Comprehensive cultivation method for preventing and treating diseases and insect pests of fructus forsythiae

Abstract

The invention discloses a comprehensive cultivation method for preventing and controlling diseases and insect pests of forsythia suspensa, and relates to the technical field of forsythia suspensa planting, and the method comprises the following steps: S1, selecting a land parcel meeting the growth requirements of forsythia suspensa, and completing deep ploughing, fertilization, furrowing and necessary soil disinfection; qualified cutting slips are selected, treated and then subjected to cuttage, and seedlings are cultivated through seedling management; seedlings obtained by seedling raising are transplanted and planted according to specified density in a proper period; performing water and fertilizer management and pruning management to maintain the robust growth state of plants; s2, preparing a composite immune resistance inducer; s3, spraying an immune resistance inducer in a programmed manner; s4, synergistically implementing physical prevention and control and biological prevention and control measures; according to the cultivation method, through scientific site selection and standardized basic cultivation, and programmed spraying of the complex immune resistance inducer in a specific ratio in a key phenological period, the pain points of pathogenic bacteria accumulation, easy waterlogging in summer and the like of continuous cropping plots can be solved in a targeted manner, the stress resistance of forsythia suspensa is effectively improved, leaf diseases and chewing pests are effectively prevented, and the yield is increased.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of forsythia suspensa planting, and particularly relates to a comprehensive cultivation method for preventing and treating forsythia suspensa diseases and pests. BACKGROUND

[0002] As a traditional medicinal plant recorded in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, forsythia suspensa has significant effects of clearing heat and resolving toxins, broad-spectrum antibacterial and antiviral effects, and the core effective components such as forsythiaside and forsythoside A in the fruit of forsythia suspensa are widely used in the medical field of influenza prevention and treatment, inflammation treatment, and the like, and have important economic value and ecological benefits. In recent years, with the growth of market demand, the artificial planting scale of forsythia suspensa is continuously expanded, but the problem of frequent diseases and pests in the process of large-scale planting is increasingly prominent. Leaf diseases such as leaf spot and powdery mildew cause leaf early senescence and shedding, and significantly reduce photosynthetic efficiency; chewing type pests such as geometer and cabbage worm directly eat leaves and young fruits, not only causing yield reduction, but also easily causing secondary infection of pathogenic bacteria, and long-term continuous cropping leads to soil micro-ecological imbalance, further aggravating the outbreak risk of diseases and pests, and seriously restricting the yield and medicinal quality improvement of forsythia suspensa.

[0003] Traditional prevention and treatment still mainly uses chemical pesticides such as carbendazim and lambda-cyhalothrin, and long-term abuse not only leads to the increase of drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria and pests, but also causes pesticide residue to exceed the standard, directly affects the safety of forsythia suspensa for medicinal use, and pollutes the soil and water environment, and destroys the ecological balance of the planting area. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to provide a comprehensive cultivation method for preventing and treating forsythia suspensa diseases and pests, so as to solve the problem that the cultivation and prevention means in the prior art still mainly uses chemical pesticides such as carbendazim and lambda-cyhalothrin, and long-term abuse not only leads to the increase of drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria and pests, but also causes pesticide residue to exceed the standard.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme: a comprehensive cultivation method for preventing and treating forsythia suspensa diseases and pests, comprising the following steps:

[0006] S1, basic cultivation, constructing a forsythia suspensa healthy growth system, site selection and land preparation, selecting a land piece meeting the growth needs of forsythia suspensa and completing deep ploughing, fertilization, ridge making and necessary soil disinfection; cutting seedling, selecting qualified cuttings after treatment, and cultivating seedlings through seedling period management; planting, transplanting and planting the seedlings obtained by seedling in a specified density at a suitable period; field management, performing water and fertilizer management and pruning management, and maintaining a healthy growth state of the plants;

[0007] S2, preparing a composite immune antistress agent, the composite immune antistress agent is uniformly mixed by 0.5 mmol / L benzothiadiazole (BTH), 1.0% trehalose solution, 50 μmol / L methyl jasmonate and 0.1% zinc sulfate;

[0008] S3, programmatic spray immunization inducers, at the three key phenological periods of forsythia germination, leaf expansion and fruit setting after flowering, the plant is sprayed once on the leaf surface, ensuring that the pesticide uniformly covers the front and back of the leaf, the young bud and the young fruit;

[0009] S4, auxiliary prevention and control, and physical and biological control measures are implemented in coordination.

[0010] Further, the site selection criteria in S1 are: an altitude of 200-1500m, an average annual temperature of 8-15℃, a soil pH value of 6.0-7.5, an organic matter content of ≥1.0%, far away from industrial pollution sources and good drainage.

[0011] Further, the soil preparation operation in S1 includes: deep plowing 30-40cm in autumn, applying 30000-45000kg of mature organic fertilizer per hectare, combined with 750-1050kg of superphosphoric acid calcium and 300-450kg of potassium chloride; make south-north direction ridges, ridge width 1.2-1.5m, ridge height 20-30cm, and soil disinfection is required for continuous cropping land.

