Sand-proof electric porcelain insulator suitable for severe environment
By designing inclined porcelain skirts, spiral flow channels, and sealing structures on porcelain insulators, the problems of sealing failure and insulation performance degradation of traditional porcelain insulators in harsh environments have been solved, achieving reliable insulation and self-cleaning capabilities in harsh environments.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-29
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-17
AI Technical Summary
Traditional porcelain insulators are susceptible to wind and sand erosion in harsh environments, leading to sealing failure, reduced insulation performance, and easy corrosion at the connection interface, increasing the risk of flashover.
A windproof and sandproof porcelain insulator with an inclined porcelain skirt, spiral flow guide groove and sealing structure was designed. It includes an embedded groove, a seal and a flow guide. The inclined surface and anti-backflow surface prevent sand and moisture from entering, the spiral flow guide groove reduces adhesion, the tough layer enhances toughness to prevent brittle fracture, and the double sealing structure improves sealing reliability.
It effectively maintains insulation performance in harsh environments, prevents sand and moisture intrusion, reduces the risk of flashover, improves mechanical strength and self-cleaning ability, and ensures the stability and durability of the sealing structure.
Smart Images
Figure CN121687657A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of porcelain insulator technology, and in particular to a windproof and sand-resistant porcelain insulator suitable for harsh environments. Background Technology
[0002] As a key component in power transmission and distribution systems, porcelain insulators' core function is to provide reliable electrical insulation and stable mechanical support. When power lines pass through harsh environments with frequent sandstorms, such as deserts, Gobi, and coastal areas, insulators are exposed to complex conditions such as strong winds, high concentrations of dust, drastic temperature differences, and salt spray for extended periods, posing serious challenges to their operational reliability and lifespan.
[0003] Currently, traditional porcelain insulators rely primarily on increasing the creepage distance of the porcelain skirts and altering the shape of the skirts (such as using a deep-ridge structure) to enhance self-cleaning capabilities in the face of wind and sand, as well as coating with hydrophobic materials such as silicone rubber to maintain insulation performance. However, these conventional methods are significantly insufficient in extreme wind and sand environments: First, sand particles carried by strong winds have a continuous erosive effect, gradually wearing down the surface of the skirts, damaging their hydrophobicity, and even harming the porcelain body; second, fine dust easily accumulates at the base of the skirts, in the assembly gaps between metal fittings and porcelain components, etc. This accumulation not only forms continuous conductive channels, reducing insulation strength, which is particularly dangerous under humid conditions, but also increases the local load on the insulator, potentially causing mechanical damage.
[0004] More critically, the connection interface between the insulator's hardware (such as steel feet and iron caps) and the porcelain component is often the weakest point in the structure. Existing sealing measures (such as using single-ring sealant or simple rubber gaskets) are prone to aging, cracking, or deformation under long-term wind and sand erosion, ultraviolet radiation, and temperature stress, leading to seal failure. Once sand and dust, accompanied by moisture, penetrate this connection interface, it can cause internal corrosion, reduce mechanical strength, and may lead to local electric field distortion due to uneven accumulation of dirt, significantly increasing the risk of flashover and threatening power grid safety. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a wind and sand resistant porcelain insulator suitable for harsh environments. Summary of the Invention
[0005] To address at least one of the aforementioned technical shortcomings, this invention provides a windproof and sand-resistant porcelain insulator suitable for harsh environments. The insulator includes a plurality of porcelain skirts, an annular recessed groove at the bottom of the insulator, a sealing element inside the recessed groove, and a flow guide supported at the bottom end of the sealing element.
[0006] Furthermore, the bottom of the embedded groove is inclined with an inclined surface, and the outer side of the top of the embedded groove is inclined with an anti-backflow surface. The sealing element includes an embedded ring, the inner side of the top of the embedded ring is embedded in the inside of the embedded groove, and the outer wall of the embedded ring is inclined.
