Compound fertilizer for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight and preparation method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a compound fertilizer for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of agriculture. The compound fertilizer for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 220 to 240 parts of chicken manure, 80 to 90 parts of rice straw, 5 to 7 parts of urea, 2.5 to 4 parts of urea formaldehyde, 10 to 12 parts of plant ash, 0.5 to 2 parts of potassium chloride, 8 to 10 parts of calcium superphosphate, 0.1 to 0.4 part of sodium molybdate, 0.1 to 0.5 part of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate and 5 to 8 parts of biomass charcoal. According to the designed preparation scheme of the compound fertilizer for preventing and treating the asparagus stem blight, the yield and quality of asparagus can be improved, the asparagus stem blight can be effectively prevented and treated, and drug resistance is not prone to being generated. Moreover, the fertilizer scheme is lower in production cost, green, pollution-free and longer in fertilizer efficiency, can reduce the topdressing frequency when being used for topdressing of asparagus, and has a very good application prospect.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of agricultural technology, in particular to a compound fertilizer for preventing asparagus stem blight and a preparation method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Asparagus, also known as Asparagus officinalis L., is a perennial herbaceous plant of the Liliaceae family Asparagus. Asparagus not only has a crisp and tender taste, but also has a high content of amino acids, proteins, trace elements and vitamins, and is rich in nutrients. At present, with the expansion of asparagus cultivation area worldwide, the occurrence of diseases has also increased year by year. How to reduce the impact of asparagus diseases to improve yield is gradually gaining attention.

[0003] Asparagus stem blight is caused by Pseudoperonospora asparagi. It mainly occurs in summer and autumn under high temperature and humidity conditions. This disease can seriously affect the yield of asparagus and even cause complete loss. Currently, the main methods for preventing asparagus stem blight are chemical pesticide control, selection of disease-resistant strains, and rotation with non-Liliaceae plants. However, chemical pesticide control has a quick effect but causes pesticide residues and negative impacts on the surrounding environment. The selection of disease-resistant strains requires a large amount of time and further research. Rotation with non-Liliaceae plants can prevent the occurrence of asparagus stem blight to a great extent, but asparagus is a perennial plant that can be harvested for several years after planting. Frequent rotation will obviously affect the yield of asparagus. Therefore, it is particularly important to design a better method for preventing asparagus stem blight to improve asparagus yield. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application relates to the field of agricultural technology, particularly to a compound fertilizer for preventing asparagus stem blight and a preparation method thereof.

[0005] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] One of the technical solutions of the present application is to provide a compound fertilizer for preventing asparagus stem blight, which comprises, by mass fraction:

[0007] chicken manure 220-240 parts, rice straw 80-90 parts, urea 5-7 parts, urea-formaldehyde 2.5-4 parts, wood ash 10-12 parts, potassium chloride 0.5-2 parts, superphosphate 8-10 parts, sodium molybdate 0.1-0.4 parts, amine ester 0.1-0.5 parts and biomass charcoal 5-8 parts.

[0008] Preferably, the preparation method of the biomass charcoal is as follows:

[0009] The walnut shell is calcined at 350 DEG C for 1h to obtain the biomass charcoal.

[0010] Preferably, the compound fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials in mass fraction:

[0011] chicken manure 225 parts, rice straw 85 parts, urea 6.1 parts, urea-formaldehyde 3.9 parts, wood ash 11 parts, potassium chloride 2 parts, superphosphate 9.5 parts, sodium molybdate 0.4 parts, amine ester 0.5 parts and biomass charcoal 8 parts.

[0012] The second technical scheme of the present application provides a preparation method of the compound fertilizer for preventing asparagus stem blight, comprising the following steps:

[0013] The chicken manure and rice straw are mixed and decomposed to obtain an organic component;

[0014] The remaining raw materials are uniformly stirred, and then mixed with the organic component to obtain the compound fertilizer for preventing asparagus stem blight.

[0015] Preferably, the decomposing time is 20-25d.