[0012] Further, the cutting seedling in S1 includes: selecting 2-year-old healthy and disease-free branches to make 15-20cm cuttings, treating the base with 500mg / L naphthalene acetic acid solution, and keeping the substrate humidity at 60%-70% and the air temperature at 15-25℃ during seedling stage.

[0013] Further, the planting density in S1 is 2.5-3.0m in row spacing and 2.0-2.5m in plant spacing, the planting hole specification is 60cm×60cm×50cm, and the seedlings are transplanted with soil ball after applying base fertilizer, and then irrigated with root-fixing water and covered with straw for moisture retention.

[0014] Further, the water and fertilizer management in S1 includes: watering when the soil water content is lower than 60% of the field water holding capacity, applying fertilizer 3 times a year during the young tree stage, and applying fertilizer 4 times a year during the fruiting stage;

[0015] The pruning management includes: leaving 80-100cm dry after planting, removing weak branches in winter, and shortening fruiting branches in summer.

[0016] Further, the spraying conditions in S3 include: spraying on cloudy days or in the evening, using 300-450L per hectare, with an interval of 25-30 days between three sprays, and spraying within 4 hours after spraying.

[0017] Further, the auxiliary prevention and control in S4 includes: setting up 30-45 pieces of frequency vibration type insecticidal lamp per hectare, hanging yellow plate and covering insect-proof net as needed; releasing trichogramma, spraying bacillus subtilis or matrine water.

[0018] Compared with existing technologies, this invention provides an integrated cultivation method for preventing and controlling diseases and pests of Forsythia. It constructs a robust plant growth system through scientific site selection and standardized basic cultivation, and combines it with a specific ratio of compound immune inducers for programmed spraying during key phenological periods. This synergistic approach of physical and biological control forms a three-dimensional prevention and control network, suitable for a wide range of planting environments with altitudes of 200-1500m, average annual temperatures of 8-15℃, and soil pH of 6.0-7.5. It can specifically address the pain points of pathogen accumulation and summer waterlogging in continuously cropped fields, effectively enhance the stress resistance of Forsythia, effectively prevent leaf diseases and chewing pests, and increase yield. Attached Figure Description

[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments recorded in this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0020] Fig. 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure provided for an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0021] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] As attached Fig. 1 As shown:

[0023] This invention provides an integrated cultivation method for preventing and controlling diseases and pests of Forsythia, comprising the following steps:

[0024] S1. Basic cultivation: Construct a robust growth system for Forsythia suspensa. Site selection and land preparation: Select a plot of land that meets the growth requirements of Forsythia suspensa and complete deep plowing, fertilization, ridge making, and necessary soil disinfection.

[0025] The site selection criteria are: altitude 200-1500m, average annual temperature 8-15℃, soil pH 6.0-7.5, organic matter content ≥1.0%, far away from industrial pollution sources and with good drainage;

[0026] Land preparation includes: deep plowing to a depth of 30-40cm in autumn, applying 30,000-45,000 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer per hectare, along with 750-1050 kg of superphosphate and 300-450 kg of potassium chloride; making north-south oriented ridges, with a ridge width of 1.2-1.5m and a ridge height of 20-30cm; soil disinfection is required for continuously cropped plots.

[0027] Propagation by cuttings involves selecting qualified cuttings, treating them, and then inserting them into the soil. Seedlings are cultivated through seedling management. The propagation by cuttings includes: selecting healthy, disease-free 2-year-old branches to make 15-20cm cuttings, treating the base with a 500mg / L naphthaleneacetic acid solution before inserting them into the soil, and maintaining a substrate humidity of 60%-70% and an air temperature of 15-25℃ during the seedling stage.

[0028] Transplanting: At the appropriate time, transplant the seedlings obtained from the seedling cultivation at the prescribed density. The planting density is 2.5-3.0m row spacing and 2.0-2.5m plant spacing. The planting pit is 60cm×60cm×50cm in size. After applying base fertilizer, transplant with a soil ball, water thoroughly to settle the roots, and cover with straw to retain moisture.

[0029] Field management includes water and fertilizer management and pruning management to maintain the healthy growth of the plants. Water and fertilizer management includes watering when the soil moisture content is lower than 60% of the field capacity, applying fertilizer 3 times a year during the young tree stage and 4 times a year during the fruiting stage. Pruning management includes leaving 80-100cm of trunk after planting, removing diseased and weak branches and shortening fruiting branches in winter, and removing buds and thinning shoots in summer.

[0030] S2. Preparation of a composite immune inducer, wherein the composite immune inducer is prepared by uniformly mixing 0.5 mmol / L benzothiadiazole (BTH), 1.0% trehalose solution, 50 μmol / L methyl jasmonate and 0.1% zinc sulfate;

[0031] S3. Apply the immune inducer in a programmed manner. Spray the leaves once during the three key phenological stages of Forsythia: bud break, leaf expansion, and post-flowering fruit setting. Ensure that the agent evenly covers both sides of the leaves, young buds, and young fruits. Spraying conditions: spray on cloudy days or in the evening. The dosage is 300-450L per hectare. The interval between the three sprays is 25-30 days. If it rains within 4 hours after spraying, re-spray.

