Vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration method, device and equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The invention provides a vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration method, device and equipment and a storage medium, and the method comprises the steps: obtaining the road test reproduction data of a vehicle, and building a whole vehicle three-dimensional simulation model according to the first boundary data, flow field simulation and temperature field simulation are carried out on the whole vehicle three-dimensional simulation model to obtain the air speed and the air temperature of inlet air on the surface of a heat exchanger in the vehicle, one-dimensional simulation modeling is carried out on a heat management system of the vehicle to obtain a one-dimensional model, and the second boundary data, the air speed and the air temperature are input into the one-dimensional model to carry out transient simulation to obtain heat management simulation data. And according to a data gap between the thermal management simulation data and the thermal management reproduction data, carrying out iterative calibration on model parameters of the one-dimensional model until the data gap meets a preset precision threshold value, and completing vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration. According to the method, the wind speed and the wind temperature of the inlet air on the surface of the heat exchanger are obtained through the high-fidelity road test reproduction data and the whole vehicle three-dimensional simulation model, and vehicle off-road thermal management simulation is accurately calibrated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of thermal management simulation technology, and in particular to a method, apparatus, equipment and storage medium for calibrating off-road thermal management simulation of vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] With the increasing popularity of pickup trucks and rugged off-road vehicles, their performance under extreme conditions is receiving growing attention. In off-road mode, vehicles typically face demanding conditions such as low speed, heavy loads, and prolonged high-power output, including climbing long slopes, escaping mud, and driving on sand. This causes a dramatic increase in heat generation in critical components like the engine, drive motor, generator, and battery. Furthermore, off-road environments are often accompanied by high temperatures and altitudes, further exacerbating heat dissipation. Inadequate thermal management system design can easily lead to component overheating, performance degradation, and even malfunctions, seriously threatening driving safety and vehicle lifespan.

[0003] In the development of vehicle thermal management systems, computer-aided engineering (CAE) is widely used due to its advantages such as low cost, short cycle time, and ability to simulate different working conditions. However, the accuracy of simulation models heavily depends on the accuracy of boundary conditions and model parameters. Especially for complex and variable off-road conditions, the acquisition of parameter information is time-consuming, costly, uncontrollable, and difficult to reproduce, and there is a lack of systematic benchmarking and verification with real test data. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration method, apparatus, equipment, and storage medium to solve the technical problem of the lack of systematic benchmarking and verification of the above-mentioned thermal management simulation model with real test data.

[0005] This invention provides a vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration method. The method includes: acquiring road test reproduction data of the vehicle, the road test reproduction data including thermal management reproduction data under off-road conditions, and first boundary data and second boundary data for constraining model simulation; establishing a three-dimensional simulation model of the whole vehicle based on the first boundary data, and performing flow field simulation and temperature field simulation on the three-dimensional simulation model of the whole vehicle to obtain the wind speed and wind temperature of the air entering the heat exchanger surface in the vehicle; performing one-dimensional simulation modeling of the vehicle's thermal management system to obtain a one-dimensional model; inputting the second boundary data, the wind speed, and the wind temperature into the one-dimensional model for transient simulation to obtain thermal management simulation data, and iteratively calibrating the model parameters of the one-dimensional model based on the data difference between the thermal management simulation data and the thermal management reproduction data until the data difference meets a preset accuracy threshold, thereby completing the vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration.

[0006] In one embodiment of the present invention, establishing a three-dimensional simulation model of the whole vehicle based on the first boundary data includes: establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of the whole vehicle and meshing the three-dimensional geometric model of the whole vehicle; setting a preset turbulence model and a preset heat exchange model within the meshed three-dimensional geometric model of the whole vehicle to obtain an initial three-dimensional simulation model; and setting the first boundary conditions of the initial three-dimensional simulation model based on the first boundary data to obtain a three-dimensional simulation model of the whole vehicle.

[0007] In one embodiment of the present invention, setting the first boundary conditions of the initial three-dimensional simulation model based on the first boundary data includes: setting the inlet boundary conditions of the initial three-dimensional simulation model, wherein the inlet boundary includes the incoming air velocity, ambient temperature, and air pressure; determining the cooling fan speed as the rotational boundary condition of the initial three-dimensional simulation model; and setting the thermal boundary conditions of the initial three-dimensional simulation model, wherein the thermal boundary conditions include the individual heat generation and / or exhaust temperature of the corresponding component in the thermal management system; wherein the first boundary conditions include the inlet boundary conditions, the rotational boundary conditions, and the thermal boundary conditions, the first boundary data includes the incoming air velocity, the ambient temperature, the air pressure, and the cooling fan speed, and the individual heat generation is obtained based on the target power load time series data of the corresponding component in the first boundary data.

