A tunnel filling surface one-time smooth forming device and a use method thereof

Abstract

The present application relates to the field of smooth forming equipment, in particular to a tunnel filling surface one-time smooth forming equipment and a use method, comprising a walking guide assembly, a walking trolley, a filling surface forming assembly hanger and a filling surface forming group, the walking guide assembly is erected in the tunnel filling surface, the walking trolley is erected on the top of the walking guide assembly, two groups of the filling surface forming assembly hangers are respectively fixed on the two sides of the walking trolley, two groups of the filling surface forming groups are respectively installed on the lower parts of the two sides of the filling surface forming assembly hanger, through the track positioning of the walking guide assembly and the automatic movement design of the walking trolley, cooperating with the stable transmission of the servo motor and the transmission chain wheel group, the equipment can move along the tunnel filling surface at a uniform speed, combining with the pressing depth and pressure of the precise control of the hydraulic rod, the filling surface flatness error can be controlled within 1mm, avoiding the defects such as marks and height difference caused by manual operation, without subsequent repair, significantly reducing the construction cost.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of smooth surface forming equipment, specifically to a one-time smooth surface forming equipment for tunnel filling surfaces and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] In tunnel construction, the smooth surface forming quality of the filling surface is directly related to structural stability and operational safety. Currently, this process relies heavily on manual labor and simple tools for manual leveling and rolling during the initial setting stage of the material.

[0003] This model has significant limitations:

[0004] Firstly, the molding quality is limited by the workers' skill and physical strength, making it difficult to control the flatness and easily causing defects such as trowel marks and unevenness, leading to rework.

[0005] Secondly, existing roller pressing tools lack guiding and adaptive adjustment capabilities, which can easily lead to problems such as disordered calendering trajectories and missed pressing on complex contour surfaces such as arches and side walls, seriously affecting the one-time forming effect;

[0006] To address this, we propose a one-time smooth surface forming equipment and method for tunnel filling surfaces, aiming to replace traditional manual operations with mechanized and adaptive technologies to achieve high-quality one-time forming of the entire cross-section. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In order to solve the technical problems existing in the prior art, the present invention provides a tunnel filling surface one-time smooth surface forming equipment and a method of using it.

[0008] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a tunnel filling surface one-time smooth surface forming device, including a walking guide component, a walking trolley, a filling surface forming component bracket and a filling surface forming group. The walking guide component is erected at the central water ditch position of the tunnel, the walking trolley is erected on the top of the walking guide component, two sets of filling surface forming component brackets are respectively fixed on both sides of the walking trolley, and two sets of filling surface forming groups are respectively installed on the lower part of both sides of the filling surface forming component bracket.

[0009] Preferably, the walking guidance component includes a first baffle, a second baffle, and a connecting bracket. The first baffle is installed at the center of the tunnel ditch, and two sets of the second baffles are respectively installed on both sides of the tunnel filling surface. The connecting bracket is installed in the middle of the first baffle. The top of both the connecting bracket and the second baffle is provided with a track for movement.

[0010] Preferably, the traveling trolley includes a trolley body, a traveling track wheel set, a transmission sprocket set, and a servo motor. The trolley body is mounted on a track at the top of the connecting bracket. Two sets of traveling track wheel sets are respectively installed on the bottom sides of the trolley body. The transmission sprocket set is installed on the top of the trolley body. The two sides of the transmission sprocket set are connected to the two sides of one of the traveling track wheel sets via chains. The servo motor is installed at the top center of the trolley body, and the output end of the servo motor meshes with the center of the transmission sprocket set.

[0011] Preferably, the filling surface molding component bracket includes a bracket body, side track wheels, end brackets, and guide limiting rods. The bracket body is fixed to the side of the trolley body by bolts. Two sets of side track wheels are respectively fixed to the two ends of the bracket body. Both sets of side track wheels are mounted on the track on the top of the second baffle. The side track wheels cooperate with the traveling trolley to support the bracket body. Two sets of end brackets are respectively fixed to the top of both ends of the bracket body. Two sets of guide limiting rods are respectively welded to the middle of the side walls on both sides of the end brackets.

