A descaling device

Abstract

The application relates to the technical field of descaling equipment, in particular to a descaling device. The device is used for descaling a pipeline, the pipeline is provided with an opening, the descaling device comprises a traction mechanism and a descaling mechanism; the descaling mechanism comprises a scale breaking unit, a scale crushing unit and a scale cleaning unit which are sequentially connected in the axial direction of the pipeline through flexible connecting pieces; the outer periphery of the scale breaking unit and the scale crushing unit is provided with cutters for cutting and peeling; the scale breaking unit and the scale crushing unit both have hollow channels; the scale cleaning unit has a sealing surface which is adapted to the cross section of the pipeline, so as to push the scale to move in the axial direction; the power output end of the traction mechanism is detachably connected with the scale breaking unit through a flexible connecting piece. The scheme provided by the application drives the scale breaking unit, the scale crushing unit and the scale cleaning unit to work cooperatively in the axial direction of the pipeline through the traction mechanism, effectively implements the cutting, peeling, crushing and discharging work on hard scale, and can adapt to complex working conditions such as curved pipes and buried sections.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of descaling equipment technology, and more particularly to a descaling device. Background Technology

[0002] In wastewater treatment systems connected to marine discharge pipelines, wastewater discharged from industrial facilities mixes with the surrounding water. Metal ions such as calcium and magnesium ions react chemically with acid ions such as sulfate and carbonate ions, forming insoluble salts. These substances continuously deposit on the inner walls of the pipelines, gradually forming a large-area, thick, hard scale layer. This scale layer has high hardness and strong adhesion. As operating time increases, the effective flow cross-section of the pipeline significantly shrinks, leading to a sharp increase in fluid resistance, abnormally high operating pressure in the pumping system, and prolonged overload of the pumps. This results in a continuous decrease in wastewater flow rate, severely interfering with the stable operation and treatment efficiency of the marine discharge system. Chemical cleaning methods face difficulties in practical applications, failing to completely decompose the dense scale layer. Repeated rinsing is required, significantly increasing chemical consumption and operating costs. Furthermore, residual chemicals may enter the receiving water body, causing secondary environmental pollution. Mechanical cleaning equipment, such as shield tunneling robots, is ineffective in offshore pipelines, primarily due to limitations in pipeline manufacturing processes. The cross-sections of these pipelines are often non-circular, and welded joints exhibit misalignment, resulting in irregular pipe wall surfaces. During equipment movement, rigid cutting tools are prone to unexpected collisions with protrusions or depressions in the pipe wall, leading to tool damage or equipment malfunction. Furthermore, the complex structures of pipeline systems, including bends and underground sections, prevent existing rigid equipment from flexibly adapting to changes in pipeline geometry, limiting its operational range and hindering continuous, efficient cleaning of the entire pipeline. This results in low cleaning coverage and insufficient efficiency. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To overcome the problems existing in related technologies, this application provides a descaling device that drives the descaling unit, the scale breaking unit, and the slag removal unit to work together along the pipeline axis through a traction mechanism, effectively cutting, peeling, crushing, and discharging hard scale, while being adaptable to complex working conditions such as bends and buried sections.

[0004] This application provides a descaling device for descaling pipelines, wherein the pipelines are provided with openings, and the descaling device includes a traction mechanism and a descaling mechanism;

[0005] The traction mechanism drives the descaling mechanism to move axially along the pipeline through the opening;

[0006] The descaling mechanism includes a descaling unit, a scale breaking unit, and a slag removal unit arranged sequentially along the pipeline axis. The descaling unit, scale breaking unit, and slag removal unit are detachably connected by a flexible connector. The outer periphery of the descaling unit and the scale breaking unit are provided with cutting and peeling blades, and both the descaling unit and the scale breaking unit have hollow channels. The slag removal unit has a sealing surface adapted to the cross-section of the pipeline to push the scale and slag to move axially.

[0007] The power output end of the traction mechanism is detachably connected to the descaling unit via a flexible connector.

[0008] In some embodiments, the flexible connector includes several sections of steel rope, with shackles at both ends of the steel rope.

[0009] In some embodiments, the traction mechanism integrates a torque sensor for monitoring the output torque of the traction mechanism and adjusting the number of steel rope segments between the descaling unit, the scale breaking unit, and the slag removal unit based on the output torque, so as to control the timing of the scale breaking unit and the slag removal unit entering the pipeline.

