Breeding method for improving breeding rate of replacement gilts

Abstract

The invention provides a breeding method for improving the breeding rate of replacement gilts, and the breeding method comprises the following steps: (1) adding a first functional nutritional composition into feed from 130-150 days old to the early estrus of the replacement gilts; (2) adding a second functional nutrient composition into the feed from the initial estrus period of the replacement gilts to the time before mating; and (3) within 25-35 days after mating of the replacement gilts, adding a second functional nutrient composition into the feed. According to the breeding method, oxidative stress of the replacement gilts can be relieved, development and maturation of follicles can be adjusted, oestrus and ovulation of the gilts can be promoted, the initial estrus period of the replacement gilts can be started in time, embryonic development can be promoted, the conception rate of the replacement gilts can be increased, and the replacement gilts are prevented from being eliminated due to delayed oestrus or non-oestrus or repeated breeding and infertility after oestrus; further, the breeding rate of the replacement gilts is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of animal husbandry technology, specifically relating to a breeding method for improving the breeding rate of gilts. Background Technology

[0002] Gilts, serving as replacements for breeding sows, typically account for 20%-25% of the total sow population, and their importance is growing. However, with the development of intensive pig farming, gilts are experiencing problems such as delayed or absent estrus, repeated infertility after estrus, and reduced farrowing rates, which seriously affect the economic benefits of pig farms.

[0003] The quality and success rate of gilt rearing have a significant impact on the overall production performance and economic benefits of pig farms. Studies have shown that approximately 10% of gilts do not have estrus cycles or fail to reach puberty by 8 months of age. The main reasons for gilt culling are late onset of puberty, failure to show estrus, and repeated infertility after estrus. To improve gilt success rates, pig farms generally select breeders based on four key indicators: number of estrus cycles, age, weight, and backfat thickness, and use exogenous hormones to intervene in the estrus cycle. However, these hormones have a short duration of action, significant individual variability in response, and long-term use may lead to ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome. Furthermore, the low success rate of gilt rearing is a key bottleneck restricting the development of large-scale pig farming; the extended non-productive days caused by anestrus alone result in economic losses exceeding 10 billion yuan annually for the pig farming industry.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new breeding method that enables gilts to initiate puberty at the appropriate time, promotes the growth and development of follicles and ovulation in gilts, improves the conception rate of gilts, thereby increasing the breeding rate of gilts and improving the economic benefits of farms. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, the present invention aims to provide a breeding method for improving the success rate of gilt rearing. The breeding method provided by this invention can alleviate oxidative stress in gilts, regulate follicle development and maturation, promote estrus and ovulation, promptly initiate puberty in gilts, promote embryonic development, increase conception rate, and prevent gilts from being culled due to delayed or absent estrus, or repeated infertility after estrus, thereby improving the success rate of gilt rearing.

[0006] To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: This invention provides a breeding method for improving the rearing rate of gilts, the breeding method comprising the following steps: (1) Add the first functional nutrient composition to the feed of gilts from 130-150 days of age to the onset of puberty; (2) Add a second functional nutrient composition to the feed of gilts from the onset of puberty to before mating; (3) Add a second functional nutrient composition to the feed within 25-35 days after mating of gilts.

[0007] The first functional nutritional composition comprises, by weight, 30-50 parts of plant extract, 1-10 parts of polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles, and 0.02-0.1 parts of quercetin. The number of parts of plant extract can be 30, 35, 40, 45, or 50, etc.; the number of parts of polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles can be 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, or 10, etc.; and the number of parts of quercetin can be 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, or 0.1, etc., but is not limited to the values ​​listed above. Other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable.

[0008] The second functional nutritional composition comprises, by weight, 10-30 parts of plant extract, 10-20 parts of polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles, 0.01-0.1 parts of glycyrrhizin, 0.01-0.1 parts of mogroside, and 0.01-0.1 parts of baicalin. The number of parts of plant extract can be 10, 15, 20, 25, or 30, etc.; the number of parts of polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles can be 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, or 20, etc.; and the number of parts of glycyrrhizin can be 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, ... The amounts of mogroside can be 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, or 0.1 parts, etc., and the amounts of mogroside can be 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, or 0.1 parts, etc., and the amounts of baicalin can be 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05, 0.06, 0.07, 0.08, 0.09, or 0.1 parts, etc., but are not limited to the values ​​listed above. Other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable.

[0009] Mogrosides have pharmacological effects such as antioxidation and hypoglycemia. The addition of mogrosides in this invention can regulate follicle development and promote ovulation in gilts, thereby improving conception rate and litter size.

[0010] Quercetin is a major class of flavonoids with a chemical structure similar to estrogen. This invention, by adding quercetin, can improve estrogen levels in gilts, regulate follicle growth and development, and promote estrus in gilts.

