Oscillating water column type breakwater

Abstract

The invention discloses an oscillating water column type breakwater which comprises an oscillating water column type breakwater body and further comprises an air compression station, an air curtain exhaust pipe, a front side air curtain nozzle and a rear side air curtain nozzle, and the front side air curtain nozzle and the rear side air curtain nozzle are both arranged underwater and distributed on the front side and the rear side of the oscillating water column type breakwater body. One end of the air curtain exhaust pipe is connected with the air compression station, and the other end of the air curtain exhaust pipe is connected with the front side air curtain nozzle and the rear side air curtain nozzle. The breakwater has the advantages that quick-wear parts are small in size and convenient to replace, wave loads can be restrained, the breakwater is protected, meanwhile, wave absorption can be assisted, additional wave loads cannot be generated additionally, and regulation and control are convenient.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of breakwater, in particular to an oscillating water column type breakwater. BACKGROUND

[0002] The oscillating water column type breakwater is a new type of breakwater combined with an oscillating water column wave energy conversion device and a breakwater, which not only has the function of wave protection and wave dissipation, but also can capture wave energy for power generation. At present, the oscillating water column type breakwater put into engineering practice generally adopts the structure form of directly installing the oscillating water column wave energy conversion device on the outside (or front side) of the vertical caisson breakwater. The air chamber outer wall of the device simultaneously serves as the wave-encountering surface structure of the breakwater, and directly bears the action of the wave force of the outer sea. As a key environmental load affecting the safety of marine engineering structures, the effect of the wave force cannot be ignored. Especially for the oscillating water column type breakwater, the existence of the internal cavity structure to some extent weakens the overall structural rigidity and strength, resulting in that the front wall part is more prone to structural damage when facing extreme or unevenly distributed wave loads.

[0003] At present, there is still a lack of effective means for the wave load suppression problem of the oscillating water column type breakwater. Although the scheme of adopting a front-positioned solid wave-absorbing structure can alleviate the wave load acting on the oscillating water column type breakwater under extreme sea conditions to some extent, the solid structure itself will also introduce significant additional wave force, resulting in an increase in the overall stress of the oscillating water column type breakwater. In addition, the marine environment is complex and changeable, and the front-positioned solid wave-absorbing structure lacks controllable adjustment ability for real-time sea conditions, and it is difficult to balance the multi-working condition demand of mainly storing energy under normal sea conditions and mainly suppressing load under extreme sea conditions. In the face of this challenge, it is particularly urgent to develop a new way to dynamically control the wave load suppression of the oscillating water column type breakwater according to the sea condition level. SUMMARY

[0004] The technical problem to be solved by the present application is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art, and to provide an oscillating water column type breakwater with small and delicate easy-to-replace parts, which can suppress wave load, protect the breakwater, assist wave dissipation, not produce additional wave load, and be convenient to control.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the following technical solutions are adopted in the present application: An oscillating water column type breakwater, comprising an oscillating water column type breakwater body, a gas compression station, a gas curtain exhaust pipe, a front side gas curtain nozzle and a rear side gas curtain nozzle, wherein the front side gas curtain nozzle and the rear side gas curtain nozzle are arranged underwater and distributed on the front and rear sides of the oscillating water column type breakwater body, one end of the gas curtain exhaust pipe is connected with the gas compression station, and the other end of the gas curtain exhaust pipe is connected with the front side gas curtain nozzle and the rear side gas curtain nozzle.

[0006] As a further improvement of the above technical solution: the front side air curtain nozzle is provided with a wave height gauge for obtaining incident wave information.

[0007] As a further improvement of the above technical solution: the wave height gauge is spaced apart from the front side air curtain nozzle by more than 5 meters in the front-rear direction.

[0008] As a further improvement of the above technical solution: the wave height gauge is fixed to the oscillating water column breakwater body by a first support rod.

[0009] As a further improvement of the above technical solution: the first support rod is provided with an anti-corrosion coating.

[0010] As a further improvement of the above technical solution: the front side air curtain nozzle is spaced apart from the oscillating water column breakwater body by more than 1 meter in the front-rear direction, and the rear side air curtain nozzle is spaced apart from the oscillating water column breakwater body by more than 1 meter in the front-rear direction.

[0011] As a further improvement of the above technical solution: the oscillating water column breakwater body converts wave energy into electrical energy through an air turbine and provides the electrical energy to the air compression station.