[0016] Preferably, before the decomposing operation, a crushing step is further included, and the crushing is crushing to pass through a 25-40 mesh sieve.

[0017] The third technical scheme of the present application provides an application of the compound fertilizer for preventing asparagus stem blight in the field of preventing asparagus stem blight.

[0018] The fourth technical scheme of the present application provides an asparagus planting method for preventing asparagus stem blight, wherein the above-mentioned compound fertilizer is used as a topdressing in the asparagus planting process.

[0019] The technical principle of the present application is as follows:

[0020] The N content in the compound fertilizer has a great influence on crops. After testing, it is found that when the addition amount of urea and urea formaldehyde exceeds the range defined in the application, although the asparagus yield can be increased in a short time, the asparagus stems grow densely, the stem cell wall is tender and thin, the plant branches and leaves grow tenderly, the soluble nitrogen in the plant increases, the lignin and cellulose decrease, the disease bacteria invade easily, the disease resistance decreases, and finally the yield decreases; moreover, if the asparagus branches and leaves are too lush, the field humidity will increase, thereby causing the disease bacteria to breed and spread in large quantities. When the addition amount of urea and urea formaldehyde is lower than the range defined in the application, the asparagus not only grows slowly and the yield decreases, but also the tender stems are easily hardened, thereby affecting the quality.

[0021] The application can comprehensively control the addition amount of chicken manure, urea and urea formaldehyde, so that the fertilizer effect is fast and durable, the fertilizer has the characteristics of rapid nitrogen supply of urea and the long-acting fertilizer advantage of chicken manure and urea formaldehyde, and the fertilizer utilization rate is improved.

[0022] The added potassium fertilizer (wood ash and potassium chloride) and molybdenum fertilizer (sodium molybdate) can better promote the healthy growth of the plant and improve the disease resistance, and have a significant effect on improving the yield. Moreover, compared with simply adding wood ash or other types of potassium fertilizer, the compound of wood ash and potassium chloride can provide greater help for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight, which may be because asparagus has a relatively high demand for chlorine, and providing an appropriate amount of chlorine element can better meet the needs of asparagus normal growth.

[0023] Compared with other types of phosphorus fertilizer, the application of calcium superphosphate promotes the root development to a greater extent, prevents the plant from growing excessively, improves the disease resistance of asparagus, and has a positive effect on reducing stem blight.

[0024] The addition of DA-6 in the application can promote the synthesis of indole acetic acid, a growth substance in asparagus, thereby promoting the growth of asparagus root system, significantly enhancing the activity of the underground part of asparagus, and making the root system more developed. Moreover, DA-6 can promote the synthesis of plant cell division elements, accelerate cell division, and help asparagus grow rapidly, thereby promoting the germination and growth of new shoots and forming healthy seedlings. Moreover, DA-6 can increase the content of chlorophyll in the plant, improve the photosynthetic rate of the plant, and will not cause the branches and leaves to grow excessively, and is suitable as a component of asparagus fertilizer.

[0025] The added biochar has a large specific surface area and porosity, can adsorb and fix the nutrient components in the fertilizer, and delay the release rate thereof; at the same time, the addition of biochar can also improve the soil structure, improve the soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, promote the growth of crop root system, and improve the stress resistance of crops.

[0026] The beneficial technical effects of the application are as follows:

[0027] The preparation scheme of the compound fertilizer for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight designed in the application can not only improve the yield and quality of asparagus, but also effectively prevent and treat asparagus stem blight, and is not prone to drug resistance. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] Various exemplary embodiments of the application are now described in detail, but should not be considered limiting, as the present application can be practiced in a variety of embodiments. It is understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting.

[0029] In addition, for numerical ranges in the present application, it is understood that every intermediate value of the upper and lower limits of the range is specifically included. Each intermediate value between any stated value or stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value in the stated range, is also included in the present application. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges can be independently included or excluded from the ranges.

[0030] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. Although methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present application, preferred methods and materials are described. Any and all

[0031] As used herein, the terms "comprise", "comprising", "include", "including", "have", "having" and the like are open-ended terms that are intended to mean "including but not limited to".