[0008] In one embodiment of the present invention, the second boundary data, the wind speed, and the wind temperature are input into the one-dimensional model for transient simulation to obtain thermal management simulation data. This includes: setting the second boundary conditions of the one-dimensional model based on the wind speed, the wind temperature, and the ambient temperature in the second boundary data; determining the system heat source based on the target power load time series data in the second boundary data, and inputting it into the one-dimensional model for transient simulation to obtain thermal management simulation data. The target power load time series data includes engine power load time series data and / or motor power load time series data. The system heat source includes the individual heat generation of corresponding components in the thermal management system. The determination of the motor power load time series data includes: determining the corresponding wheel-end power demand based on the sliding resistance corresponding to different road spectra in the road test reproduction data; obtaining the speed and torque of each motor in the motor power load time series data based on the wheel-end power demand and the preset power distribution ratio of multiple motors, to determine the individual heat generation of each motor under different road spectra. The road spectra include vehicle speed and gradient.

[0009] In one embodiment of the present invention, the model parameters of the one-dimensional model are iteratively calibrated based on the data gap between the thermal management simulation data and the thermal management reproduction data. This includes: comparing the simulation change curve of the thermal management simulation data with the reproduction change curve of the corresponding thermal management reproduction data to obtain an evaluation index, wherein the evaluation index includes the maximum error and / or the mean absolute error; performing error analysis on the evaluation index to obtain the error source; and adjusting the corresponding model parameters in the one-dimensional model according to the error source to iteratively calibrate the model parameters of the one-dimensional model.

[0010] In one embodiment of the present invention, comparing the simulated change curve of the thermal management simulation data with the corresponding reproduced change curve of the thermal management reproduction data includes: extracting the target component temperature, the cooling medium temperature of multiple cooling systems, and the cooling medium flow rate trends over time from the thermal management simulation data and the thermal management reproduction data, respectively, to obtain the corresponding simulated change curve and reproduced change curve; and comparing the simulated change curve and the corresponding reproduced change curve.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present invention, the determination of the road test reproduction data includes: extracting the vehicle road load spectrum from the actual vehicle road test data, wherein the vehicle road load spectrum includes time speed data, time gradient data, and target control data, wherein the target control data includes time torque data and / or time power data; mapping the vehicle road load spectrum to the equipment control commands corresponding to the drum and chassis dynamometer in the experimental environment chamber; performing environmental reproduction on the experimental environment chamber; fixing the vehicle on the drum that can simulate the gradient, and reproducing the vehicle's load on the road test according to the equipment control commands to obtain the road test reproduction data.

[0012] This invention provides a vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration device. The device includes: a data acquisition module for acquiring road test reproduction data of the vehicle, the road test reproduction data including thermal management reproduction data under off-road conditions, and first boundary data and second boundary data for constraining model simulation; a three-dimensional simulation module for establishing a three-dimensional simulation model of the whole vehicle based on the first boundary data, and performing flow field simulation and temperature field simulation on the three-dimensional simulation model of the whole vehicle to obtain the wind speed and wind temperature of the air entering the heat exchanger surface in the vehicle; a thermal management system modeling module for performing one-dimensional simulation modeling of the vehicle's thermal management system to obtain a one-dimensional model; and a simulation calibration module for inputting the second boundary data, the wind speed, and the wind temperature into the one-dimensional model for transient simulation to obtain thermal management simulation data, and iteratively calibrating the model parameters of the one-dimensional model based on the data difference between the thermal management simulation data and the thermal management reproduction data until the data difference meets a preset accuracy threshold, thereby completing the vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration.

[0013] The present invention provides an electronic device comprising: one or more processors; and a storage device for storing one or more programs, wherein when the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the electronic device enables the vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration method as described in any of the above embodiments.

[0014] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, which, when executed by a computer processor, causes the computer to perform the vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration method described in any of the above embodiments.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: The present invention proposes a vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration method, device, equipment and storage medium, which transforms real vehicle road test data under real working conditions into a controllable laboratory environment chamber test, and uses high-fidelity road test reproduction data and the wind speed and wind temperature of the heat exchanger surface obtained from the three-dimensional simulation model of the whole vehicle to accurately calibrate the one-dimensional model, thereby greatly improving the accuracy and reliability of thermal management simulation prediction and shortening the thermal management performance development cycle. Attached Figure Description

[0016] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and form part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with this application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of this application. It is obvious that the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of this application, and those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any inventive effort.

[0017] In the attached diagram: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of an exemplary system architecture provided in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration method provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an off-road hill-climbing condition provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a one-dimensional model provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of simulation analysis of a one-dimensional model provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the process for calibrating a one-dimensional model according to one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a block diagram of a vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration device provided in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer system for an electronic device provided in one embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The following specific examples illustrate the implementation of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can easily understand other advantages and effects of the present invention from the content disclosed in this specification. The present invention can also be implemented or applied through other different specific embodiments. Various details in this specification can also be modified or changed based on different viewpoints and applications without departing from the spirit of the present invention. In the absence of conflict, the following embodiments and features in the embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0019] It should be noted that the illustrations provided in the following embodiments are only schematic representations of the basic concept of the present invention. The drawings only show the components related to the present invention and are not drawn according to the actual number, shape and size of the components in the actual implementation. In the actual implementation, the form, quantity and proportion of each component can be arbitrarily changed, and the layout of the components may also be more complex.

