Intensive array seismograph embedding switchable hole pattern hole-forming device and use method of dense array seismograph embedding switchable hole pattern hole-forming device

Abstract

The invention relates to a dense array seismograph embedding switchable hole pattern hole forming device and a use method, the device comprises a main drill assembly, a cantilever cutter assembly, a feeding control assembly and a controller, the main drill assembly comprises a rotary power part, a transmission part, a drill rod and a main rack, the rotary power part is arranged in the main rack and is sequentially connected with the transmission part and the drill rod, and the cantilever cutter assembly is arranged on the main rack and is connected with the transmission part and the drill rod; the cantilever cutter assembly comprises a plurality of cantilevers, a cutter, a second connecting piece and an adjusting unit, each cantilever comprises a connecting part and a measuring part, the measuring part is provided with a guide sliding groove, the sliding block is in sliding connection with the guide sliding groove, the two ends of the second connecting piece are connected with the sliding block and the cutter respectively, and the locking mechanism is arranged on the sliding block to lock the position of the sliding block. The feeding control assembly comprises a feeding power piece, a shell and a support, the top end of the feeding power piece is connected with the shell, the bottom end of the feeding power piece is connected with the main rack, and the connecting part of the cantilever is connected with the main rack through a detachable first connecting piece. Therefore, according to the design, rapid switching between the round hole and the square hole can be achieved on the same device.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a hole-forming device and its method of use, belonging to the field of seismograph deployment, and particularly to a hole-forming device and its method of use for embedding a dense array seismograph with switchable hole types. Background Technology

[0002] In shale gas exploration, to achieve high-precision monitoring of microseismic events, dense arrays of seismographs need to be deployed on the surface. These arrays typically consist of dozens to hundreds of nodal seismographs. During deployment, each seismograph needs to be buried at a certain depth (usually 30cm to 80cm) to ensure stable coupling between the seismograph and the formation and to isolate it from surface noise, thereby ensuring the quality of data acquisition. Currently, the installation of seismographs mainly relies on manual excavation of installation holes, which is inefficient and results in inconsistent hole quality. To address the efficiency issue, mechanical hole-forming devices (such as handheld augers) are often used to directly form circular holes. However, since seismograph casings come in both circular and square shapes, the corresponding hole type needs to be excavated according to the different shapes during installation. Existing hole-forming devices require first machining a circular hole and then manually excavating a second time to form a square hole when excavating a square hole, making it impossible to quickly switch between circular and square holes on the same device.

[0003] Chinese patent application No. 202322686319.1, filed on October 8, 2023, discloses a rapid hole-forming device for embedding a nodal seismograph. The device includes a handle, a motor, transmission components, support rods, a support frame, and four digging plates. The motor is fixedly mounted on the top of the handle, and a downwardly extending transmission shaft is fixedly mounted on the motor's output shaft. Four support rods are fixedly mounted at equal angles on the bottom periphery of the handle, and a support frame is fixedly mounted on the lower inner side of the four support rods. The outer edge of the transmission shaft has a helical groove and a connecting block. The inner wall of the connecting block has an internal thread that helically engages with the helical groove on the transmission shaft. The four digging plates are respectively positioned below the four support rods. The connecting block is connected to the digging plates through four transmission components to achieve the opening and closing action of the digging plates, thereby completing the hole-digging. Although this patent can improve efficiency and hole-forming quality, it still has the following drawbacks:

[0004] This design can only form circular embedding holes, and square embedding holes need to be formed by secondary processing on the circular holes. This still makes it impossible to quickly switch between circular and square holes on the same device.

[0005] The information disclosed in this background section is intended only to enhance the understanding of the overall background of this patent application and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that the information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the defects and problems of existing technologies that cannot quickly switch between circular and square holes on the same device, and to provide a hole-forming device and method for laying switchable hole types for dense array seismographs that can quickly switch between circular and square holes on the same device.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is: a hole-forming device and method for burying a dense array seismograph with switchable hole types, wherein the hole-forming device includes a main drilling assembly, a cantilever cutting assembly, a feed control assembly and a controller;

[0008] The main drilling assembly includes a rotary power component, a transmission component, a drill pipe, and a main frame; the rotary power component is installed inside the main frame, the output end of the rotary power component is fixedly connected to the input end of the transmission component, and the output end of the transmission component is fixedly connected to the top end of the drill pipe;

[0009] The cantilever cutter assembly includes multiple cantilever arms, multiple cutters, multiple second connectors, and multiple adjustment units. Each cantilever arm includes a connecting portion and a measuring portion connected in sequence. Each adjustment unit includes a slider and a locking mechanism. The measuring portion has a guide groove along its length, and the slider is slidably connected to the guide groove. One end of each second connector is fixedly connected to the slider, and the other end is fixedly connected to the cutter. The locking mechanism is located on the slider and is used to lock the slider at a selected position within the guide groove.

[0010] The feed control assembly includes a feed power component, a housing, and several supports; the output end of the feed power component is connected to the top of the housing, and the supports are fixedly connected to the housing.

[0011] The bottom end of the feed power component is fixedly connected to the top end of the main frame, and the connecting part is connected to the main frame through a detachable first connecting piece; the controller is electrically connected to the rotary power component and the feed power component respectively.

[0012] The first connector includes a radial positioning assembly and an axial clamping assembly;

[0013] The radial positioning assembly includes a positioning pin; the axial clamping assembly includes an anti-loosening washer and a fixing bolt.

[0014] A slot is provided at the end of the connecting part away from the measuring part;

[0015] The side of the main frame is provided with a vertical hole and a horizontal positioning pin hole; the vertical hole and the horizontal positioning pin hole are connected to each other; the part of the vertical hole above the horizontal positioning pin hole is the upper positioning hole, and the part of the vertical hole below the horizontal positioning pin hole is the lower positioning hole; the upper positioning hole is a smooth hole, and the lower positioning hole is a threaded hole.

[0016] The positioning pin is fixedly connected to the inside of the main frame, and the positioning pin is located in the horizontal positioning pin hole;

[0017] The connecting part has through bolt holes at positions corresponding to the upper and lower positioning holes.

[0018] The connection between the connecting part and the main frame via a detachable first connector is achieved in the following way:

[0019] First, insert the connecting part into the horizontal positioning pin hole until the groove on the connecting part engages with the positioning pin in the horizontal positioning pin hole; then, after passing the fixing bolt through the anti-loosening washer, the upper positioning hole, and the connecting bolt hole, screw it into the lower positioning hole to fix the connection.

[0020] The locking mechanism includes a locking bolt and an anti-loosening washer;

[0021] The measuring part has a through fixing hole at the position corresponding to the guide groove;

[0022] The slider has a threaded hole, and the locking bolt passes through the anti-loosening washer and the fixing hole in sequence before being threaded into the threaded hole of the slider.

[0023] The drill rod has a central hole extending along the axial direction, and a spiral slag guide groove is provided on the inner wall of the central hole.

[0024] The bottom end of the drill rod is provided with a slag discharge port, which is connected to the central hole.

[0025] The outer shell has multiple guide holes, and the cantilever slides into the corresponding guide holes.