[0010] In some embodiments, the traction mechanism includes a drive rod and two symmetrically distributed hydraulic cylinders; the hydraulic cylinders are fixed to the outer periphery of the pipe by a bracket, and the axial direction of the hydraulic cylinders is consistent with the axial direction of the pipe; the opening has a semi-cylindrical structure; the drive rod spans the opening radially along the pipe, and the two ends of the drive rod are respectively connected to the output end of a hydraulic cylinder, and the middle of the drive rod is provided with a mounting lug for connecting the shackle; the length of the steel rope is adapted to the driving stroke of the hydraulic cylinder.

[0011] In some embodiments, a slag discharge mechanism is also included; the slag discharge mechanism includes a lever, a hinge seat, a bucket, and a hoist; the hinge seat is arranged axially along the outer periphery of the pipe, and one end is located at the opening; the lever is hinged to the end of the hinge seat located at the opening; the bucket has a semi-cylindrical shell structure, the bucket is embedded in the pipe, and its outer diameter is adapted to the inner diameter of the pipe; the bucket is connected to the middle of the lever by an iron chain; the hoist is fixed to the ground, and the output end of the hoist is connected to the lever to drive the lever to rotate around the hinge point to lift the bucket.

[0012] In some embodiments, the scale-breaking unit includes a blade holder; the blade holder is a hollow cylindrical structure with two connecting beams arranged radially inside, the two connecting beams being located at the two axial ends of the blade holder respectively, one connecting beam being used to connect the traction mechanism, and the other being used to connect the scale-breaking unit; two sets of scale-breaking components are arranged axially on the outer periphery of the blade holder, each set of scale-breaking components including 6 blades evenly distributed circumferentially.

[0013] In some embodiments, the scale-breaking unit includes a first scale-breaking blade disc, a second scale-breaking blade disc, a third scale-breaking blade disc, and a fourth scale-breaking blade disc that are detachably connected in sequence via flexible connectors; the number of blades on the first scale-breaking blade disc, the second scale-breaking blade disc, the third scale-breaking blade disc, and the fourth scale-breaking blade disc increases sequentially; the first scale-breaking blade disc is connected to the scale-breaking unit, and the fourth scale-breaking blade disc is connected to the slag-cleaning unit.

[0014] In some embodiments, the outer periphery of the first scale-dissolving blade disc is provided with two sets of first cutting components along the axial direction, each set of first cutting components including 6 blades evenly distributed along the circumference; the outer periphery of the second scale-dissolving blade disc is provided with two sets of second cutting components along the axial direction, each set of second cutting components including 12 blades evenly distributed along the circumference; the outer periphery of the third scale-dissolving blade disc is provided with two sets of third cutting components along the axial direction, each set of third cutting components including 16 blades evenly distributed along the circumference; and the outer periphery of the fourth scale-dissolving blade disc is provided with two sets of fourth cutting components along the axial direction, each set of fourth cutting components including 24 blades evenly distributed along the circumference.

[0015] In some embodiments, the slag removal unit includes a first tray and a second tray, the first tray and the second tray being detachably connected by a flexible connector;

[0016] The first tray includes two symmetrically arranged first semicircular plates, which are fixedly connected by a first connecting post. One of the first semicircular plates is connected to the descaling unit, and the other first semicircular plate is connected to the second tray.

[0017] The second tray includes a second semicircular plate and a circular plate. The second semicircular plate and the circular plate are fixedly connected by a second connecting post. The second semicircular plate is connected to the first tray. The outer diameters of the first semicircular plate, the second semicircular plate, and the circular plate are adapted to the inner diameter of the pipe.

[0018] In some embodiments, the cutting tool includes a plate; the plate has a cutting edge on the side near the traction mechanism; the plate has a first cutting tip and a second cutting tip on the end face facing the inner wall of the pipe; the first cutting tip is close to the traction mechanism and smoothly transitions with the cutting edge; the second cutting tip is away from the traction mechanism, and both ends of the second cutting tip have cutting edges.