[0011] Baicalin is a flavonoid compound extracted from the dried rhizome of Scutellaria baicalensis. It has anti-inflammatory, free radical scavenging, antioxidant, and immune-regulating effects. The addition of baicalin to this invention can effectively alleviate oxidative stress damage to early embryos in gilts, promote embryonic development, and improve the conception rate of gilts.

[0012] Glycyrrhizin is a flavonoid compound that can reduce the apoptosis rate of mammalian germ cells. The addition of glycyrrhizin in this invention can alleviate oxidative stress during early embryonic development in gilts, increase the blastocyst rate, thereby promoting embryo implantation and improving the conception rate of gilts.

[0013] The above-mentioned breeding method, by using specific functional nutritional compositions and adding them at specific times, can alleviate oxidative stress in gilts, regulate follicle development and maturation, promote estrus and ovulation in gilts, promptly initiate the puberty period in gilts, promote embryonic development, improve the conception rate of gilts, and prevent gilts from being culled due to delayed or absent estrus or repeated infertility after estrus, thereby improving the breeding rate of gilts.

[0014] Preferably, the plant extracts in the first functional nutritional composition and the second functional nutritional composition each independently include kudzu root extract and / or Hedyotis diffusa extract, more preferably kudzu root extract and Hedyotis diffusa extract.

[0015] Hedyotis diffusa extract is rich in flavonoids, organic acids, polysaccharides, and alkaloids, which have antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-chemical mutagenesis, and antioxidant effects. The addition of Hedyotis diffusa extract to this invention can improve the sex hormone levels of gilts, promote estrus in gilts, and initiate the puberty period in gilts.

[0016] Kudzu root extract contains chemical substances such as puerarin and daidzein, which have antioxidant and lipid-lowering effects. The addition of kudzu root extract in this invention can promote the development of organs such as mammary glands and uterus in gilts, thereby promoting physical maturity and quickly initiating puberty in gilts.

[0017] Preferably, the mass ratio of the kudzu root extract to the oldenlandia diffusa extract is (1-3):(2-3), wherein the number of parts of the kudzu root extract can be 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 or 3, etc., and the number of parts of the oldenlandia diffusa extract can be 2, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, 2.9 or 3, etc., but is not limited to the values ​​listed above. Other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable.

[0018] Preferably, the kudzu root extract or the oldenlandia diffusa extract are each prepared independently by a method comprising the following steps: The kudzu root or Hedyotis diffusa was mixed with buffer and enzyme for enzymatic hydrolysis and sonication. Then it was mixed with β-cyclodextrin, and the solid and liquid components were separated. The solid portion was dried to obtain the kudzu root extract or Hedyotis diffusa extract.

[0019] Preferably, the buffer solution comprises citrate-disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer.

[0020] Preferably, the ratio of plant material to buffer solution is 1:(10-15) g / mL, such as 1:10 g / mL, 1:11 g / mL, 1:12 g / mL, 1:13 g / mL, 1:14 g / mL or 1:15 g / mL, but not limited to the values ​​listed above. Other values ​​not listed in the above range are also applicable.

[0021] Preferably, the enzyme includes cellulase and papain, and the mass ratio of cellulase to papain is (5-8):1, such as 5:1, 6:1, 7:1 or 8:1, but is not limited to the values ​​listed above. Other values ​​not listed in the above range are also applicable.

[0022] Preferably, the amount of enzyme added is 1-5% of the mass of the plant raw material, such as 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% or 5%, but not limited to the values ​​listed above. Other values ​​not listed within the above range are also applicable.

[0023] Preferably, the enzymatic hydrolysis temperature is 30-50℃ and the time is 30-60 min. The temperature can be 30℃, 31℃, 32℃, 33℃, 34℃, 35℃, 36℃, 37℃, 38℃, 39℃, 40℃, 40℃, 42℃, 43℃, 44℃, 45℃, 46℃, 47℃, 48℃, 49℃, or 50℃, and the time can be 30 min, 35 min, 40 min, 45 min, 50 min, 55 min, or 60 min, but is not limited to the values ​​listed above. Other values ​​not listed within the above range are also applicable.

[0024] Preferably, the ultrasonic power is 700-900 W, the temperature is 50-70℃, and the time is 50-80 min. The power can be 700 W, 750 W, 800 W, 850 W, or 900 W, and the time can be 50 min, 55 min, 60 min, 65 min, 70 min, 75 min, or 80 min, but is not limited to the values ​​listed above. Other values ​​not listed within the above range are also applicable.

[0025] Preferably, the amount of β-cyclodextrin used is 10-30% of the mass of the plant raw material, such as 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% or 30%, but not limited to the values ​​listed above. Other values ​​not listed in the above range are also applicable.

[0026] The selection of the aforementioned specific plant extracts and their preparation methods and parameters can effectively improve the effectiveness of the method.