[0026] The hole-forming device also includes a shock-absorbing component;

[0027] The shock absorption assembly includes a disc spring damper, a hydraulic shock absorption unit, and an airbag shock absorption sleeve.

[0028] The disc spring damper is disposed between the transmission component and the drill pipe;

[0029] The hydraulic shock absorption unit is installed between the main frame and the outer casing;

[0030] The airbag shock absorber sleeve is fitted onto the connecting part, and the airbag shock absorber sleeve fits against the inner wall of the horizontal positioning pin hole;

[0031] The controller is electrically connected to the disc spring damper and the hydraulic shock absorption unit, respectively.

[0032] The hole-forming device also includes a hole wall monitoring module, which includes several infrared ranging sensors;

[0033] The infrared ranging sensor is fixedly connected to the bottom of the main frame. All the infrared ranging sensors are evenly distributed around the axis of the drill rod, and the detection end of the infrared ranging sensor faces the drilling direction.

[0034] The infrared ranging sensor is electrically connected to the controller.

[0035] The method of use includes:

[0036] Step 1: First, fix the bracket to the ground, and then determine whether the required aperture type is round or square based on the shape of the outer shell of the seismograph to be buried;

[0037] Step 2: When the required hole shape is circular, keep the cantilever cutter assembly in the disassembled state, start the controller, the controller controls the rotating power component to work, the power output of the rotating power component drives the drill rod to rotate through the transmission component, and controls the axial feed of the main frame through the feed power component, the main frame drives the drill rod to press down synchronously, thereby drilling a circular hole;

[0038] When the required hole shape is square, the connecting part is first fixedly connected to the main frame through the first connecting piece; then, according to the size of the seismograph, the position of the slider is adjusted along the guide groove of the measuring part to set the radial extension distance of the cutter, and the slider is locked in the selected position of the guide groove using the locking mechanism.

[0039] Then, the controller is started, which controls the rotating power component to work. The power output from the rotating power component drives the drill rod to rotate through the transmission component. At the same time, the controller controls the feed power component to work, which drives the main frame to feed axially. The main frame drives the drill rod and the cutter to press down synchronously, so that the cutter scrapes the side wall of the drill hole in a circumferential manner, thereby forming a square drill hole.

[0040] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0041] 1. This invention discloses a hole-forming device and method for burying a dense array seismograph with switchable hole types, comprising a main drilling assembly, a cantilever cutting assembly, a feed control assembly, and a controller. The main drilling assembly includes a rotating power component, a transmission component, a drill rod, and a main frame. The rotating power component is housed within the main frame and sequentially connected to the transmission component and the drill rod. The cantilever cutting assembly includes multiple cantilever arms, a cutting blade, a second connecting member, and an adjustment unit. Each cantilever arm includes a connecting part and a measuring part. The measuring part is provided with a guide groove, and a slider is slidably connected to the guide groove. The two ends of the second connecting member are respectively connected to the slider and the cutting blade. A locking mechanism is provided on the slider to lock the slider position. The feed control assembly includes a feed power component, a housing, and a support. The top end of the feed power component is connected to the housing, and the bottom end is connected to the main frame. The connecting part of the cantilever arm is connected to the main frame through a detachable first connecting member. The controller is electrically connected to the rotating power component and the feed power component. In application, the support is first fixed to the ground, and then the required hole type (circular or circular) is determined based on the shape of the housing of the seismograph to be buried. When the required hole shape is circular, the cantilever cutter assembly is kept in the disassembled state. The controller is activated, and the controller controls the rotary power component to work. The power output of the rotary power component drives the drill rod to rotate via the transmission component, and controls the axial feed of the main frame via the feed power component. The main frame drives the drill rod to press down synchronously, thereby drilling a circular hole. When the required hole shape is square, the connecting part is first fixedly connected to the main frame via the first connecting part. Then, according to the size of the seismograph, the position of the slider is adjusted along the guide groove of the measuring part to set the radial extension distance of the cutter. The locking mechanism is used to lock the slider in the selected position of the guide groove. Then, the controller is activated, and the controller controls the rotary power component to work. The power output of the rotary power component drives the drill rod to rotate via the transmission component. At the same time, the controller controls the feed power component to work, and the feed power component drives the main frame to feed axially. The main frame drives the drill rod and the cutter to press down synchronously, so that the cutter scrapes the side wall of the borehole circumferentially, thereby forming a square borehole. The advantages of this invention also include:

[0042] Firstly, the drill rod is driven to rotate at high speed by a rotary power component, and a stable axial pressure is provided by a feed power component, enabling the drill rod to drill into the formation efficiently and vertically, thereby forming a standard and regular circular borehole, which improves the efficiency of seismograph installation holes.

[0043] Secondly, based on the ability to drill circular holes, by installing a cantilever cutter assembly and adjusting the cutter extension, the cutter can simultaneously scrape the hole wall circumferentially during the drill rod pressing down, thereby directly forming a square hole, realizing the ability of a single device to prepare two hole types.

[0044] Thirdly, the first connector, which can be quickly installed or removed, allows for easy installation or removal of the cantilever cutter assembly, thereby enabling a rapid conversion between pure drilling of round holes and drilling and scraping of combined square holes, improving adaptability and efficiency.

[0045] Therefore, the present invention can not only form circular holes, but also achieve rapid switching between circular and square holes on the same device.

[0046] 2. In the present invention, a switching borehole forming device and method for embedding a dense array seismograph, the drill rod has a central hole extending axially, and a spiral cuttings guide groove is provided on the inner wall of the central hole. The bottom end of the drill rod has a cuttings discharge port, which is connected to the central hole. During application, the rock cuttings generated by the rotation of the drill rod are guided into the central hole and, guided by the spiral cuttings guide groove, form an upward swirling flow, achieving continuous lifting and discharge of the cuttings. This avoids problems such as drill bit jamming and sudden load increases caused by cuttings accumulating at the bottom of the hole in traditional borehole forming processes. Especially in gravel formations, controlling the intermittent reverse rotation of the drill rod can effectively discharge large-diameter gravels, thereby ensuring the smoothness, continuity, and stability of the drilling process. Therefore, the present invention not only enables rapid switching between circular and square holes on the same device but also improves borehole forming stability.

[0047] 3. In the present invention, a hole-forming device and method for installing a dense array seismograph with switchable hole types, the hole-forming device further includes a vibration damping component. The vibration damping component includes a disc spring damper, a hydraulic vibration damping unit, and an airbag vibration damping sleeve. The disc spring damper is disposed between the transmission component and the drill rod. The hydraulic vibration damping unit is disposed between the main frame and the outer shell. The airbag vibration damping sleeve is fitted onto the connecting part and fits against the inner wall of the horizontal positioning pin hole. The controller is electrically connected to the disc spring damper and the hydraulic vibration damping unit respectively. During application, the multidimensional vibrations generated by the drill rod cutting the strata and the cutter scraping the hole wall are synergistically dissipated and isolated by the vibration damping component along different transmission paths. Axial impact and torsional vibrations are absorbed and buffered by disc spring dampers, whose damping characteristics can be dynamically adjusted by the controller according to torque changes. Vertical reciprocating vibrations are suppressed by a hydraulic damping unit, whose damping parameters are dynamically adjusted by the controller based on real-time vibration signals. Lateral sway and high-frequency micro-vibrations at the cantilever connection are attenuated by the elastic fit of the airbag damping sleeve. Under the coordinated control of the controller, the three-stage damping system works together to suppress the transmission of harmful vibrations to the main frame and hole wall, improving the forming accuracy and smoothness of the hole wall, while reducing fatigue damage to key transmission components and cutting tools, and enhancing the stability and durability of the device in different geological formations. Therefore, this invention not only improves hole forming stability but also enhances the smoothness of the hole wall.