[0012] Preferably, the filling surface forming assembly includes forming rollers, roller supports, and hydraulic rods. The forming rollers are disposed below one side of the two sets of end brackets. The two sets of roller supports are respectively installed on both sides of the forming rollers. The side of the roller support has a through hole that cooperates with the guide limiting rod. The roller support is connected to the guide limiting rod through the through hole and is limited by the guide limiting rod. The hydraulic rod is fixed at the center position of the roller support, and the top end of the hydraulic rod is connected to the inner wall of the end bracket.

[0013] Preferably, the forming roller is composed of multiple segments spliced ​​together, and the tilt angle of different segments is adjustable.

[0014] Preferably, the inner wall of the through hole where the roller bracket and the guide limiting rod cooperate is inlaid with a wear-resistant guide sleeve, the wear-resistant guide sleeve being made of polytetrafluoroethylene, and the outer wall of the guide limiting rod having an axially formed lubrication groove filled with solid grease to reduce the relative friction between the roller bracket and the guide limiting rod.

[0015] Preferably, the top end of the hydraulic rod is connected to the inner wall of the end bracket via a ball joint, and a thrust bearing is provided at the connection between the roller bracket and the forming roller. The outer ring of the thrust bearing is fixed to the roller bracket, and the inner ring is interference-fitted with the rotating shaft of the forming roller.

[0016] Preferably, each segment of the forming roller is provided with a flange at both ends, and the flanges of adjacent segments are positioned by locating pins and locked with high-strength bolts. The outer surface of the forming roller is covered with an elastic wear-resistant layer with a thickness of 5-10mm, and the surface of the elastic wear-resistant layer is provided with anti-slip texture.

[0017] The method of using the tunnel filling surface one-time smooth surface forming equipment includes the following steps:

[0018] Step S1: Select the corresponding number of forming roller segments according to the width and cross slope of the tunnel filling surface to be treated. Connect the segments through the flanges at both ends of the segments. After precise positioning, lock and fix them with high-strength bolts. At the same time, adjust the splicing angle of each segment according to the target cross slope of the filling surface to ensure that the outer surface of the forming roller fits the preset cross slope of the filling surface. Apply a small amount of lubricating grease to the elastic wear-resistant layer on the outer surface of the forming roller to reduce friction with the filling material during operation.

[0019] Step S2: The first baffle of the walking guide component is set up at the center of the tunnel ditch, and the two sets of second baffles are respectively set up on the two sides of the filling surface. The first baffle and the second baffle are connected and fixed by the connecting bracket to ensure that the three are coaxially and linearly distributed. Check the flatness of the top track of the connecting bracket and the second baffle.

[0020] Step S3: Mount the main body of the trolley on the track at the top of the connecting bracket, ensuring that the trolley track wheels on both sides of the bottom are precisely fitted with the track. Fix the main body of the bracket of the filling surface forming component to both sides of the trolley main body with bolts, so that the side track wheels at the end of the bracket are mounted on the track at the top of the second baffle. Then connect the roller bracket of the filling surface forming assembly to the guide limit rod of the end bracket through the through hole, ensuring that the roller bracket can slide smoothly along the guide limit rod. At the same time, fix the top of the hydraulic rod to the inner wall of the end bracket through the ball joint, and connect the bottom of the hydraulic rod to the center of the roller bracket.

[0021] Step S4: The hydraulic rod extends to the preset operating standard. The hydraulic rod drives the roller bracket and the forming roller to move down until the outer surface of the forming roller contacts the tunnel filling surface and the downward pressure reaches the preset threshold. The piston rod position is fixed by the mechanical locking pin of the hydraulic rod to prevent changes in the downward pressure depth during operation.