[0027] Preferably, the polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles include any one or a combination of at least two of the following: Poria cocos polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles, Grifola frondosa polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles, or Angelica sinensis polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles. More preferably, Poria cocos polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles, Grifola frondosa polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles, and Angelica sinensis polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles are used.

[0028] Grifola frondosa polysaccharides possess various activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. This invention, by adding Grifola frondosa polysaccharides, can regulate sex hormone levels in gilts, improve follicle development, and increase fertilization rate and litter size in gilts.

[0029] Poria cocos polysaccharides possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory biological activities. This invention, by adding Poria cocos polysaccharides, can regulate the antioxidant pathways of gilts, enhance their antioxidant capacity, reduce oxidative stress damage to ovarian cells, promote follicle growth and ovulation, and increase fertilization rate and litter size in gilts.

[0030] Angelica polysaccharides possess anti-oxidative free radical damage, anti-inflammatory, blood-tonifying, and blood-activating effects. The addition of Angelica polysaccharides in this invention can improve sex hormone levels in gilts, reduce oxidative stress, and promote follicle growth, development, and ovulation in gilts.

[0031] Preferably, the mass ratio of the Poria cocos polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles, Grifola frondosa polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles and Angelica sinensis polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles is (1-2):(2-3):(1-3).

[0032] Preferably, the polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles are prepared by a method comprising the following steps: The polysaccharide preparation raw material was pulverized and then mixed with acetic acid solution for extraction. After that, it was mixed with a compound enzyme for ultrasonic extraction. After centrifugation, the liquid part was precipitated with alcohol. The precipitate was then mixed with water and maifanite nanoparticles to obtain the polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles.

[0033] The raw materials for preparing the polysaccharide include Poria cocos, Grifola frondosa, or Angelica sinensis.

[0034] Preferably, the amount of maifanite nanoparticles added is 5-10% of the mass of the polysaccharide preparation raw materials, such as 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% or 10%, but not limited to the values ​​listed above. Other values ​​not listed in the above range are also applicable.

[0035] Preferably, the ratio of the polysaccharide preparation raw material to the acetic acid solution is 1:(20-40) g / mL, such as 1:20 g / mL, 1:25 g / mL, 1:30 g / mL, 1:35 g / mL or 1:40 g / mL, but not limited to the values ​​listed above. Other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable.

[0036] Preferably, the mass fraction of the acetic acid solution is 8-15%, such as 8%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14% or 15%, but not limited to the values ​​listed above. Other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable.

[0037] Preferably, the complex enzyme comprises cellulase, hemicellulase, and papain, wherein the mass ratio of cellulase, hemicellulase, and papain is 1:(1-3):(1-2). The proportion of hemicellulase can be 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, or 3, etc., and the proportion of papain can be 1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9, or 2, etc., but is not limited to the values ​​listed above. Other unlisted values ​​within the above range are also applicable.

[0038] Preferably, the amount of the compound enzyme added is 1-5% of the mass of the polysaccharide preparation raw material, such as 1%, 2%, 3%, 4% or 5%, but not limited to the values ​​listed above. Other values ​​not listed above within the above range are also applicable.

[0039] Preferably, the ultrasonic extraction adopts an intermittent ultrasonic extraction method with a power of 300-500w, a single ultrasonic time of 10-15 s, an interval of 20-30 s, and a cycle of 30-50 times.

[0040] The aforementioned specific polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles and their preparation process control can effectively improve the effects of functional nutritional compositions, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of aquaculture methods.

[0041] Preferably, in step (1), the amount of the first functional nutritional composition added is 1-3% of the feed mass, such as 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5% or 3%, but not limited to the values ​​listed above. Other values ​​not listed above are also applicable.

[0042] Preferably, in step (2), the amount of the second functional nutritional composition added is 0.5-1% of the feed mass, such as 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9% or 1%, but not limited to the values ​​listed above. Other values ​​not listed above are also applicable.

[0043] Preferably, in step (3), the amount of the second functional nutritional composition added is 0.1-0.5% of the feed mass, such as 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4% or 0.5%, but not limited to the values ​​listed above. Other values ​​not listed above are also applicable.

[0044] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: To achieve this objective, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: This invention provides a breeding method to improve the breeding rate of gilts, which can alleviate oxidative stress in gilts, regulate follicle development and maturation, promote estrus and ovulation in sows, promptly initiate the puberty stage in gilts, promote embryonic development, improve the conception rate of gilts, and prevent gilts from being culled due to delayed or absent estrus or repeated infertility after estrus, thereby improving the breeding rate of gilts. Detailed Implementation

[0045] To further illustrate the technical means and effects of the present invention, the following describes the technical solution of the present invention in conjunction with preferred embodiments of the present invention. However, the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments.

