inner walls of rotating bodies with deep holes and cavities, the conventional process involves mounting a shaped grinding wheel or grinding head at the end of an extended tool holder, forming a slender cantilever structure that extends into the workpiece for operation. This machining method faces an inherent mechanical challenge: in order to reach the inner wall of a deep cavity, the cutting tool (grinding head) must have a sufficiently large overhang length. This length constitutes the effective lever arm during machining. During the grinding process, a certain radial pressure needs to be applied when the grinding wheel contacts the workpiece surface to maintain an effective grinding force. This pressure, together with the long lever arm, will generate a huge bending moment load at the root of the tool holder and the machine tool spindle interface.

[0003] Existing technical solutions have significant shortcomings in dealing with the aforementioned long cantilever and large bending moment conditions. Although the conventional tool holders and spindle systems of most CNC grinding machines can provide sufficient torque and axial tension, their radial rigidity and bending moment resistance are not specifically designed for ultra-long cantilever conditions. Excessive bending moment will first cause elastic deformation of the slender tool holder, resulting in a "tool deflection" phenomenon, causing the actual grinding depth to deviate from the preset value, seriously affecting dimensional and shape accuracy. Secondly, the deformation caused by bending moment will disrupt the dynamic stability of the tool system, easily inducing chatter during machining. Surface vibration marks are left and tool wear is accelerated, which may even lead to grinding wheel breakage. More seriously, the continuous peak bending moment may directly exceed the bearing limit of the tool holder or spindle bearing, causing permanent mechanical damage or failure. Although there have been attempts to use auxiliary support devices (such as follow post and center rest), they are often bulky, cumbersome to adjust, and difficult to achieve effective and non-interfering rigid support in narrow or discontinuous deep cavities. As a result, this problem has not been systematically solved, which greatly limits the machining capability and reliability of CNC grinding machines in the field of deep cavity precision grinding. Summary of the Invention

[0004] (a) Technical problems to be solved In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a support device for machining alloy cutting tools for CNC grinding machines to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art.

[0005] (II) Technical Solution To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a support device for machining alloy cutting tools on a CNC grinding machine, comprising a support mechanism and a grinding mechanism; The support mechanism includes a rotary component, a pressurizing component, and a counteracting component. Since the torque generated on the long tool is proportional to its length, the support mechanism can apply a supporting force according to the corresponding proportional relationship to avoid excessive torque. The rotary assembly allows the supporting force on the tool to rotate in the same direction as the tool rotates along the inner wall of the rotary body, thereby ensuring that the tool generates supporting force at all times during grinding and improving the performance. The pressurizing component can provide support to the tool as it approaches the rotating body, thus creating a connection between the tool and the grinding process. The supporting force generated by the offsetting component is also proportional to the distance, so the polishing effect is ensured by the mutual offsetting of the supporting forces; The grinding mechanism ensures the continuity of grinding.

[0006] Preferably, the rotary assembly includes a limiting sleeve and a tool body coaxially arranged with the limiting sleeve. The outer wall of the limiting sleeve has three annular grooves at equal intervals, and three sets of annular sleeves are slidably embedded in each annular groove.

[0007] Preferably, the pressurizing assembly includes clamping rods installed on the two annular sleeves on both sides, a tail rod installed on the annular sleeve in the middle, and rollers rotatably connected to the two clamping rods respectively. When the tool body is in the grinding state, the multiple rollers are respectively attached to the inner wall of the rotating body.

[0008] Preferably, hydraulic rods are staggered on the two clamping rods, and the hydraulic rods are respectively located between the two rollers. Two hydraulic sleeves are sleeved on the tail rod, and the hydraulic rods are respectively sealed and slidably connected in the hydraulic sleeves. An intermediate sleeve is provided between the two hydraulic sleeves, and the intermediate sleeve is rotatably connected to the tail rod.

[0009] Preferably, the two hydraulic sleeves are respectively connected to hoses, and the other ends of the two hoses are connected to the upper and lower sides of the intermediate sleeve. The side wall of the intermediate sleeve is connected to a telescopic sleeve, and each telescopic sleeve is respectively sealed and slidably connected to a telescopic rod.

[0010] Preferably, each of the hydraulic sleeves has a fine-tuning tube connected to its outer wall, a fine-tuning rod threaded inside the fine-tuning tube, and a nut threaded on the fine-tuning rod, with the nut abutting against the fine-tuning tube.