[0020] In the following description, numerous details are explored to provide a more thorough explanation of embodiments of the invention. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other embodiments, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form rather than in detail to avoid obscuring embodiments of the invention.

[0021] Please see Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of an exemplary system architecture provided in an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 1 As shown, the system architecture may include a laboratory environment chamber 110 and a computer device 120. The laboratory environment chamber reproduces real-world road test data of the vehicle under actual operating conditions, generating road test reproduction data which is then transmitted to the computer device for simulation calibration of the vehicle's thermal management system.

[0022] For example, computer device 120 acquires road test reproduction data of the vehicle, including thermal management reproduction data under off-road conditions, as well as first boundary data and second boundary data used for constraint model simulation; a three-dimensional simulation model of the whole vehicle is established based on the first boundary data, and flow field simulation and temperature field simulation are performed on the three-dimensional simulation model of the whole vehicle to obtain the wind speed and wind temperature of the air entering the heat exchanger surface in the vehicle; a one-dimensional simulation model of the vehicle's thermal management system is performed to obtain a one-dimensional model; the second boundary data, wind speed and wind temperature are input into the one-dimensional model for transient simulation to obtain thermal management simulation data, and the model parameters of the one-dimensional model are iteratively calibrated based on the data difference between the thermal management simulation data and the thermal management reproduction data until the data difference meets the preset accuracy threshold, thus completing the vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration.

[0023] In related technologies, there is a technical problem that thermal management simulation models lack systematic benchmarking and verification based on real test data.

[0024] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this invention provides a vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration method, apparatus, equipment, and storage medium. The implementation details of the technical solutions of this invention are described in detail below.

[0025] Please see Figure 2 , Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration method provided in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 2 As shown, in an exemplary embodiment, the vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration method includes at least steps S210 to S240, which are described in detail below: Step S210: Obtain the road test reproduction data of the vehicle.

[0026] The road test reproduction data includes thermal management reproduction data under off-road conditions, as well as first boundary data and second boundary data used for constraint model simulation.

[0027] In one embodiment of the present invention, the road test reproduction data is obtained based on the reproduction test of real vehicle road test data in a laboratory environment chamber.

[0028] In one embodiment of the present invention, the real vehicle road test data is obtained by real vehicle testing under representative real off-road conditions.

[0029] In one embodiment of the present invention, the real vehicle road test data includes vehicle operating condition data, thermal management system parameters, and environmental parameters.

[0030] In one embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 3 , Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of an off-road hill-climbing scenario provided in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3As shown, a real-world vehicle test was conducted under off-road hill-climbing conditions in the desert. The vertical drop was 120 meters, the maximum gradient was 38%, and the broken line represents the driving path.

[0031] In one embodiment of the present invention, vehicle operating condition data is used to characterize key parameters reflecting the vehicle's power demand and driving status, including but not limited to battery state of charge (SOC), vehicle speed, acceleration, gear, throttle opening, brake signal, engine speed and torque, generator speed and torque, drive motor speed and torque, etc.

[0032] In one embodiment of the present invention, the thermal management system parameters are used to characterize the temperatures of key nodes in the entire thermal management loop, including but not limited to the generator cooling system water temperature, the inlet and outlet water temperatures of the low-temperature radiator, the inlet and outlet coolant temperatures of the battery pack, the drive motor temperature, and the motor controller temperature.

[0033] In one embodiment of the present invention, environmental parameters include ambient temperature, humidity, and atmospheric pressure related to altitude.

[0034] In one embodiment of the present invention, a temperature sensor is arranged on the inlet and outlet water pipes of the engine cooling system, generator cooling system, motor cooling system, and battery cooling system. The temperature sensors are connected to a temperature data acquisition device, and the coolant temperature signals at the inlet and outlet of each cooling system are read through the Controller Area Network (CAN) device and the CAN database (DBC) file. The humidity and pressure of the surrounding environment are measured by a hygrometer and a pressure gauge. Other vehicle operating data (such as battery SOC, vehicle speed, acceleration, engine speed and torque, generator speed and torque, drive motor speed and torque, gear, throttle opening, brake signal, etc.), thermal management system parameters (such as drive motor temperature, motor controller temperature), and ambient temperature can be directly read through the CAN signal.

[0035] In one embodiment of the present invention, the determination of road test reproduction data includes: extracting the vehicle road load spectrum from the actual vehicle road test data, wherein the vehicle road load spectrum includes time speed data, time gradient data, and target control data, wherein the target control data includes time torque data and / or time power data; mapping the vehicle road load spectrum to the equipment control commands corresponding to the drum and chassis dynamometer in the experimental environment chamber; performing environmental reproduction of the experimental environment chamber; fixing the vehicle on the drum that can simulate the gradient, and reproducing the vehicle's load on the road test according to the equipment control commands to obtain road test reproduction data.

[0036] In one embodiment of the present invention, uncontrollable road testing is transformed into controllable, repeatable, and precise testing in a laboratory environment chamber, including data processing, environmental reproduction, and load reproduction.

[0037] In one embodiment of the present invention, data processing includes: filtering and feature extraction of the collected real vehicle road test data to generate a time-series signal for controlling the environmental chamber equipment, namely the vehicle road load spectrum.

