Soilless bionic ricefield eel breeding method and device

Abstract

The invention discloses a soilless bionic ricefield eel breeding method and device.The ricefield eel breeding device is constructed through a box body, a main plate, an auxiliary plate, a spawning bed and an inhabiting nest, soilless bionic breeding of ricefield eels in the breeding period is achieved, meanwhile, improved feed is prepared through traditional Chinese medicine juice, soybean meal leavening, fish meat paste and earthworm paste, and the breeding efficiency is improved. And carrying out adaptive breeding, egg laying, hatching and parent eel recovery. Through the synergistic effect of the specially-made finless eel breeding device and the improved feed, accurate fixed-point oviposition and repeated breeding of male finless eels are achieved, it is guaranteed that in-situ breeding of finless eel fries is not affected, damage and stress reactions are avoided, the breeding efficiency and the survival rate of the fries are remarkably improved, and soilless bionic efficient breeding is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of scientific application technology of fishery aquaculture, specifically relating to a soilless, semi-ecological method and apparatus for breeding yellow eels. Background Technology

[0002] Yellow eel ( Monopterus albus The yellow eel is one of the main farmed fish species in Asia. Its tender flesh and rich nutrition make it popular with consumers, and its bones, meat, and blood also have medicinal value. In recent years, the yellow eel farming industry has developed rapidly, becoming one of the leading freshwater aquaculture species in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

[0003] Due to the unique sex reversal characteristic of the swamp eel—its juveniles are female, but it transforms into a male once it reaches a certain size—it is difficult to precisely control the sex ratio and gonadal development synchronicity of parent eels during artificial breeding. Regarding the use of induced spawning drugs, the dosage and ratio are currently difficult to standardize, resulting in large fluctuations in spawning success rates. Furthermore, swamp eel fertilized eggs have stringent requirements for water temperature and dissolved oxygen during hatching, making them susceptible to saprolegniasis and leading to low hatching rates. Currently, most swamp eel fry are caught from the wild, resulting in inconsistent size, genetic degradation, and the presence of pathogens. In addition, swamp eels prefer to burrow or hide in aquatic plants; insufficient aquatic plant cover in artificial breeding leads to insufficient habitat, indirectly increasing the risk of fighting. Insufficient aquatic plants also affect water purification, indirectly increasing stress and impacting parent eel survival rates, fertilized egg hatching rates, and fry yields.

[0004] Currently, the instability and lack of large-scale operation in artificial breeding are among the most significant factors restricting the expansion and improvement of the scale and efficiency of eel farming. Traditional artificial breeding of eels largely relies on experience, lacking standardized procedures. The controllability of aspects such as parent eel pairing, spawning environment control, and larval cultivation is poor, leading to fluctuating breeding success rates. Existing breeding models are mostly small-scale experimental cultivations, unable to achieve large-scale larval supply. Farmers can only rely on wild larvae for farming, resulting in limited quantity and inconsistent quality of larvae, significantly increasing farming costs. The shortage of larvae supply directly limits the expansion of farming scale, hinders the improvement of farming efficiency, and impedes the standardized development of the eel farming industry.

[0005] Chinese patent CN109006590A discloses a mud eel breeding system and method, which comprises a greenhouse and a plurality of breeding boxes arranged in the greenhouse. The water inlet ends of the breeding boxes are connected with the water outlet end of the water storage pool, and the water outlet ends of the breeding boxes are connected with the water inlet end of the sewage pool. The sewage pool is provided with a purification unit, and the water outlet end of the sewage pool is connected with the water inlet end of the water storage pool. The mud eel breeding system and method can provide the most suitable ecological conditions for mud eel breeding, and the breeding process is basically not affected by weather changes. However, the breeding method still uses net cages, which is prone to fighting due to territory disputes, affecting the survival of female and male eels, and increasing the risk of infection.