[0011] Preferably, the offsetting assembly includes multiple distribution sleeves, each distribution sleeve having an adjusting spring installed on its side wall, a synchronization plate fixedly mounted on the telescopic rod, the other ends of the multiple adjusting springs abutting against the synchronization plate, each distribution sleeve having a guide sleeve on its outer wall, the adjusting spring and the guide sleeve being coaxially arranged, and a guide rod being provided on the synchronization plate, the guide rod being inserted into the guide sleeve.

[0012] Preferably, each of the guide sleeves and adjusting springs has multiple sets of corresponding spiral holes and fixing grooves along the spiral line, and a magnetic rod is inserted into the fixing groove, with the magnetic rod fitting against the fixing groove.

[0013] Preferably, each of the distribution sleeves is rotatably connected to two inner sleeves, and each inner sleeve has multiple expansion springs installed on its sidewalls. The multiple expansion springs are connected to top wheels, and the multiple top wheels abut against the tool body.

[0014] Preferably, the grinding mechanism includes a grinding machine body, on which a translation component and a vertical component are provided, and the limiting sleeve and the tool body are respectively connected to the vertical component.

[0015] (III) Beneficial Effects Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a support device for machining carbide cutting tools on a CNC grinding machine, which has the following beneficial effects: This invention effectively solves the problems of deformation, chatter, and loss of precision caused by huge bending moments in deep cavity machining of long cantilever tools through an innovative stepped adaptive support force generation mechanism. Its core lies in the fact that the offset component can generate a distributed support force field that gradually increases from top to bottom according to a preset stiffness gradient. The distribution law of this force field matches the bending moment distribution curve generated by the tool due to the change of overhang length. Thus, the harmful bending moment is accurately offset by the actively applied reverse support torque, which significantly improves the dimensional accuracy, shape accuracy, and surface quality of grinding the inner wall of deep hole and deep cavity parts.

[0016] This invention achieves real-time, dynamic, and adaptive adjustment of the support force, ensuring continuous stability of the machining process. Its pressurization component can sense the real-time contact pressure between the tool and the inner wall of the workpiece through rollers, and transmit this mechanical signal to the entire support force generation mechanism without loss through the hydraulic system. This allows the support force to be adjusted in real time according to the changes in the radial feed of the tool and the contour of the workpiece. At the same time, the rotation component ensures that the support device can rotate synchronously with the tool, so that the direction of the support force is always accurately aligned with the normal of the inner wall of the workpiece, providing the tool with all-round, uninterrupted follow-up rigid support.

[0017] This invention possesses excellent process adaptability and convenient adjustability, allowing operators to quickly preset and fine-tune according to different tool specifications, overhang lengths, and processing requirements. The effective stiffness of each adjusting spring can be linearly adjusted by simply changing the insertion position of the magnetic rod in the spiral hole, thereby flexibly setting the required support force gradient distribution. The initial contact position of the roller can be precisely set by rotating the fine-tuning rod. This modular and visual adjustment method enables the device to quickly adapt to various processing conditions, greatly enhancing the versatility of the equipment and the process window.

[0018] The purely mechanical and hydraulic structural design of this invention gives it extremely high reliability and environmental tolerance. The entire process of sensing, transmitting and generating the support force does not rely on external power sources or complex electronic sensors, avoiding the risk of interference and failure of electrical signals in harsh processing environments. All key moving parts are well lubricated and sealed, the structure is robust and durable, and it can work stably for a long time in working conditions filled with cutting fluid and abrasive chips, effectively reducing maintenance costs and extending the service life of the machine tool host. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a support device for machining alloy cutting tools on a CNC grinding machine according to the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical component and the rotating body in this invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the vertical component and the tool body in this invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the tail rod and clamping rod in this invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the hydraulic sleeve and hydraulic rod in this invention; Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional view of the hydraulic sleeve and intermediate sleeve in this invention. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the distribution sleeve and adjusting spring in this invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the adjusting spring and the fixing sleeve in this invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the adjusting spring and magnetic rod in this invention.

[0020] In the diagram: 11. Rotary assembly; 12. Limiting sleeve; 13. Tool body; 14. Annular groove; 15. Annular sleeve; 21. Pressurizing assembly; 22. Clamping rod; 23. Tail rod; 24. Roller; 25. Hydraulic rod; 26. Hydraulic sleeve; 27. Intermediate sleeve; 28. Hoses; 29. ​​Telescopic sleeve; 31. Counteracting assembly; 32. Distribution sleeve; 33. Adjusting spring; 34. Synchronizing plate; 35. Guide sleeve; 36. Guide rod; 37. Spiral hole; 38. Fixing groove; 39. Magnetic rod; 41. Grinding mechanism; 42. Grinding machine body; 43. Translation assembly; 44. Vertical assembly; 210. Telescopic rod; 211. Fine-tuning tube; 212. Fine-tuning rod; 213. Nut; 310. Inner sleeve; 311. Expansion spring; 312. Top wheel. Detailed Implementation

[0021] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in this application can be combined with each other. The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0022] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in this application have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application pertains.