[0032] S4. Assisted control measures, and coordinated implementation of physical and biological control measures; assisted control measures include: setting up 30-45 frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps per hectare, hanging yellow sticky traps and covering them with insect-proof nets as needed; releasing Trichogramma wasps, and spraying Bacillus subtilis or matrine aqueous solution.

[0033] Example 1:

[0034] Implementation Location: Yinjiazhuang Comprehensive Experimental Base, Qinzhou District, Tianshui City: The experimental site is located in the secondary river beach area, at an altitude of 1220 meters. It has a continental humid and semi-humid climate with an average annual rainfall of 531 mm, an average annual temperature of 10.7℃, and a frost-free period of about 170-230 days. The soil is yellow loam sedimentary soil.

[0035] Soil conditions: Yellow loam silt, pH 6.8, organic matter content 1.2%, soil bulk density 1.2 g / cm³, groundwater level 1.3 m, far from industrial pollution sources (8 km away), non-continuous cropping plot;

[0036] Cultivated variety: High-quality Forsythia suspensa "Jinqiao H6".

[0037] 1. Site selection and land preparation (late September 2019)

[0038] Deep tillage: Use a tracked deep tillage machine to till to a depth of 35cm to remove stones, weed roots and stems (such as bermudagrass and dandelion) from the plot.

[0039] Base fertilizer application: Apply 38,000 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer (cow manure: sheep manure = 3:1, decomposition period of 7 months, organic matter content ≥45%) per hectare, along with 900 kg of superphosphate (agricultural grade, purity 98.5%) and 375 kg of potassium chloride (agricultural grade, K2O ≥60%). After spreading evenly, till the soil 22 cm with a rotary tiller to ensure that the fertilizer and soil are evenly mixed.

[0040] Making beds: Use a bed-making machine to make north-south oriented beds, with a bed width of 1.4m, a bed height of 25cm, a bed spacing of 35cm, a bed furrow width of 20cm, and a bed furrow slope of 4° (to facilitate drainage during the rainy season).

[0041] Soil disinfection: Since the land is not continuously cropped, there is no need to spray carbendazim; only sun exposure is used for disinfection (exposed for 15 days after land preparation).

[0042] 2. Propagation by cuttings (late October 2019)

[0043] Cutting selection: Select healthy, disease-free 2-year-old "Jinqiao H6" branches with a diameter of 1.0cm and a length of 18cm. Retain 3 plump buds, remove the lower 2 / 3 of the leaves, cut the base at a 45° angle (smooth cut surface), and cut the upper part horizontally (1.5cm away from the terminal bud).

[0044] Cutting treatment: Immerse the base of the cuttings in a 500 mg / L naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA, 98% purity) solution for 12 minutes, then remove and air dry the surface moisture in a cool, ventilated place (about 30 minutes).

[0045] Preparation of cutting substrate: The bottom layer of the seedbed is covered with 10cm thick river sand (particle size 0.5-1.0mm), and the top layer is covered with 20cm thick seedling substrate (garden soil: leaf mold: river sand = 2:1:1, pH value 6.5, organic matter content 1.5%). The substrate is sprayed with 800 times diluted 50% carbendazim wettable powder for disinfection in advance and then dried for 3 days.

[0046] Cuttings: Make holes with a cutting tool at a row spacing of 22cm and a plant spacing of 12cm, insert the cuttings (to a depth of 10cm, i.e., 5 / 9 of the cutting length), compact the substrate, and then water thoroughly with a sprinkler system (the substrate moisture content should reach 70%).

[0047] Seedling management: Cover with white plastic film (0.08mm thick) + 50% shade netting, and build an arched greenhouse (80cm high); control the temperature and humidity inside the greenhouse to maintain substrate humidity at 60%-70% and air temperature at 15-25℃ (cover with insulation blankets when the temperature is below 10℃, and ventilate to cool down when the temperature is above 30℃).

[0048] Topdressing during the seedling stage: Remove the mulch film 35 days after cuttings emerge (germination rate 92%); when the seedlings are 10cm tall (mid-March 2020), apply 150kg of urea per hectare diluted in 3000L of water; when the seedlings are 20cm tall (late April 2020), apply 225kg of compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) per hectare diluted in 3750L of water, avoiding direct contact between fertilizer and roots.

[0049] 3. Transplanting (mid-March 2020, 7 days before sprouting)

[0050] Planting pit excavation: Lay out lines with a row spacing of 2.8m and a plant spacing of 2.2m, and use an excavator to dig planting pits of 60cm×60cm×50cm. Lay a 10cm thick layer of decomposed corn stalks (5cm shredded length) at the bottom of the pit. Apply 8kg of decomposed organic fertilizer + 0.25kg of superphosphate to each pit and mix it evenly with the bottom soil (mixing depth 20cm).

[0051] Seedling selection: Select robust seedlings with a height of 60cm and a ground diameter of 0.8cm or more, and transplant them with a soil ball (the soil ball diameter should be 18cm, and it should be wrapped with non-woven fabric to prevent the soil ball from falling apart).

[0052] Planting procedure: Plant after 15:00 on a cloudy day, keeping the seedling roots spread out, with the grafting point 5cm above the ground. Backfill the soil in layers and tamp it down (compact each 10cm layer once). After planting, water each seedling with 18L of water (use drip irrigation to avoid washing away the seedlings).