[0038] In one embodiment of the present invention, the real vehicle road test data is standardized with a unified time reference and invalid data is removed; and a low-pass filter is used for smoothing to retain the dynamic characteristics representing the vehicle's thermal load and extract typical operating condition segments, thereby synthesizing a vehicle road load spectrum that includes time-vehicle speed curves, time-gradient curves, and time-torque / time-torque power. The physical quantities in the vehicle road load spectrum are mapped to the corresponding equipment control commands of the laboratory environmental chamber drum and chassis dynamometer through calibration relationships, and a standard format control file is generated.

[0039] In one embodiment of the present invention, environmental reproduction is used to set the conditions inside the laboratory environment chamber and stabilize them under the temperature, humidity and atmospheric pressure of the road test environment, eliminating interference caused by fluctuations in natural conditions.

[0040] In one embodiment of the invention, the load setting involves placing the vehicle on a drum / chassis dynamometer capable of simulating incline. Using the processed time-vehicle speed curve and time-incline curve as a basis, and combining this with collected engine / motor torque data, the drum and chassis dynamometer are precisely controlled to reproduce the vehicle's comprehensive load on the road.

[0041] In one embodiment of the invention, the coolant temperature of each cooling system is monitored during vehicle testing in a laboratory environment chamber. Because the conditions in the laboratory environment chamber are constant and the load is precisely controllable, this hill-climbing test can be repeated an unlimited number of times, with highly consistent results each time, providing benchmark data for thermal management system simulation.

[0042] Step S220: Establish a three-dimensional simulation model of the whole vehicle based on the first boundary data, and perform flow field simulation and temperature field simulation on the three-dimensional simulation model of the whole vehicle to obtain the wind speed and wind temperature of the air entering the heat exchanger surface in the vehicle.

[0043] In one embodiment of the present invention, a three-dimensional external flow field analysis and temperature field analysis of the whole vehicle are performed using a three-dimensional simulation model of the whole vehicle.

[0044] In one embodiment of the present invention, establishing a three-dimensional simulation model of the whole vehicle based on the first boundary data includes: establishing a three-dimensional geometric model of the whole vehicle and meshing the three-dimensional geometric model of the whole vehicle; setting a preset turbulence model and a preset heat exchange model within the meshed three-dimensional geometric model of the whole vehicle to obtain an initial three-dimensional simulation model; and setting the first boundary conditions of the initial three-dimensional simulation model based on the first boundary data to obtain the three-dimensional simulation model of the whole vehicle.

[0045] In one embodiment of the present invention, the three-dimensional geometric model of the whole vehicle includes the complete body shape, interior and exterior trim, chassis, cooling system (such as radiator, condenser, etc.), air intake grille and other components that affect the operation of the vehicle thermal management system.

[0046] In one embodiment of the present invention, before meshing, it is necessary to ensure that the engine compartment and the passenger compartment of the vehicle body form a closed area; to ensure calculation accuracy, the total number of meshes should be controlled.

[0047] In one embodiment of the present invention, the focus of the meshing process includes key areas such as the air intake grille, chassis, and cooling system. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is employed to solve the three-dimensional viscous flow and heat transfer problem, and appropriate pre-defined turbulence and heat exchange models are introduced.

[0048] In one embodiment of the present invention, the preset turbulence model includes a Realizable K-Epsilon turbulence model. Here, k is the turbulent kinetic energy, and ε is the turbulent dissipation rate.

[0049] In one embodiment of the present invention, setting the first boundary conditions of the initial three-dimensional simulation model based on the first boundary data includes: setting the inlet boundary conditions of the initial three-dimensional simulation model, the inlet boundary including the incoming air velocity, ambient temperature and air pressure; determining the cooling fan speed as the rotational boundary condition of the initial three-dimensional simulation model; setting the thermal boundary conditions of the initial three-dimensional simulation model, the thermal boundary conditions including the individual heat generation and / or exhaust temperature of the corresponding component in the thermal management system; wherein, the first boundary conditions include the inlet boundary conditions, the rotational boundary conditions and the thermal boundary conditions, the first boundary data includes the incoming air velocity, ambient temperature, air pressure and cooling fan speed, and the individual heat generation is obtained based on the target power load time series data of the corresponding component in the first boundary data.

[0050] In one embodiment of the present invention, the first boundary condition setting is to use the working conditions reproduced in the laboratory environment chamber test as the input of the CFD simulation, such as setting the incoming air velocity consistent with that in the chamber, and the incoming air velocity corresponding to the vehicle driving speed.

[0051] In one embodiment of the present invention, the completed three-dimensional simulation model of the vehicle is uploaded to a high-performance cloud for model calculation. After the model converges, the external flow field distribution and temperature distribution of the vehicle under specific working conditions are obtained.

[0052] In one embodiment of the present invention, wind speed distribution data and air temperature distribution data of the windward side of the heat exchanger are extracted to obtain the wind speed and air temperature of the air entering the heat exchanger surface, which can be used as the boundary input of the one-dimensional model.