[0023] In this invention, unless otherwise stated, the directional terms such as "up" and "down" generally refer to the directions shown in the accompanying drawings, or to the vertical, perpendicular, or gravitational direction; similarly, for ease of understanding and description, "left" and "right" generally refer to the left and right shown in the accompanying drawings; "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours of each component itself, but the above directional terms are not intended to limit this invention.

[0024] Please see Figures 1 to 9 This embodiment mainly includes a support mechanism and a grinding mechanism 41. The support mechanism is the core for realizing dynamic bending moment compensation, and it further integrates a rotation component 11, a pressure component 21, and a counteracting component 31. The grinding mechanism 41 provides basic machine tool motion and drive functions.

[0025] 1. Grinding mechanism 41 and overall installation The grinding mechanism 41 includes a grinding machine body 42, on which a translation component 43 and a vertical component 44 are mounted for driving the cutting tool to perform multi-dimensional motion. The cutting tool body 13 (such as an extended grinding rod) is mounted on the output end of the vertical component 44 via a limiting sleeve 12. This support device is mounted on the cutting tool body 13 and enters the workpiece (such as a deep hole rotary body) along with it.

[0026] 2. Detailed Composition of the Supporting Mechanism 2.1 Rotary Component 11: Circumferential Follow-up Support Unit The rotating assembly 11 enables the support device to rotate freely around the tool axis, ensuring that the direction of the support force always points to the normal direction of the inner wall of the workpiece.

[0027] Main frame: A limiting sleeve 12 is fixedly fitted onto the tool body 13. Three independent annular grooves 14 are equally spaced along the circumference on the outer wall of the limiting sleeve 12.

[0028] Rotating bearing ring: Three annular sleeves 15 are respectively embedded and slidably installed in three annular grooves 14, so that each annular sleeve 15 can rotate freely around the tool axis independently.

[0029] 2.2 Pressurization Component 21: Radial Pressure Sensing and Hydraulic Signal Conversion Unit The pressure component 21 is used to sense the contact pressure between the tool and the inner wall of the workpiece, and convert this mechanical signal into a hydraulic signal for transmission and preliminary adjustment.

[0030] Contact and sensing mechanism: A clamping rod 22 is installed on each of the two annular sleeves 15, and a tail rod 23 is installed on the middle annular sleeve 15. A roller 24 is mounted at the end of each clamping rod 22 via a bearing. During operation, the two rollers 24 contact the inner wall of the workpiece.

[0031] Hydraulic generation and transmission: Two hydraulic rods 25 are staggered and sleeved on two clamping rods 22, located between two rollers 24. Two hydraulic sleeves 26 are sleeved on the tail rod 23. The piston end of the hydraulic rod 25 is slidably inserted into the corresponding hydraulic sleeve 26 to form a sealed oil chamber. The two hydraulic sleeves 26 are connected by an intermediate sleeve 27, which is rotatably mounted on the tail rod 23.

[0032] Piping and Adjustment: Each hydraulic sleeve 26 is connected to the upper and lower oil ports of the intermediate sleeve 27 via a flexible hose 28 to compensate for rotation. Multiple telescopic sleeves 29 are connected to the side wall of the intermediate sleeve 27, and each telescopic sleeve 29 has a telescopic rod 210 sealed and slidingly mounted inside. The outer wall of each hydraulic sleeve 26 is also connected to a fine-tuning tube 211, with a fine-tuning rod 212 threaded inside. Rotating the fine-tuning rod 212 slightly pushes the hydraulic rod 25, thereby changing the initial volume of the hydraulic oil and presetting the initial position of the roller 24. A nut 213 is used to lock the fine-tuning rod 212.

[0033] 2.3 Counteracting Component 31: Stepped Adaptive Support Force Generation Unit The offset component 31 is the core execution unit, which converts hydraulic pressure into a set of support forces distributed according to a preset gradient, and directly acts on the cutting tool.

[0034] Elastic matrix and force distribution mechanism: Multiple distribution sleeves 32 are fixedly arranged. Each distribution sleeve 32 contains an adjusting spring 33. The ends of all adjusting springs 33 abut against a synchronous plate 34, which is fixedly connected to the ends of all telescopic rods 210.