[0032] The preparation method of the biomass charcoal used in the following examples and comparative examples of the application is as follows: walnut shells are placed in a muffle furnace, and burned at 350 DEG C for 1 h, and then naturally cooled to room temperature.

[0033] The variety of asparagus seeds used in the following examples and comparative examples of the application is UC 157 -F2.

[0034] The raw materials used in the following examples and comparative examples of the application are all commercially available products.

[0035] Example 1

[0036] A compound fertilizer, which is composed of the following raw materials in mass fraction:

[0037] chicken manure 225 parts, rice straw 85 parts, urea 6.1 parts, urea-formaldehyde 3.9 parts, wood ash 11 parts, potassium chloride 2 parts, superphosphate 9.5 parts, sodium molybdate 0.4 parts, amaranthine 0.5 parts, and biomass charcoal 8 parts.

[0038] Preparation of the compound fertilizer:

[0039] The chicken manure and rice straw were mixed and ground in a grinder to pass through a 25-mesh sieve, and then were stacked in a fermentation tank with a moisture content of 50 wt% for composting. The composting time was 25 days, and a turning operation was performed every 3 days during the composting to obtain an organic component.

[0040] The remaining raw materials were stirred uniformly, and then were mixed with the organic component, granulated in a granulator, and dried to a moisture content of <20 wt% to obtain the compound fertilizer.

[0041] Example 2

[0042] A compound fertilizer composed of the following raw materials in parts by mass:

[0043] chicken manure 240 parts, rice straw 90 parts, urea 5 parts, urea-formaldehyde 3 parts, wood ash 11 parts, potassium chloride 0.5 parts, superphosphate 8 parts, sodium molybdate 0.2 parts, amaranthine 0.1 parts, and biomass charcoal 5 parts.

[0044] Preparation of the compound fertilizer:

[0045] The chicken manure and rice straw were mixed and ground in a grinder to pass through a 25-mesh sieve, and then were stacked in a fermentation tank with a moisture content of 50 wt% for composting. The composting time was 20 days, and a turning operation was performed every 3 days during the composting to obtain an organic component.

[0046] The remaining raw materials were stirred uniformly, and then were mixed with the organic component, granulated in a granulator, and dried to a moisture content of <20 wt% to obtain the compound fertilizer.

[0047] Comparative Example 1

[0048] The difference from Example 1 is that the amount of urea added was modified to 12 parts by mass.

[0049] Comparative Example 2

[0050] The difference from Example 1 is that the addition of urea was omitted and an equal amount of urea-formaldehyde was added.

[0051] Comparative Example 3

[0052] The difference from Example 1 is that the addition of potassium chloride was omitted and an equal amount of wood ash was added.

[0053] Comparative Example 4

[0054] The difference from Example 1 is only that the addition of sodium molybdate is omitted.

[0055] Comparative Example 5

[0056] The difference from Example 1 is only that the addition of amaranth is omitted.

[0057] Comparative Example 6

[0058] The difference from Example 1 is only that the addition of biomass charcoal is omitted and equal mass parts of humic acid are supplemented.

[0059] Comparative Example 7 (conventional fertilizer)

[0060] A compound fertilizer is composed of the following mass parts of raw materials:

[0061] Chicken manure 225 parts, rice straw 85 parts, urea 14 parts, superphosphate 10 parts, potassium sulfate 10 parts.

[0062] Preparation of the compound fertilizer:

[0063] The chicken manure and rice straw are mixed and ground in a grinder to pass through a 25-mesh sieve, and then are stacked in a fermentation tank with a moisture content of 50 wt% for retting. The retting time is 25 days, and a turning operation is performed every 3 days during the period to obtain an organic component;

[0064] The remaining raw materials are stirred uniformly, and then are mixed with the organic component and placed in a granulator for granulation. After drying to a moisture content of <20 wt%, the compound fertilizer is obtained.