[0053] Step S230: Perform one-dimensional simulation modeling of the vehicle's thermal management system to obtain a one-dimensional model.

[0054] In one embodiment of the present invention, one-dimensional simulation modeling of the vehicle's thermal management system includes: establishing a complete one-dimensional model in a one-dimensional system simulation platform, including the powertrain (such as an engine / motor), radiator, pump, valve circuit, and cooling medium.

[0055] In one embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 4 , Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a one-dimensional model provided in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 As shown, the one-dimensional model includes: battery cooling circuit 410, battery pack 420, air conditioning cooling circuit 430, high-temperature cooling circuit 440, passenger compartment model 450, engine compartment model 460, low-temperature cooling circuit 470, and motor cooling circuit 480. The high-temperature cooling circuit includes the engine cooling circuit; the battery cooling circuit is coupled to the air conditioning cooling circuit via a chiiller (a special type of heat exchanger), and the subsystems of the other cooling circuits are integrated and coupled in the engine compartment model via heat exchangers.

[0056] Step S240: Input the second boundary data, wind speed and wind temperature into the one-dimensional model for transient simulation to obtain thermal management simulation data. Based on the data gap between the thermal management simulation data and the thermal management reproduction data, iteratively calibrate the model parameters of the one-dimensional model until the data gap meets the preset accuracy threshold, thus completing the vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration.

[0057] In one embodiment of the present invention, the second boundary data, wind speed, and wind temperature are input into a one-dimensional model for transient simulation to obtain thermal management simulation data. This includes: setting the second boundary conditions of the one-dimensional model based on the wind speed, wind temperature, and ambient temperature in the second boundary data; determining the system heat source based on the target power load time series data in the second boundary data, and inputting it into the one-dimensional model for transient simulation to obtain thermal management simulation data. The target power load time series data includes engine power load time series data and / or motor power load time series data. The system heat source includes the individual heat generation of the corresponding components in the thermal management system. The determination of the motor power load time series data includes: determining the corresponding wheel end demand power based on the sliding resistance corresponding to different road spectra in the road test reproduction data; and obtaining the speed and torque of each motor in the motor power load time series data based on the wheel end demand power and the preset power distribution ratio of multiple motors to determine the individual heat generation of each motor under different road spectra. The road spectra include vehicle speed and gradient.

[0058] In one embodiment of the present invention, the air velocity and air temperature at the heat exchanger surface obtained from the above-mentioned three-dimensional CFD analysis are used as the heat transfer boundary conditions of the heat exchanger in the one-dimensional model. Furthermore, the reproduced engine load time series data and / or motor power load time series data are used as the system heat source input.

[0059] In one embodiment of the present invention, the motor includes a front-drive motor, a generator, and a rear-drive motor.

[0060] In one embodiment of the present invention, a one-dimensional transient simulation of a one-dimensional model is run to calculate the dynamic changes in the temperature of the cooling medium such as coolant and refrigerant, the flow rate of the cooling medium, and the temperature of the target components over time during the entire off-road working condition cycle.

[0061] In one embodiment of the present invention, the model parameters of a one-dimensional model are iteratively calibrated based on the data gap between thermal management simulation data and thermal management reproduction data. This includes: comparing the simulation change curve of the thermal management simulation data with the corresponding reproduction change curve of the thermal management reproduction data to obtain evaluation indicators, which include the maximum error and / or the mean absolute error; performing error analysis on the evaluation indicators to obtain the error sources; and adjusting the corresponding model parameters in the one-dimensional model according to the error sources to iteratively calibrate the model parameters of the one-dimensional model.

[0062] In one embodiment of the present invention, the model parameters include the heat transfer coefficient of each component and the system flow rate.

[0063] In one embodiment of the present invention, the predetermined accuracy threshold includes a critical temperature point error of less than ±2 degrees Celsius (°C).

[0064] In one embodiment of the present invention, comparing the simulated change curve of thermal management simulation data with the corresponding reproduced change curve of thermal management reproduction data includes: extracting the trends of target component temperature, cooling medium temperature of multiple cooling systems, and cooling medium flow rate with time from thermal management simulation data and thermal management reproduction data respectively, to obtain the corresponding simulated change curve and reproduced change curve; and comparing the simulated change curve and the corresponding reproduced change curve.

[0065] In one embodiment of the present invention, a systematic comparison is made between the one-dimensional simulated temperature curve (such as the inlet and outlet water temperature of a low-temperature radiator) and the corresponding actual temperature curve in the road test reproduction data, and evaluation indicators such as maximum error and mean absolute error (MAE) are introduced for quantitative evaluation. The sources of error are analyzed, and the model parameters in the one-dimensional model are iteratively calibrated until the consistency between the thermal management simulation data and the road test reproduction data meets the preset accuracy threshold.

[0066] In one embodiment of the present invention, independent road test reproduction data that has not been calibrated is used to verify the one-dimensional model, confirming that it has good generalization prediction ability, which can be used to guide the precise development of new vehicle models.