[0035] Stiffness gradient setting mechanism: Each distribution sleeve 32 is equipped with a guide sleeve 35. The guide rod 36 on the synchronization plate 34 is inserted into the guide sleeve 35 to ensure coaxial movement. The key design is that each adjusting spring 33 and its corresponding guide sleeve 35 have a set of corresponding spiral holes 37 and fixing grooves 38 along the spiral line. A magnetic rod 39 can be inserted into the spiral hole 37 and attracted into the fixing groove 38 by magnetic force. By inserting the magnetic rod 39 into the spiral holes at different heights, the effective working length of the adjusting spring 33 can be changed, thereby linearly changing its equivalent stiffness coefficient. It is usually set so that from top to bottom, the effective working length of the adjusting spring 33 decreases sequentially, and the stiffness coefficient increases sequentially (e.g., ...). Figure 7-9 (As shown).

[0036] Support force output: Two inner sleeves 310 are mounted on each distribution sleeve 32 via bearings. The sidewall of each inner sleeve 310 is connected to a top wheel 312 via multiple expansion springs 311. All top wheels 312 are always in contact with the side surface of the tool body 13 under the preload of the expansion springs 311.

[0037] 3. Working process and principle of the device S1: Installation and initial setup.

[0038] The support device is fitted onto the appropriate position of the tool body 13 and locked. Based on the diameter of the cavity to be machined, the initial radial positions of the two rollers 24 are finely adjusted by rotating the fine-tuning rods 212, ensuring they maintain adequate pre-pressure contact with the inner wall after the tool enters the workpiece. Based on the tool overhang length and the expected bending moment distribution, the stiffness gradient of the adjusting spring group 33 is pre-set (typically increasing from top to bottom) by inserting the magnetic rod 39 into the spiral holes 37 at different heights.

[0039] S2: Entering the workpiece and sensing pressure.

[0040] The machine tool drives the tool body 13, carrying the support device, into the deep cavity of the workpiece. When the tool is fed radially, causing the roller 24 to contact the inner wall of the workpiece, the inner wall generates a reaction force on the roller 24. This radial force pushes the clamping rod 22 and the annular sleeve 15 to rotate slightly, while simultaneously forcing the hydraulic rod 25 to press into the hydraulic sleeve 26.

[0041] S3: Hydraulic transmission and synchronous drive.

[0042] The movement of the hydraulic rod 25 compresses the oil inside the hydraulic sleeve 26. The pressurized oil is transmitted through the hose 28 and the intermediate sleeve 27 to the oil chambers of all the telescopic sleeves 29, pushing all the telescopic rods 210 to extend outward synchronously. The telescopic rods 210 push the synchronizing plate 34 to generate displacement.

[0043] S4: Stepped support force generation and bending moment compensation.

[0044] The displacement of the synchronization plate 34 synchronously compresses all the adjusting springs 33. According to Hooke's Law (F = kx), under the same compression displacement (x), the adjusting spring with a larger stiffness coefficient (k) generates a larger elastic force (F). Since a gradient of increasing stiffness from top to bottom has been preset, the supporting force generated by the lower adjusting spring is greater than that of the upper one. This set of elastic forces distributed according to the gradient acts on the corresponding height position of the tool body 13 through the top wheel 312, forming a distributed supporting force field that gradually increases from top to bottom. The distribution law of this supporting force field is designed to counteract the bending moment distribution caused by the different overhang lengths of the tool (the bending moment is the largest at the root), thereby significantly reducing the elastic deformation and vibration of the tool.

[0045] S5: Circumferential follow-up and continuous machining.

[0046] When the tool rotates for grinding, the friction between the inner wall of the workpiece and the roller 24 drives the entire support device (rotating within the annular groove 14 via the annular sleeve 15) to rotate synchronously around the tool axis, ensuring that the direction of the support force is always aligned with the normal in real time, providing continuous and stable support. During the machining process, the support force adaptively adjusts with changes in the radial feed rate of the tool.

[0047] S6: Exit and Reset.

[0048] After machining, the tool retracts radially, and the roller 24 disengages from the inner wall of the workpiece. Under the pressure balance within the hydraulic system and the restoring force of the adjusting spring 33, the telescopic rod 210 retracts, and all components return to their initial state.