[0019] The technical solution provided in this application may include the following beneficial effects:

[0020] The descaling device provided in this application is used for descaling pipelines. The pipeline has an opening, and a traction mechanism drives the descaling mechanism to move axially along the pipeline through this opening. This allows the blades installed in the descaling unit to cut the hard scale layer adhering to the inner wall of the pipeline. During the cutting process, the blades impact and squeeze, forcing large pieces of hard scale to peel off from the inner wall of the pipeline. The blades in the scale-breaking unit further break the large pieces of hard scale into smaller pieces as they follow the device's movement, and then perform a secondary cutting and peeling of the remaining hard scale layer adhering to the inner wall of the pipeline. Subsequently, the sealing surface of the slag-removing unit blocks the small pieces of hard scale, pushing them along with the slag-removing unit, and finally discharging them out of the pipeline through the opening. The descaling unit, scale-breaking unit, and slag-removing unit are detachably connected by flexible connectors. This allows for flexible turning of each unit within the pipeline, adapting to the curved ends of the pipeline, and also allows for adjustment of the entry time of each unit into the pipeline by adjusting the length of the flexible connectors, ensuring stable operation of the descaling mechanism. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The above and other objects, features and advantages of this application will become more apparent from the more detailed description of exemplary embodiments thereof in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals generally represent the same components in the exemplary embodiments thereof.

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the descaling device shown in the embodiments of this application;

[0023] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the assembly of the traction mechanism and the descaling mechanism shown in the embodiments of this application;

[0024] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the descaling mechanism shown in the embodiments of this application;

[0025] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the traction mechanism shown in the embodiments of this application;

[0026] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the slag discharge mechanism shown in the embodiments of this application;

[0027] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the descaling unit shown in an embodiment of this application;

[0028] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first descaling disc shown in an embodiment of this application;

[0029] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second descaling disc shown in an embodiment of this application;

[0030] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the third descaling disc shown in the embodiments of this application;

[0031] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the fourth descaling disc shown in the embodiments of this application;

[0032] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first tray shown in an embodiment of this application;

[0033] Figure 12 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the second tray shown in an embodiment of this application;

[0034] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cutting tool shown in the embodiment of this application.

[0035] Figure label:

[0036] 1. Pipe; 10. Opening;

[0037] 2. Traction mechanism; 20. Drive rod; 21. Hydraulic cylinder;

[0038] 3. Descaling mechanism; 30. Descaling unit; 300. Blade holder; 301. Connecting beam; 31. Descaling unit; 310. First descaling blade; 311. Second descaling blade; 312. Third descaling blade; 313. Fourth descaling blade; 32. Sludge removal unit; 320. First tray; 321. Second tray; 33. Blade; 330. Plate; 331. Blade edge; 332. First blade tip; 333. Second blade tip;

[0039] 4. Flexible connectors;

[0040] 5. Slag discharge mechanism; 50. Lever; 51. Hinge seat; 52. Bucket. Detailed Implementation

[0041] Preferred embodiments of the present application will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While preferred embodiments of the present application are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the present application may be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make the present application more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present application to those skilled in the art.

[0042] The terminology used in this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. The singular forms “a,” “the,” and “the” used in this application and the appended claims are also intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and includes any or all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0043] In traditional wastewater treatment systems connected to marine discharge pipelines, metal ions and acid radicals in the water easily form insoluble salts, resulting in a large-area, thick layer of hard scale on the inner wall of the pipes. This scale layer is highly hard and adheres strongly, causing a sharp reduction in the effective flow cross-sectional area of ​​the pipes. This leads to abnormally high operating pressure in the pumping system, pumps operating under overload conditions for extended periods, and a significant decrease in wastewater flow rate, ultimately severely disrupting the stable operation and treatment efficiency of the marine discharge system. Chemical cleaning methods for removing this scale layer suffer from drawbacks, such as difficulty in achieving sufficient penetration and decomposition, requiring repeated rinsing operations. This not only significantly increases the cost of chemical reagents but also causes secondary pollution of the receiving water body due to residual chemicals. Mechanical cleaning equipment often has non-circular cross-sections due to limitations in the manufacturing process of marine discharge pipelines, and welded joints often exhibit misalignment, making it easy for cutting tools to collide unexpectedly with the pipe wall and become damaged. Furthermore, the curved and buried sections of the pipeline system make existing rigid equipment unable to adapt to complex geometries, limiting the operating range and hindering continuous and efficient cleaning of the entire pipeline.

[0044] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application proposes a descaling device that can drive a scale breaking unit, a scale crushing unit, and a slag removal unit to work together along the pipeline axis via a traction mechanism, effectively cutting, peeling, crushing, and discharging hard scale, while also being adaptable to complex working conditions such as bends and buried sections.