[0006] Chinese patent CN118749477A discloses a soilless artificial bionics mud eel breeding method and device simulating mud eel breeding caves, which comprises a plurality of breeding net cages arranged in a pond for breeding mud eels and bubble film honeycomb nests arranged in the breeding net cages for simulating cave environment. The breeding net cages are floating with eichhornia crassipes imitating ecological environment, and the bubble film honeycomb nests are immersed in water. A plurality of caves are provided on the outer periphery of the bubble film honeycomb nests for mud eels to drill into. The device can provide the required cave environment for mud eel breeding, promote spawning and mating, and separate the parents from the eel fry by removing the bubble film honeycomb nests, so as to ensure that the eel fry do not change the living environment from hatching to the entire cultivation stage, avoid the stress reaction caused by external damage and environmental change, and greatly improve the survival rate of the fry. However, the female and male eels are put into the device together without spacing, so there is still a risk of fighting between female and male eels, and the utilization rate of male eels is extremely low because they only participate in the breeding process once.

[0007] Therefore, it is an urgent need to develop a soilless bionics mud eel fixed-point spawning and parent eel repeated utilization method for the current mud eel breeding industry. SUMMARY

[0008] In view of the above technical problems, the present application provides a soilless bionics mud eel breeding method and device, which improves the breeding efficiency of mud eels through the cooperation of a specially designed mud eel breeding device and improved feed, and realizes soilless bionics mud eel artificial high-efficiency breeding.

[0009] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides a soilless bionics mud eel breeding method, which comprises the following steps:

[0010] (1) Constructing a soilless bionics mud eel breeding device and putting parent eels into the mud eel breeding device; (2) Adaptive breeding: feeding improved feed for 2-3 days by four-determination method to complete the adaptive breeding of parent eels; (3) Spawning and hatching: parent eels build nests, spawn, fertilize and naturally hatch in the mud eel breeding device to obtain eel fry; (4) Parent eel recovery: after the eel fry hatches, the mating opening is closed and the eel fry is fed with the opening feed, and the parent eels are recovered after the breeding period ends, and the eel fry is cultured in situ.

[0011] Preferably, the improved feed in step (2) is fed in an amount of 5-8% of the body weight of the parent eel.

[0012] Further preferably, the improved feed is obtained by mixing, stuffing and sausage-making 70-72% fish meat paste, 8-9% earthworm paste, 10-11% Chinese medicine juice and 9-10% soybean meal fermentation product.

[0013] More preferably, the Chinese medicine juice is obtained by mixing, crushing and boiling the following raw materials in a weight ratio and concentrating to 2 times: 8-12 parts of white head, 8-12 parts of dandelion, 8-12 parts of dried tangerine or orange peel, 8-12 parts of hawthorn, 8-12 parts of chicken gizzard, 8-12 parts of red sage root, 8-12 parts of red peony root, 8-12 parts of angelica, 8-12 parts of capillary, 4-8 parts of Lycopene, 0.1 parts of plantago, 0.5 parts of large rhubarb, 14-18 parts of large dates and 2-6 parts of crushed garlic.

[0014] More preferably, the soybean meal fermentation product is obtained by mixing cooked soybean meal and Bacillus subtilis and fermenting at room temperature for 18-24 hours.

[0015] Further, the amount of Bacillus subtilis is 0.1-0.5% of the mass of cooked soybean meal; and the moisture content during fermentation is 45-60%.

[0016] Further, the preparation method of the cooked soybean meal is to mix soybean meal and water in a mass ratio of 1:3-5, soak overnight, wash, steam at 100°C for 2-3 hours, and obtain.

[0017] Preferably, the parent eel is a healthy and sexually mature parent eel artificially cultured for more than one year, with a length of 30-60 cm and a weight of 75-150 g, and the number ratio of male eels to female eels in the parent eel is 1:1-4.

[0018] Further preferably, the body length of the female eel in the parent eel is 30-40 cm, and the body weight is 75-100 g; the body length of the male eel in the parent eel is 50-60 cm, and the body weight is 125-150 g.

[0019] Preferably, the eel breeding device in step (1) comprises a box body, a plurality of fixed grooves are arranged in the box body, the fixed grooves are connected with the main plate and the auxiliary plate, and the box body is divided into five independent areas; one of the five independent areas is provided with a water pump controller, and the water pump controller is connected with the water inlet and outlet pipe and the water level sensor; the remaining four independent areas are all set as habitat nests.

[0020] Further preferably, the main plate comprises a main plate body, a plurality of main plate sliding grooves are arranged on the upper part of the main plate body, a plurality of mating openings are arranged on the middle and lower part of the main plate body, and a plurality of water permeable holes are arranged on the bottom of the main plate body.