[0022] Step S5: After the tunnel filling material is poured, start the servo motor. The servo motor drives the transmission sprocket group to rotate. The transmission sprocket group drives the walking track wheel group to move along the track of the connecting bracket through the chain. At the same time, the side track wheel moves synchronously along the track of the second baffle to ensure that the filling surface forming component bracket and the filling surface forming group move stably with the walking trolley. During the movement, the forming roller performs roller pressing and smoothing treatment on the filling surface through its own rotation. The elastic wear-resistant layer can buffer the local protrusions of the filling surface to avoid scratching the filling surface. The guide limit rod restricts the lateral displacement of the roller bracket to ensure the straightness of the smooth surface trajectory.

[0023] Step S6: After the equipment has moved along the entire length of the tunnel filling surface to complete one smoothing operation, turn off the servo motor, release the mechanical locking pin of the hydraulic rod, control the piston rod to retract, drive the forming roller to separate from the filling surface, check the smoothing effect of the filling surface, and if there are defects in some areas, adjust the angle of the forming roller and repeat step S5 to perform supplementary smoothing.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0025] 1. In this invention, through the track positioning of the walking guide component and the automated movement design of the walking trolley, combined with the stable transmission of the servo motor and the transmission sprocket group, the equipment can move at a uniform speed along the tunnel filling surface, and the daily processing area can reach 800-1000㎡. The multi-segment adjustable forming rollers can adapt to the inclination angle of different parts of the tunnel arch, sidewalls, invert arch, etc. Combined with the precise control of the pressing depth and pressure by the hydraulic rods, the flatness error of the filling surface can be controlled within 1mm, avoiding defects such as trowel marks and height differences caused by manual operation, eliminating the need for subsequent repairs, and significantly reducing construction costs.

[0026] 2. In this invention, the stability and reliability of smooth surface operation are ensured through multiple structural designs. The guide limit rod and the wear-resistant guide sleeve of the roller bracket can not only limit the lateral displacement of the forming roller, but also reduce the friction loss between components. The ball joint design of the hydraulic rod can adapt to the slight curvature change of the filling surface, avoid the local pressure concentration caused by hard connection, and is more suitable for the large-scale and high-intensity construction needs of modern tunnels. Attached Figure Description

[0027] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the working state of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the walking guidance component structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the walking trolley, the filling surface molding component bracket, and the filling surface molding assembly structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the walking trolley structure of the present invention.

[0032] The numbers in the diagram represent:

[0033] 1. Walking guide assembly; 11. First baffle; 12. Second baffle; 13. Connecting bracket; 2. Walking trolley; 21. Trolley body; 22. Walking track wheel set; 23. Transmission sprocket set; 24. Servo motor; 3. Filling surface forming assembly bracket; 31. Bracket body; 32. Side track wheel; 33. End bracket; 34. Guide limit rod; 4. Filling surface forming assembly; 41. Forming roller; 42. Roller bracket; 43. Hydraulic rod. Detailed Implementation

[0034] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments, which illustrate the above and other technical features and advantages of the present invention. However, the following embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not exhaustive.

[0035] Example:

[0036] like Figures 1-5 As shown, the present invention provides a tunnel filling surface one-time smoothing forming device, including a walking guide component 1, a walking trolley 2, a filling surface forming component bracket 3 and a filling surface forming group 4. The walking guide component 1 is installed at the central water ditch position of the tunnel, the walking trolley 2 is installed on the top of the walking guide component 1, two sets of filling surface forming component brackets 3 are respectively fixed on both sides of the walking trolley 2, and two sets of filling surface forming groups 4 are respectively installed on the lower part of both sides of the filling surface forming component bracket 3.

[0037] The walking guidance component 1 includes a first baffle 11, a second baffle 12, and a connecting bracket 13;

[0038] The first baffle 11 is installed at the center of the tunnel ditch, and two sets of second baffles 12 are installed on both sides of the tunnel filling surface. The connecting bracket 13 is installed in the middle of the first baffle 11. The top of the connecting bracket 13 and the second baffle 12 are both equipped with tracks for movement. The traveling trolley 2 is installed on the tracks and runs along the tracks. During the operation, the traveling trolley 2 drives the filling surface forming component bracket 3 and the filling surface forming group 4 under the filling surface forming component bracket 3 to move synchronously. During the movement, the filling surface forming group 4 completes the smooth surface forming of the tunnel filling surface.