[0046] In the following examples, quercetin was purchased from Shanghai PureU Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Glycyrrhizin was purchased from Chengdu Caoyuankang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Monk fruit glycosides were purchased from Shanxi Shangnuoda Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Baicalin was purchased from Shanxi Shangnuoda Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Maifan stone nanoparticles were purchased from Tianjin Hongyan Tianshan Stone Industry Nanotechnology Co., Ltd. β-Cyclodextrin was purchased from Shandong Tongwang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Cellulase was purchased from Guangdong Yiduoli Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Hemicellulase was purchased from Guangdong Yiduoli Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Papain was purchased from Guangdong Yiduoli Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0047] Preparation Example 1 This preparation example provides a plant extract, prepared by the following method: After drying kudzu root, it was pulverized and dissolved in citrate-disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer (material-liquid ratio = 1:13 g / mL). A compound enzyme (cellulase and papain mass ratio 6:1) was added, accounting for 3% of the plant material mass. The enzymatic hydrolysis temperature was 35 degrees Celsius, and the enzymatic hydrolysis time was 45 min. Then, it was ultrasonicated to accelerate the enzymatic hydrolysis. The ultrasonic power was 800W, and the time was 70 min. Then, the enzyme was inactivated at 85 degrees Celsius for 2 min. After cooling, β-cyclodextrin (20% of the plant material mass) was added under stirring. After the extract was completely encapsulated by β-cyclodextrin, solid-liquid separation was performed. The solid part was dried to remove water to obtain kudzu root extract.

[0048] By replacing kudzu root with an equal amount of Hedyotis diffusa, an extract of Hedyotis diffusa was prepared using the method described above.

[0049] The plant extract was obtained by mixing kudzu root extract and oldenlandia diffusa extract at a mass ratio of 2:2.5.

[0050] Preparation Example 2 This preparation example provides a plant extract, prepared by the following method: After drying kudzu root, it was pulverized and dissolved in citrate-disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer (material-liquid ratio = 1:10 g / mL). A compound enzyme (cellulase and papain mass ratio 5:1) was added, accounting for 1% of the plant material mass. The enzymatic hydrolysis temperature was 30 degrees Celsius, and the enzymatic hydrolysis time was 60 min. Then, it was ultrasonicated to accelerate the enzymatic hydrolysis. The ultrasonic power was 700 W, and the time was 80 min. Then, the enzyme was inactivated at 85 degrees Celsius for 2 min. After cooling, β-cyclodextrin (10% of the plant material mass) was added under stirring. After the extract was completely encapsulated by β-cyclodextrin, solid-liquid separation was performed. The solid part was dried to remove water to obtain kudzu root extract.

[0051] By replacing kudzu root with an equal amount of Hedyotis diffusa, an extract of Hedyotis diffusa was prepared using the method described above.

[0052] The plant extract was obtained by mixing kudzu root extract and oldenlandia diffusa extract at a mass ratio of 1:2.

[0053] Preparation Example 3 This preparation example provides a plant extract, prepared by the following method: After drying kudzu root, it was pulverized and dissolved in citrate-disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer (material-liquid ratio = 1:15 g / mL). A compound enzyme (cellulase and papain mass ratio 8:1) was added, accounting for 5% of the plant material mass. The enzymatic hydrolysis temperature was 50 degrees Celsius, and the enzymatic hydrolysis time was 30 min. Then, it was ultrasonicated to accelerate the enzymatic hydrolysis. The ultrasonic power was 900 W, and the time was 50 min. Then, the enzyme was inactivated at 85 degrees Celsius for 2 min. After cooling, β-cyclodextrin (30% of the plant material mass) was added under stirring. After the extract was completely encapsulated by β-cyclodextrin, solid-liquid separation was performed. The solid part was dried to remove water to obtain kudzu root extract.

[0054] By replacing kudzu root with an equal amount of Hedyotis diffusa, an extract of Hedyotis diffusa was prepared using the method described above.

[0055] The plant extract was obtained by mixing kudzu root extract and oldenlandia diffusa extract at a mass ratio of 3:3.

[0056] Preparation Example 4 This preparation example provides a plant extract, prepared by the following method: After drying kudzu root, it was pulverized and dissolved in citrate-disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer (material-liquid ratio = 1:13 g / mL). A compound enzyme (cellulase and papain mass ratio 6:1) was added, accounting for 3% of the plant material mass. The enzymatic hydrolysis temperature was 35 degrees Celsius, and the enzymatic hydrolysis time was 45 min. Then, it was ultrasonicated to accelerate the enzymatic hydrolysis. The ultrasonic power was 800 W, and the time was 70 min. Then, the enzyme was inactivated at 85 degrees Celsius for 2 min. After cooling, β-cyclodextrin (20% of the plant material mass) was added under stirring. After the extract was completely encapsulated by β-cyclodextrin, solid-liquid separation was performed. The solid part was dried to remove water to obtain kudzu root extract, which is the plant extract mentioned above.