[0021] Further preferably, the main plate sliding grooves are three, 1.5-3 cm away from the top of the main plate body and 0.5-1 cm away from the side edge of the main plate body, and the size is 5 cm*1 cm; the mating openings are two, the size is 10 cm*3 cm, 5 cm away from the bottom of the main plate body and 8-10 cm away from the side of the main plate body; and the water permeable holes are two rows of multiple, and a dense mesh is embedded in each water permeable hole and located on the bottom of the main plate body.

[0022] Further, the aperture of the dense mesh is 20 mesh.

[0023] Further preferably, the auxiliary plate comprises an auxiliary plate body, a plurality of auxiliary plate sliding grooves are arranged on the upper part of the auxiliary plate body, and a plurality of fixing members are arranged on the bottom of the auxiliary plate body.

[0024] Further preferably, the width of the auxiliary plate body is consistent with the width of the main plate body, and the length of the auxiliary plate body is 75% of the length of the main plate body; the auxiliary plate sliding grooves are three and have the same size as the main plate sliding grooves, and the fixing members are 3-6 T-shaped structures.

[0025] Further preferably, an egg-laying bed is fixed on the fixing member.

[0026] Further, the egg-laying bed is composed of a rope-shaped object with a diameter of 1-3 mm and a length of 10-20 cm, and the material is one or more of jute, flax and sisal.

[0027] Further preferably, a bolt is arranged on the auxiliary plate sliding groove, and the bolt is used to fixedly connect the auxiliary plate and the main plate through the main plate sliding groove.

[0028] Further preferably, the habitat is obtained by tightly tying long cloth strips which are 1.8-2 m long, 12-18 cm wide, and staggered and cut apart with a left-right side interval of 5 cm.

[0029] Further preferably, the lightness value L of the long cloth strip is less than or equal to 50; and the material of the long cloth strip is chemical fiber.

[0030] Preferably, the open feeding amount of the open bait in step (4) is 1-2% of the body weight of the eel fry.

[0031] Further preferably, the open bait is red worm.

[0032] Further preferably, the male eel can complete mating with multiple female eels in the same device.

[0033] The beneficial effects of the present application are: 1、The application constructs a soilless bionomics' s mudskipper breeding device, through the zoning setting of main and auxiliary plates, the parent mudskippers can be guaranteed to have a certain degree of exchange and be isolated from each other, so as to avoid fighting due to territorial disputes and cause injury and loss, and further effectively reduce the disease and death of the parent mudskippers, and improve the survival rate and utilization rate of the parent mudskippers. The main plate is covered with a 20-mesh dense net, which can not only guarantee smooth exchange of water in each independent area of the device and balance the water level, intercept the seedlings to protect in-situ cultivation from disturbance, but also allow fish manure, food residues and other impurities to pass through the dense net with water flow and be pumped out when the water is changed regularly, so as to realize water purification and further optimize the breeding environment. In addition, the mudskipper breeding device is provided with spawning beds and habitat nests, which can provide habitat for the parent mudskippers, realize bionomics breeding, avoid stress reaction, and provide support for eggs and create suitable conditions for fertilized eggs, so as to improve the spawning rate and hatching rate to more than 95%, and significantly improve the breeding efficiency of the mudskippers.

[0034] 2、The mudskipper breeding device is of a cross-shaped structure, one male mudskipper can be matched with a maximum of four female mudskippers for breeding at the same time, which can significantly improve the utilization rate and breeding efficiency of the male mudskippers, reduce the breeding cost, and improve the economic benefit.

[0035] 3、The improved feed is configured by traditional Chinese medicine juice, soybean meal fermentation, fish meat paste and earthworm paste, wherein the traditional Chinese medicine juice improves the immunity of the mudskippers, stabilizes the endocrine rhythm, maintains good breeding performance of the parent mudskippers, and promotes the cyclic breeding of the male mudskippers; the soybean meal fermentation makes the feed not easy to loosen after being put into water, and also provides the mudskippers with rich nutrients such as polysaccharides and proteins, and can prevent diseases such as enteritis and parasitic infection, and improve the health level and breeding performance of the parent mudskippers; the two can synergistically improve the breeding performance of the parent mudskippers, promote the production of healthy eggs and the cyclic breeding of the male mudskippers, and further improve the hatching rate of the eggs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 It is a schematic view of the overall structure of the mudskipper breeding device in embodiment 1.