[0039] The traveling trolley 2 includes a trolley body 21, a traveling track wheel set 22, a transmission sprocket set 23, and a servo motor 24;

[0040] The trolley body 21 is mounted on the track at the top of the connecting bracket 13. Two sets of walking track wheel sets 22 are respectively installed on the bottom sides of the trolley body 21. The transmission sprocket set 23 is installed on the top of the trolley body 21. The two sides of the transmission sprocket set 23 are connected to the two sides of one of the walking track wheel sets 22 by chains. The servo motor 24 is installed at the top middle position of the trolley body 21. The output end of the servo motor 24 meshes with the middle of the transmission sprocket set 23. When the servo motor 24 is working, it drives the transmission sprocket set 23 to rotate. During the rotation of the transmission sprocket set 23, it drives the two sets of walking track wheel sets 22 to rotate synchronously through the chain. During the rotation of the two sets of walking track wheel sets 22, it drives the trolley body 21 to move along the track. During the movement of the trolley 2, it drives the filling surface forming component brackets 3 on both sides to move synchronously. During the movement of the filling surface forming component brackets 3 on both sides, it drives the filling surface forming group 4 to move synchronously. During the movement of the filling surface forming group 4, it achieves smooth surface forming of the tunnel filling surface.

[0041] The filling surface molding component bracket 3 includes a bracket body 31, side track wheels 32, end brackets 33, and guide limit rods 34;

[0042] The main body 31 of the bracket is fixed to the side of the trolley body 21 by bolts. Two sets of side track wheels 32 are fixed to the two ends of the main body 31 of the bracket respectively. Both sets of side track wheels 32 are mounted on the track on the top of the second baffle 12. The side track wheels 32 cooperate with the traveling trolley 2 to support the main body 31 of the bracket. Two sets of end brackets 33 are fixed to the top of both ends of the main body 31 of the bracket respectively. Two sets of guide limit rods 34 are welded to the middle of the side walls on both sides of the end brackets 33 respectively.

[0043] The filling surface forming assembly 4 includes a forming roller 41, a roller support 42, and a hydraulic rod 43;

[0044] The forming roller 41 is positioned below one side of the two sets of end brackets 33. Two sets of roller supports 42 are respectively installed on both sides of the forming roller 41. The side of each roller support 42 has a through hole that mates with a guide limiting rod 34. The roller support 42 is connected to the guide limiting rod 34 through the through hole and is constrained by the guide limiting rod 34. A hydraulic rod 43 is fixed at the center of the roller support 42. The top end of the hydraulic rod 43 is connected to the inner wall of the end bracket 33 via a ball joint. A thrust bearing is provided at the connection between the roller support 42 and the forming roller 41. The outer ring of the thrust bearing is fixed to the roller support 42, and the inner ring is fixed to the forming roller. The rotating shaft of wheel 41 is interference-fitted. The pressing depth of the forming roller 41 between roller bracket 42 and roller bracket 42 can be adjusted by controlling the extension length of hydraulic rod 43. Guide limit rod 34 cooperates with roller bracket 42 to limit the vertical movement of forming roller 41, so that forming roller 41 is always kept below the hanging body 31 to prevent forming roller 41 from deflecting. The inner wall of the through hole where roller bracket 42 and guide limit rod 34 cooperate is inlaid with wear-resistant guide sleeve. The wear-resistant guide sleeve is made of polytetrafluoroethylene. The outer wall of guide limit rod 34 has an axially opened lubrication groove filled with solid grease to reduce the relative friction between roller bracket 42 and guide limit rod 34.