[0048] 4. In the present invention, a switchable borehole forming device and method for embedding a dense array seismograph, the borehole wall monitoring module includes several infrared ranging sensors. These sensors are fixedly connected to the bottom of the main frame and are evenly distributed circumferentially around the axis of the drill rod. The detection ends of the infrared ranging sensors face the drilling direction, and they are electrically connected to a controller. During application, the infrared ranging sensors measure the distances from their detection ends to the borehole wall in multiple directions in real time and transmit the distance signals synchronously to the controller. The controller processes and compares the data from each circumferential sensor to calculate and determine the actual borehole diameter, borehole shape, and deviation from the preset target size in real time. When local over-excavation, irregular borehole shape, or dimensional deviations exceeding the allowable range are detected, the controller can adjust the parameters of the feed or rotation power components in real time to correct the drilling trajectory or scraping force, thereby achieving precise control over the borehole size and shape and ensuring that the borehole quality meets the high-precision requirements for seismograph embedding. Therefore, the present invention not only improves the smoothness of the borehole wall but also ensures the accuracy of the borehole formation. Attached Figure Description

[0049] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0050] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the present invention.

[0051] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the main drilling assembly and the cantilever cutting assembly in this invention.

[0052] Figure 4 This is a front view of the main drilling assembly and the cantilever cutting assembly in this invention.

[0053] Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the main drilling assembly and the cantilever cutting assembly in this invention.

[0054] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the main frame and the cantilever in this invention.

[0055] Figure 7 This is a structural schematic diagram of the cantilever cutter assembly in this invention from one perspective.

[0056] Figure 8 This is a structural schematic diagram of the cantilever cutter assembly from another perspective in this invention.

[0057] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the feed control component and the main frame in this invention.

[0058] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional structural diagram of the feed control component and the main frame in this invention.

[0059] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the drill rod structure in this invention.

[0060] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the drill pipe in this invention.

[0061] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the main drilling assembly in this invention.

[0062] In the diagram: Main drilling assembly 1, rotating power component 11, transmission component 12, drill rod 13, center hole 131, spiral slag guide channel 132, slag discharge port 133, spiral blade 134, main frame 14, vertical hole 142, horizontal positioning pin hole 143, upper positioning hole 145, lower positioning hole 146, cantilever cutter assembly 2, cantilever 21, cutter 22, second connector 23, connecting part 24, slot 241, connecting bolt hole 243, measuring part 25, guide groove 251, Fixing hole; 252, Positioning tooth; 253, Slider; 26, Locking mechanism; 27, Locking bolt; 271, First connecting piece; 28, Positioning pin; 281, Anti-loosening washer; 282, Fixing bolt; 283, Feed control component; 3, Feed power component; 31, Housing; 32, Bracket; 33, Guide hole; 34, Shock absorption component; 4, Disc spring damper; 41, Hydraulic shock absorption unit; 42, Airbag shock absorption sleeve; 43, Controller; 5, Hole wall monitoring module; 6, Infrared ranging sensor; 61. Detailed Implementation

[0063] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0064] See Figures 1-13 A hole-forming device for embedding a dense array seismograph with switchable hole types and a method of use, wherein the hole-forming device includes a main drilling assembly 1, a cantilever cutter assembly 2, a feed control assembly 3 and a controller 5;

[0065] The main drilling assembly 1 includes a rotary power component 11, a transmission component 12, a drill rod 13, and a main frame 14; the rotary power component 11 is installed inside the main frame 14, the output end of the rotary power component 11 is fixedly connected to the input end of the transmission component 12, and the output end of the transmission component 12 is fixedly connected to the top end of the drill rod 13.

[0066] The cantilever cutter assembly 2 includes multiple cantilever arms 21, multiple cutters 22, multiple second connecting members 23, and multiple adjustment units. Each cantilever arm 21 includes a connecting portion 24 and a measuring portion 25 connected in sequence. Each adjustment unit includes a slider 26 and a locking mechanism 27. The measuring portion 25 has a guide groove 251 along its length, and the slider 26 is slidably connected to the guide groove 251. One end of each second connecting member 23 is fixedly connected to the slider 26, and the other end is fixedly connected to the cutter 22. The locking mechanism 27 is disposed on the slider 26 and is used to lock the slider 26 at a selected position in the guide groove 251.

[0067] The feed control assembly 3 includes a feed power component 31, a housing 32, and several brackets 33; the output end of the feed power component 31 is connected to the top end of the housing 32, and the brackets 33 are fixedly connected to the housing 32.

[0068] The bottom end of the feed power component 31 is fixedly connected to the top end of the main frame 14, and the connecting part 24 is connected to the main frame 14 through the detachable first connecting part 28; the controller 5 is electrically connected to the rotating power component 11 and the feed power component 31 respectively.

[0069] The first connector 28 includes a radial positioning assembly and an axial clamping assembly;

[0070] The radial positioning assembly includes a positioning pin 281; the axial clamping assembly includes an anti-loosening washer 282 and a fixing bolt 283.

[0071] A slot 241 is provided at the end of the connecting part 24 away from the measuring part 25;

[0072] The side of the main frame 14 is provided with a vertical hole 142 and a horizontal positioning pin hole 143; the vertical hole 142 and the horizontal positioning pin hole 143 are interconnected; the part of the vertical hole 142 above the horizontal positioning pin hole 143 is the upper positioning hole 145, and the part of the vertical hole 142 below the horizontal positioning pin hole 143 is the lower positioning hole 146; the upper positioning hole 145 is a smooth hole, and the lower positioning hole 146 is a threaded hole.

[0073] The positioning pin 281 is fixedly connected to the inside of the main frame 14, and the positioning pin 281 is located in the horizontal positioning pin hole 143.

[0074] The connecting part 24 has through bolt holes 243 at positions corresponding to the upper positioning hole 145 and the lower positioning hole 146.

[0075] The connection 24 is connected to the main frame 14 via a detachable first connector 28 in the following manner:

[0076] First, insert the connecting part 24 into the horizontal positioning pin hole 143 until the slot 241 on the connecting part 24 engages with the positioning pin 281 in the horizontal positioning pin hole 143; then, after passing the fixing bolt 283 through the anti-loosening washer 282, the upper positioning hole 145, and the connecting bolt hole 243, screw it into the lower positioning hole 146 to fix the connection.