[0045] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0046] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the descaling device shown in the embodiments of this application.

[0047] See Figures 1-3 This application provides a descaling device for descaling a pipe 1, which has an opening 10.

[0048] The descaling device includes a traction mechanism 2 and a descaling mechanism 3, wherein the traction mechanism 2 drives the descaling mechanism 3 to move axially along the pipe 1 through an opening 10. The descaling mechanism 3 includes a descaling unit 30, a scale-breaking unit 31, and a slag-removing unit 32 arranged sequentially along the axial direction of the pipe 1. The descaling unit 30, scale-breaking unit 31, and slag-removing unit 32 are detachably connected by a flexible connector 4. The outer periphery of the descaling unit 30 and the scale-breaking unit 31 is provided with cutting and peeling blades 33, and both the descaling unit 30 and the scale-breaking unit 31 have hollow channels. The slag-removing unit 32 has a sealing surface adapted to the cross-section of the pipe 1 to push the scale and slag axially. The power output end of the traction mechanism 2 is detachably connected to the descaling unit 30 through the flexible connector 4.

[0049] Specifically, the discharge pipeline is generally a steel structure pipeline 1, a fixed facility with a length spanning from hundreds to thousands of meters. Therefore, in actual descaling operations, an efficient method is to segment the pipeline and open several openings 10 on the pipeline 1. This facilitates the deployment of the descaling mechanism 3 and provides a channel for the power transmission of the traction mechanism 2. The traction mechanism 2 is used to drive the descaling mechanism 3 to move axially within the pipeline 1. The traction mechanism 2 can be driven by a winch or hydraulically. When using a winch, a fixed pulley can be installed at the opening 10. The flexible connector 4 passes around the fixed pulley and connects to the descaling mechanism 3. The fixed pulley is installed at the axial position of the pipeline 1 to avoid lateral forces and prevent the cutter 33 from colliding with the pipeline 1. When using hydraulic drive, the power output of the hydraulic system can also be connected to the descaling mechanism 3 through the fixed pulley. Since the hydraulic system is a reciprocating motion mode, the flexible connector 4 can be designed as a multi-segment structure to adapt to the motion characteristics of the hydraulic system, thereby achieving the dragging forward of the descaling mechanism 3.

[0050] The descaling mechanism 3, comprising the descaling unit 30, the scale-breaking unit 31, and the slag-removing unit 32, is adapted to the shape of the pipe 1. During its axial movement along the pipe 1, the blades 33 directly act on the hard scale on the inner wall of the pipe 1, achieving cutting, peeling, and breaking up the hard scale layer. The blades 33 installed in the descaling unit 30 and the scale-breaking unit 31 are configured to directly contact and cut the hard scale on the inner wall of the pipe 1. During its movement, they cut the hard scale layer adhering to the inner wall of the pipe 1 into several scale pieces arranged axially, the shape of which resembles an arc plate. While cutting the hard scale layer, the blades 33 utilize their own thickness to compress the axially arranged scale pieces, thereby forcing the scale pieces to peel off from the inner wall of the pipe, thus forming large pieces of hard scale. The blades 33 can be made of high-hardness alloy steel, and have cutting edges for cutting and cutting tips for compressing and peeling. The blades 33 of the scale-breaking unit 30 precisely cut the hard scale. Since the hard scale adhering to the inner wall of the discharge pipe is generally a sparingly soluble metal salt, it has a certain degree of difficulty and adhesion strength. The blade thickness of the blade 33 can be set to 2-4 cm. The thickness of the blade 33 compresses the hard scale on both sides, forcing it to peel off from the pipe wall and form large pieces of hard scale. The large pieces of hard scale that fall to the front end of the scale-breaking unit 30 are simultaneously pushed forward. During the pushing process, the friction between the hard scale pieces themselves allows the blades 33 to cut into the large pieces of hard scale for further breaking. The large pieces of hard scale that fall off the outer periphery slide down to the rear end of the scale-breaking unit 30 by gravity. Some of the large pieces of hard scale that accumulate at the front end of the scale-breaking unit 30 are transported to the front end of the scale-crushing unit 31 through the hollow channel of the scale-breaking unit 30. The blades 33 of the scale-breaking unit 31 serve two functions: first, they break large pieces of hard scale entering the front end of the scale-breaking unit 31 into smaller pieces, which are then transported to the front end of the slag-cleaning unit 32 through its internal hollow structure; second, they further cut the hard scale layer still attached to the inner wall of the pipe 1 and squeeze the hard scale layers on both sides, forcing the hard scale layer to detach from the inner wall of the pipe 1. The principle is similar to that of the scale-breaking unit 30, except that the scale-breaking unit 30 has a higher blade distribution density. The slag-cleaning unit 32 is equipped with a sealing surface with a gap of ≤0.5mm between the inner walls of the pipe 1, which can effectively block small pieces of hard scale, push them to move synchronously with the descaling mechanism 3, and finally discharge them through the opening 10 of the pipe 1.