[0045] The forming roller 41 is composed of multiple segments spliced ​​together. The tilt angle of different segments is adjustable. Each segment of the forming roller 41 is provided with a flange at both ends. The flanges of adjacent segments are positioned by locating pins and locked with high-strength bolts. The outer surface of the forming roller 41 is covered with an elastic wear-resistant layer with a thickness of 5-10mm. The surface of the elastic wear-resistant layer is provided with anti-slip texture. The segments can be selectively assembled according to the specifications of the tunnel to better adapt to different specifications of filling surfaces, thereby achieving the formation of the filling surface in one pass. At the same time, by assembling segments with different tilt angles, it is possible to form a certain tilt angle in some areas of the filling surface while forming the filling surface.

[0046] How to use the tunnel filling surface one-time smooth surface forming equipment:

[0047] Based on the width and cross slope of the tunnel filling surface to be treated, select the corresponding forming roller 41 segment, connect them through the flanges at both ends of the segment, accurately position them, and then lock them with high-strength bolts. At the same time, adjust the splicing angle of each segment according to the target cross slope of the filling surface to ensure that the outer surface of the forming roller 41 fits the preset cross slope of the filling surface. Apply a small amount of lubricating grease to the elastic wear-resistant layer on the outer surface of the forming roller 41 to reduce friction with the filling material during operation.

[0048] The first baffle 11 of the walking guide component 1 is set up at the center of the tunnel ditch, and the two sets of second baffles 12 are respectively set up on the two sides of the filling surface. The first baffle 11 and the second baffle 12 are connected and fixed by the connecting bracket 13 to ensure that the three are coaxially and linearly distributed. The flatness of the top track of the connecting bracket 13 and the second baffle 12 is checked.

[0049] The main body 21 of the trolley 2 is mounted on the track at the top of the connecting bracket 13, ensuring that the trolley track wheel sets 22 on both sides of the bottom are precisely fitted with the track. The main body 31 of the bracket 3 of the filling surface forming component is fixed to both sides of the trolley body 21 by bolts, so that the side track wheels 32 at the end of the bracket 31 are mounted on the track at the top of the second baffle 12. Then, the roller bracket 42 of the filling surface forming assembly 4 is connected to the guide limit rod 34 of the end bracket 33 through the through hole, ensuring that the roller bracket 42 can slide smoothly along the guide limit rod 34. At the same time, the top end of the hydraulic rod 43 is fixed to the inner wall of the end bracket 33 through the ball joint, and the bottom end of the hydraulic rod 43 is connected to the center of the roller bracket 42.

[0050] The hydraulic rod 43 extends to the preset operating standard, and the hydraulic rod 43 drives the roller bracket 42 and the forming roller 41 to move down until the outer surface of the forming roller 41 contacts the tunnel filling surface and the downward pressure reaches the preset threshold. The piston rod position is fixed by the mechanical locking pin of the hydraulic rod 43 to avoid changes in the downward pressure depth during operation.

[0051] After the tunnel filling material is poured, the servo motor 24 is started. The servo motor 24 drives the transmission sprocket group 23 to rotate. The transmission sprocket group 23 drives the walking track wheel group 22 to move along the track of the connecting bracket 13 through the chain. At the same time, the side track wheel 32 moves synchronously along the track of the second baffle 12 to ensure that the filling surface forming component bracket 3 and the filling surface forming group 4 move stably with the walking trolley 2. During the movement, the forming roller 41 rolls the filling surface to make it smooth through its own rotation. The elastic wear-resistant layer can buffer the local protrusions of the filling surface to avoid scratching the filling surface. The guide limit rod 34 restricts the lateral displacement of the roller bracket 42 to ensure the straightness of the smooth surface trajectory.

[0052] After the equipment moves along the entire length of the tunnel filling surface to complete one smoothing operation, the servo motor 24 is turned off, the mechanical locking pin of the hydraulic rod 43 is released, the piston rod is controlled to retract, and the forming roller 41 is driven to disengage from the filling surface. The smoothing effect of the filling surface is checked. If there are any defects in some areas, the angle of the forming roller 41 is adjusted and the operation is repeated.