[0037] Figure 2 It is a top view of the mudskipper breeding device in embodiment 1.

[0038] Figure 3 It is a side sectional view of the mudskipper breeding device in embodiment 1.

[0039] Figure 4 It is a schematic view of the structure of the water pump, water inlet and outlet pipe and water level sensor in embodiment 1.

[0040] Figure 5 It is a connection schematic view of the main and auxiliary plates in embodiment 1; A is a connection schematic view, and B is a connection side view.

[0041] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the main board and sub-board structure in Example 1; A in the diagram is the main board and B is the sub-board.

[0042] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the unfolded nest in Example 1.

[0043] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the permeable holes and the dense mesh.

[0044] In the diagram, 1 is the enclosure, 2 is the water pump controller, 3 is the inlet and outlet water pipes, 4 is the main board, 401 is the main board body, 402 is the main board slide groove, 403 is the water permeable hole, 404 is the mating port, 405 is the dense net, 5 is the secondary plate, 501 is the secondary plate body, 502 is the secondary plate slide groove, 503 is the bolt, 504 is the fastener, 6 is the fixing groove, 7 is the water level sensor, 8 is the nest, and 9 is the egg-laying bed. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The technical solution of the present invention will be further explained and described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It is worth noting that the following embodiments are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the contents of the claims. Modifications and substitutions made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of the present invention without creative effort all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0046] Example 1 like Figures 1-8 As shown, a breeding device for swamp eels is constructed, including a cross-shaped box 1. The box 1 has four U-shaped fixing slots 6, which are connected to a main board 4 and a secondary board 5, dividing the box 1 into five independent areas. The central independent area can accommodate male swamp eels, while the four outer independent areas can accommodate female swamp eels. Each independent area accommodates one parent eel, separating the male and female eels to prevent fighting. The box 1 is made of transparent material, ensuring that the parent fish can sense each other. One of the independent areas is equipped with a water pump controller 2, which is connected to inlet and outlet water pipes 3 and a water level sensor 7, respectively, to control the water level in the box 1, enabling automatic water replenishment and pumping to maintain the water level at a suitable position. Simultaneously, the dissolved oxygen level in the water is regulated by the inflow and outflow of water. Nests 8 can be optionally installed in the remaining four independent areas to provide hiding places for the parent eels.

[0047] Preferably, the water pump controller 2 is connected to a three-way connector, with one end connected to a water source (via a water pump), one end connected to an external drain outlet, and the other end connected to the box. A can achieve water inlet and outlet through an inlet / outlet pipe 3.

[0048] Preferably, the main plate 4 comprises a main plate body 401, the upper part of the main plate body 401 is provided with a plurality of main plate sliding grooves 402 for cooperating with the auxiliary plate 5 and sliding up and down to adjust the height of the auxiliary plate 5; the middle and lower part is provided with a plurality of mating openings 404, and the bottom is provided with a plurality of water permeable holes 403, and each water permeable hole is embedded with a dense mesh 405.

[0049] Further preferably, the main plate sliding groove 402 has three, which is 1.5-3cm away from the top of the main plate body 401, 0.5-1cm away from the side edge, the size is 5cm*1cm, which is used for multiple fixing of the main plate 4 and the auxiliary plate 5; the mating opening 404 has two, the size is 10cm*3cm, which is 5cm away from the bottom of the main plate body 401 and 8-10cm away from the side edge, when the mating opening 404 is completely unblocked, the female eel can pass through, but the head of the male eel cannot pass through, only the part of the body where the cloaca is located can pass through, which avoids the fight between the male and female eels and ensures that the male and female eels can communicate to a certain extent; the water permeable hole 403 is two rows of multiple, which is located at the bottom of the main plate body 401, each water permeable hole is embedded with a 20-mesh dense mesh, and the mesh aperture is about 0.85mm, which can not only ensure the efficient circulation of water in the device and realize smooth exchange and water level balance between each independent area, but also accurately intercept the seedlings and protect their in-situ cultivation from disturbance. In the process of regular water change, impurities such as fish manure and food residues can pass through the dense mesh with water flow and be smoothly pumped out and discharged, realizing water purification.

