Chinese herbal medicine functional additive for shrimp breeding feed as well as preparation method and application of Chinese herbal medicine functional additive

Abstract

The invention provides a Chinese herbal medicine functional additive for shrimp breeding feed as well as a preparation method and application of the Chinese herbal medicine functional additive, and belongs to the technical field of feed additives. The Chinese herbal medicine functional additive is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 10 to 15 parts of honeysuckle flower, 10 to 15 parts of fructus forsythiae, 15 to 20 parts of radix isatidis, 20 to 30 parts of radix astragali seu hedysari, 8 to 12 parts of radix platycodonis, 5 to 10 parts of Chinese gall, 10 to 15 parts of herba taraxaci and 8 to 12 parts of rhizoma polygoni cuspidati. Honeysuckle, gallnut and polygonum cuspidatum in the formula have the bacteriostatic effect, fructus forsythiae and isatis root can be used for resisting viruses, astragalus membranaceus can enhance the immunity of the organism, platycodon grandiflorum can promote intestinal development and improve digestion and absorption, dandelion has the effects of protecting liver, benefiting gallbladder and resisting inflammation, and after the Chinese herbal medicines are combined, the synergistic effects of resisting bacteria, resisting viruses and regulating immunity are achieved; the immunity of the shrimps and the digestion and absorption capability of the feed can be improved, and rapid and healthy growth of the shrimps is promoted.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of feed additives, and particularly relates to a Chinese herbal medicine functional additive for shrimp breeding feed as well as a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the current aquaculture industry, feed additives are the key link to ensure the healthy growth of farmed animals and improve the efficiency of breeding. In traditional breeding, chemical antibacterial agents and antibiotic additives are often used to deal with disease problems, but long-term abuse can lead to drug residues in the bodies of farmed animals and increased drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria, which not only affects the quality and safety of aquatic products, but also damages the ecological environment of breeding water and harms human health.

[0003] At the same time, the existing Chinese herbal medicine feed additives have problems such as unreasonable formula design, low extraction efficiency of effective components, single function (such as only focusing on antibacterial or immune regulation), and insufficient synergistic effect of components, which are difficult to meet the comprehensive needs of aquatic animals for disease prevention and control, immune improvement, and digestion and absorption improvement. Therefore, developing a Chinese herbal medicine functional additive with scientific formula, efficient extraction process, and synergistic effects of antibacterial, antiviral, and immune regulation has become an important research direction in the field of aquatic feed. SUMMARY

[0004] Therefore, the present application aims to provide a Chinese herbal medicine functional additive for shrimp breeding feed as well as a preparation method and application thereof, which can exert synergistic effects of antibacterial, antiviral, and immune regulation, promote the growth of shrimps, and enhance the immune ability of the body.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned application purposes, the present application provides the following technical solutions: A Chinese herbal medicine functional additive for shrimp breeding feed, comprising the following raw materials in parts by mass: honeysuckle 10-15 parts, forsythia 10-15 parts, isatis root 15-20 parts, astragalus 20-30 parts, platycodon 8-12 parts, gallnut 5-10 parts, dandelion 10-15 parts, and giant knotweed 8-12 parts.

[0006] The present application also provides a preparation method of the above-mentioned Chinese herbal medicine functional additive, comprising the following steps: washing, drying, coarsely crushing, and ultrafine crushing the raw materials, then performing microwave extraction, and performing filtration and drying; the power of the microwave extraction is 400-600 W, the temperature is 50-80℃, and the time is 8-18 min; the extraction solvent of forsythia, isatis root, astragalus, and gallnut is water, and the extraction solvent of honeysuckle, platycodon, dandelion, and giant knotweed is an ethanol aqueous solution.

[0007] Preferably, the drying is performed at a low temperature, and the raw materials are dried at a temperature below 50℃ until the water content is ≤8%.

[0008] Preferably, the coarse crushing is to 10-20 mesh of raw material particle size; the ultrafine grinding is to ≤20 mu m of raw material particle size.

[0009] Preferably, the microwave extraction is 1g:8-12mL of material liquid ratio.