[0051] In a preferred embodiment, the blades 33 of the descaling unit 30 and the scale-breaking unit 31 adopt a detachable connection structure, facilitating quick replacement of the blades 33 and adapting to the needs of pipes 1 with different diameters and daily maintenance operations. Furthermore, the blades 33 can also be elastically connected via high-strength spring sheets to achieve dynamic fine-tuning of the cutting line, thereby adapting to pipes 1 with non-circular cross-sections and effectively reducing cutting damage to the inner wall of the pipe 1. Specifically, the elasticity of the high-strength spring sheets can be set in the range of 20N to 60N. This elasticity value ensures that the blades 33, through the synergistic action of the cutting edge 331 and the blade tip, stably penetrate deep into the hard scale layer, reducing hard scratches on the inner wall of the pipe 1.

[0052] In this embodiment, by modularizing the descaling mechanism 3 into a scale-breaking unit 30, a scale-crushing unit 31, and a sludge-removing unit 32, and configuring a traction mechanism 2 to drive it to move axially along the pipeline 1, it can effectively deal with the hard and large scale layer in the sewage discharge pipeline 1. This device achieves the cutting, peeling, crushing, and removal of the hard scale layer mechanically, avoiding the secondary pollution and high cost problems caused by chemical agents. At the same time, through modular flexible design, axial traction drive, and non-rotational descaling operation, it can adapt to complex pipeline conditions such as non-circular sections, bends, and buried sections, achieving efficient descaling of the entire pipeline 1, significantly reducing pumping pressure, and restoring the transport flow rate.

[0053] Furthermore, the flexible connector 4 includes several sections of steel rope, and the two ends of the steel rope are provided with buckles.

[0054] Specifically, the flexible connector 4 is used to connect the traction mechanism 2, the scale breaking unit 30, the scale fragmentation unit 31, and the slag removal unit 32 in the descaling device, realizing the transmission of tension, relative position constraint, and steering adaptation between the units. The detachable design meets the needs of rapid assembly, disassembly, and maintenance of the descaling device, and allows for flexible adjustment of unit configuration and working distance between units according to actual operating scenarios. The flexible connector 4 can be made of steel rope, which has high tensile strength (e.g., galvanized steel rope) and moderate flexibility. It can stably transmit the traction force of the traction mechanism 2 and adapt to the steering requirements of slightly curved sections within the pipeline 1, ensuring smooth movement of the descaling mechanism 3 in non-linear paths. The design of connecting the steel rope in segments using shackles allows for dynamic adjustment of the connection length: during on-site operation, the spacing between each functional unit can be precisely adjusted by increasing or decreasing the number of steel rope segments, thereby controlling the coordinated rhythm of the scale breaking unit 30, scale fragmentation unit 31, and slag removal unit 32, or matching the operating range according to the actual length of the pipeline 1. During actual operation, the timing of each unit entering pipe 1 can be adjusted according to the output torque monitored by the torque sensor to reduce friction and avoid jamming. High-strength bow-shaped shackles can be selected, and their plug-and-play operation allows for quick assembly and disassembly, effectively improving the efficiency and flexibility of field operations.

[0055] Furthermore, the traction mechanism 2 integrates a torque sensor, which is used to monitor the output torque of the traction mechanism 2 and adjust the number of steel rope segments between the scale breaking unit 30, the scale fragmentation unit 31 and the slag removal unit 32 based on the output torque, so as to control the timing of the scale fragmentation unit 31 and the slag removal unit 32 entering the pipeline 1.