[0050] Preferably, the auxiliary plate 5 comprises an auxiliary plate body 501, the upper part of the auxiliary plate body 501 is provided with a plurality of auxiliary plate sliding grooves 502, which can cooperate with the main plate and slide up and down to flexibly adjust the blocking degree of the mating opening 404, which can accurately adjust the actual opening and closing size of the mating opening according to the size of the corresponding body of the eel cloaca, preventing the female eel from freely passing through and causing fighting; the bottom is provided with a plurality of fixing members 504 for fixing the spawning bed 9, gathering the foam spit out by the parent to form a foam groove, thereby gathering and lifting the fish eggs in a relatively fixed and safe water surface area, avoiding the fish eggs from scattering to the bottom and being polluted.

[0051] Further preferably, the width of the auxiliary plate body 501 is consistent with the width of the main plate body 401, and the length is 75% of the length of the main plate body 401, so as to realize the blocking of the mating opening 404; the auxiliary plate sliding groove 502 has three, which is consistent with the size of the main plate sliding groove 402; the fixing member 504 has 3-6, which is a T-shaped structure, facilitating the fixation of the spawning bed 9.

[0052] Further preferably, the fixing member 504 is fixed with the spawning bed 9, which gathers the foam spit out by the parent to form a foam groove, thereby gathering and lifting the fish eggs in a relatively fixed and safe water surface area, avoiding the fish eggs from scattering to the bottom and being polluted.

[0053] Further preferably, the egg laying bed 9 is composed of a rope with a diameter of 1-3 mm and a length of 10-20 cm, and is made of one or more of jute, flax and sisal.

[0054] Further preferably, the sub-plate sliding groove 502 is provided with a bolt 503, which passes through the main plate sliding groove 402 to fixedly connect the sub-plate 5 with the main plate 4, and the main plate 4 is fixedly connected with the sub-plate 5 by tightening the bolt 503, so as to avoid the sub-plate 5 from sliding downward due to its own weight; and the relative position of the main plate 4 and the sub-plate 5 can be adjusted by loosening the bolt 503.

[0055] Preferably, the habitat nest 8 is tightly tied by a long cloth strip with a length of 1.8-2 m and a width of 12-18 cm, and the left and right sides are staggered and cut apart with a spacing of 5 cm, so as to provide 80% coverage and simulate the natural habitat environment of the rice eel and provide a hiding space for the rice eel.

[0056] Further preferably, the long cloth strip has a lightness value L≤50; the long cloth strip is made of chemical fiber, can adapt to a humid environment and is not prone to mildew, has a long service life, a low density, and can continuously float on the water surface to provide a nest for the parent.

[0057] Example 2 (1) Take 10 g of white peony root, 10 g of dandelion, 10 g of dried tangerine or orange peel, 10 g of hawthorn, 10 g of chicken gizzard, 10 g of red sage root, 10 g of red peony root, 10 g of angelica, 10 g of wormwood, 6 g of Lycopi Herba, 3 grains of plantain seed, 1 grain of rhubarb, 2 grains of jujube and 5 g of crushed garlic, crush and place in 1.5 L of water, cook for 1 h, filter the medicinal liquid and residue, add 500 mL of water to the residue and cook for 0.5 h, filter the medicinal liquid, combine the two medicinal liquids and cook and concentrate to 1 L to obtain a traditional Chinese medicine juice; (2) Mix soybean meal and water in a mass ratio of 1:3, soak overnight, then wash and put into a container to steam at 100°C for 3 h until it can be easily crumbled by hand; then crush it, add 0.3% by weight of Bacillus subtilis, and add water equal in weight to the cooked soybean meal, mix well and ferment at room temperature for 24 h, when the surface of the soybean meal shows obvious adhesion and a layer of yellow-brown silk can be pulled, and the fermentation mixture is neither too loose nor too compact, to obtain a soybean meal fermentation product; (3) Grind fresh white carp meat and earthworms into a paste in a mass ratio of 1:20 to obtain fish meat paste and earthworm paste; (4) Mix the fish meat paste, earthworm paste, traditional Chinese medicine juice and soybean meal fermentation product in a mass ratio of 71.4:8.6:10.7:9.3, then fill into plastic casing with a size of 20 100 mm, and store in a refrigerator to obtain improved feed; Example 3 (1) Assemble the eel breeding device according to Example 1, and use the water pump controller 2 to maintain the water level in the device at the half-submerged position of the mating port 403. (2) Four female eels with a body length of 30-40 cm and a weight of 75-100 g were placed in an independent area around the eel breeding device without a water pump; one male eel with a body length of 50-60 cm and a weight of 125-150 g was placed in an independent area in the middle of the eel breeding device for adaptive breeding. During the breeding, the improved feed was cut into 0.5 cm pieces and fed at fixed time, quantity, quality and location. The amount of feed was 7% of the weight of the parent eel each time, and the feed was given once a day. During the breeding process, the flow rate of water in and out was controlled at 0.3 m / s, and the water was changed every 24 hours to avoid excessive feed residue and feces polluting the water quality. The parent eels were artificially bred for more than one year, sexually mature and healthy. The release time was selected around May 10th on a sunny day with a daily temperature of 25℃ or above. (3) Continue to raise for 30 days. After observing that the female eels build nests on the spawning bed 9 and discovering that they have laid eggs, record the time and reduce human interference. Adjust the amount of improved feed according to the actual feeding situation of the parent eels, but do not adjust the feed formula.