[0077] The locking mechanism 27 includes a locking bolt 271 and an anti-loosening washer;

[0078] The measuring part 25 has a through fixing hole 252 at the position corresponding to the guide groove 251;

[0079] The slider 26 has a threaded hole, and the locking bolt 271 passes through the anti-loosening washer and the fixing hole 252 in sequence and then is threadedly connected to the threaded hole of the slider 26.

[0080] The drill rod 13 is provided with a central hole 131 extending along the axial direction, and a spiral slag guide groove 132 is provided on the inner wall of the central hole 131.

[0081] The bottom end of the drill rod 13 is provided with a slag discharge port 133, which is connected to the central hole 131.

[0082] The outer shell 32 has multiple guide holes 34, and the cantilever 21 slides with the corresponding guide holes 34.

[0083] The hole-forming device also includes a shock-absorbing component 4;

[0084] The shock absorption assembly 4 includes a disc spring damper 41, a hydraulic shock absorption unit 42, and an airbag shock absorption sleeve 43.

[0085] The disc spring damper 41 is disposed between the transmission component 12 and the drill rod 13;

[0086] The hydraulic shock absorption unit 42 is disposed between the main frame 14 and the outer casing 32;

[0087] The airbag shock absorber sleeve 43 is sleeved on the connecting part 24, and the airbag shock absorber sleeve 43 is in contact with the inner wall of the horizontal positioning pin hole 143.

[0088] The controller 5 is electrically connected to the disc spring damper 41 and the hydraulic shock absorption unit 42, respectively.

[0089] The hole-forming device also includes a hole wall monitoring module 6, which includes a plurality of infrared ranging sensors 61.

[0090] The infrared ranging sensor 61 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the main frame 14. All the infrared ranging sensors 61 are evenly distributed around the axis of the drill rod 13, and the detection end of the infrared ranging sensor 61 faces the drilling direction.

[0091] The infrared ranging sensor 61 is electrically connected to the controller 5.

[0092] The method of use includes:

[0093] Step 1: First, fix the bracket 33 to the ground, and then determine whether the required aperture type is round or square based on the shape of the outer shell of the seismograph to be buried;

[0094] Step 2: When the required hole shape is circular, keep the cantilever cutter assembly 2 in the disassembled state, start the controller 5, the controller 5 controls the rotating power component 11 to work, the power output of the rotating power component 11 drives the drill rod 13 to rotate through the transmission component 12, and controls the main frame 14 to feed axially through the feed power component 31, the main frame 14 drives the drill rod 13 to press down synchronously, thereby drilling a circular hole;

[0095] When the required hole shape is square, the connecting part 24 is first fixedly connected to the main frame 14 through the first connecting member 28; then, according to the size of the seismograph, the position of the slider 26 is adjusted along the guide groove 251 of the measuring part 25 to set the radial extension distance of the cutter 22, and the slider 26 is locked in the selected position of the guide groove 251 by the locking mechanism 27.

[0096] Then, the controller 5 is started. The controller 5 controls the rotating power component 11 to work. The power output by the rotating power component 11 drives the drill rod 13 to rotate through the transmission component 12. At the same time, the controller 5 controls the feed power component 31 to work. The feed power component 31 drives the main frame 14 to feed axially. The main frame 14 drives the drill rod 13 and the cutter 22 to press down synchronously, so that the cutter 22 scrapes the side wall of the drill hole in a circumferential manner, thereby forming a square drill hole.

[0097] The following are supplementary descriptions of the present invention:

[0098] Preferably, the cantilever 21, the cutter 22, the second connector 23, and the adjustment unit are all the same number, which is four.

[0099] Preferably, the four cantilever arms 21 are arranged in a cross shape.

[0100] Preferably, the outer wall of the drill rod 13 is fixedly connected with continuous helical blades 134.

[0101] The drill pipe 13 is preferably made of 42CrMo steel.

[0102] Preferably, the spiral slag guide groove 132 of the present invention has an angle of 15°.

[0103] The reason why the spiral slag guide groove 132 of the present invention preferably has an angle of 15° is that this angle can better balance the rock slag lifting efficiency and the drill rod torsional strength, thereby achieving stable and continuous internal slag discharge.

[0104] Preferably, the slag discharge port 133 of the present invention is conical, and the diameter of the slag discharge port 133 is 10mm larger than the diameter of the bottom of the drill rod.

[0105] The reason why the diameter of the slag discharge port 133 is preferably 10mm larger than the diameter of the bottom of the drill rod is that the slag discharge port 133 forms a conical flare, which reduces the adhesion and blockage of rock cuttings at the outlet and ensures smooth slag discharge.

[0106] Preferably, the cutting blade 22 of the present invention adopts a gradient hardness design, with the blade tip hardness reaching HRA92 (90% tungsten carbide content) and the body hardness reaching HRA85 (70% tungsten carbide content). This ensures extreme wear resistance of the cutting edge while giving the blade good impact toughness and extending the tool life.

[0107] Preferably, the measuring part 25 is provided with scale positioning teeth next to the guide groove 251, and the spacing of the scale positioning teeth is 5mm.

[0108] Preferably, the anti-loosening washer of the locking mechanism 27 of the present invention is a composite structure of nitrile rubber and steel sheet.

[0109] Preferably, the positioning pin 281 in the first connector 28 is an elastic positioning pin, and the material of the positioning pin 281 is 60Si2Mn steel.

[0110] In this invention, the diameter of the drill rod 13 is preferably matched with the size of the required square hole to ensure drilling efficiency and quality. Specifically, the diameter of the drill rod 13 is D, the long side of the square hole is L, and the short side of the square hole is S, where D is less than S. This ensures that the initial circular hole has sufficient space for slag removal while reserving a reasonable machining allowance for the radial scraping of the subsequent cutter 22, achieving efficient and precise conversion from a round hole to a square hole. Furthermore, 0.7S≤D≤0.9S. This ratio ensures that the drill rod 13 has sufficient rigidity and slag removal capacity, while allowing the scraping amount of the cutter 22 to be moderate. This avoids excessive allowance causing a surge in load and vibration, and also prevents insufficient allowance from causing incomplete corner forming of the square hole. Thus, square boreholes with regular walls and clear edges can be obtained in various formations.

[0111] Preferably, the rotating power component 11 of the present invention is a drive device capable of outputting continuous rotary mechanical power; specifically, it is a rotary motor or a hydraulic motor.

[0112] Preferably, the feed power component 31 of the present invention is a linear drive device capable of outputting controllable linear thrust or displacement; specifically, it is a hydraulic cylinder, an electric push rod, or a ball screw module.

[0113] Preferably, the transmission component 12 of the present invention is a power transmission and conversion mechanism disposed between the output end of the rotating power component 11 and the top end of the drill rod 13; specifically, it is any one or any combination of a coupling, a reducer, and a transmission shaft.

[0114] Preferably, the controller 5 of the present invention is any one of a programmable logic controller (PLC), an industrial computer (IPC), or a dedicated motion controller.