[0007] Furthermore, the bottom end face of the embedded ring is fixedly connected with a pressure groove, and the flow guide includes an insulating cylinder sealed on the lower part of the insulator. The top of the insulating cylinder is fixedly connected with a flow guide ring, the outer surface of the flow guide ring is inclined, and the bottom end of the embedded ring is supported on the top end of the flow guide ring.
[0008] Furthermore, the top inner side of the guide ring is provided with a snap-fit bevel, and the snap-fit bevel and the outer surface of the guide ring form an inverted V-shaped structure, with the bottom end of the embedded ring supported on the end of the inverted V-shaped structure.
[0009] Furthermore, a sealing layer is provided on the lower surface of the guide ring.
[0010] Furthermore, the inclination angle of the porcelain skirt is greater than 30°.
[0011] Furthermore, the surface of the ceramic skirt is uniformly provided with several spiral guide grooves along the circumference. The extension direction of the spiral guide grooves is set at an acute angle to the tilt direction of the ceramic skirt, which is used to guide the wind and sand flowing along the surface of the ceramic skirt to generate downward spiral centrifugal force and reduce the adhesion of sand and dust.
[0012] Furthermore, the interior of the ceramic skirt is embedded with a toughening layer, which is a flexible ceramic matrix composite mesh structure used to absorb the impact energy of wind and sand and prevent the ceramic skirt from brittlely cracking.
[0013] Furthermore, an annular sealing groove is provided between the inclined surface of the embedded groove and the anti-backflow surface. The sealing groove is filled with elastic sealant. A compression protrusion is provided at the corresponding position on the top inner side of the embedded ring. The compression protrusion is pressed into the sealing groove during installation to form a double seal in the radial and axial directions. Beneficial effects
[0014] 1. This invention prevents sand and moisture from entering from the lower joint of the insulator by setting up sealing elements and flow guides, and guides the attached water and sand away from the critical connection parts, thereby maintaining reliable insulation performance in harsh environments.
[0015] 2. The present invention provides an inclined surface at the bottom of the embedded groove and an anti-backflow surface on the top outer side, as well as an inclined outer wall of the embedded ring, which makes the seal easy to install and prevents fluid backflow, ensuring that contaminants are quickly discharged from the sealing area.
[0016] 3. By setting the pressure groove at the bottom of the embedded ring and the inclined surface of the guide ring, the present invention enables the embedded ring and the guide ring to be positioned and pre-tightened and sealed, and forms a continuous guide surface to guide the sand-water mixture away from the insulator body.
[0017] 4. The present invention forms an inverted V-shaped structure by setting a snap-fit inclined surface at the top of the guide ring, so that the embedded ring can obtain stable limiting support and form a sealed support structure.
[0018] 5. This invention provides a sealing layer on the lower surface of the flow guide ring, which ensures a tight fit between the insulating cylinder and the insulator rod, filling the gaps, effectively isolating sand and dust and preventing moisture seepage, thus ensuring the sealing integrity of the flow guide installation area.
[0019] 6. By setting the inclination angle of the ceramic skirt to be greater than 30°, the ceramic skirt has better aerodynamics and self-cleaning properties, reducing sand and dust deposition and using gravity to make the sand and dust slide off, keeping the surface clean.
[0020] 7. This invention creates spiral guide grooves on the surface of the ceramic skirt, causing the wind and sand flowing along the ceramic skirt to generate a downward spiral centrifugal force, which throws sand and dust particles off the surface, enhancing self-cleaning ability and reducing sand and dust adhesion rate.
[0021] 8. This invention provides an enhanced toughness layer inside the ceramic skirt, enabling the ceramic skirt to absorb the impact energy of wind and sand, preventing brittle fracture, and improving impact toughness and fatigue resistance.
[0022] 9. The present invention provides an annular sealing groove between the inclined surface of the embedded groove and the anti-backflow surface, and provides an extrusion protrusion of the embedded ring, so that the extrusion protrusion is pressed into the sealing groove to form a double seal in the radial and axial directions, which greatly improves the reliability of preventing sand and water vapor penetration.