[0010] Preferably, the microwave extraction parameters include: Honeysuckle: power is 450W, time is 8min, and the extraction solvent is 50% ethanol aqueous solution; Forsythia: power is 550W, time is 12min, and the extraction solvent is water; Radix isatidis: power is 500W, time is 10min, and the extraction solvent is water; Radix astragali: power is 400W, time is 15min, and the extraction solvent is water; Platycodon: power is 500W, time is 15min, and the extraction solvent is 70% ethanol aqueous solution; Gallnut: power is 600W, time is 18min, and the extraction solvent is water; Dandelion: power is 400W, time is 8min, and the extraction solvent is 30% ethanol aqueous solution; Tiger's eye: power is 500W, time is 12min, and the extraction solvent is 60% ethanol aqueous solution.

[0011] Preferably, the suction filtration adopts vacuum suction filtration, the filter membrane specification is 0.45 mu m, and the filtrate is rotary evaporated at 40 DEG C to 1 / 5 of the original volume.

[0012] Preferably, the drying adopts vacuum freeze drying, and the drying is carried out at-50 DEG C for 24h.

[0013] The application also provides application of the above-mentioned Chinese herbal medicine functional additive in preparation of shrimp breeding feed.

[0014] Preferably, the addition amount of the Chinese herbal medicine functional additive is 0.5-1.5wt%.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects: The Chinese herbal medicine functional additive has the following beneficial effects: the honeysuckle, gallnut and tiger's eye have bacteriostatic effect, the forsythia and radix isatidis can be used for antiviral, the radix astragali enhances the immunity of the body, the platycodon promotes the development of the intestinal tract and improves the digestion and absorption effect, the dandelion has the effects of protecting liver and gallbladder and anti-inflammation, and the above-mentioned Chinese herbal medicines play the synergistic effects of antibacterial, antiviral and immune regulation after being used in combination, so that the immunity and the digestion and absorption capacity of the shrimp to the feed are improved, and the shrimp grows rapidly and healthily.

[0016] The present application carries out ultrafine pulverization on each raw material before extracting effective components, can destroy cell wall structure, increase dissolution surface area, and make the dissolution rate of active ingredients increase by 40%; microwave extraction is adopted to selectively activate polar components, shorten extraction time to 1 / 5 of conventional method, and reduce energy consumption. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The present application provides a Chinese herbal medicine functional additive for shrimp breeding feed, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: honeysuckle 10-15 parts, forsythia 10-15 parts, isatis root 15-20 parts, milkvetch 20-30 parts, platycodon 8-12 parts, gallnut 5-10 parts, dandelion 10-15 parts, and giant knotweed 8-12 parts.

[0018] In the present application, honeysuckle is the dried flower buds or early opened flowers of Lonicera japonica Thunb. of Caprifoliaceae, which is sweet in nature and cold in property, mainly contains effective components such as chlorogenic acid, luteolin, and lonicera japonica glycoside, has the effects of clearing heat and resolving toxins, cooling blood, and promoting diuresis. Its antibacterial effect is mainly achieved by inhibiting the cell membrane synthesis or metabolic process of pathogenic bacteria, and has a significant inhibitory effect on common pathogenic bacteria such as Vibrio and Escherichia coli in shrimp breeding. Preferably, honeysuckle is 11-13 parts, and more preferably 12 parts.

[0019] In the present application, gallnut is the insect gall on the leaves of Rhus chinensis, Rhus potaninii or Rhus punjabensis of Anacardiaceae, which is sour and astringent in nature and cold in property, contains effective components such as tannin and gallic acid, has the effects of astringing lung, astringing intestine, stopping bleeding, and detoxifying. Its antibacterial mechanism lies in that tannin can coagulate bacterial proteins and destroy bacterial cell structure, has strong inhibitory activity on gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria, and can form a synergistic antibacterial effect with honeysuckle and giant knotweed, thereby widening the antibacterial spectrum. Preferably, gallnut is 7-9 parts, and more preferably 8 parts. In the present application, giant knotweed is the dried rhizome and root of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc. of Polygonaceae, which is slightly bitter and cold in nature, mainly contains effective components such as emodin, chrysophanol, and polyonin, has the effects of promoting diuresis and removing jaundice, clearing heat and resolving toxins, and removing blood stasis and relieving pain. Its antibacterial effect lies in inhibiting bacterial nucleic acid synthesis and enzyme activity, and has an inhibitory effect on various pathogenic bacteria and fungi in shrimp breeding. When combined with honeysuckle and gallnut, the overall antibacterial effect of the formula can be significantly improved, and an anti-inflammatory effect can be assisted.