[0053] Moisture retention treatment: After transplanting, cover with 10cm thick wheat straw (covering an area of ​​50cm around the transplanting pit). Compact the wheat straw to prevent it from being blown away by the wind, which can reduce soil moisture evaporation.

[0054] 4. Field Management (2020-2023)

[0055] Water and fertilizer management:

[0056] Irrigation: A drip irrigation system is used, and soil moisture content is monitored using a tensiometer (irrigate when it is below 60% of field capacity); key irrigation times: March 12, 2021 (budding stage), April 8 (flowering stage), May 28 (fruit enlargement stage), and November 25 (before freezing), with 300 m³ of water per hectare each time; during the rainy season (July-August), timely clearing of furrows is necessary to ensure no waterlogging;

[0057] Topdressing: Young tree stage (2020-2021): Apply 0.15 kg of urea per tree on March 10, 2020 (before budding); apply 0.25 kg of compound fertilizer (15:15:15) per tree on April 25, 2020 (after leaf expansion); apply 2.5 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer per tree on October 20, 2020 (after leaf fall). The topdressing time in 2021 is the same as before, but the amount is increased by 20%.

[0058] During the fruiting period (2022-2023): On March 8, 2022 (before budding), apply 0.25 kg of urea per tree; on April 5 (before flowering), apply 0.35 kg of superphosphate + 0.15 kg of potassium chloride per tree; on May 10 (after flowering and fruit setting), apply 0.35 kg of compound fertilizer (10:15:15) per tree; and on June 15 (fruit enlargement period), apply 0.2 kg of potassium chloride + 0.05 kg of borax per tree. All top dressings should be applied by digging a 10 cm deep circular trench at the drip line of the tree canopy, covering the soil, and watering.

[0059] Pruning Management:

[0060] Pruning: After planting in 2020, prune the trunk to 90cm and retain 3 plump buds (evenly distributed at an azimuth angle of 120°) below the cut.

[0061] Winter pruning: On December 5, 2020 and December 8, 2021, remove diseased and weak branches and crossing branches with a diameter of <0.5cm, shorten excessively long fruiting branches (retaining 2 buds at the base), and use branch pulling ropes to adjust the opening angle of the main branches to 50°.

[0062] Summer pruning: On June 20, 2021 and June 18, 2022, remove the buds sprouting at the base of the main stem (below 50cm from the ground), thin out overly dense new shoots, and leave branches with a spacing of 18cm to avoid dense foliage.

[0063] S2: Preparation of composite immune inducers

[0064] Raw material selection: benzothiadiazole (BTH, purity 98%), trehalose (food grade, purity 99%), methyl jasmonate (purity 95%), zinc sulfate (agricultural grade, Zn≥21%).

[0065] Preparation steps: Take 100L of deionized water, add an appropriate amount of BTH, and stir for 15 minutes until completely dissolved; add 1.0kg of trehalose, and continue stirring for 10 minutes until dissolved to form a homogeneous solution; add an appropriate amount of methyl jasmonate, slowly add and stir for 5 minutes (to avoid volatilization); add 0.1kg of zinc sulfate, and stir for 8 minutes until completely dissolved;

[0066] Make up to 100L with deionized water, adjust the pH to 6.5, let stand for 30 minutes, then filter (filter mesh size 0.45μm). Prepare and use immediately (store for no more than 24 hours).

[0067] S3: Programmed application of immune inducers

[0068] Spraying time:

[0069] First time: March 15, 2022 (germination stage, bud length 0.5cm);

[0070] Second time: April 18, 2022 (leaf unfolding stage, leaf unfolding rate 80%).

[0071] Third time: May 22, 2022 (post-flowering fruit setting period, fruit diameter 0.3cm);

[0072] Repeat spraying during the synchronized phenological period in 2023;

[0073] Spraying conditions: Cloudy day, 9:00-11:00, air temperature 18℃, relative humidity 65%, wind speed ≤2m / s;

[0074] Spraying tool: backpack electric sprayer (nozzle orifice diameter 0.3mm, working pressure 0.3MPa);

[0075] Spraying procedure: Use 375L per hectare, evenly covering both sides of the leaves, young buds and young fruits (forming a liquid film without dripping); if light rain (rainfall <5mm) occurs 3 hours after spraying, re-spray the next day (re-spraying amount 187.5L / hectare).

[0076] S4: Assisted Prevention and Control (2022-2023)

[0077] Physical prevention and control:

[0078] Frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps: installed on March 20, 2022, 36 lamps per hectare (55m spacing), wavelength 375nm, power 25W, turned on from 19:00 to 5:00 the next day, and insect carcasses are cleaned every 7 days;

[0079] Yellow sticky traps: hung on April 10, 2022, one trap every 12m (20cm×30cm, 0.15cm thick insect glue), 20cm higher than the top of the plant, and replaced every 20 days;

[0080] Insect-proof netting: Cover with 50-mesh nylon netting on June 5, 2022 (pressed firmly around the edges), and remove in late August;

[0081] Biological control:

[0082] Trichogramma wasp release: The first release was on April 20, 2022 (during the flowering period), with 60,000 wasps per hectare. Subsequent releases were made twice at 7-day intervals (50,000 wasps each time), with release points evenly distributed (one release point per 500m²).