[0053] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is illustrative rather than restrictive. Those skilled in the art will understand that many changes, modifications, and even equivalents can be made within the spirit and scope defined by the claims of the present invention, all of which will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A one-time smooth surface forming device for tunnel filling surfaces, characterized in that, The system includes a walking guide component (1), a walking trolley (2), a filling surface forming component bracket (3), and a filling surface forming group (4). The walking guide component (1) is installed at the center of the tunnel ditch. The walking trolley (2) is installed on the top of the walking guide component (1). The two sets of filling surface forming component brackets (3) are fixed on both sides of the walking trolley (2). The two sets of filling surface forming groups (4) are installed on the lower part of both sides of the filling surface forming component bracket (3). The trolley (2) includes a trolley body (21), a track wheel set (22), a transmission sprocket set (23), and a servo motor (24). The trolley body (21) is mounted on the track at the top of the connecting bracket (13). Two sets of track wheel sets (22) are respectively installed on the bottom sides of the trolley body (21). The transmission sprocket set (23) is installed on the top of the trolley body (21). The two sides of the transmission sprocket set (23) are connected to the two sides of one of the track wheel sets (22) by chains. The servo motor (24) is installed at the top middle position of the trolley body (21). The output end of the servo motor (24) meshes with the middle part of the transmission sprocket set (23). The filling surface forming component bracket (3) includes a bracket body (31), side track wheels (32), end brackets (33) and guide limit rods (34). The bracket body (31) is fixed to the side of the trolley body (21) by bolts. Two sets of side track wheels (32) are fixed to the two ends of the bracket body (31) respectively. Both sets of side track wheels (32) are mounted on the track on the top of the second baffle (12). The side track wheels (32) cooperate with the traveling trolley (2) to support the bracket body (31). Two sets of end brackets (33) are fixed to the top of both ends of the bracket body (31) respectively. Two sets of guide limit rods (34) are welded to the middle of the side walls of the end brackets (33) respectively. The filling surface forming assembly (4) includes a forming roller (41), a roller bracket (42), and a hydraulic rod (43). The forming roller (41) is located below one side of the two sets of end brackets (33). The two sets of roller brackets (42) are respectively installed on both sides of the forming roller (41). The side of the roller bracket (42) is provided with a through hole that cooperates with the guide limiting rod (34). The roller bracket (42) is connected to the guide limiting rod (34) through the through hole. The roller bracket (42) is restricted by the guide limiting rod (34). The hydraulic rod (43) is fixed at the center position of the roller bracket (42). The top end of the hydraulic rod (43) is connected to the inner wall of the end bracket (33).

2. The tunnel filling surface one-time smooth surface forming equipment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The walking guide component (1) includes a first baffle (11), a second baffle (12) and a connecting bracket (13). The first baffle (11) is installed at the center of the tunnel ditch, and the two sets of second baffles (12) are respectively installed on both sides of the tunnel filling surface. The connecting bracket (13) is installed in the middle of the first baffle (11). The top of the connecting bracket (13) and the second baffle (12) are both provided with tracks for movement.

3. The tunnel filling surface one-time smooth surface forming equipment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The forming roller (41) is composed of multiple segments spliced ​​together, and the tilt angle of different segments is adjustable.

4. The tunnel filling surface one-time smooth surface forming equipment as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The inner wall of the through hole of the roller bracket (42) and the guide limit rod (34) is inlaid with a wear-resistant guide sleeve. The wear-resistant guide sleeve is made of polytetrafluoroethylene. The outer wall of the guide limit rod (34) is provided with a lubrication groove in the axial direction. The lubrication groove is filled with solid grease to reduce the relative friction between the roller bracket (42) and the guide limit rod (34).

5. The tunnel filling surface one-time smooth surface forming equipment as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The top end of the hydraulic rod (43) is connected to the inner wall of the end bracket (33) through a ball joint. A thrust bearing is provided at the connection between the roller bracket (42) and the forming roller (41). The outer ring of the thrust bearing is fixed to the roller bracket (42), and the inner ring is interference-fitted with the shaft of the forming roller (41).