[0020] In the present application, forsythia is the dried fruit of Forsythia suspensa Vahl of Oleaceae, which is bitter and cold in nature, contains effective components such as forsythoside, forsythia ester glycoside, and volatile oil, has the effects of clearing heat and resolving toxins, and removing swelling and resolving nodes. Its antiviral effect is mainly achieved by interfering with the adsorption, invasion, or replication process of viruses. Preferably, forsythia is 11-13 parts, and more preferably 12 parts.

[0021] In this invention, Isatis root is the dried root of Isatis indigotica, a plant belonging to the genus Isatis indigotica in the Brassicaceae family. It is bitter and cold in nature, and mainly contains indigo, indirubin, polysaccharides, and other effective components. It has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, cooling the blood, and relieving sore throat. Its polysaccharide components can inhibit viral proliferation and regulate the body's immune function, enhancing shrimp's resistance to viruses. When combined with Forsythia suspensa, it can cover a broader spectrum of virus types, significantly enhancing the synergistic antiviral effect. Preferably, 17-19 parts of Isatis root are used, more preferably 18 parts.

[0022] In this invention, Astragalus is the dried root of *Astragalus mongholicus* or *Astragalus membranaceus*, plants belonging to the genus *Astragalus* of the legume family. It is sweet and slightly warm in nature, containing effective components such as astragalus polysaccharides, astragaloside A, and flavonoids. It has the effects of tonifying qi and raising yang, consolidating the exterior and stopping sweating, and promoting diuresis and reducing swelling. Among these, astragalus polysaccharides are the core immune-active component, which can enhance the activity of immune cells and increase antibody levels, thereby significantly enhancing the body's non-specific and specific immunity. Preferably, 23-27 parts of Astragalus are used, more preferably 25 parts.

[0023] In this invention, Platycodon grandiflorus is the dried root of Platycodon grandiflorus, a plant belonging to the genus Platycodon in the family Campanulaceae. It is bitter, pungent, and neutral in nature, containing effective components such as platycodon saponins and polysaccharides, and has the effects of clearing the lungs, relieving sore throat, eliminating phlegm, and draining pus. Its saponin components can promote the growth and repair of intestinal mucosal epithelial cells, improve the intestinal flora structure, and enhance the activity of intestinal digestive enzymes, thereby promoting the digestion and absorption of nutrients in feed and improving feed utilization; at the same time, it can alleviate intestinal inflammation and maintain intestinal health. Preferably, 9-11 parts of Platycodon grandiflorus are used, more preferably 10 parts.

[0024] In this invention, dandelion refers to the dried whole herb of *Taraxacum officinale*, a plant belonging to the genus *Taraxacum* of the Asteraceae family. It is bitter, sweet, and cold in nature, and contains effective components such as taraxasterol, taraxacin, flavonoids, and polysaccharides. It has the effects of clearing heat and detoxifying, reducing swelling and dissipating nodules, and promoting diuresis and relieving strangury. It can alleviate inflammatory responses in the body, and when used in combination with other components, it helps maintain the body's physiological balance and promote healthy growth. Preferably, 11-13 parts of dandelion are used, more preferably 12 parts.

[0025] In this invention, the combined use of the above-mentioned Chinese herbal medicines exerts a synergistic effect of antibacterial, antiviral, and immunomodulatory properties, which can improve the shrimp's immunity and its ability to digest and absorb feed, and promote the rapid and healthy growth of the shrimp.

[0026] This invention also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned functional additives of traditional Chinese medicine, comprising the following steps: washing, drying, coarsely pulverizing, and ultra-finely pulverizing the raw materials, followed by microwave extraction, filtration, and drying; the microwave extraction power is 400-600W, the temperature is 50-80℃, and the time is 8-18min; the extraction solvent for Forsythia suspensa, Isatis indigotica, Astragalus membranaceus, and Galla chinensis is water, and the extraction solvent for Lonicera japonica, Platycodon grandiflorus, Taraxacum mongolicum, and Polygonum cuspidatum is an aqueous ethanol solution. Compared with traditional methods such as boiling extraction and reflux extraction, microwave extraction can ensure the full dissolution of effective components and avoid component degradation caused by high temperature; moreover, the extraction time is only 8-18min, which is significantly shortened to 1 / 5 of the conventional method, significantly reducing energy consumption and production costs.