[0023] 10. The present invention, through the inverted V-shaped structure and the setting of the anti-backflow surface, can prevent the inner ring from separating from the inner groove, while the supporting force transmitted upward by the insulating cylinder and the guide ring can make the sealing structure tighter.
[0024] The realization of the purpose, functional features and advantages of the present invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description
[0025] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
[0026] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the entire invention.
[0027] Figure 3 This is the invention Figure 2 Enlarged view of point A.
[0028] exist Figures 1 to 3 The correspondence between component names or lines and the attached drawing numbers is as follows: Insulator 1, Porcelain skirt 11, Embedded groove 12, Inclined surface 121, Anti-backflow surface 122, Seal 2, Embedded ring 21, Lower pressure groove 22, Flow guide 3, Insulating cylinder 31, Flow guide ring 32, Snap-fit inclined surface 33. Detailed Implementation
[0029] Combined with appendix Figures 1 to 3A windproof and sand-resistant porcelain insulator suitable for harsh environments includes an insulator 1, which has several porcelain skirts 11. The lower part of the insulator 1 has an annular inner groove 12. The inner groove 12 is sealed with a sealing element 2. The bottom end of the sealing element 2 is supported by a flow guide 3.
[0030] In practical implementation, insulator 1 achieves a sealed connection with sealant 2 through its lower recessed groove 12. The bottom end of sealant 2 connects to and supports current guide 3. When insulator 1 is installed on outdoor transmission lines, especially in windy and sandy areas, porcelain skirt 11 extends the creepage distance and blocks some sand and dust. When airflow containing sand or rainwater flows down the surface of insulator 1, sealant 2 effectively prevents sand and moisture from entering from the lower joint of insulator 1. Current guide 3 further guides adhering water and sand away from critical connection points, thereby maintaining reliable insulation performance in harsh environments.
[0031] Furthermore, the bottom of the embedded groove 12 is provided with an inclined surface 121, and the outer side of the top of the embedded groove 12 is provided with an anti-backflow surface 122. The seal 2 includes an embedded ring 21, the inner side of the top of the embedded ring 21 is embedded in the inside of the embedded groove 12, and the outer wall of the embedded ring 21 is inclined.
[0032] In practical implementation, when water or a mixture of sand and dust flows along the surface of the insulator 1 to the area of the embedded groove 12, the inclined surface 121 at the bottom of the embedded groove 12 facilitates the insertion of the embedded ring 21 into the interior of the embedded groove 12 from below, which is convenient for the installation of the seal 2. The anti-backflow surface 122 on the outer side of the top of the embedded groove 12 can prevent the fluid flowing down the outer wall of the embedded ring 21 from flowing back or backflowing. The inclined outer wall of the embedded ring 21 and the anti-backflow surface 122 of the embedded groove 12 cooperate to form a smooth transition guide surface, ensuring that contaminants are quickly discharged away from the sealing joint area.
[0033] Furthermore, the bottom end face of the embedded ring 21 is fixedly connected to a pressure groove 22, and the flow guide 3 includes an insulating cylinder 31 sealed on the lower part of the insulator 1. The top of the insulating cylinder 31 is fixedly connected to a flow guide ring 32, the outer surface of the flow guide ring 32 is inclined, and the bottom end of the embedded ring 21 is supported on the top of the flow guide ring 32.
[0034] In practical implementation, during installation, the inner ring 21 is pressed against the top of the guide ring 32 via its bottom pressing groove 22, achieving positioning and pre-tightening sealing. The insulating cylinder 31 is tightly fitted onto the lower rod of the insulator 1. The inclined surface on the outer side of the guide ring 32 and the inclined outer wall of the inner ring 21 together form a continuous, outwardly and downwardly extending guide surface. The sand-water mixture flowing down from above is guided to the inclined surface of the guide ring 32 after passing through the inner ring 21 and is quickly thrown away from the insulator body, preventing accumulation at the joint edge.