[0115] Example 1:

[0116] See Figures 1-13 A hole-forming device and method for embedding a dense array seismograph with switchable hole types are disclosed. The hole-forming device includes a main drilling assembly 1, a cantilever cutter assembly 2, a feed control assembly 3, and a controller 5. The main drilling assembly 1 includes a rotating power component 11, a transmission component 12, a drill rod 13, and a main frame 14. The rotating power component 11 is installed inside the main frame 14, and its output end is fixedly connected to the input end of the transmission component 12. The output end of the transmission component 12 is fixedly connected to the top end of the drill rod 13. The cantilever cutter assembly 2 includes multiple cantilever arms 21, multiple cutters 22, multiple second connecting parts 23, and multiple adjustment units. Each cantilever arm 21 includes a connecting part 24 and a measuring part 25 connected in sequence. Each adjustment unit includes a slider 26 and a locking mechanism 27. The measuring part 25 is provided with a guide groove 2 along its length. 51. The slider 26 is slidably connected to the guide groove 251; one end of the second connecting member 23 is fixedly connected to the slider 26, and the other end of the second connecting member 23 is fixedly connected to the cutter 22; the locking mechanism 27 is disposed on the slider 26 and is used to lock the slider 26 at a selected position in the guide groove 251; the feed control component 3 includes a feed power component 31, a housing 32 and several brackets 33; the output end of the feed power component 31 is connected to the top end of the housing 32, and the brackets 33 are fixedly connected to the housing 32; the bottom end of the feed power component 31 is fixedly connected to the top end of the main frame 14, and the connecting part 24 is connected to the main frame 14 through a detachable first connecting member 28; the controller 5 is electrically connected to the rotating power component 11 and the feed power component 31 respectively.

[0117] When applying the equipment, first securely fix the support 33 to the ground to establish a working reference; then select the corresponding drilling mode according to the shape of the outer shell (round or square) of the seismograph to be buried.

[0118] When drilling a circular hole: Keep the cantilever cutter assembly 2 in a disassembled state (i.e., the connecting part 24 is not connected to the main frame 14 through the first connecting member 28); start the controller 5, which controls the rotating power component 11 to work. The rotational power output by the rotating power component 11 is transmitted through the transmission component 12, driving the drill rod 13 to rotate at high speed around its axis; at the same time, the controller 5 controls the feed power component 31 to work. Since the bottom end of the feed power component 31 is fixedly connected to the main frame 14, the feed power component 31 drives the entire main frame 14 to move axially. The main frame 14 drives the rotating power component 11, the transmission component 12, and the drill rod 13 to move axially downwards synchronously; during this process, the end of the rotating drill rod 13 continuously cuts the soil layer to form a circular borehole;

[0119] When a square borehole needs to be formed: First, the connecting part 24 of the cantilever 21 is fixedly connected to the main frame 14 via the first connector 28, completing the installation of the cantilever cutter assembly 2; then, according to the size of the target square hole, the slider 26 is slid along the guide groove 251 of the measuring part 25 to set the radial extension distance of the cutter 22, and the slider 26 is locked in the selected position of the guide groove 251 by the locking mechanism 27; then, the controller 5 is started, and the controller 5 synchronously controls the operation of the rotary power component 11 and the feed power component 31: the rotary power component 11 drives the drill rod 13 to rotate, and the feed... The power unit 31 drives the main frame 14 to feed downward axially; the downward movement of the main frame 14 simultaneously drives the drill rod 13 and the fixed cutter 22 to press down synchronously; during this process, the rotating drill rod 13 is responsible for drilling to form the main body of the cavity, while the radially extended cutter 22 scrapes the side wall of the drill hole circumferentially as the drill rod 13 rotates and presses down, thereby forming a square drill hole; through the above operation, the device can quickly and conveniently switch between the two working modes of circular drilling and square drilling on the same machine by simply disassembling and assembling the cantilever cutter assembly 2 and adjusting the position of the cutter 22.

[0120] Example 2:

[0121] The basic content is the same as in Embodiment 1, except that: the first connecting member 28 includes a radial positioning component and an axial clamping component; the radial positioning component includes a positioning pin 281; the axial clamping component includes an anti-loosening washer 282 and a fixing bolt 283; the end of the connecting part 24 away from the measuring part 25 is provided with a slot 241; the side of the main frame 14 is provided with a vertical hole 142 and a horizontal positioning pin hole 143; the vertical hole 142 and the horizontal positioning pin hole 143 are interconnected; the part of the vertical hole 142 above the horizontal positioning pin hole 143 is the upper positioning hole 145, the part of the vertical hole 142 below the horizontal positioning pin hole 143 is the lower positioning hole 146, and the upper positioning hole 145 is a light hole. The lower positioning hole 146 is a threaded hole; the positioning pin 281 is fixedly connected to the inside of the main frame 14, and the positioning pin 281 is located in the horizontal positioning pin hole 143; the connecting part 24 has a through connecting bolt hole 243 at the position corresponding to the upper positioning hole 145 and the lower positioning hole 146; the connecting part 24 is connected to the main frame 14 through the detachable first connecting member 28 in the following way: first, the connecting part 24 is inserted into the horizontal positioning pin hole 143 until the slot 241 on the connecting part 24 engages with the positioning pin 281 in the horizontal positioning pin hole 143; then, the fixing bolt 283 passes through the anti-loosening washer 282, the upper positioning hole 145, and the connecting bolt hole 243, and is screwed into the lower positioning hole 146 for fixed connection.

[0122] In application, specifically, the positioning pin 281 is a spring positioning pin. The lower part of the positioning pin 281 is fixedly connected to the interior of the main frame 14, and the upper part of the positioning pin 281 is located in the horizontal positioning pin hole 143. When the cantilever cutter assembly 2 needs to be installed for square hole operation, the connecting part 24 of the cantilever 21 is first inserted horizontally into the horizontal positioning pin hole 143 on the side of the main frame 14. During the insertion process, the slot 241 at the end of the connecting part 24 aligns and engages with the positioning pin 281, realizing the radial positioning and initial fixation of the cantilever 21. After the radial positioning is completed, the fixing... Bolt 283 passes sequentially through anti-loosening washer 282, upper positioning hole 145 (plain hole) on main frame 14, and corresponding connecting bolt hole 243 on connecting part 24, and finally screws into the thread of lower positioning hole 146 on main frame 14; tightening the fixing bolt 283, the connecting part 24 is firmly pressed against the main frame 14 by the elastic pressing action of anti-loosening washer 282, realizing axial locking; this connection method is convenient to disassemble and assemble, reliable in positioning, and anti-loosening washer 282 can effectively suppress bolt loosening caused by operating vibration, ensuring the connection stability of cantilever cutter assembly 2 during square hole scraping process.

[0123] Example 3:

[0124] The basic content is the same as in Embodiment 1, except that: the locking mechanism 27 includes a locking bolt 271 and an anti-loosening washer; the measuring part 25 has a through fixing hole 252 at the position corresponding to the guide groove 251; the slider 26 has a threaded hole, and the locking bolt 271 passes through the anti-loosening washer and the fixing hole 252 in sequence and then is threadedly connected to the threaded hole of the slider 26.