[0056] Specifically, the torque sensor is connected to a programmable logic controller (PLC) or microcontroller to receive real-time torque data transmitted by the force sensor. The torque sensor monitors the output torque of the traction mechanism 2, and its function is to acquire the torque information borne by the traction mechanism 2 when driving the descaling mechanism 3 to move in real time. This torque information directly reflects the magnitude of the resistance encountered by the descaling mechanism 3 when moving in the pipeline 1, thereby indirectly characterizing the hardness and thickness of the scale in the pipeline 1 and the progress of descaling. Based on the output torque, the operator determines whether the current working conditions are suitable for attaching the scale-breaking unit 31 and the slag-removing unit 32. For example, when the traction mechanism 2 is only pulling the scale-breaking unit 30 to work in the pipeline 1, and the detected torque is below the threshold, the scale-breaking unit 31 can be attached when the scale-breaking unit 30 has traveled more than half of its distance in the pipeline 1; after the scale-breaking unit 30 is loaded and unloaded from the opening 10, the slag-removing unit 32 can be attached simultaneously.

[0057] Understandably, the timing of deployment of the descaling unit 30, the scale fragmentation unit 31, and the slag removal unit 32 can be dynamically adjusted based on the pipe diameter, scale characteristics, and traction system parameters. When the pipe diameter of pipe 1 is ≥ DN800 and the scale hardness is ≤ HV600, the descaling unit 30 travels along the axial direction of pipe 1 to 50%-60% of the length of the descaling section, and the output torque of the traction mechanism 2 is stable at the preset threshold. At this time, the scale fragmentation unit 31 is attached through the initial opening 10. When the descaling unit 30 approaches the target opening 10 and is disassembled and retrieved from the opening 10, the slag removal unit 32 is attached simultaneously. At this time, the traction mechanism 2 switches to traction of the scale fragmentation unit 31 and the slag removal unit 32 to continue to complete the remaining descaling operation. This strategy can reduce the traction load of the low-resistance section and reduce the output power. If the diameter of pipe 1 is ≤ DN500 and the output torque redundancy of traction mechanism 2 is ≥ 40%, a synchronous deployment strategy can be adopted: the scale breaking unit 30, scale fragmentation unit 31 and slag removal unit 32 are pre-assembled into a whole through flexible connector 4 and deployed into pipe 1 at one time; at this time, because the pipe diameter is small, the friction between the unit assembly and the inner wall of pipe 1 can be completely covered by the traction torque, and there is no need to consider the load balance problem of segmented deployment, which can greatly improve the work efficiency.

[0058] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the traction mechanism 2 shown in the embodiment of this application.

[0059] Furthermore, the traction mechanism 2 includes a drive rod 20 and two symmetrically distributed hydraulic cylinders 21; the hydraulic cylinders 21 are fixed to the outer periphery of the pipe 1 by a bracket, and the axial direction of the hydraulic cylinders 21 is consistent with the axial direction of the pipe 1; the opening 10 has a semi-cylindrical structure; the drive rod 20 spans the opening 10 radially along the pipe 1, and the two ends of the drive rod 20 are respectively connected to the output end of a hydraulic cylinder 21, and the middle of the drive rod 20 is provided with a mounting lug for connecting the shackle; the length of the steel rope is adapted to the driving stroke of the hydraulic cylinder 21.

[0060] Specifically, hydraulic cylinder 21 provides a stable, continuous, and precisely adjustable linear thrust. The thrust of hydraulic cylinder 21 is selected based on the pipe diameter and scale characteristics. Two hydraulic cylinders 21 are symmetrically distributed radially along pipe 1, ensuring the balance of the traction force and avoiding eccentric torque on pipe 1 or descaling mechanism 3, thereby ensuring smooth axial movement of descaling mechanism 3 within pipe 1. Hydraulic cylinder 21 is securely fixed to the outer periphery of pipe 1 by brackets. The brackets can be clamped, welded, or other mechanical connections to provide stable reaction force support points, ensuring that the thrust of hydraulic cylinder 21 can be effectively converted into traction force for descaling mechanism 3. The axial direction of hydraulic cylinder 21 is aligned with the axial direction of pipe 1 to maximize traction efficiency, reduce energy loss, and ensure precise matching of the traction force direction with the movement direction of descaling mechanism 3.

[0061] The descaling device operates as follows, driven by hydraulic cylinder 21:

[0062] (1) According to the construction drawings, two openings 10 are made on the outer periphery of the pipe 1 in sections (the spacing is the length of the descaling section, usually 50~100m).