[0057] Preparation Example 5 This preparation example provides a plant extract, prepared by the following method: After drying the white flower snake tongue grass, it was pulverized and dissolved in citrate-disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer (material-liquid ratio = 1:13 g / mL). A compound enzyme (cellulase and papain mass ratio 6:1) was added, accounting for 3% of the plant material mass. The enzymatic hydrolysis temperature was 35 degrees Celsius, and the enzymatic hydrolysis time was 45 min. Then, it was ultrasonicated to accelerate the enzymatic hydrolysis. The ultrasonic power was 800W, and the time was 70 min. Then, the enzyme was inactivated at 85 degrees Celsius for 2 min. After cooling, β-cyclodextrin (20% of the plant material mass) was added under stirring. After the extract was completely encapsulated by β-cyclodextrin, solid-liquid separation was performed. The solid part was dried to remove water to obtain the white flower snake tongue grass extract, which is the plant extract.

[0058] Preparation Example 6 This preparation example provides a plant extract. The preparation method is the same as that in Preparation Example 1, except that cellulase is not added and a portion is allocated to papain.

[0059] Preparation Example 7 This preparation example provides a plant extract. The preparation method is the same as that in Preparation Example 1, except that papain is not added and a portion is allocated to cellulase.

[0060] Preparation Example 8 This preparation example provides polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles, prepared by the following method: After drying Poria cocos at a constant temperature, it was pulverized and passed through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain powder. The powder was extracted with 10% acetic acid for 45 min at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:30 (g / mL) at a temperature of 60 degrees Celsius. The extracted sample was then placed in an ultrasonic device, and a compound enzyme (content of 3%, cellulase, hemicellulase, and papain mass ratio of 1:2:1.5) was added for intermittent ultrasonic-assisted extraction at a power of 400W, with a single ultrasonic session of 13s, an interval of 25s, and 40 cycles at a temperature of 50 degrees Celsius. The mixture was then centrifuged, and the liquid portion was evaporated and concentrated. 95% ethanol was added to the concentrate at a volume ratio of 1:5 for alcohol precipitation, followed by centrifugation. The precipitate was collected, dissolved in water, and stirred continuously for 30 minutes. 7% of the mass of Poria cocos was added under stirring. After all the polysaccharides were adsorbed by the maifanite nanoparticles, solid-liquid separation was performed. The solid portion was dried to remove moisture, yielding Poria cocos polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles.

[0061] By replacing Poria cocos with equal amounts of Grifola frondosa and Angelica sinensis, Grifola frondosa polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles and Angelica sinensis polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles were obtained.

[0062] Poria cocos polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles, Grifola frondosa polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles and Angelica sinensis polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles were mixed at a mass ratio of 1.5:2.5:2 to obtain the polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles.

[0063] Preparation Example 9 This preparation example provides polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles, prepared by the following method: After drying Poria cocos at a constant temperature, it was pulverized and passed through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain powder. The powder was extracted with 15% acetic acid for 45 min at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:20 (g / mL) at a temperature of 60 degrees Celsius. The extracted sample was then placed in an ultrasonic device, and a compound enzyme (content of 1%, cellulase, hemicellulase, and papain mass ratio of 1:1:1) was added for intermittent ultrasonic-assisted extraction at a power of 300W, with a single ultrasonic session of 10s, an interval of 20s, and 50 cycles at a temperature of 50 degrees Celsius. The mixture was then centrifuged, and the liquid portion was evaporated and concentrated. 95% ethanol was added to the concentrate at a volume ratio of 1:5 for alcohol precipitation, followed by centrifugation. The precipitate was collected, dissolved in water, and stirred continuously for 30 minutes. While stirring, 5% of the mass of Poria cocos was added to maifanite nanoparticles. After all the polysaccharides were adsorbed by the maifanite nanoparticles, solid-liquid separation was performed. The solid portion was dried to remove moisture, thus obtaining Poria cocos polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles.

[0064] By replacing Poria cocos with equal amounts of Grifola frondosa and Angelica sinensis, Grifola frondosa polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles and Angelica sinensis polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles were obtained.

[0065] Poria cocos polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles, Grifola frondosa polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles and Angelica sinensis polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles were mixed in a mass ratio of 1:2:1 to obtain the polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles.