[0125] In application, when it is necessary to adjust and lock the radial extension distance of the cutter 22 according to the size of the square hole, first move the slider 26 to the target position along the guide groove 251 of the measuring part 25; then pass the locking bolt 271 through the anti-loosening washer and the corresponding fixing hole 252 on the measuring part 25 in sequence, so that the end of the locking bolt 271 is aligned with the threaded hole on the slider 26 and screwed in; tighten the locking bolt 271, the bolt head presses the surface of the measuring part 25 through the anti-loosening washer, and at the same time its threaded part pulls the slider 26 upward, thereby generating sufficient clamping friction between the upper and lower surfaces of the guide groove 251, and firmly locking the slider 26 in the selected position; the locking mechanism has a simple structure and direct operation, and the anti-loosening washer can effectively resist the vibration generated during operation and prevent the locking bolt 271 from loosening on its own, thereby ensuring the positional stability of the cutter 22 and the accuracy of the square hole scraping size throughout the working process.

[0126] Example 4:

[0127] The basic content is the same as in Embodiment 1, except that: the drill rod 13 is provided with a central hole 131 extending along the axial direction, and a spiral slag guide groove 132 is provided on the inner wall of the central hole 131; the bottom end of the drill rod 13 is provided with a slag discharge port 133, and the slag discharge port 133 is connected to the central hole 131.

[0128] In application, when drill rod 13 rotates and drills downwards to cut the formation, the generated rock cuttings and gravel are guided into the central hole 131 at the bottom of the drill rod under the action of drilling pressure and centrifugal force. As drill rod 13 continues to rotate, the rock cuttings entering the central hole 131 are guided and driven by the spiral cutting guide groove 132, forming a spiral motion upwards along the hole wall, and are continuously lifted from the bottom of the hole to the upper part of the drill rod. When the cuttings are lifted to a certain height or accumulate to a certain amount, under the pushing action of subsequent cuttings and their own gravity, they are lifted from the bottom of drill rod 13. The slag discharge port 133 discharges the slag outside the hole, realizing a continuous operation cycle of "drilling-slag guiding-slag discharge". This effectively avoids the risks of drill bit jamming, increased torque, and even drill bit sticking caused by the accumulation of rock slag at the bottom of the hole in traditional drilling processes. Especially in large-diameter gravel layers, by controlling the intermittent reverse rotation of the drill rod, the reverse vortex generated by the spiral slag guide groove 132 can be used to force the stuck gravel out of the slag discharge port 133, thereby ensuring the smoothness, efficiency, and continuity of the drilling process in various complex formations, and improving hole formation efficiency and operational safety.

[0129] Example 5:

[0130] The basic content is the same as in Embodiment 1, except that: the outer shell 32 is provided with a plurality of guide holes 34, and the cantilever 21 slides in conjunction with the corresponding guide holes 34.

[0131] In application, during the operation of a square hole, after the cantilever 21 is installed on the main frame 14 through the first connector 28, its measuring part 25 passes through the corresponding guide hole 34 on the outer shell 32; during the entire working stroke of the drill rod 13 pressing down and the cutter 22 scraping, the cantilever 21 moves up and down along the guide hole 34, playing a guiding and limiting role.

[0132] Example 6:

[0133] The basic content is the same as in Embodiment 1, except that: the drilling device further includes a shock-absorbing component 4; the shock-absorbing component 4 includes a disc spring damper 41, a hydraulic shock-absorbing unit 42, and an airbag shock-absorbing sleeve 43; the disc spring damper 41 is disposed between the transmission component 12 and the drill rod 13; the hydraulic shock-absorbing unit 42 is disposed between the main frame 14 and the outer shell 32; the airbag shock-absorbing sleeve 43 is sleeved on the connecting part 24, and the airbag shock-absorbing sleeve 43 is in contact with the inner wall of the horizontal positioning pin hole 143; the controller 5 is electrically connected to the disc spring damper 41 and the hydraulic shock-absorbing unit 42 respectively.

[0134] In application, the multidimensional vibrations generated by the drill rod 13 cutting the formation and the cutter 22 scraping the hole wall are synergistically dissipated and isolated by the damping component 4: First, the axial impact and torsional vibration generated by the drill rod 13 during drilling are transmitted through the transmission component 12 and absorbed and buffered by the downstream disc spring damper 41; The controller 5 is connected to the torque sensor to monitor the driving torque; When the driving torque is detected to continuously exceed the preset safety threshold, the controller 5 sends a control signal to the pre-tightening mechanism in the disc spring damper 41 to increase its pre-tightening force, so that the disc spring damper 41 exhibits higher equivalent stiffness when subjected to high torque impact, thereby enhancing the buffering effect and protecting the transmission system;

[0135] Secondly, the vertical reciprocating vibration generated by the device during drilling and feeding is suppressed by the hydraulic damping unit 42 connected between the main frame 14 and the outer shell 32. The controller 5 is connected to the vibration sensor on the main frame 14. When the vibration amplitude exceeds the preset range (e.g., greater than 2mm), the controller 5 can control the valve inside the hydraulic damping unit 42 to switch to the preset "high damping" working mode to enhance the vibration suppression effect and maintain the stability of the whole machine.

[0136] Finally, the lateral sway and high-frequency micro-vibration generated at the cantilever 21 connection due to the lateral reaction force on the cutter 22 during square hole scraping are attenuated and isolated by the elastic deformation of the airbag shock absorber 43, which is tightly fitted to the inner wall of the horizontal positioning pin hole 143. Under the coordination of the controller 5, the three-stage shock absorber components suppress harmful vibrations in all directions. Through this multi-dimensional coordinated shock absorber design, the overall shock absorption rate of the device is not less than 80%, while the torque loss is controlled within 5%, thereby improving the hole quality, equipment stability and component service life.

[0137] Example 7:

[0138] The basic content is the same as in Embodiment 1, except that: the drilling device further includes a hole wall monitoring module 6, which includes several infrared ranging sensors 61; the infrared ranging sensors 61 are fixedly connected to the bottom of the main frame 14, and all the infrared ranging sensors 61 are evenly distributed around the axis of the drill rod 13, with the detection end of the infrared ranging sensor 61 facing the drilling direction; the infrared ranging sensors 61 are electrically connected to the controller 5.

[0139] In application, during drilling or scraping to form a hole, multiple infrared ranging sensors 61, evenly arranged circumferentially, continuously measure the radial distance from their detection ends to the hole wall. The distance data collected by all sensors are synchronously transmitted to the controller 5. The controller 5 has pre-stored the target hole size parameters. The controller 5 compares and processes the real-time acquired distance data with the target parameters and executes one or more of the following control logic:

[0140] Hole diameter / hole shape monitoring and display: Calculate and display the equivalent hole diameter or profile of the current borehole in real time based on the distance data of multiple points in the diameter or circumference;

[0141] Deviation alarm: When the deviation between the real-time measurement value in any direction and the target size exceeds the set threshold, the controller 5 will issue an audible and visual alarm to prompt intervention (such as checking the cutter status or the formation condition).