[0058] (4) After the eel fry hatch, close the mating opening and feed them with starter feed to meet their growth needs. During the breeding season, male eels can mate with multiple female eels (up to four) in the eel breeding device. After the breeding season ends, the parent eels are collected and the eel fry are left in the original breeding device for in-situ cultivation.

[0059] Comparative Example 1 The method and steps are the same as in Example 3, except that the improved feed is replaced with a conventional feed composed of fish paste and earthworm paste in a mass ratio of 7:1 for breeding.

[0060] Comparative Example 2 The method and steps are the same as in Example 3, except that no Chinese herbal medicine juice is added to the improved feed for the breeding of eels.

[0061] Comparative Example 3 The method and steps are the same as in Example 3, except that fermented soybean meal is not added to the improved feed for the breeding of eels.

[0062] Comparative Example 4 The method and steps are the same as in Example 3, except that the eel breeding device constructed in Example 1 is not used. Instead, traditional net cage culture is adopted, with one female eel and one male eel placed in each net cage for breeding.

[0063] Comparative Example 5 They are cultured in traditional net cages and bred using a conventional feed consisting of fish paste and earthworm paste in a 7:1 mass ratio.

[0064] Comparative Example 6 The method and steps are the same as in Example 3, except that the secondary plate 5 is not fixed in the eel breeding device constructed in Example 1, and breeding is carried out.

[0065] Comparative Example 7 The method and steps are the same as in Example 3, except that the spawning bed 9 is not set up in the eel breeding device constructed in Example 1, and breeding is carried out.

[0066] Results Detection: The spawning rate, hatching rate, relative spawning, absolute spawning, and parent eel recovery rate of the above examples and comparative examples were statistically analyzed. The results are shown in Table 1. Table 1 Comparison of reproductive performance of yellow eels

[0067] Note: Relative spawning is the number of eggs carried per kg of female eel (average weight of female eel is 0.075-0.1 kg); absolute spawning is the total number of eggs laid by a single female eel in one breeding season (average value).

[0068] The results showed that, through comparison of the experimental groups, Example 3, which adopted the complete technical solution of this invention, had a significantly superior overall performance in eel reproduction compared to the other experimental groups, demonstrating a clear core advantage. Specifically, Example 3 achieved a spawning rate of 95.7% and a hatching rate of 96.1%, representing increases of 19.7 and 13.1 percentage points respectively compared to Comparative Example 4 (spawning rate 76%, hatching rate 83%) using traditional farming methods, and increases of 20.6 and 13.5 percentage points respectively compared to Comparative Example 5 (spawning rate 75.1%, hatching rate 82.6%) using conventional feed. The relative spawning rate reached 8000 eggs / kg, and the absolute spawning rate was 494 eggs / tail, representing increases of 2000 eggs / kg and 118 eggs / tail respectively compared to Comparative Example 5. The parent eel recovery rate was also as high as 93.3%, comprehensively leading all experimental groups.

[0069] From the perspective of actual breeding results, Example 3, with the help of a specially designed breeding device, enabled female eels to spawn at a fixed location, concentrating the eggs in the spawning bed, effectively reducing scattering losses and laying the foundation for a high hatching rate. Male eels were utilized for multiple breedings, and female eels could stably lay 2-3 spawning clutches within a breeding season. Combined with a high hatching rate of 96.1%, the final effective hatching quantity could reach 950-1200 eels per female eel. In addition, the eel fry hatched in Example 3 were robust, with a survival rate of over 92% 10 days after hatching, which was 5-8 percentage points higher than the control group on average. This fully ensured that the growth of the fry was not affected, breaking the limitation of male eels being able to reproduce only once in the traditional model, and greatly improving the utilization rate of male eels and the economic benefits of aquaculture.