[0035] Furthermore, the top inner side of the guide ring 32 is provided with a snap-fit inclined surface 33, and the snap-fit inclined surface 33 and the outer surface of the guide ring 32 form an inverted V-shaped structure, with the bottom end of the embedded ring 21 supported on the end of the inverted V-shaped structure.
[0036] In practical implementation, the inverted V-shaped structure formed by the snap-fit inclined surface 33 at the top of the guide ring 32 and the outer surface of the guide ring 32 provides stable limiting support for the embedded ring 21 at its apex. The inverted V-shaped structure and the bottom support of the embedded ring 21 constitute a limiting and sealing support structure.
[0037] Furthermore, a sealing layer is provided on the lower surface of the guide ring 32.
[0038] In practical implementation, the sealing layer on the lower surface of the guide ring 32 is typically a high-performance elastic sealant or rubber coating. When the insulating cylinder 31 is fitted onto the lower part of the insulator 1, this sealing layer can achieve a tight fit and friction with the surface of the insulator 1 rod. The sealing layer can fill any microscopic gaps that may exist between the insulating cylinder 31 and the insulator 1 rod, effectively preventing the intrusion of sand and dust particles and preventing moisture caused by capillary action from seeping along the surface of the rod, thus ensuring the sealing integrity of the area where the guide element 3 is installed.
[0039] The inverted V-shaped structure and the anti-backflow surface 122 can prevent the inner ring 21 from detaching from the inner groove 12. At the same time, the supporting force transmitted upward by the insulating cylinder 31 and the guide ring 32 can make the sealing structure tighter.
[0040] Furthermore, the inclination angle of the porcelain skirt 11 is greater than 30°.
[0041] In practical implementation, the porcelain skirt 11 is designed with a steep inclination angle greater than 30°, giving it superior aerodynamics and self-cleaning properties in windy and sandy environments. The larger inclination angle reduces the horizontal projected area of the upper surface of the porcelain skirt 11, making it less likely for sand and dust to accumulate on the surface. At the same time, under the action of rain or strong winds, sand and dust adhering to the inclined surface of the porcelain skirt 11 are more likely to slide off due to the increased component of gravity, which helps to maintain the cleanliness of the insulator 1 surface by utilizing natural forces and reducing the accumulation of dirt.
[0042] Furthermore, the surface of the ceramic skirt 11 is uniformly provided with several spiral guide grooves along the circumference. The extension direction of the spiral guide grooves is set at an acute angle to the tilt direction of the ceramic skirt 11, which is used to guide the wind and sand flowing along the surface of the ceramic skirt to generate downward spiral centrifugal force and reduce the adhesion of sand and dust.
[0043] In practical implementation, when the sand-laden airflow sweeps across the surface of the ceramic skirt 11, the spiral guide grooves on the surface guide the airflow, causing some of the airflow and sand particles descending along the inclined surface of the ceramic skirt 11 to acquire a circumferential velocity component. The spiral guide grooves induce the sand particles to rotate while moving downwards, and the centrifugal force generated by the spiral motion throws some particles off the surface of the ceramic skirt 11, thereby enhancing the self-cleaning ability and reducing the uniform adhesion rate of sand and dust in windy and sandy weather.
[0044] Furthermore, the interior of the ceramic skirt 11 is embedded with a toughening layer, which is a flexible ceramic matrix composite mesh structure used to absorb the impact energy of wind and sand and prevent the ceramic skirt from brittlely cracking.
[0045] In practical applications, in areas with strong winds and sandstorms, the continuous impact of high-speed sand particles on the ceramic skirt 11 can cause micro-cracks or even breakage of the ceramic edge over time. The flexible ceramic matrix composite mesh structure embedded within the ceramic skirt 11 acts as a reinforcing toughness layer, effectively absorbing and dispersing the kinetic energy of the sand impact through its own micro-deformation. This structure maintains the overall stiffness of the ceramic skirt 11 while improving its impact toughness and fatigue resistance, significantly reducing the risk of fracture due to brittleness in harsh wind and sand environments.