[0066] Preparation Example 10 This preparation example provides polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles, prepared by the following method: After drying Poria cocos at a constant temperature, it was pulverized and passed through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain powder. The powder was extracted with 8% acetic acid for 45 min at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:40 (g / mL) at a temperature of 60 degrees Celsius. The extracted sample was then placed in an ultrasonic device, and a compound enzyme (content of 5%, cellulase, hemicellulase, and papain mass ratio of 1:3:2) was added for intermittent ultrasonic-assisted extraction at a power of 500W, with a single ultrasonic session of 15s, an interval of 30s, and 30 cycles at a temperature of 50 degrees Celsius. The mixture was then centrifuged, and the liquid portion was evaporated and concentrated. 95% ethanol was added to the concentrate at a volume ratio of 1:5 for alcohol precipitation, followed by centrifugation. The precipitate was collected, dissolved in water, and stirred continuously for 30 minutes. While stirring, 10% of the weight of Poria cocos was added to maifanite nanoparticles. After all the polysaccharides were adsorbed by the maifanite nanoparticles, solid-liquid separation was performed. The solid portion was dried to remove moisture, thus obtaining Poria cocos polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles.

[0067] By replacing Poria cocos with equal amounts of Grifola frondosa and Angelica sinensis, Grifola frondosa polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles and Angelica sinensis polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles were obtained.

[0068] Poria cocos polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles, Grifola frondosa polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles and Angelica sinensis polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles were mixed in a mass ratio of 2:3:3 to obtain the polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles.

[0069] Preparation Example 11 This preparation example provides polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles, prepared by the following method: After drying Poria cocos at a constant temperature, it was pulverized and passed through a 60-mesh sieve to obtain powder. The powder was extracted with 10% acetic acid for 45 min at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1:30 (g / mL) at a temperature of 60 degrees Celsius. Then, the extracted sample was placed in an ultrasonic device, and a compound enzyme (content of 3%, cellulase, hemicellulase, and papain mass ratio of 1:2:1.5) was added for ultrasonic-assisted extraction at a power of 400W for 520 s and a temperature of 50 degrees Celsius. The mixture was then centrifuged, and the liquid portion was evaporated and concentrated. 95% ethanol was added to the concentrate at a volume ratio of 1:5 for alcohol precipitation. The mixture was then centrifuged again, and the precipitate was collected. The precipitate was dissolved in water and stirred continuously for 30 minutes. 7% of the mass of Poria cocos maifanite nanoparticles were added while stirring. After all the polysaccharides were adsorbed by the maifanite nanoparticles, solid-liquid separation was performed. The solid portion was dried to remove moisture, thus obtaining Poria cocos polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles.

[0070] By replacing Poria cocos with equal amounts of Grifola frondosa and Angelica sinensis, Grifola frondosa polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles and Angelica sinensis polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles were obtained.

[0071] Poria cocos polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles, Grifola frondosa polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles and Angelica sinensis polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles were mixed at a mass ratio of 1.5:2.5:2 to obtain the polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles.

[0072] Example 1 This embodiment provides a breeding method to improve the success rate of gilt rearing, and the specific steps are as follows: (1) Add 2% of the first functional nutrient composition to the feed of gilts from 150 days of age to the onset of puberty; (2) Add 0.8% of the second functional nutrient composition to the feed of gilts from the onset of puberty to before mating; (3) Add 0.3% of the second functional nutrient composition to the feed within 30 days after mating of gilts; The first functional nutritional composition comprises, by weight, 40 parts of plant extract provided in Preparation Example 1, 5 parts of polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles provided in Preparation Example 8, and 0.07 parts of quercetin, obtained by mixing the raw materials.

[0073] The second functional nutritional composition comprises, by weight, 20 parts of plant extract provided in Preparation Example 1, 15 parts of polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles provided in Preparation Example 8, 0.05 parts of glycyrrhizin, 0.05 parts of mogroside and 0.05 parts of baicalin, obtained by mixing the raw materials.

[0074] Example 2 This embodiment provides a breeding method to improve the success rate of gilt rearing, and the specific steps are as follows: (1) Add 1% of the first functional nutrient composition to the feed of gilts from 140 days of age to the onset of puberty; (2) Add 1% of the second functional nutrient composition to the feed of gilts from the onset of puberty to before mating; (3) Add 0.5% of the second functional nutrient composition to the feed within 25 days after mating of gilts; The first functional nutritional composition comprises, by weight, 30 parts of plant extract provided in Preparation Example 2, 1 part of polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles provided in Preparation Example 9, and 0.02 parts of quercetin, obtained by mixing the raw materials.

[0075] The second functional nutritional composition comprises, by weight, 10 parts of the plant extract provided in Preparation Example 2, 10 parts of the polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles provided in Preparation Example 9, 0.01 parts of glycyrrhizin, 0.01 parts of mogroside and 0.01 parts of baicalin, obtained by mixing the raw materials.