[0142] Operation parameter intervention: When a continuous deviation is detected in a specific direction (for example, in square hole mode, the distance on one side is continuously greater than the target value) and the deviation exceeds a higher set threshold, the controller 5 can adjust the operation parameters according to the preset strategy, such as: pausing the feed and prompting for confirmation; or within the preset safety range, automatically fine-tuning the feed speed of the feed power unit 31 to try to correct the scraping amount;

[0143] Data recording: Controller 5 records the hole wall distance data throughout the entire process for hole formation quality traceability and analysis;

[0144] Through the aforementioned online monitoring and feedback control mechanism, the borehole wall monitoring module 6 provides accurate quantitative data and can assist decision-making through automatic alarms or parameter fine-tuning, thereby improving the control capability over borehole size and shape and enhancing the consistency and reliability of borehole quality.

[0145] Example 8:

[0146] The basic content is the same as in Example 1, except that the method of use includes:

[0147] Step 1: First, fix the bracket 33 to the ground, and then determine whether the required aperture type is round or square based on the shape of the outer shell of the seismograph to be buried;

[0148] Step 2: When the required hole shape is circular, keep the cantilever cutter assembly 2 in the disassembled state, start the controller 5, the controller 5 controls the rotating power component 11 to work, the power output of the rotating power component 11 drives the drill rod 13 to rotate through the transmission component 12, and controls the main frame 14 to feed axially through the feed power component 31, the main frame 14 drives the drill rod 13 to press down synchronously, thereby drilling a circular hole;

[0149] When the required hole shape is square, the connecting part 24 is first fixedly connected to the main frame 14 through the first connecting member 28; then, according to the size of the seismograph, the position of the slider 26 is adjusted along the guide groove 251 of the measuring part 25 to set the radial extension distance of the cutter 22, and the slider 26 is locked in the selected position of the guide groove 251 by the locking mechanism 27.

[0150] Then, the controller 5 is started. The controller 5 controls the rotating power component 11 to work. The power output by the rotating power component 11 drives the drill rod 13 to rotate through the transmission component 12. At the same time, the controller 5 controls the feed power component 31 to work. The feed power component 31 drives the main frame 14 to feed axially. The main frame 14 drives the drill rod 13 and the cutter 22 to press down synchronously, so that the cutter 22 scrapes the side wall of the drill hole in a circumferential manner, thereby forming a square drill hole.

[0151] When applying the device, first fix the support 33 to the ground, determine and select the drilling mode according to the shape of the seismograph shell (round or square), and the controller 5 will automatically match the recommended combination of rotation speed (rotation speed of the rotating power component 11) and downforce (feed power component 31) parameters based on the input formation parameters (such as gravel content and soil moisture).

[0152] When drilling a circular hole, the cantilever cutter assembly 2 remains in the disassembled state. After startup, the controller 5 controls the rotary power component 11 to drive the drill rod 13 to rotate, and controls the feed power component 31 to drive the main frame 14 to press down to form a hole. During this process, the controller 5 executes dynamic slag removal logic, controlling the drill rod 13 to intermittently reverse to clear and remove large particles of rock slag from the bottom of the hole. At the same time, the hole wall monitoring module 6 provides real-time feedback on the hole depth. After reaching the preset depth, the system automatically stops pressing down and performs slag removal to ensure hole depth accuracy.

[0153] When a square hole is formed, the cantilever cutter assembly 2 is first installed through the first connector 28, and the radial extension position of the cutter 22 is adjusted and locked according to the target size. After startup, the controller 5 controls the drill rod 13 to rotate and the main frame 14 to press down, driving the cutter 22 to scrape the hole wall synchronously. The system adopts a graded cutting strategy, automatically switching the speed and pressure combination at different drilling stages to optimize the cutting effect and cope with complex formations. During operation, the vibration damping assembly 4 automatically adjusts the damping or pressure of each vibration damping unit according to vibration monitoring data to maintain system stability. When it is necessary to switch the hole type, the cantilever cutter assembly 2 can be quickly disassembled and assembled, and the controller 5 will automatically call and switch to the preset working parameters of the corresponding hole type to achieve one-click switching.

[0154] Through the integrated dynamic slag removal and graded cutting methods described above, this device can improve the drilling efficiency by more than 60% in complex formations such as gravel layers, and effectively control the borehole wall collapse rate to below 3%.

[0155] Example 9:

[0156] The basic content is the same as in Embodiment 1, except that: a positioning ruler 253 is provided on the measuring part 25; the positioning ruler 253 is arranged at equal intervals along the length direction of the guide groove 251.

[0157] In application, the positioning ruler 253 has equally spaced scales for comparison with the marks on the slider 26. By aligning the slider mark with the target scale of the positioning ruler, the extension distance of the cutter 22 can be preset quickly and accurately. The positioning ruler 253 provides an intuitive visual scale reference, improves adjustment efficiency and positioning consistency, and effectively prevents accidental displacement of the slider before final locking, thereby ensuring the setting accuracy of the square hole size.

[0158] Example 10:

[0159] The basic content is the same as in Example 1, except that a square hole with a depth of 80cm and a size of 300mm×200mm is formed in a typical gravel stratum. The stratum conditions are gravel content of 30% (particle size 5-18cm) and soil moisture of 25%.

[0160] In application, the cutter 22 is first preset and locked at a position extending 250mm laterally and 200mm longitudinally. The hole-forming process adopts a graded cutting strategy: contour cutting is performed at a speed of 50r / min and a pressure of 30kN at a depth of 0-30cm; at a depth of 30-60cm, the speed is switched to 80r / min and a pressure of 20kN for efficient hole enlargement; at a depth of 60-80cm, the speed is 100r / min and a pressure of 10kN to complete the hole wall finishing. During operation, the vibration damping component 4 works dynamically according to the monitoring data. When the vibration amplitude exceeds 1.5mm, the damping of the hydraulic vibration damping unit 42 is automatically increased by 30%, and the pressure of the airbag vibration damping sleeve 43 is adjusted to 0.4MPa. At the same time, continuous dynamic slag discharge is achieved through the spiral slag guide groove 132 inside the drill rod 13 and the intermittent reverse control.

[0161] The results showed that the total hole-forming time was 8 minutes, the hole wall verticality error was 0.8 mm, and there was no slag jamming, no hole wall collapse, and no blade chipping throughout the process. For comparison and verification, traditional equipment (fixed speed 70 r / min, fixed downward pressure 25 kN) was used under the same conditions. The results showed that the hole-forming time was 22 minutes, the verticality error reached 5 mm, and there were 3 instances of slag jamming, 1 instance of blade chipping, and 1 instance of hole wall collapse.

[0162] This embodiment demonstrates that the present invention, through the coordinated control of graded cutting, intelligent vibration reduction, and dynamic slag removal, outperforms traditional fixed-parameter operation methods in terms of hole-forming efficiency (time reduced by approximately 64%), hole-forming accuracy (verticality error reduced by 84%), and operational reliability.

[0163] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Any equivalent modifications or changes made by those skilled in the art based on the content disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection set forth in the claims.