[0027] In this invention, low-temperature drying is preferred, drying at temperatures below 50°C until the moisture content of the raw material is ≤8%. Low-temperature drying can avoid damage to the heat-sensitive active ingredients in the raw material caused by high temperatures, ensuring the retention rate of the active ingredients.

[0028] In this invention, coarse grinding to a raw material particle size of 10-20 mesh is preferred, more preferably 15 mesh; ultrafine grinding to a raw material particle size ≤20μm is preferred, and even more preferably, the amount of ultrafine grinding feed is ≤1 / 3 of the equipment capacity, the circulating cooling water temperature is maintained at ≤35℃, and the grinding time is 8-25min. Ultrafine grinding can effectively destroy the cell wall structure of traditional Chinese medicine, fully exposing the active ingredients within the cells, increasing the contact area with the extraction solvent, thereby significantly improving the dissolution rate of active ingredients. Compared with raw materials that have not been ultrafine ground, the dissolution rate can be increased by 40%. At the same time, the uniform particle size of the ultrafine ground raw material is beneficial to the uniform action of the microwave field, further improving the extraction efficiency.

[0029] In this invention, the preferred material-to-liquid ratio for microwave extraction is 1g:8-12mL, more preferably 1g:10mL. The preferred microwave extraction pressure is 0.1-0.5MPa.

[0030] In this invention, the preferred microwave extraction parameters for each Chinese herbal medicine raw material are shown in Table 1.

[0031] Table 1 Microwave Extraction Parameters for Traditional Chinese Medicine

[0032] In this invention, vacuum filtration is preferred, with a filter membrane of 0.45 μm, and the filtrate is rotary evaporated at 40°C to 1 / 5 of its original volume; vacuum freeze-drying is preferred, with drying at -50°C for 24 hours. Vacuum freeze-drying avoids the oxidation, degradation, and structural damage of active ingredients caused by high temperatures during conventional drying processes, and can retain the active ingredients in the additives to the maximum extent, ensuring that their antibacterial, antiviral, and immunomodulatory functions are not affected.

[0033] The present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned traditional Chinese medicine functional additives in the preparation of shrimp farming feed, preferably the amount of traditional Chinese medicine functional additives added is 0.5-1.5 wt%, more preferably 1 wt%, and more preferably the shrimp include giant freshwater prawn and Litopenaeus vannamei.

[0034] The technical solutions provided by the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0035] Example 1 A functional additive made from traditional Chinese medicine for shrimp farming feed, the formula and preparation method are as follows: (1) Weigh out the following ingredients in the following proportions: honeysuckle 10 parts, forsythia 12 parts, isatis root 18 parts, astragalus 30 parts, platycodon 10 parts, gallnut 6 parts, dandelion 15 parts, and polygonum cuspidatum 10 parts. After washing, dry the raw materials at a temperature below 50°C until the moisture content is ≤8%. (2) Feed into the ultrafine pulverizer, feed amount ≤ 1 / 3 of equipment capacity, keep the temperature of circulating cooling water ≤ 35℃, and pulverize to 18.5μm; (3) Add the crushed raw material and extraction solvent into a pressure-resistant microwave-safe container at a material-to-liquid ratio of 1g:10mL, with the liquid level ≥3cm from the mouth of the container, and perform microwave extraction according to the parameters in Table 1. (4) After extraction, the extract was filtered under vacuum while hot (using a 0.45 μm filter membrane). The filtrates were combined and evaporated at 40 °C to 1 / 5 of the original volume. The extract was then freeze-dried under vacuum (-50 °C, 24 h) to obtain a loose extract powder.

[0036] Example 2 The herbal functional additive from Example 1 was added to the basal feed at a dosage of 1 wt%. Basal feed consisted of: 35% soybean meal, 30% fish meal, 20% corn starch, 10% rapeseed cake, 3% rice bran oil, 1% vitamin premix, and 1% mineral premix.

[0037] Giant freshwater prawns were fed with basal feed and 1 wt% additive feed for 8 weeks respectively, and their growth traits were tested, as shown in Table 2.