[0012] As a further improvement of the above technical solution: the air curtain exhaust pipe is provided with a front side branch and a rear side branch at the other end, the front side branch is provided with an open-close control valve and is connected to the front side air curtain nozzle, and the rear side branch is provided with an open-close control valve and is connected to the rear side air curtain nozzle.

[0013] As a further improvement of the above technical solution: the air compression station is provided on the oscillating water column breakwater body, and the air curtain exhaust pipe is fixed to the oscillating water column breakwater body by a second support rod.

[0014] As a further improvement of the above technical solution: the air curtain exhaust pipe, the front side air curtain nozzle, the rear side air curtain nozzle, and the second support rod are coated with an anti-corrosion coating.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages: The oscillating water column breakwater disclosed in the present application compresses air in the air compression station, releases the air through the front air curtain exhaust pipe and the rear air curtain exhaust pipe through the front air curtain nozzle and the rear air curtain nozzle, and then forms a bubble curtain on the front and rear sides of the oscillating water column breakwater body, so that the bubble curtain replaces the traditional rigid wave absorbing structure, thereby avoiding the introduction of additional wave loads, inhibiting the wave loads of the oscillating water column breakwater, and protecting the oscillating water column breakwater while assisting in wave absorption. The wave action mechanism thereof mainly relies on the following three physical processes: (1) horizontal flow disturbance and wave structure destruction, the upward movement of the bubbles generates a horizontal flow opposite to the wave propagation direction near the water surface, thereby interfering with the inherent motion trajectory of the wave water particles, leading to wave breaking and wave surface deformation; (2) medium difference of the bubble curtain, the density difference between air and water is significant, resulting in reflection, transmission and diffraction at the air-water interface when the wave propagates to the air curtain, and most of the incident wave energy is reflected or diffracted; (3) vortex and turbulent energy dissipation, near the air curtain, the fluid shear forms a strong vortex and turbulent flow area, and through the viscous dissipation and energy cascade process, the wave kinetic energy is converted into heat energy. For the normal sea condition, the front air curtain nozzle is closed, and the energy storage and wave absorption of the oscillating water column breakwater are mainly used; for the extreme sea condition, the front air curtain nozzle is opened, and the wave load is inhibited and the wave absorption is mainly used, which can meet the multi-working condition demand of mainly storing energy under normal sea condition and mainly inhibiting load under extreme sea condition. Among them, the underwater air curtain exhaust pipe has the advantages of small size, convenient replacement and extremely low wave load which can be ignored, and does not produce additional wave load.

[0016] Other features and advantages of the present application will be described in detail in the following specific embodiments. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of the oscillating water column breakwater of the present application. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the wave load inducement of the oscillating water column breakwater, wherein (a) is the type of wave force; (b) is wave slamming; (c) is vortex-induced vibration; (d) is "liquid column-air" coupling resonance.

[0018] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the bubble flow profile characteristics.

[0019] Figure 4 is a free surface diagram of air curtain wave absorption.

[0020] Figure 5 is a free surface diagram of the oscillating water column breakwater integrated with the front air curtain.

[0021] Figure 6 is a comparison diagram of the front wall stress curve of the oscillating water column breakwater under irregular waves.

[0022] The various reference signs in the drawings represent: 1, oscillating water column breakwater body; 2, air compression station; 3, air curtain exhaust pipe; 4, front air curtain nozzle; 5, rear air curtain nozzle; 6, wave height gauge; 7, second support rod; 8, first support rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer" and the like indicate the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present application and simplifying the description, and therefore cannot be understood as indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present application.

[0024] In addition, the terms "first", "second" are only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, the features defined with "first", "second" can explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present application, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited.

[0025] In the present application, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "assembly", "connection", "connection", "fixing" and the like should be understood broadly, for example, it can be fixed connection, or detachable connection, or integral; can be mechanical connection, or electrical connection; can be directly connected, or indirectly connected through intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction relationship of two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0026] The present application will be further described in detail below in combination with the drawings and specific embodiments of the present application.