[0076] Example 3 This embodiment provides a breeding method to improve the success rate of gilt rearing, and the specific steps are as follows: (1) Add 3% of the first functional nutrient composition to the feed of gilts from 130 days of age to the onset of puberty; (2) Add 0.5% of the second functional nutrient composition to the feed of gilts from the onset of puberty to before mating; (3) Add 0.1% of the second functional nutrient composition to the feed within 35 days after mating of gilts; The first functional nutritional composition comprises, by weight, 50 parts of plant extract provided in Preparation Example 3, 10 parts of polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles provided in Preparation Example 10, and 0.1 parts of quercetin, obtained by mixing the raw materials.

[0077] The second functional nutritional composition comprises, by weight, 30 parts of plant extract provided in Preparation Example 3, 20 parts of polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles provided in Preparation Example 10, 0.1 parts of glycyrrhizin, 0.1 parts of mogroside and 0.1 parts of baicalin, obtained by mixing the raw materials.

[0078] Examples 4-7 Examples 4-7 provide a breeding method to improve the breeding rate of replacement gilts. The specific steps are the same as in Example 1, except that the plant extract provided in Preparation Example 1 is replaced with an equal amount of the plant extract provided in Preparation Examples 4-7.

[0079] Example 8 This embodiment provides a breeding method to improve the breeding rate of replacement gilts. The specific steps are the same as in Example 1, except that the polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles provided in Preparation Example 8 are replaced with an equal amount of polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles provided in Preparation Example 11.

[0080] Example 9 This embodiment provides a breeding method to improve the breeding rate of replacement gilts. The specific steps are the same as in Example 1, except that the polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles provided in Preparation Example 8 are replaced with polysaccharide (i.e., precipitate) and maifanite nanoparticles of a moderate amount in Preparation Example 8.

[0081] Comparative Example 1 This comparative example provides a breeding method to improve the breeding rate of replacement gilts. The specific steps are the same as in Example 1, except that the first functional nutrient composition and the second functional nutrient composition are interchanged (the original composition dosage remains unchanged in each step).

[0082] Effect test: Three hundred and thirty healthy gilts, 150 days old and of similar weight, were randomly divided into 11 groups, with 30 replicates per group and one sow per replicate. The control group used conventional rearing methods, while the experimental groups (Examples 1-9 and Comparative Example 1) used the rearing method of this invention. The experimental period began when the gilts were 130 days old and lasted until 35 days after their first mating. All gilts were mated during their third estrus cycle (only for sows in estrus).

[0083] Record the age at first estrus, number of sows in estrus, and number of sows in conception for replacement gilts, and calculate the average value, estrus rate, conception rate, and rearing rate. The results are as follows: Age at first estrus: The time interval from birth to the first estrus in a sow; Estrus rate = (Number of sows in estrus during the trial period / Number of sows in the trial) × 100%; Conception rate = (Number of sows that conceived during the trial period / Number of sows that were bred during the trial period) × 100%; Breeding rate = (Number of sows conceiving during the trial / Number of sows in the trial) × 100%. In addition, blood was collected from the marginal ear vein of six sows in each group the day before mating. The blood samples were allowed to stand at room temperature for 10 minutes, then centrifuged at 3000 r / min for 15 minutes to prepare serum. The serum was transferred to Eppendorf tubes and stored at -20℃ for antioxidant capacity evaluation. Total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured using kits, following the instructions. All kits were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. The results are as follows: The data above show that the method provided by this invention can effectively alleviate oxidative stress in gilts, improve their estrus and conception rates, and prevent them from being culled due to delayed or absent estrus, or repeated infertility after estrus, thereby increasing the breeding rate of gilts. Comparative Examples 1-7 show that this invention can effectively improve the method's effectiveness by selecting specific plant extracts and their preparation methods. Comparative Examples 1 and 8 show that this invention can effectively improve the polysaccharide extraction effect by using intermittent ultrasonic extraction, thereby improving the method's effectiveness. Comparative Examples 1 and 9 show that this invention further improves the method's effectiveness by combining polysaccharides with maifanite nanoparticles using a specific method. Comparative Examples 1 and 1 show that this invention can effectively alleviate oxidative stress in gilts, improve their estrus and conception rates, and prevent them from being culled due to delayed or absent estrus, or repeated infertility after estrus, thereby increasing the breeding rate of gilts.

[0084] The applicant declares that this invention illustrates the breeding method for improving the rearing rate of gilts through the above embodiments, but this invention is not limited to the above embodiments, that is, it does not mean that this invention must rely on the above embodiments to be implemented. Those skilled in the art should understand that any improvements to this invention, equivalent substitutions of the raw materials of this invention, additions of auxiliary components, and selection of specific methods, etc., all fall within the protection scope and disclosure scope of this invention.

[0085] The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above. However, the present invention is not limited to the specific details in the above embodiments. Within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, various simple modifications can be made to the technical solution of the present invention, and these simple modifications all fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0086] It should also be noted that the various specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments can be combined in any suitable manner without contradiction. In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention will not describe the various possible combinations separately.