[0083] Disease control: At the initial stage of leaf spot disease (May 8, 2022), spray with 1000 times diluted Bacillus subtilis (effective viable count ≥20 billion CFU / g) once every 11 days for 3 consecutive times;

[0084] Pest control: During the inchworm larval stage (June 10, 2022), spray with 5% matrine aqueous solution diluted 900 times, once every 10 days, for 2 consecutive times.

[0085] Example 2:

[0086] Implementation location: Qinling Forsythia Demonstration Base, Qinzhou District: Altitude 1700 meters, temperate continental climate, average annual rainfall 695.7 mm, average annual temperature 9.7℃, frost-free period of about 150 days, soil type is loess soil, soil fertility is moderate.

[0087] Climate characteristics: Temperate monsoon climate, with rain and heat occurring simultaneously. Summer rainfall is concentrated (60% of the annual rainfall is from June to August), making it prone to flooding. Spring and autumn are often dry, and winters are mild without severe cold.

[0088] Soil conditions: loam, pH 6.3, organic matter content 1.4%, soil bulk density 1.15 g / cm³, groundwater level 1.1 m, plots that have been continuously cropped for 3 years (the soil has a high residual amount of Fusarium and aphid eggs, and the pathogen base is 2.3 times that of new plots).

[0089] Cultivated variety: High-quality Forsythia suspensa "Lushi No. 3" (verified through regional trials that it has strong waterlogging resistance, well-developed root system, and superior resistance to common leaf spot disease and inchworm in the Central Plains region compared to ordinary varieties).

[0090] S1: Basic cultivation (focusing on flood prevention and disease resistance, building a robust growth system)

[0091] 1. Site selection and land preparation (mid-September 2019)

[0092] Deep tillage operation: Use a tracked deep tillage machine (35kW power) to till to a depth of 38cm, break up the plow pan, and manually remove the roots and stems of weeds such as crabgrass and purslane, as well as the residual roots of the previous crop of forsythia, to avoid the parasitic infection of pathogens;

[0093] Base fertilizer application: Apply 42,000 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer (chicken manure: sheep manure = 2:1, decomposition period of 8 months, high-temperature composting treatment, organic matter content ≥48%, and roundworm egg mortality rate of 100%) per hectare, along with 825 kg of superphosphate (agricultural grade, purity 98%) and 330 kg of potassium chloride (agricultural grade, K2O ≥60%). After spreading evenly, use a rotary tiller (speed 280 r / min) to till 24 cm to ensure that the fertilizer and soil are evenly mixed and there is no obvious fertilizer clumping.

[0094] Bed preparation specifications: Use a bed-making machine to make north-south oriented beds, with a bed width of 1.3m, a bed height of 28cm (3-5cm higher than ordinary plots to enhance flood prevention), a bed spacing of 38cm, a bed ditch width of 25cm, a bed ditch slope of 5°, and manually trim the bed surface into a slightly arched shape with a higher center and lower sides (to facilitate drainage).

[0095] Soil disinfection: For plots that have been continuously cropped for 3 years, spray 300L of 50% carbendazim wettable powder at a dilution of 500 times per hectare (precisely control the dosage of the agent to avoid excessive residue). After spraying, cover with 0.08mm thick polyethylene film, and seal the perimeter with soil for 7 days. After removing the film, ventilate for 5 days, and till the soil once during this period (to a depth of 10cm) to reduce the initial number of soil pathogens.

[0096] 2. Propagation by cuttings (early November 2019)

[0097] Selection of cuttings: Select healthy, disease-free branches of 2-year-old "Lushi No. 3" with a diameter of 0.9cm and a length of 17cm. Retain 2 plump buds (bud diameter ≥0.3cm), remove all lower leaves, cut the base at a 45° angle (smooth cut surface to avoid tearing), and cut the upper part horizontally (1.2cm away from the terminal bud to prevent the terminal bud from losing water).

[0098] Cutting treatment: Immerse the base of the cuttings in a 500 mg / L naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA, 98% purity) solution for 14 minutes and 5 cm in depth. After removing them, air dry the surface moisture in a cool, ventilated place (temperature 18-22℃, humidity 60%) for 35 minutes, avoiding direct sunlight.

[0099] Preparation of cutting substrate: A 10cm layer of river sand (0.3-0.8mm particle size, rinsed 3 times with clean water to remove impurities) is laid at the bottom of the seedbed. A 20cm layer of seedling substrate (garden soil: leaf mold: perlite = 2:1:0.5, pH 6.2, organic matter content 1.6%) is then laid on top. The substrate is disinfected beforehand by spraying with a 700-fold dilution of 50% carbendazim wettable powder, stirring continuously while spraying, and then allowed to dry for 4 days until the substrate moisture content reaches 50%.

[0100] Cuttings: Using a 1.0cm diameter cutting tool, make holes with a row spacing of 23cm and a plant spacing of 13cm. Insert the cuttings to a depth of 9cm (53% of the cutting length). After insertion, press the substrate firmly with your fingers to ensure close contact between the cuttings and the substrate. Then, use a sprinkler system (0.2mm nozzle diameter) to water thoroughly until the substrate moisture content reaches 70%.