[0038] Table 2. Effects of traditional Chinese medicine additives on the growth of giant freshwater prawns.

[0039] Example 3 A functional additive of traditional Chinese medicine for shrimp farming feed, with the following formula: 10 parts honeysuckle, 10 parts forsythia, 15 parts isatis root, 20 parts astragalus, 8 parts platycodon, 5 parts gallnut, 10 parts dandelion, and 10 parts Japanese knotweed.

[0040] The preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0041] Example 4 The herbal functional additive from Example 3 was added to the basal feed at a dosage of 1.5 wt%. The basal feed consisted of: 35% soybean meal, 30% fish meal, 20% corn starch, 10% rapeseed cake, 3% rice bran oil, 1% vitamin premix, and 1% mineral premix.

[0042] Litopenaeus vannamei were fed with basal feed and 1.5 wt% additive feed for 8 weeks respectively, and their growth traits were tested, as shown in Table 3.

[0043] Table 3. Effects of traditional Chinese medicine additives on the growth of Litopenaeus vannamei.

[0044] Example 5 A functional additive of traditional Chinese medicine for shrimp farming feed, with the following formula: 12 parts honeysuckle, 12 parts forsythia, 18 parts isatis root, 25 parts astragalus, 10 parts platycodon, 8 parts gallnut, 12 parts dandelion, and 10 parts Japanese knotweed.

[0045] The preparation method is the same as in Example 1.

[0046] Example 6 The herbal functional additive from Example 5 was added to the basal feed at a dosage of 0.5 wt%. The basal feed consisted of: 35% soybean meal, 30% fish meal, 20% corn starch, 10% rapeseed cake, 3% rice bran oil, 1% vitamin premix, and 1% mineral premix.

[0047] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A traditional Chinese medicine functional additive for shrimp farming feed, characterized in that, The ingredients are as follows by weight: 10-15 parts honeysuckle, 10-15 parts forsythia, 15-20 parts isatis root, 20-30 parts astragalus, 8-12 parts platycodon, 5-10 parts gallnut, 10-15 parts dandelion, and 8-12 parts polygonum cuspidatum.

2. The method for preparing the functional additive of traditional Chinese medicine according to claim 1, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The raw materials are washed, dried, coarsely pulverized, and ultra-finely pulverized, then subjected to microwave extraction, followed by filtration and drying. The microwave extraction power is 400-600W, the temperature is 50-80℃, and the time is 8-18min. The extraction solvent for Forsythia suspensa, Isatis indigotica, Astragalus membranaceus, and Galla chinensis is water, while the extraction solvent for Lonicera japonica, Platycodon grandiflorus, Taraxacum mongolicum, and Polygonum cuspidatum is an aqueous ethanol solution.

3. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The drying process employs low-temperature drying, drying at temperatures below 50°C until the raw material moisture content is ≤8%.

4. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The coarse grinding is carried out to a raw material particle size of 10-20 mesh; the ultrafine grinding is carried out to a raw material particle size of ≤20μm.

5. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The material-to-liquid ratio for microwave extraction is 1g:8-12mL.

6. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The parameters of the microwave extraction include: Honeysuckle: Power 450W, time 8min, extraction solvent 50% ethanol aqueous solution; Forsythia: Power 550W, time 12min, extraction solvent water; Isatis root: power 500W, time 10min, extraction solvent is water; Astragalus: power 400W, time 15min, extraction solvent water; Platycodon grandiflorus: power 500W, time 15min, extraction solvent 70% ethanol aqueous solution; Gallnut: Power 600W, time 18min, extraction solvent: water; Dandelion: power 400W, time 8min, extraction solvent 30% ethanol aqueous solution; Polygonum cuspidatum: power 500W, time 12min, extraction solvent 60% ethanol aqueous solution.

7. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The filtration is performed using vacuum filtration with a filter membrane size of 0.45 μm. The filtrate is then rotary evaporated at 40°C to 1 / 5 of its original volume.

8. The preparation method according to claim 2, characterized in that, The drying process employs vacuum freeze drying at -50°C for 24 hours.

9. The application of the functional additive of traditional Chinese medicine as described in claim 1 in the preparation of shrimp farming feed.

10. The application according to claim 9, characterized in that, The amount of the herbal functional additive added is 0.5-1.5 wt%.

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