[0067] In one embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 5 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the simulation analysis of a one-dimensional model provided in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 5 As shown, the red curve represents the inlet water temperature of the cooling system obtained from the one-dimensional model simulation, while the blue curve represents the temperature measured in the laboratory environment chamber. The horizontal axis represents time in seconds, and the vertical axis represents temperature in degrees Celsius. By analyzing the simulated and reproduced curves, we can monitor the water temperature of each cooling system under off-road hill-climbing conditions, the temperature changes over time, and the highest water temperature. This allows us to determine whether the cooling system water temperature meets the cooling performance requirements of the corresponding components. Therefore, simulation can identify potential risks related to the thermal management system under off-road conditions in advance, enabling hardware product optimization in the early design stages and mitigating these risks.

[0068] In one embodiment of the present invention, please refer to Figure 6 , Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the process for calibrating a one-dimensional model according to one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6As shown, a target geometric network model of the whole vehicle is established; Step S610, establish an initial three-dimensional simulation model: after establishing the three-dimensional geometric model of the whole vehicle, it is meshed, and a preset turbulence model and a preset heat exchange module are set to obtain the initial three-dimensional simulation model; Step S620, input operating parameters: set the first boundary conditions of the initial three-dimensional simulation model to obtain the three-dimensional simulation model of the whole vehicle; Step S630, upload to high-performance cloud simulation calculation: upload the three-dimensional simulation model of the whole vehicle to the high-performance cloud for simulation calculation; Step S640, result output and statistics: extract the wind speed distribution data and air temperature distribution data of the windward side of the heat exchanger from the external flow field distribution and temperature distribution of the whole vehicle, so as to obtain the wind speed and air temperature of the air entering the heat exchanger surface; Step S650, one-dimensional Model calibration and boundary parameter setting: After establishing the one-dimensional model, the second boundary conditions and system heat source are set; Step S660, one-dimensional simulation calculation: Transient simulation is performed on the one-dimensional model to obtain thermal management simulation data; Step S670, result output and comparison: The target component temperature, cooling medium temperature of multiple cooling systems, and cooling medium flow rate change trends over time are extracted from the thermal management simulation data and thermal management reproduction data respectively to obtain the corresponding simulation change curves and reproduction change curves, and compared; Step S680, model evaluation, correction, and generalization: The model parameters of the one-dimensional model are adjusted by the maximum error and / or mean absolute error, and the one-dimensional model is generalized and verified using independent road test reproduction data that was not involved in the calibration. The above embodiment can transform the accuracy of the one-dimensional model from an unknown to a rigorously verified known quantity. This not only reduces the uncertainty and risk of thermal management system development, but also enables high-precision simulation to truly replace a large number of prototype vehicle tests in the later stages, thereby achieving the engineering goals of cost reduction, efficiency improvement, and quality enhancement from the source.

[0069] In one embodiment of the present invention, the present invention can shorten the research and development cycle and reduce costs by using a closed loop of road testing, road test reproduction in a laboratory environment chamber, and thermal management simulation.

[0070] Please see Figure 7 , Figure 7 This is a block diagram of a vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration device provided in one embodiment of the present invention. This device can be applied to... Figure 1 The implementation environment shown is specifically configured in computer device 120. This device can also be applied to other exemplary implementation environments and specifically configured in other devices. This embodiment does not limit the implementation environment to which the device is applicable.

[0071] like Figure 7 As shown, a vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration device 700 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a data acquisition module 710, a three-dimensional simulation module 720, a thermal management system modeling module 730, and a simulation calibration module 740.

[0072] Among them, the data acquisition module 710 is used to acquire the road test reproduction data of the vehicle. The road test reproduction data includes thermal management reproduction data under off-road conditions, as well as first boundary data and second boundary data for constraint model simulation. The 3D simulation module 720 is used to establish a 3D simulation model of the whole vehicle based on the first boundary data, and to perform flow field simulation and temperature field simulation on the 3D simulation model of the whole vehicle to obtain the wind speed and wind temperature of the air entering the surface of the heat exchanger in the vehicle. The thermal management system modeling module 730 is used to perform one-dimensional simulation modeling of the vehicle's thermal management system to obtain a one-dimensional model. The simulation calibration module 740 is used to input the second boundary data, wind speed and wind temperature into the one-dimensional model for transient simulation to obtain thermal management simulation data. Based on the data difference between the thermal management simulation data and the thermal management reproduction data, the model parameters of the one-dimensional model are iteratively calibrated until the data difference meets the preset accuracy threshold, thus completing the vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration.

[0073] It should be noted that the vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration device provided in the above embodiments and the vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration method provided in the above embodiments belong to the same concept. The specific operation methods of each module and unit have been described in detail in the method embodiments and will not be repeated here. In practical applications, the vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration device provided in the above embodiments can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. This is not a limitation here.

[0074] Embodiments of the present invention also provide an electronic device, including: one or more processors; and a storage device for storing one or more programs, wherein when the one or more programs are executed by the one or more processors, the electronic device enables the vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration method provided in the above embodiments.

[0075] Please see Figure 8 , Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a computer system for an electronic device provided in one embodiment of the present invention. Figure 8 The computer system 800 of the electronic device shown is merely an example and should not impose any limitation on the functionality and scope of use of the embodiments of the present invention.