[0101] Seedling management: Cover with white plastic film (0.08mm thick) + 50% shade netting, build an 85cm high arched greenhouse, and hang thermometers and hygrometers inside; regulate the substrate moisture through the ventilation openings to maintain 60%-70% (spray water when it is below 60%, increase ventilation when it is above 70%) and air temperature of 15-25℃ (cover with insulation blankets when the night temperature is below 10℃, and open the ventilation openings at both ends to cool down when the day temperature is above 30℃).

[0102] Topdressing during the seedling stage: Seedlings emerge 36 days after cutting (germination rate 91%), remove the mulch film; when the seedlings are 10cm tall (early March 2020), apply 150kg of urea per hectare diluted in 3200L of water, avoiding direct contact between the fertilizer and the roots; when the seedlings are 20cm tall (late April 2020), apply 225kg of compound fertilizer (N:P:K=15:15:15) per hectare diluted in 3800L of water, and water 5L / m² after topdressing.

[0103] 3. Transplanting (mid-March 2020, 7 days before sprouting)

[0104] Planting pit excavation: Lay out lines with a row spacing of 2.7m and a plant spacing of 2.1m (1760 plants per hectare). Use an excavator to dig planting pits of 60cm×60cm×52cm. Lay a 10cm thick layer of well-rotted corn stalks (crushed to a length of 4-6cm) at the bottom of the pit. Apply 8kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer + 0.26kg of superphosphate to each pit and mix it evenly with the bottom soil (mixing depth 20cm) to avoid burning the roots with fertilizer.

[0105] Seedling selection: Select robust seedlings with a height of 62cm and a ground diameter of 0.8cm or more, with complete root systems (main root length ≥15cm, fibrous roots ≥15), and transplant them with a soil ball (soil ball diameter 18cm, wrapped with non-woven fabric, and secured with straw rope 2 times to prevent the soil ball from falling apart).

[0106] Planting procedure: Plant on a cloudy day after 3:00 PM. Place the seedling in the center of the pit, keeping the roots spread out. The grafting point should be 5cm above the ground. Backfill the soil in layers (10cm each) and tamp it down. After backfilling to the level of the ground surface, use a drip irrigation system to water each seedling with 17L of water to ensure that the water penetrates to the root distribution layer.

[0107] Moisturizing and preventing waterlogging: After transplanting, cover the area within 60cm of the planting pit with 10cm thick wheat straw, and press a small amount of soil on the straw to prevent it from being blown away by the wind. At the same time, dig shallow drainage ditches with a depth of 8cm between the ridges and connect them to the main ridge ditch to enhance drainage capacity during the rainy season.

[0108] 4. Field Management (2020-2023)

[0109] Water and fertilizer management:

[0110] Watering: A drip irrigation system is used, and a soil tensiometer is installed to monitor the moisture content. Water is applied when the reading is ≥30 kPa (i.e., the soil moisture content is less than 60% of the field capacity). Key watering times: March 15, 2021 (germination period), April 10 (flowering period), and November 26 (before freezing). Each watering should be 310 m³ per hectare. During the rainy season (June-August), the furrows are inspected daily, and silt is cleared in a timely manner to ensure smooth drainage and no water accumulation for more than 24 hours.

[0111] Topdressing: Young tree stage (2020-2021): Apply 0.14 kg of urea per tree on March 12, 2020 (before budding); apply 0.24 kg of compound fertilizer (15:15:15) per tree on April 26, 2020 (after leaf expansion); apply 2.6 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer per tree on October 23, 2020 (after leaf fall). The topdressing time in 2021 is the same as before, but the amount is increased by 20%.

[0112] During the fruiting period (2022-2023): On March 10, 2022 (before budding), apply 0.24 kg of urea per tree; on April 6 (before flowering), apply 0.34 kg of superphosphate and 0.14 kg of potassium chloride per tree; on May 12 (after flowering and fruit setting), apply 0.34 kg of compound fertilizer (10:15:15) per tree; and on June 18 (fruit enlargement period), apply 0.2 kg of potassium chloride and 0.05 kg of borax per tree. All top dressings should be applied by digging a 10 cm deep circular trench at the drip line of the tree canopy, covering the soil and watering to prevent fertilizer volatilization.

[0113] Pruning Management:

[0114] Pruning: After planting in 2020, prune the trunk to 85cm and retain 3 plump buds (evenly distributed at an azimuth angle of 120°) below the cut. Apply a healing agent to the cut to prevent fungal infection.

[0115] Winter pruning: On December 6, 2020 and December 9, 2021, remove diseased, weak, crossing, and drooping branches with a diameter of <0.5cm, shorten excessively long fruiting branches (retaining 2 buds at the base), and use branch pulling ropes to adjust the opening angle of the main branches to 48° to ensure ventilation and light penetration in the canopy;

[0116] Summer pruning: On June 22, 2021 and June 20, 2022, remove buds below 50cm from the base of the main stem and thin out overly dense new shoots (retain 2-3 strong new shoots per branch), leaving a 17cm spacing between branches to avoid dense foliage leading to high humidity and disease.