Claims

1. A breeding method for improving the rearing rate of gilts, characterized in that, The breeding method includes the following steps: (1) Add the first functional nutrient composition to the feed of gilts from 130-150 days of age to the onset of puberty; (2) Add a second functional nutrient composition to the feed of gilts from the onset of puberty to before mating; (3) Add a second functional nutrient composition to the feed within 25-35 days after mating of gilts; The first functional nutritional composition comprises, by weight, 30-50 parts of plant extract, 1-10 parts of polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles, and 0.02-0.1 parts of quercetin; The second functional nutritional composition comprises, by weight, 10-30 parts of plant extract, 10-20 parts of polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles, 0.01-0.1 parts of glycyrrhizin, 0.01-0.1 parts of mogroside and 0.01-0.1 parts of baicalin.

2. The breeding method for improving the rearing rate of gilts according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plant extracts in the first functional nutritional composition and the second functional nutritional composition each independently include kudzu root extract and / or Hedyotis diffusa extract, preferably kudzu root extract and Hedyotis diffusa extract. Preferably, the mass ratio of the kudzu root extract to the oldenlandia diffusa extract is (1-3):(2-3).

3. The breeding method for improving the rearing rate of gilts according to claim 2, characterized in that, The kudzu root extract or the oldenlandia diffusa extract are each prepared independently by a method comprising the following steps: The kudzu root or Hedyotis diffusa was mixed with buffer and enzyme for enzymatic hydrolysis and sonication. Then it was mixed with β-cyclodextrin, and the solid and liquid components were separated. The solid portion was dried to obtain the kudzu root extract or Hedyotis diffusa extract.

4. The breeding method for improving the rearing rate of gilts according to claim 3, characterized in that, The buffer solution includes citrate-disodium hydrogen phosphate buffer; Preferably, the ratio of the plant material to the buffer solution is 1:(10-15) g / mL; Preferably, the enzyme comprises cellulase and papain, wherein the mass ratio of cellulase to papain is (5-8):1; Preferably, the amount of enzyme added is 1-5% of the mass of the plant material; Preferably, the enzymatic hydrolysis is performed at a temperature of 30-50°C for 30-60 minutes. Preferably, the power of the ultrasound is 700-900 W and the duration is 50-80 min; Preferably, the amount of β-cyclodextrin used is 10-30% of the mass of the plant raw material.

5. The method for improving the breeding rate of gilts according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles include any one or a combination of at least two of the following: Poria cocos polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles, Grifola frondosa polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles, or Angelica sinensis polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles, preferably Poria cocos polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles, Grifola frondosa polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles, and Angelica sinensis polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles. Preferably, the mass ratio of the Poria cocos polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles, Grifola frondosa polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles and Angelica sinensis polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles is (1-2):(2-3):(1-3).

6. The method for improving the breeding rate of gilts according to claim 5, characterized in that, The polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles were prepared by a method comprising the following steps: The polysaccharide preparation raw material was pulverized and mixed with acetic acid solution for extraction. Then it was mixed with a compound enzyme for ultrasonic extraction. After centrifugation, the liquid part was precipitated with alcohol. The precipitate was mixed with water and maifanite nanoparticles to obtain the polysaccharide-maifanite nanoparticles. The raw materials for preparing the polysaccharide include Poria cocos, Grifola frondosa, or Angelica sinensis; Preferably, the amount of maifanite nanoparticles added is 5-10% of the mass of the polysaccharide preparation raw materials.

7. The breeding method for improving the rearing rate of gilts according to claim 6, characterized in that, The ratio of the polysaccharide preparation raw material to the acetic acid solution is 1:(20-40) g / mL; Preferably, the acetic acid solution has a mass fraction of 8-15%; Preferably, the complex enzyme comprises cellulase, hemicellulase and papain, wherein the mass ratio of cellulase, hemicellulase and papain is 1:(1-3):(1-2); Preferably, the amount of the compound enzyme added is 1-5% of the mass of the polysaccharide preparation raw materials.

8. The method for improving the breeding rate of gilts according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, The ultrasonic extraction adopts an intermittent ultrasonic extraction method with a power of 300-500w, a single ultrasonic session time of 10-15 s, an interval of 20-30 s, and a cycle of 30-50 times.

9. The method for improving the breeding rate of gilts according to any one of claims 1-8, characterized in that, Step (1) The amount of the first functional nutritional composition added is 1-3% of the feed mass.

10. The method for improving the breeding rate of gilts according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Step (2): The amount of the second functional nutrient composition added is 0.5-1% of the feed mass; Preferably, in step (3), the amount of the second functional nutrient composition added is 0.1-0.5% of the feed mass.

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