[0046] Furthermore, an annular sealing groove is provided between the inclined surface 121 of the embedded groove 12 and the anti-backflow surface 122. The sealing groove is filled with elastic sealant. A pressing protrusion is provided at the corresponding position on the top inner side of the embedded ring 21. The pressing protrusion is pressed into the sealing groove during installation to form a double seal in the radial and axial directions.
[0047] In practical implementation, when installing the seal 2, the extrusion protrusion on the inner side of the top of the embedded ring 21 is pressed into the annular sealant groove of the embedded groove 12, continuously compressing and filling the pre-filled elastic sealant in the groove. The extrusion protrusion adheres radially to the inner wall of the sealant groove, while its bottom applies axial pressure to the sealant. This allows the elastic sealant to fully deform within the sealant groove, tightly filling all possible assembly gaps between the embedded ring 21 and the embedded groove 12, forming a double sealing barrier that blocks the opening of the embedded groove 12 from both radial and axial directions, greatly improving the reliability of the joint against sand and moisture penetration.
Claims
1. A wind and sand-proof electric porcelain insulator suitable for severe environment, comprising an insulator, a plurality of porcelain skirts being arranged on the insulator, characterized in that: The lower part of the insulator is provided with an annular inner embedding groove, the inner part of the inner embedding groove is sealingly connected with a sealing element, and the bottom end of the sealing element is supported with a flow guide element.
2. A sand and wind resistant electric porcelain insulator suitable for harsh environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom part of the inner embedding groove is provided with an inclined surface, the outer side of the top part of the inner embedding groove is provided with an anti-backflow surface, the sealing element comprises an inner embedding ring, the inner part of the top part of the inner embedding ring is embedded in the inner part of the inner embedding groove, and the outer wall of the inner embedding ring is provided in an inclined manner.
3. A sand and wind resistant electric porcelain insulator suitable for harsh environments according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom end surface of the inner embedding ring is fixedly connected with a pressing groove, the flow guide element comprises an insulating cylinder provided on the lower part of the insulator, the top part of the insulating cylinder is fixedly connected with a flow guide ring, the outer side surface of the flow guide ring is provided in an inclined manner, and the bottom end of the inner embedding ring is supported on the top end of the flow guide ring.
4. A sand and wind resistant electric porcelain insulator suitable for use in harsh environments according to claim 3, characterized in that: The top inner side of the flow guide ring is provided with a clamping inclined surface, the clamping inclined surface and the outer side surface of the flow guide ring form an inverted V-shaped structure, and the bottom end of the inner embedding ring is supported on the end part of the inverted V-shaped structure.
5. A sand and wind resistant electric porcelain insulator suitable for use in harsh environments according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: The lower surface of the flow guide ring is provided with a sealing layer.
6. A sand and wind resistant electric porcelain insulator suitable for harsh environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inclination angle of the porcelain skirt is greater than 30°.
7. A sand and wind resistant electric porcelain insulator suitable for harsh environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the porcelain skirt is uniformly provided with a plurality of spiral flow guide grooves in the circumferential direction, the extension direction of the spiral flow guide grooves is provided in an acute angle with the inclination direction of the porcelain skirt, for guiding the wind and sand flowing along the surface of the porcelain skirt to generate downward spiral centrifugal force, and reducing the adhesion of sand and dust.
8. A sand and wind resistant electric porcelain insulator suitable for harsh environments according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner part of the porcelain skirt is embedded with a toughness enhancement layer, the toughness enhancement layer is a flexible ceramic matrix composite net structure, for absorbing wind and sand impact energy and preventing brittle fracture of the porcelain skirt.
9. A sand and wind resistant electric porcelain insulator suitable for use in harsh environments according to claim 2, characterized in that: The annular sealing glue groove is provided between the inclined surface and the anti-backflow surface of the inner embedding groove, the sealing glue groove is filled with elastic sealing glue, the top inner side of the inner embedding ring is provided with an extrusion protrusion at the corresponding position, the extrusion protrusion is pressed into the sealing glue groove during installation, and double sealing in the radial and axial directions is formed.