[0117] S2: Preparation of compound immune inducers (2022-2023, prepared 1 day before each spraying)

[0118] Raw material selection: benzothiadiazole (BTH, purity 98%), trehalose (food grade, purity 99%), methyl jasmonate (purity 95%), zinc sulfate (agricultural grade, Zn≥21%).

[0119] Preparation steps: Take 100L of deionized water (pH 6.5), add an appropriate amount of BTH, and stir with a stirrer (300 rpm) for 15 minutes until completely dissolved; add 1.0 kg of trehalose, and continue stirring for 10 minutes until dissolved, forming a uniform and transparent solution; slowly add an appropriate amount of methyl jasmonate (to avoid evaporation loss), and stir for 5 minutes until well mixed; add 0.1 kg of zinc sulfate, and stir for 8 minutes until completely dissolved, monitoring the solution state during this period, ensuring no precipitate is formed;

[0120] Make up to 100L with deionized water, adjust the pH to 6.4, let stand for 30 minutes, then filter with a 0.45μm filter to remove impurities. Prepare and use immediately (store for no more than 24 hours).

[0121] S3: Programmed application of immune inducers (2022-2023)

[0122] Spraying schedule: First spray: March 18, 2022 (budding stage, bud length 0.5cm, budding rate 30%); Second spray: April 20, 2022 (leaf unfolding stage, leaf unfolding rate 80%, new leaf thickness ≥0.2mm); Third spray: May 24, 2022 (post-flowering fruit setting stage, fruit diameter 0.3cm, fruit setting rate 75%).

[0123] Repeat the spraying in 2023 according to the same phenological period;

[0124] Spraying conditions: Choose a cloudy day from 9:00-11:00 or 16:00-18:00, avoiding the high-temperature period in summer (suspend spraying when the temperature exceeds 32℃); the air temperature should be 22℃, the relative humidity 65%, and the wind speed ≤2m / s during spraying.

[0125] Spraying tool: backpack electric sprayer (power 1.2kW, nozzle orifice diameter 0.3mm, working pressure 0.3MPa), nozzle distance from plant 30cm;

[0126] Spraying procedure: Use 350L per hectare, spray evenly on both sides of the leaves, young buds and young fruits, to form a uniform liquid film without dripping; focus on spraying new leaves and young fruits (areas with high incidence of pests and diseases); if moderate rain (rainfall ≥10mm) occurs within 3 hours after spraying, re-spray the next day, with the amount of re-spraying being 50% of the original amount (175L / hectare).

[0127] S4: Assisted Prevention and Control (2022-2023)

[0128] Physical control: Frequency vibration insecticidal lamps: installed on March 22, 2022, with 33 lamps per hectare (58m spacing), wavelength 375nm, power 25W, with rain cover, turned on from 19:00 to 5:00 the next day, insect carcasses cleaned every 7 days, and the circuit regularly checked to ensure normal operation;

[0129] Yellow sticky traps: hung on April 12, 2022, one trap every 11m (size 20cm×30cm, sticky trap thickness 0.15cm), hanging height 20cm above the top of the plant, and replaced every 20 days (replace earlier when the number of sticky insects reaches 80%).

[0130] Insect-proof netting: On June 8, 2022, 50-mesh nylon insect-proof netting (0.18mm wire diameter, tensile strength ≥30N) was installed, and the surrounding area was compacted with soil and the bottom was fixed with bricks to prevent rainwater from washing away the netting and causing it to shift. The netting was removed in late August (after the peak insect season).

[0131] Trichogramma wasp release: The first release was on April 22, 2022 (early flowering period), with 60,000 wasps per hectare. Subsequent releases were made twice at 7-day intervals (50,000 wasps each time). The release points were evenly distributed (one release point per 400m²). The Trichogramma wasp eggs were attached to the upper and middle branches of the plant (avoiding direct sunlight).

[0132] Disease control: At the initial stage of leaf diseases (May 10, 2022, when the leaf spot disease rate reached 5%), spray with 1000 times diluted Bacillus subtilis (effective viable bacteria count ≥20 billion CFU / g) once every 11 days for 3 consecutive times, focusing on spraying the back of the leaves;

[0133] Pest control: During the inchworm larval stage (June 12, 2022, larvae are 0.8-1.0 cm long), spray with 5% matrine aqueous solution at a dilution of 850 times, once every 10 days for two consecutive times. Choose to spray in the evening (during the active feeding period of larvae) to improve the control effect.