[0049] Of all the solutions mentioned above, those involving the connection between two components can be selected according to the actual situation, such as welding, bolt and nut connection, bolt or screw connection, or other known connection methods, which will not be elaborated here. For all the fixed connections mentioned above, welding is preferred. Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A CNC grinding machine alloy tool processing support device, characterized by: The support mechanism and the polishing mechanism (41) are included; The support mechanism includes a rotating assembly (11), a pressurizing assembly (21) and a counteracting assembly (31), and the support mechanism can exert support force in a corresponding proportional relationship to avoid excessive torque due to the proportional relationship between the torque and the length of the long cutter; The rotating assembly (11) can rotate the support force on the cutter along with the rotation direction of the cutter along the inner wall of the rotating body, thereby ensuring that the cutter will generate support force at any time during polishing and improving the use effect; The pressurizing assembly (21) can generate support force on the cutter as the cutter approaches the rotating body, and the support force is associated with the polishing of the cutter; The support force generated by the counteracting assembly (31) is also proportional to the distance, so that the polishing effect is ensured by the mutual counteraction of the support forces; The polishing mechanism (41) ensures the continuity of polishing.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: The rotating assembly (11) includes a limiting sleeve (12) and a cutter body (13) coaxially arranged with the limiting sleeve (12), three annular grooves (14) are formed at equal intervals on the outer wall of the limiting sleeve (12), and three groups of annular sleeves (15) are respectively embedded and slidingly connected in each annular groove (14).

3. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein: the first and second support members are each formed of a material selected from the group consisting of steel, aluminum, and titanium. The pressurizing assembly (21) includes clamping rods (22) mounted on both sides of the annular sleeve (15), and the annular sleeve (15) in the middle is provided with a tail rod (23). Two clamping rods (22) are respectively rotatably sleeved with rollers (24), and when the cutter body (13) is in a polishing state, a plurality of rollers (24) are respectively attached to the inner wall of the rotating body.

4. The apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: Two clamping rods (22) are respectively and alternately sleeved with hydraulic rods (25), and the hydraulic rods (25) are respectively located between the two rollers (24). The tail rod (23) is sleeved with two hydraulic sleeves (26), and the hydraulic rods (25) are respectively and sealingly slidingly connected in the hydraulic sleeves (26). Two hydraulic sleeves (26) are provided with an intermediate sleeve (27) therebetween, and the intermediate sleeve (27) is rotatably connected to the tail rod (23).

5. The apparatus of claim 4 wherein: the first and second support members are each formed of a material selected from the group consisting of steel, aluminum, and titanium. Two hydraulic sleeves (26) are respectively and continuously provided with hoses (28), and the other ends of the two hoses (28) are continuously connected to the upper and lower sides of the intermediate sleeve (27). The side wall of the intermediate sleeve (27) is continuously provided with telescopic sleeves (29), and each telescopic sleeve (29) is respectively and sealingly slidingly connected with a telescopic rod (210).

6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein: the first and second support members are each formed of a material selected from the group consisting of steel, aluminum, and titanium. The outer wall of each hydraulic sleeve (26) is continuously provided with a fine adjustment tube (211), and the fine adjustment tube (211) is internally threaded with a fine adjustment rod (212). The fine adjustment rod (212) is threaded with a nut (213), and the nut (213) abuts against the fine adjustment tube (211).

7. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein: the first and second support members are each formed of a material selected from the group consisting of steel, aluminum, and titanium. The counteracting assembly (31) comprises a plurality of distribution sleeves (32), the side wall of each distribution sleeve (32) is respectively provided with an adjusting spring (33), the telescopic rod (210) is fixedly provided with a synchronous plate (34), the other end of the adjusting spring (33) abuts against the synchronous plate (34), the outer wall of each distribution sleeve (32) is respectively provided with a guide sleeve (35), and the adjusting spring (33) and the guide sleeve (35) are coaxially arranged, the synchronous plate (34) is provided with a guide rod (36), and the guide rod (36) is inserted into the guide sleeve (35).

8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein: the first and second support members are each formed of a material selected from the group consisting of steel, aluminum, and titanium. A plurality of groups of corresponding spiral holes (37) and fixing grooves (38) are respectively formed in each guide sleeve (35) and adjusting spring (33) along a spiral line, a magnetic rod (39) is inserted into the fixing groove (38), and the magnetic rod (39) is attached to the fixing groove (38).

9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein: the first and second support members are each formed of a material selected from the group consisting of steel, aluminum, and titanium. Two internal sleeves (310) are respectively rotationally connected to each distribution sleeve (32), the side wall of each internal sleeve (310) is respectively provided with a plurality of expansion springs (311), the plurality of expansion springs (311) are connected to a top wheel (312), and the plurality of top wheels (312) abut against the cutter body (13).

10. The apparatus of claim 2 wherein: 5 The polishing mechanism (41) comprises a grinding machine body (42), the grinding machine body (42) is provided with a translation assembly (43) and a vertical assembly (44), and the limiting sleeve (12) and the cutter body (13) are respectively connected to the vertical assembly (44).

Images