[0070] In summary, this invention achieves multiple objectives—improving breeding efficiency, targeted spawning, ensuring seedling growth, and enabling multiple uses of male eels—through the synergistic effect of the breeding device and improved feed, resulting in a significant overall effect.

Claims

1. A soilless, semi-natural method for breeding swamp eels, characterized by: Includes the following steps: (1) Construct a soilless, simulated ecological breeding device for swamp eels and release parent swamp eels into the breeding device; (2) Adaptive farming: Feed the improved feed using the four fixed methods for 2-3 days to complete the adaptive farming of the parent eels; (3) Spawning and hatching: The parent eels build nests, lay eggs, fertilize them, and hatch them naturally in the eel breeding device to obtain eel fry; (4) Parent eel collection: After the eel fry hatch, the mating opening is closed and the fry are fed starter feed. After the breeding season ends, the parent eels are collected in a unified manner and the eel fry are cultured in situ.

2. The soilless, semi-natural method for breeding swamp eels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of the improved feed described in step (2) is 5-8% of the body weight of the parent eels.

3. The soilless, semi-natural method for breeding swamp eels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The improved feed is prepared by mixing 70-72% fish paste, 8-9% earthworm paste, 10-11% traditional Chinese medicine juice and 9-10% fermented soybean meal and then enemaing it.

4. The soilless, semi-natural method for breeding swamp eels according to claim 3, characterized in that: The herbal decoction is obtained by mixing and pulverizing the following raw materials in parts by weight, boiling them in water, and concentrating them to twice their original volume: 8-12 parts of Pulsatilla chinensis, 8-12 parts of Taraxacum mongolicum, 8-12 parts of Citrus reticulata peel, 8-12 parts of Crataegus pinnatifida, 8-12 parts of chicken gizzard lining, 8-12 parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza, 8-12 parts of Paeonia lactiflora, 8-12 parts of Angelica sinensis, 8-12 parts of Artemisia capillaris, 4-8 parts of Lycopus lucidus, 0.1 parts of Plantago asiatica, 0.5 parts of Rheum palmatum, 14-18 parts of Ziziphus jujuba, and 6 parts of minced garlic.

5. The soilless, semi-natural method and apparatus for breeding swamp eels according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fermented soybean meal was obtained by mixing cooked soybean meal and Bacillus subtilis and fermenting at room temperature for 18-24 hours.

6. The soilless, semi-natural method for breeding swamp eels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The eel breeding device described in step (1) includes a box (1), which has multiple fixing slots (6) inside. The fixing slots (6) are connected to the main board (4) and the sub-board (5), dividing the box (1) into 5 independent areas. A water pump controller (2) is provided in one of the independent areas of the device. The water pump controller (2) is connected to the inlet and outlet water pipes (3) and the water level sensor (7) respectively. Nests (8) can be set in the other 4 independent areas.

7. The soilless, semi-natural method for breeding swamp eels according to claim 6, characterized in that: The main board (4) includes a main board body (401), the upper part of the main board body (401) is provided with multiple main board grooves (402), the middle and lower part is provided with multiple mating openings (404), the size of the mating openings is set according to the size of the tail of the parent eel, so that the cloaca can pass through the mating openings, and the bottom is provided with multiple water-permeable holes (403), with dense nets (405) embedded in the water-permeable holes.

8. A soilless, semi-natural method for breeding swamp eels according to claim 6, characterized in that: The sub-plate (5) includes a sub-plate body (501), with multiple sub-plate grooves (502) on the upper part and multiple fasteners (504) on the lower part.

9. A soilless, semi-natural method for breeding swamp eels according to claim 8, characterized in that: An egg-laying bed (9) is fixed on the fastener (504).

10. A soilless, semi-natural method for breeding swamp eels according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that: The sub-plate slide groove (502) is provided with bolts (503), which pass through the main plate slide groove (402) to fix the sub-plate (5) and the main plate (4) in place.

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