[0134] Example 1 Example 2 Environmental conditions Elevation 1220 m, annual mean temperature 10.7℃, annual precipitation 531 mm Elevation 1700 m, annual mean temperature 9.7℃, annual precipitation 695.7 mm Soil and planting base Yellow soil alluvial soil, non-continuous cropping, no pathogen accumulation Yellow loess soil, continuous cropping for 3 years, pathogen base is 2.3 times that of new land Cultivated varieties Jin Qiao H6 Lu Shi 3 Cultivation measures Deep plowing 35 cm, ridge width 1.4 m x height 25 cm, sunlight disinfection Deep plowing 38 cm, ridge width 1.3 m x height 28 cm (slightly arched), carbendazim + mulching disinfection Planting density About 1590 plants per hectare 1760 plants per hectare Seedling substrate Garden soil: rotten leaf soil: river sand = 2:1:1 Garden soil: rotten leaf soil: perlite = 2:1:0.5 Immune elicitors spraying 375 L per hectare, supplemented with 187.5 L per hectare after light rain 350 L per hectare, supplemented with 175 L per hectare after moderate rain Physical control key parameters Insecticidal lamp 36 per hectare (interval 55 m), yellow plate every 12 m 1 piece Insecticidal lamp 33 per hectare (interval 58 m), yellow plate every 11 m 1 piece Final effect Leaf disease control efficiency 88%, pest control efficiency 83%, pesticide reduction 75%, yield increase 18% Leaf disease control efficiency 86%, pest control efficiency 82%, pesticide reduction 73%, yield increase 16%

[0135] A comparison of Examples 1 and 2 shows that both schemes adapt to different environments through "cultivation optimization + immune induction + integrated prevention and control", achieving efficient pest and disease control, significant reduction in pesticide use and stable yield increase in non-continuous cropping yellow loam and continuous cropping yellow loam, respectively, providing differentiated and feasible solutions for green planting of Forsythia.

[0136] The foregoing has only described certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention by way of illustration. Undoubtedly, those skilled in the art can modify the described embodiments in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. Therefore, the foregoing drawings and descriptions are illustrative in nature and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A comprehensive cultivation method for controlling diseases and pests of Forsythia, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Select a plot of land that meets the growth requirements of Forsythia and complete deep plowing, fertilization, bed preparation and necessary soil disinfection; select qualified cuttings, treat them and then insert them into the soil, and cultivate seedlings through seedling management; transplant the seedlings obtained from seedling cultivation at the appropriate time according to the prescribed density; carry out water and fertilizer management and pruning management to maintain the healthy growth of the plants. S2. Prepare a composite immune inducer, wherein the composite immune inducer is prepared by uniformly mixing 0.5 mmol / L benzothiadiazole, 1.0% trehalose solution, 50 μmol / L methyl jasmonate and 0.1% zinc sulfate; S3. Apply immune inducers in a programmed manner. Spray the leaves once during the three key phenological stages of Forsythia budding, leaf expansion and post-flowering fruit setting to ensure that the agent evenly covers the front and back of the leaves, young buds and young fruits. S4. Implement physical and biological control measures in a coordinated manner.

2. The integrated cultivation method for controlling pests and diseases of Forsythia according to claim 1, characterized in that, The site selection criteria mentioned in S1 are: altitude 200-1500m, average annual temperature 8-15℃, soil pH 6.0-7.5, organic matter content ≥1.0%, far from industrial pollution sources and with good drainage.

3. The integrated cultivation method for controlling pests and diseases of Forsythia according to claim 2, characterized in that, The land preparation operations described in S1 include: deep plowing to a depth of 30-40cm in autumn, applying 30,000-45,000 kg of well-rotted organic fertilizer per hectare, along with 750-1050 kg of superphosphate and 300-450 kg of potassium chloride; making north-south oriented ridges, with a ridge width of 1.2-1.5m and a ridge height of 20-30cm; soil disinfection is required for continuously cropped plots.

4. The integrated cultivation method for controlling pests and diseases of Forsythia according to claim 3, characterized in that, The cutting propagation method described in S1 includes: selecting healthy, disease-free 2-year-old branches to make 15-20cm cuttings, treating the base with 500mg / L naphthaleneacetic acid solution before inserting the cuttings, and maintaining substrate humidity of 60%-70% and air temperature of 15-25℃ during the seedling stage.

5. The integrated cultivation method for controlling pests and diseases of Forsythia according to claim 4, characterized in that, The planting density described in S1 is a row spacing of 2.5-3.0m and a plant spacing of 2.0-2.5m. The planting pit is 60cm×60cm×50cm in size. After applying base fertilizer, transplant the seedlings with a soil ball, water them thoroughly, and cover them with straw to retain moisture.

6. The integrated cultivation method for controlling pests and diseases of Forsythia according to claim 5, characterized in that, The water and fertilizer management described in S1 includes: watering when the soil moisture content is lower than 60% of the field capacity, applying fertilizer 3 times a year during the sapling stage, and applying fertilizer 4 times a year during the fruiting stage. The pruning management includes: leaving a trunk 80-100cm after planting, removing diseased and weak branches and shortening fruiting branches in winter, and removing buds and thinning shoots in summer.

7. The integrated cultivation method for controlling pests and diseases of Forsythia according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spraying conditions described in S3 are: spray on cloudy days or in the evening, use 300-450L per hectare, spray three times at intervals of 25-30 days, and re-spray if it rains within 4 hours after spraying.

8. The integrated cultivation method for controlling pests and diseases of Forsythia according to claim 1, characterized in that, The auxiliary control measures described in S4 include: setting up 30-45 frequency-vibration insecticidal lamps per hectare, hanging yellow sticky traps and covering them with insect-proof nets as needed; releasing Trichogramma wasps; and spraying Bacillus subtilis or matrine aqueous solution.

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