[0027] As Figure 1As shown, the oscillating water column breakwater of the embodiment includes an oscillating water column breakwater body 1, an air compressor station 2, an air curtain exhaust pipe 3, a front air curtain nozzle 4, a rear air curtain nozzle 5, and a front wave height gauge 6. The air compressor station 2 is fixed on the oscillating water column breakwater body 1, and the installation position is not limited, which can be placed on the top of the oscillating water column breakwater body 1 or on the side wall of the oscillating water column breakwater body 1. The air curtain exhaust pipe 3 extends from the air compressor station 2 to underwater, and is fixed through the oscillating water column breakwater body 1 and a second support rod 7 (or the air curtain exhaust pipe 3 is fixed on the oscillating water column breakwater body 1 through the second support rod 7). Preferably, the air curtain exhaust pipe 3 has two independently controlled channels, which are connected with the front air curtain nozzle 4 and the rear air curtain nozzle 5 respectively (of course, in other embodiments, two air curtain exhaust pipes 3 can be arranged at the outlet of the air compressor station 2 in parallel, which are used to connect the front air curtain nozzle 4 and the rear air curtain nozzle 5 respectively). The type of the channel opening and closing control valve is not limited, which can be an electromagnetic valve, a butterfly valve, a gate valve, etc. The front wave height gauge 6 is connected with the oscillating water column breakwater body 1 through a first support rod 8, and the type of the wave height gauge 6 is not limited, which can be a resistance type, a radar type, an ultrasonic type, etc. The second support rod 7 and the first support rod 8 are both fixed on the oscillating water column breakwater body 1, and the connection points are not limited. The materials of the air curtain exhaust pipe 3, the front air curtain nozzle 4, the rear air curtain nozzle 5, the second support rod 7 and the first support rod 8 are not limited, which can be steel, glass fiber reinforced plastic, composite material, etc.

[0028] Preferably, the front wave height gauge 6 is arranged in the wave direction of the front air curtain nozzle 4, and the horizontal distance between the front wave height gauge 6 and the front air curtain nozzle 4 is greater than 5 m, which is used to obtain the incident wave information.

[0029] Preferably, the horizontal distance between the front air curtain nozzle 4 and the rear air curtain nozzle 5 and the air chamber outer wall of the oscillating water column breakwater body 1 is greater than 1 m.

[0030] Preferably, the surfaces of the air curtain exhaust pipe 3, the front air curtain nozzle 4, the rear air curtain nozzle 5, the second support rod 7 and the first support rod 8 are coated with an anti-corrosion coating, which is beneficial to prolong the service life and reduce the replacement frequency.

[0031] Preferably, the electric energy of the air compressor station 2 is provided by the oscillating water column breakwater body 1 through the air turbine to convert the wave energy into electric energy, which can be applied to the deep sea island and other cable-free environments.

[0032] The air compressor station 2 is used to compress air, which is released through the front air curtain nozzle 4 and the rear air curtain nozzle 5 through the air curtain exhaust pipe 3, so as to form an air bubble curtain in front of and behind the oscillating water column breakwater.

[0033] Preferably, the sea state level is estimated based on the wave surface information monitored by the front wave height meter 6. If it is determined to be a normal sea state, the front air curtain nozzle 4 is closed, with the energy storage and wave dissipation mainly achieved by the oscillating water column breakwater; if it is determined to be an extreme sea state, the front air curtain nozzle 4 is opened, with the energy storage and wave dissipation mainly achieved by suppressing wave loads. The above sea state level classification criteria can be customized.

[0034] The load suppression and wave dissipation performance of the oscillating water column breakwater of this invention are illustrated below with reference to schematic diagrams and computational fluid dynamics numerical simulations: Figure 2 The diagram shown illustrates the wave load inducing factors of an oscillating water column breakwater. Figure 2 As shown in Figure a, it includes the direct dynamic pressure load of waves acting directly on the structure and the pressure load caused by the oscillation of the water column in the air chamber. The direct wave load mainly acts on the inner and outer walls of the front wall of the oscillating water column breakwater body 1, exhibiting spatiotemporal non-uniformity, such as... Figure 2 As shown in b, the instantaneous pressure peak can reach 8-10 times the average value, easily inducing local buckling failure of the structure. Simultaneously, during the alternating entry and exit of waves into the air chamber of the oscillating water column breakwater, the water level oscillation zone is dominated by pulsating pressure and vortex shedding, and a Karman vortex street is easily generated at the right-angled edge of the lower end of the submerged area of ​​the front wall, such as... Figure 2 As shown in Figure c, periodic low-pressure pulsations are induced, leading to structural vibration and fatigue damage. On the other hand, when water rapidly exits the air chamber, an aerodynamically coupled negative pressure zone forms at the top of the chamber. When the incident wave frequency approaches the device's natural frequency, a "liquid-air" coupled resonance effect is triggered, such as... Figure 2 As shown in d, this poses a serious threat to the air chamber structure. Therefore, by generating a bubble curtain on the wave-facing side of the oscillating water column breakwater body 1, an air curtain plume is created, which disrupts the water flow structure inside the wave and dissipates the energy of the incident wave, such as... Figure 3 As shown, from the perspective of physical mechanism analysis, it can be explained that it has the ability to weaken the above-mentioned wave load inducement.