Claims

1. A switchable hole type hole forming device for burying a dense array seismograph, characterized by: The hole forming device comprises a main drill assembly (1), a cantilever cutter assembly (2), a feeding control assembly (3) and a controller (5); The main drill assembly (1) comprises a rotating power element (11), a transmission element (12), a drill rod (13) and a main frame (14); the rotating power element (11) is installed in the main frame (14), the output end of the rotating power element (11) is fixedly connected with the input end of the transmission element (12), and the output end of the transmission element (12) is fixedly connected with the top end of the drill rod (13); The cantilever cutter assembly (2) comprises a plurality of cantilevers (21), a plurality of cutters (22), a plurality of second connecting elements (23) and a plurality of adjusting units; the cantilever (21) comprises a connecting part (24) and a measuring part (25) connected in sequence; the adjusting unit comprises a sliding block (26) and a locking mechanism (27); the measuring part (25) is provided with a guide sliding groove (251) along the length direction, the sliding block (26) is slidably connected with the guide sliding groove (251); one end of the second connecting element (23) is fixedly connected with the sliding block (26), and the other end of the second connecting element (23) is fixedly connected with the cutter (22); the locking mechanism (27) is arranged on the sliding block (26) and used for locking the sliding block (26) at a selected position of the guide sliding groove (251); The feeding control assembly (3) comprises a feeding power element (31), a shell (32) and a plurality of supports (33); the output end of the feeding power element (31) is connected with the top end of the shell (32), and the support (33) is fixedly connected with the shell (32); The bottom end of the feeding power element (31) is fixedly connected with the top end of the main frame (14), the connecting part (24) is connected with the main frame (14) through a detachable first connecting element (28), and the controller (5) is electrically connected with the rotating power element (11) and the feeding power element (31) respectively.

2. The switchable hole type hole forming device for burying the dense array seismograph according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first connecting element (28) comprises a radial positioning assembly and an axial pressing assembly; The radial positioning assembly comprises a positioning pin (281), and the axial pressing assembly comprises a lock washer (282) and a fixing bolt (283); One end of the connecting part (24) away from the measuring part (25) is provided with a clamping groove (241); The side surface of the main frame (14) is provided with a vertical hole (142) and a horizontal positioning pin hole (143); the vertical hole (142) and the horizontal positioning pin hole (143) are in communication with each other; the part of the vertical hole (142) above the horizontal positioning pin hole (143) is an upper positioning hole (145), the part of the vertical hole (142) below the horizontal positioning pin hole (143) is a lower positioning hole (146), the upper positioning hole (145) is a light hole, and the lower positioning hole (146) is a threaded hole; The positioning pin (281) is fixedly connected with the inside of the main frame (14), and the positioning pin (281) is located in the horizontal positioning pin hole (143); The connecting part (24) is provided with a through connecting bolt hole (243) at a position corresponding to the upper positioning hole (145) and the lower positioning hole (146).

3. The switchable hole type hole forming device for burying the dense array seismograph according to claim 2, characterized in that: The connecting part (24) is connected to the main rack (14) by a detachable first connecting piece (28) in the following manner: First, insert the connecting part (24) into the horizontal positioning pin hole (143) until the clamping groove (241) on the connecting part (24) is clamped with the positioning pin (281) in the horizontal positioning pin hole (143); then pass the fixing bolt (283) through the lock washer (282), the upper positioning hole (145), the connecting bolt hole (243), and screw into the lower positioning hole (146) for fixed connection.

4. The switchable hole type hole forming device for burying the dense array seismograph according to claim 1, characterized in that: The locking mechanism (27) comprises a locking bolt (271) and a lock washer; The measuring part (25) is provided with a through fixing hole (252) at a position corresponding to the guide sliding groove (251); The sliding block (26) is provided with a threaded hole, and the locking bolt (271) is threadedly connected to the threaded hole of the sliding block (26) after passing through the lock washer and the fixing hole (252) in sequence.

5. The switchable hole type hole forming device for burying the dense array seismic instrument of claim 1, characterized in that: The drill rod (13) is provided with a central hole (131) extending in the axial direction, and a spiral slag guide groove (132) is arranged on the inner wall of the central hole (131).

6. The switchable hole type hole forming device for burying the dense array seismic instrument of claim 5, characterized in that: The bottom end of the drill rod (13) is provided with a slag discharge port (133) which is in communication with the central hole (131).

7. The switchable hole type hole forming device for burying the dense array seismic instrument of claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of guide holes (34) are formed in the outer shell (32), and the cantilever (21) is slidably connected with the corresponding guide hole (34).

8. The switchable hole type hole forming device for burying the dense array seismograph of claim 3, wherein: The hole forming device further comprises a damping assembly (4). The damping assembly (4) comprises a disc spring damper (41), a hydraulic damping unit (42), and an air bag damping sleeve (43). The disc spring damper (41) is arranged between the transmission member (12) and the drill rod (13). The hydraulic damping unit (42) is arranged between the main rack (14) and the outer shell (32). The air bag damping sleeve (43) is arranged on the connecting part (24), and the air bag damping sleeve (43) is attached to the inner wall of the horizontal positioning pin hole (143). The controller (5) is electrically connected to the disc spring damper (41) and the hydraulic damping unit (42).

9. The switchable hole type hole forming device for burying the dense array seismograph of claim 1, wherein: The hole forming device further comprises a hole wall monitoring module (6), and the hole wall monitoring module (6) comprises a plurality of infrared distance sensors (61). The infrared distance sensors (61) are fixedly connected to the bottom of the main rack (14), and all the infrared distance sensors (61) are evenly distributed around the axis of the drill rod (13), and the detection end of the infrared distance sensor (61) faces the drilling direction. The infrared distance sensors (61) are electrically connected to the controller (5).

10. A method of using a switchable hole type hole forming device for burying a dense array seismograph according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: The use method comprises: First step: first, fix the support (33) to the ground, and then determine whether the required hole type is circular or square according to the shape of the outer shell of the seismograph to be buried; Second step: when the required hole type is circular, then keep the cantilever cutter assembly (2) in the disassembled state, start the controller (5), the controller (5) controls the rotary power element (11) to work, the power output by the rotary power element (11) drives the drill rod (13) to rotate through the transmission element (12), and the main rack (14) is axially fed through the feeding power element (31), the main rack (14) drives the drill rod (13) to synchronously press down, so as to drill a circular hole; When the required hole type is square, first fix the connecting part (24) and the main rack (14) through the first connecting element (28); then adjust the position of the sliding block (26) along the guide sliding groove (251) of the measuring part (25) to set the radial extension distance of the cutter (22) according to the size of the seismograph, and lock the sliding block (26) in the selected position of the guide sliding groove (251) by using the locking mechanism (27); Then, start the controller (5), the controller (5) controls the rotary power element (11) to work, the power output by the rotary power element (11) drives the drill rod (13) to rotate through the transmission element (12), at the same time, the controller (5) controls the feeding power element (31) to work, the feeding power element (31) drives the main rack (14) to axially feed, the main rack (14) drives the drill rod (13) and the cutter (22) to synchronously press down, so that the cutter (22) circumferentially scrapes the side wall of the hole, thereby forming a square hole.

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