[0076] like Figure 8As shown, the computer system 800 includes a central processing unit 801, which can perform various appropriate actions and processes according to a program stored in a read-only memory 802 or a program loaded from a storage section 808 into a random access memory 803, such as performing the methods described in the above embodiments. The random access memory 803 also stores various programs and data required for system operation. The central processing unit 801, the read-only memory 802, and the random access memory 803 are interconnected via a bus 804. An input / output interface 805 is also connected to the bus 804.

[0077] The following components are connected to the input / output interface 805: an input section 806 including a keyboard, mouse, etc.; an output section 807 including a cathode ray tube (CRT), liquid crystal display (LCD), etc., and speakers, etc.; a storage section 808 including a hard disk, etc.; and a communication section 809 including a network interface card such as a LAN (Local Area Network) card, modem, etc. The communication section 809 performs communication processing via a network such as the Internet. A drive 810 is also connected to the input / output interface 805 as needed. A removable medium 811, such as a disk, optical disk, magneto-optical disk, semiconductor memory, etc., is installed on the drive 810 as needed so that computer programs read from it can be installed into the storage section 808 as needed.

[0078] In particular, according to embodiments of the present invention, the processes described above with reference to the flowcharts can be implemented as computer software programs. For example, embodiments of the present invention include a computer program product comprising a computer program carried on a computer-readable medium, the computer program containing a computer program for performing the methods shown in the flowcharts. In such embodiments, the computer program can be downloaded and installed from a network via communication section 809, and / or installed from removable medium 811. When the computer program is executed by central processing unit 801, it performs various functions defined in the system of the present invention.

[0079] The computer-readable medium shown in the embodiments of the present invention can be a computer-readable signal medium, a computer-readable storage medium, or any combination thereof. A computer-readable storage medium can be, for example, an electrical, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any combination thereof. More specific examples of a computer-readable storage medium may include, but are not limited to: an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory, a read-only memory, an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination thereof. In the present invention, a computer-readable signal medium may include a data signal propagated in baseband or as part of a carrier wave, carrying a computer-readable computer program. Such propagated data signals may take various forms, including but not limited to electromagnetic signals, optical signals, or any suitable combination thereof. A computer-readable signal medium may also be any computer-readable medium other than a computer-readable storage medium, which can send, propagate, or transmit a program for use by or in conjunction with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. Computer programs contained on computer-readable media can be transmitted using any suitable medium, including but not limited to wireless, wired, etc., or any suitable combination thereof.

[0080] The flowcharts and block diagrams in the accompanying drawings illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. Each block in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of code containing one or more executable instructions for implementing a specified logical function. It should also be noted that in some alternative implementations, the functions indicated in the blocks may occur in a different order than those indicated in the drawings. For example, two consecutively indicated blocks may actually be executed substantially in parallel, and they may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It should also be noted that each block in a block diagram or flowchart, and combinations of blocks in a block diagram or flowchart, may be implemented using a dedicated hardware-based system that performs the specified function or operation, or using a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0081] The units described in the embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in software or hardware, and the described units can also be located in a processor. The names of these units do not necessarily limit the specific unit itself. Therefore, the technical solutions according to the embodiments of the present invention can be embodied in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a non-volatile storage medium (such as a CD-ROM, USB flash drive, portable hard drive, etc.) or on a network, including several instructions to cause a computing device (such as a personal computer, server, touch terminal, or network device, etc.) to execute the method according to the embodiments of the present invention.

[0082] Another aspect of the present invention provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program thereon, which, when executed by a computer's processor, causes the computer to perform the vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration method provided in the above embodiments. This computer-readable storage medium may be included in the electronic device described in the above embodiments, or it may exist independently and not assembled into the electronic device.

[0083] In the above embodiments, unless otherwise specified, the use of ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" to describe common objects only indicates that they refer to different instances of the same object, rather than indicating that the objects being described must be in a given order, whether temporally, spatially, sequentially, or in any other way.

[0084] The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and effects of the present invention and are not intended to limit the invention. Any person skilled in the art can modify or alter the above embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, all equivalent modifications or alterations made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and technical concept disclosed in the present invention should still be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A simulation calibration method for off-road thermal management of vehicles, characterized in that, The method includes: Obtain road test reproduction data of the vehicle, including thermal management reproduction data under off-road conditions, as well as first boundary data and second boundary data for constraint model simulation; A three-dimensional simulation model of the whole vehicle is established based on the first boundary data, and flow field simulation and temperature field simulation are performed on the three-dimensional simulation model of the whole vehicle to obtain the wind speed and wind temperature of the air entering the surface of the heat exchanger in the vehicle. A one-dimensional simulation model of the vehicle's thermal management system was performed to obtain a one-dimensional model. The second boundary data, the wind speed, and the wind temperature are input into the one-dimensional model for transient simulation to obtain thermal management simulation data. Based on the data gap between the thermal management simulation data and the thermal management reproduction data, the model parameters of the one-dimensional model are iteratively calibrated until the data gap meets the preset accuracy threshold, thus completing the vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration.