[0035] Figure 4 The figure shows the wave dissipation process of an air curtain under the action of a long-period wave in a numerical simulation. It can be seen that the bubble curtain can significantly hinder the propagation of wave energy and thus dissipate the wave.

[0036] Figure 5 The figure shows the interaction between the invention and waves under the action of long-period waves in a numerical simulation. It can be seen that the wave surface behind the oscillating water column breakwater with integrated controllable air curtain system is quite stable, and the invention has a good wave-damping effect. To illustrate that the invention can effectively suppress wave loads acting on the oscillating water column breakwater, this paper also uses numerical simulation to simulate the invention and compares the results with those without integrated controllable air curtain system.

[0037] Figure 6The figure shows a comparison of the stress history curves of the front wall of the oscillating water column breakwater under irregular sea conditions. It can be seen from the figure that the present invention can effectively suppress the wave load acting on the oscillating water column breakwater.

[0038] While the present invention has been disclosed above with reference to preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can make many possible variations and modifications to the technical solutions of the present invention, or modify them into equivalent embodiments, without departing from the scope of the present invention. Therefore, any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and modifications made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention, without departing from the scope of the present invention, should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A standing wave breakwater, comprising a standing wave breakwater body (1), characterized in that: It also includes a compressor station (2), a gas curtain exhaust pipe (3), a front side gas curtain nozzle (4) and a rear side gas curtain nozzle (5), the front side gas curtain nozzle (4) and the rear side gas curtain nozzle (5) are arranged underwater and distributed on the front and rear sides of the oscillating water column breakwater body (1), one end of the gas curtain exhaust pipe (3) is connected with the compressor station (2), the other end of the gas curtain exhaust pipe (3) is connected with the front side gas curtain nozzle (4) and the rear side gas curtain nozzle (5).

2. The oscillating water column breakwater of claim 1, wherein: The front side gas curtain nozzle (4) is provided with a wave height instrument (6) for obtaining incident wave information in the direction of the oncoming wave.

3. The oscillating water column breakwater of claim 2, wherein: The distance between the wave height instrument (6) and the front side gas curtain nozzle (4) in the front and rear direction is greater than 5 meters.

4. The oscillating water column breakwater of claim 2, wherein: The wave height instrument (6) is fixed on the oscillating water column breakwater body (1) by a first support rod (8).

5. The oscillating water column breakwater of claim 4, wherein: The first support rod (8) is provided with an anti-corrosion coating on the surface.

6. The oscillating water column breakwater of claim 1, wherein: The distance between the front side gas curtain nozzle (4) and the oscillating water column breakwater body (1) in the front and rear direction is greater than 1 meter, and the distance between the rear side gas curtain nozzle (5) and the oscillating water column breakwater body (1) in the front and rear direction is greater than 1 meter.

7. The oscillating water column breakwater of claim 1, wherein: The oscillating water column breakwater body (1) converts wave energy into electric energy by an air turbine and provides it to the compressor station (2).

8. The oscillating water column breakwater of claim 1, wherein: The other end of the gas curtain exhaust pipe (3) is provided with a front side branch and a rear side branch, the front side branch is provided with an on-off control valve and is connected with the front side gas curtain nozzle (4), and the rear side branch is provided with an on-off control valve and is connected with the front side gas curtain nozzle (4).

9. The oscillating water column breakwater according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The compressor station (2) is arranged on the oscillating water column breakwater body (1), and the gas curtain exhaust pipe (3) is fixed on the oscillating water column breakwater body (1) by a second support rod (7).

10. The oscillating water column breakwater of claim 9, wherein: The gas curtain exhaust pipe (3), the front side gas curtain nozzle (4), the rear side gas curtain nozzle (5) and the second support rod (7) are coated with an anti-corrosion coating on the surface.

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