6. The tunnel filling surface one-time smooth surface forming equipment as described in claim 5, characterized in that, Each segment of the forming roller (41) is provided with a flange at both ends. The flanges of adjacent segments are positioned by positioning pins and locked with high-strength bolts. The outer surface of the forming roller (41) is covered with an elastic wear-resistant layer with a thickness of 5-10 mm and an anti-slip texture on the surface of the elastic wear-resistant layer.

7. A method of using the tunnel filling surface one-time smooth surface forming equipment according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step S1: Select the corresponding forming roller (41) segment according to the width and cross slope of the tunnel filling surface to be treated, and connect them through the flanges at both ends of the segment. After precise positioning, lock and fix them with high-strength bolts. At the same time, adjust the splicing angle of each segment according to the target cross slope of the filling surface to ensure that the outer surface of the forming roller (41) fits the preset cross slope of the filling surface. Apply a small amount of lubricating grease to the elastic wear-resistant layer on the outer surface of the forming roller (41) to reduce friction with the filling material during operation. Step S2: The first baffle (11) of the walking guide component (1) is set up at the center of the tunnel ditch, and the two sets of second baffles (12) are respectively set up on the two sides of the filling surface. The first baffle (11) and the second baffle (12) are connected and fixed by the connecting bracket (13) to ensure that the three are coaxially and linearly distributed. Check the flatness of the top track of the connecting bracket (13) and the second baffle (12). Step S3: The main body (21) of the walking trolley (2) is mounted on the track at the top of the connecting bracket (13), ensuring that the walking track wheel sets (22) on both sides of the bottom are precisely fitted with the track. The main body (31) of the bracket (3) of the filling surface forming component is fixed to both sides of the main body (21) of the trolley by bolts, so that the side track wheels (32) at the end of the bracket body (31) are mounted on the track at the top of the second baffle (12). Then, the roller bracket (42) of the filling surface forming assembly (4) is connected to the guide limit rod (34) of the end bracket (33) through the through hole, ensuring that the roller bracket (42) can slide smoothly along the guide limit rod (34). At the same time, the top end of the hydraulic rod (43) is fixed to the inner wall of the end bracket (33) through the ball joint, and the bottom end of the hydraulic rod (43) is connected to the center of the roller bracket (42). Step S4: The extension length of the hydraulic rod (43) is started according to the preset operation standard. The hydraulic rod (43) drives the roller bracket (42) and the forming roller (41) to move down until the outer surface of the forming roller (41) contacts the tunnel filling surface and the downward pressure reaches the preset threshold. The position of the piston rod is fixed by the mechanical locking pin of the hydraulic rod (43) to avoid changes in the downward pressure depth during operation. Step S5: After the tunnel filling material is poured, start the servo motor (24). The servo motor (24) drives the transmission sprocket group (23) to rotate. The transmission sprocket group (23) drives the walking track wheel group (22) to move along the track of the connecting bracket (13) through the chain. At the same time, the side track wheel (32) moves synchronously along the track of the second baffle (12) to ensure that the filling surface forming component bracket (3) and the filling surface forming group (4) move stably following the walking trolley (2). During the movement, the forming roller (41) rolls the filling surface to smooth it through its own rotation. The elastic wear-resistant layer can buffer the local protrusions of the filling surface to avoid scratching the filling surface. The guide limit rod (34) restricts the lateral displacement of the roller bracket (42) to ensure the straightness of the smooth surface trajectory. Step S6: After the equipment moves along the entire length of the tunnel filling surface to complete one smoothing operation, turn off the servo motor (24), release the mechanical locking pin of the hydraulic rod (43), control the piston rod to retract, drive the forming roller (41) to separate from the filling surface, check the smoothing effect of the filling surface, if there are defects in some areas, adjust the angle of the forming roller (41) and repeat step S5 to perform supplementary smoothing.

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