2. The vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, A three-dimensional simulation model of the whole vehicle is established based on the first boundary data, including: A three-dimensional geometric model of the vehicle is established, and the three-dimensional geometric model of the vehicle is meshed. The preset turbulence model and preset heat exchange model are set within the meshed three-dimensional geometric model of the vehicle to obtain the initial three-dimensional simulation model. The first boundary conditions of the initial three-dimensional simulation model are set based on the first boundary data to obtain the three-dimensional simulation model of the whole vehicle.

3. The vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration method according to claim 2, characterized in that, Setting the first boundary conditions of the initial three-dimensional simulation model based on the first boundary data includes: Set the inlet boundary conditions of the initial three-dimensional simulation model, wherein the inlet boundary includes the incoming wind speed, ambient temperature and air pressure; The rotational speed of the cooling fan is determined as the rotational boundary condition of the initial three-dimensional simulation model; The thermal boundary conditions of the initial three-dimensional simulation model are set, and the thermal boundary conditions include the individual heat generation and / or exhaust temperature of the corresponding components in the thermal management system. The first boundary condition includes the inlet boundary condition, the rotation boundary condition, and the thermal boundary condition. The first boundary data includes the incoming air velocity, the ambient temperature, the air pressure, and the cooling fan speed. The heat generation of a single unit is obtained based on the target power load time series data of the corresponding component in the first boundary data.

4. The vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second boundary data, the wind speed, and the wind temperature are input into the one-dimensional model for transient simulation to obtain thermal management simulation data, including: The second boundary conditions of the one-dimensional model are set according to the wind speed, the wind temperature, and the ambient temperature in the second boundary data. The system heat source is determined based on the target power load time series data in the second boundary data, and is input into the one-dimensional model for transient simulation to obtain thermal management simulation data. The target power load time series data includes engine power load time series data and / or motor power load time series data. The system heat source includes the heat generation of the corresponding component in the thermal management system. The determination of the motor power load time series data includes: determining the corresponding wheel end demand power based on the gliding resistance corresponding to different road spectra in the road test reproduction data; obtaining the speed and torque of each motor in the motor power load time series data based on the wheel end demand power and the preset power distribution ratio of multiple motors, so as to determine the individual heat generation of each motor under different road spectra, wherein the road spectra include vehicle speed and gradient.

5. The vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Based on the data gap between the thermal management simulation data and the thermal management reproduction data, the model parameters of the one-dimensional model are iteratively calibrated, including: The simulation change curve of the thermal management simulation data is compared with the corresponding reproduction change curve of the thermal management reproduction data to obtain the evaluation index, which includes the maximum error and / or the average absolute error. Error analysis was performed on the evaluation indicators to identify the sources of error; The model parameters in the one-dimensional model are adjusted according to the source of error in order to iteratively calibrate the model parameters of the one-dimensional model.

6. The vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration method according to claim 5, characterized in that, Comparing the simulated change curves of the thermal management simulation data with the corresponding reproduced change curves of the thermal management reproduction data includes: The target component temperature, cooling medium temperature of multiple cooling systems, and cooling medium flow rate over time are extracted from the thermal management simulation data and the thermal management reproduction data to obtain the corresponding simulation change curves and reproduction change curves. The simulated change curve is compared with the corresponding reproduced change curve.

7. The vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration method according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The determination of the road test reproduction data includes: Extract the vehicle road load spectrum from the actual vehicle road test data. The vehicle road load spectrum includes time speed data, time gradient data, and target control data. The target control data includes time torque data and / or time power data. The vehicle road load spectrum is mapped to the equipment control commands corresponding to the rotary drum and chassis dynamometer in the experimental environment chamber. The experimental environment chamber was then reproduced. The vehicle is fixed on a rotating drum that can simulate the slope, and the load of the vehicle on the road test is reproduced according to the equipment control instructions to obtain the road test reproduction data.

8. A vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration device, characterized in that, The device includes: The data acquisition module is used to acquire road test reproduction data of the vehicle, including thermal management reproduction data under off-road conditions, as well as first boundary data and second boundary data for constraint model simulation. The three-dimensional simulation module is used to establish a three-dimensional simulation model of the whole vehicle based on the first boundary data, and to perform flow field simulation and temperature field simulation on the three-dimensional simulation model of the whole vehicle to obtain the wind speed and wind temperature of the air entering the surface of the heat exchanger in the vehicle. The thermal management system modeling module is used to perform one-dimensional simulation modeling of the vehicle's thermal management system to obtain a one-dimensional model. The simulation calibration module is used to input the second boundary data, the wind speed, and the wind temperature into the one-dimensional model for transient simulation to obtain thermal management simulation data. Based on the data gap between the thermal management simulation data and the thermal management reproduction data, the module iteratively calibrates the model parameters of the one-dimensional model until the data gap meets a preset accuracy threshold, thereby completing the vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, The electronic device includes: One or more processors; A storage device for storing one or more programs, which, when executed by one or more processors, cause the electronic device to implement the vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that, It stores a computer program, which, when executed by the computer's processor, causes the computer to perform the vehicle off-road thermal management simulation calibration method as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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