[0065] Effect verification

[0066] A piece of asparagus planting plot that had asparagus stem blight problems the previous year is selected in Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, and 9 plots of 100 m 2 are randomly selected from it. The fertilizers prepared in Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-7 are applied as top dressing to each plot. The specific application method is as follows: the fertilizers are applied at the end of March (fertilizer amount 1400 kg / mu), the beginning of July (fertilizer amount 900 kg / mu), and the beginning of August (fertilizer amount 900 kg / mu) of the current year, and the application method is as follows: a 25-35 cm deep ditch is opened at a distance of 20-30 cm from the plant, the fertilizer is applied, and the soil is covered after application. Other field management methods are performed by the local conventional method.

[0067] The mother stems are left in the middle of May of the current year, and the disease base investigation is performed at the end of September. 100 mother stems are randomly selected in each plot for investigation, and the average value is taken. The disease score standard of asparagus stem blight is shown in Table 1, and the disease score results of each plot are shown in Table 2.

[0068] Table 1 Disease score standard of asparagus stem blight

[0069] Symptoms 0 No lesion 1-4 1-6 lesions, and no branch dieback 5-9 7 or more lesions, or branch dieback 10 Death due to stem blight

[0070] After the harvest of asparagus, the asparagus yield of the current year is counted, and the results are shown in Table 2.

[0071] Table 2 Data statistics

[0072] Primary year disease score Subsequent year disease score Primary year yield (kg) Subsequent year yield (kg) Example 1 0.47 0.41 342.1 355.7 Example 2 0.62 0.58 337.4 340.6 Comparative Example 1 1.42 1.54 320.5 319.1 Comparative Example 2 0.91 0.97 308.6 307.8 Comparative Example 3 1.14 1.28 319.7 320.4 Comparative Example 4 1.67 1.95 317.0 316.3 Comparative Example 5 2.39 2.52 295.3 293.2 Comparative Example 6 1.08 1.26 322.8 322.5 Comparative Example 7 3.73 3.90 274.7 271.9

[0073] The above-described embodiments are only to illustrate the preferred modes of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. Without departing from the design spirit of the present application, various modifications and improvements to the technical solutions of the present application made by those skilled in the art shall fall within the protection scope determined by the claims of the present application.

Claims

1. A compound fertilizer for the prevention and control of asparagus stem blight, characterized in that, The raw materials, by mass parts, include: chicken manure 220-240 parts, rice straw 80-90 parts, urea 5-7 parts, urea-formaldehyde 2.5-4 parts, wood ash 10-12 parts, potassium chloride 0.5-2 parts, superphosphate 8-10 parts, sodium molybdate 0.1-0.4 parts, amine ester 0.1-0.5 parts, and biomass charcoal 5-8 parts.

2. The compound fertilizer for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight according to claim 1, characterized by, The preparation method of the biomass charcoal is: The walnut shell is burned at 350℃ for 1h to obtain the biomass charcoal.

3. The compound fertilizer for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight according to claim 1, characterized by, The compound fertilizer is composed of the following raw materials by mass parts: chicken manure 225 parts, rice straw 85 parts, urea 6.1 parts, urea-formaldehyde 3.9 parts, wood ash 11 parts, potassium chloride 2 parts, superphosphate 9.5 parts, sodium molybdate 0.4 parts, amine ester 0.5 parts, and biomass charcoal 8 parts.

4. A method for preparing the compound fertilizer for preventing and treating the stem blight of asparagus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The method includes the following steps: chicken manure and rice straw are mixed and retted to obtain an organic component; the remaining raw materials are stirred uniformly, and then mixed with the organic component to obtain the compound fertilizer for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight.

5. The production method according to claim 4, characterized by, The retting time is 20-25d.

6. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, Before the retting operation, a crushing step is further included, which is crushing to pass through a 25-40 mesh sieve.

7. Use of the compound fertilizer for preventing and treating asparagus stem blight according to any one of claims 1-3 in the field of preventing and treating asparagus stem blight.

8. A method of growing asparagus to control asparagus stem blight, characterized by, The compound fertilizer according to any one of claims 1-3 is used as a topdressing in the process of asparagus planting.