[0063] (2) Install traction mechanism 2 at the initial opening 10 (drop end): fix two symmetrical hydraulic cylinders 21 to the outer periphery of the pipe 1 through the bracket, and ensure that the axis of the hydraulic cylinder 21 is parallel to the axis of the pipe 1; drive rod 20 spans the opening 10, connects the output ends of the hydraulic cylinder 21 at both ends, and the middle mounting ear is aligned with the axis of the pipe 1.

[0064] (3) Use a pneumatic rope threader, a pipe rope threading robot or a hydraulic rope threading machine to thread multiple sections of steel rope. One end of the steel rope is fixed to the mounting ear of the drive rod 20, and the other end passes through the pipe 1 to reach the target opening 10. Use a small hoist to slowly put the descaling unit 30 into the starting opening 10. Connect the front end buckle of the descaling unit 30 to the end of the steel rope and check the reliability of the connection. At the same time, the rear end buckle of the descaling unit 30 is connected to the steel rope of the pipe length.

[0065] (4) Start the hydraulic cylinder 21, drive the rod 20 to extend 1m along the pipe 1 axis, and drag the scale breaking unit 30 forward 1m. During the forward movement, the blade 33 of the scale breaking unit 30 cuts into the hard scale and begins to peel off large pieces of hard scale.

[0066] (5) After the hydraulic cylinder 21 extends 1m, stop the hydraulic cylinder 21, activate the hydraulic lock and mechanical lock to fix the drive rod 20, then loosen the shackle at the mounting ear of the drive rod 20, remove the first section of steel rope with a length of 1m, and then fix the end of the remaining steel rope to the mounting ear of the drive rod 20 with the shackle again, and unlock the mechanical lock.

[0067] (6) Repeat step (5) until the descaling unit 30 has traveled more than halfway;

[0068] (7) Read the torque sensor data through the PLC system. If the torque is stable within the preset range, then release the scale breaking unit 31.

[0069] (8) Use a crane to put the scale breaking unit 31 into the starting opening 10, and connect its front end shackle to the steel rope at the rear end of the scale breaking unit 30;

[0070] (9) Start the hydraulic cylinder 21, and the drive rod 20 extends another 1m, dragging the scale breaking unit 30 and the scale fragmentation unit 31 forward 1m;

[0071] (10) Repeat step (5) to remove the corresponding steel rope sections one by one;

[0072] (11) Deploy the slag removal unit 32 and connect the steel cable at the rear end of the scale breaking unit 31; at this time, the slag removal unit 32 begins to push the small pieces of hard scale toward the target opening 10;

[0073] (12) Repeat the process of driving, locking and removing the steel rope by hydraulic cylinder 21 until the front end of the descaling unit 30 reaches 1-5m in front of the target opening 10;

[0074] (13) When the front end of the descaling unit 30 reaches the target opening 10, stop the hydraulic cylinder 21, disconnect the steel cable connection, lift the descaling unit 30, and then clean up the scale that has been pushed to the opening 10.

[0075] (14) When the front end of the scale breaking unit 31 reaches the target opening 10, stop the hydraulic cylinder 21, disconnect the steel cable connection, lift the scale breaking unit 31, and then clean up the scale that has been pushed to the opening 10.

[0076] (15) When the front end of the slag removal unit 32 reaches the target opening 10, stop the hydraulic cylinder 21, disconnect the steel cable connection, lift the slag removal unit 32, and then clean the scale and slag pushed to the opening 10.

[0077] (16) Clean the edge of opening 10 and weld opening 10.

[0078] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the slag discharge mechanism 5 shown in the embodiments of this application.

[0079] Furthermore, the descaling device also includes a slag discharge mechanism 5; the slag discharge mechanism 5 includes a lever 50, a hinge seat 51, a bucket 52, and a hoist; the hinge seat 51 is axially arranged on the outer periphery of the pipe 1, and one end is located at the opening 10; the lever 50 is hinged to the end of the hinge seat 51 located at the opening 10; the bucket 52 is a semi-cylindrical shell structure, the bucket 52 is embedded in the pipe 1, and its outer diameter is adapted to the inner diameter of the pipe 1; the bucket 52 is connected to the middle of the lever 50 by an iron chain; the hoist is fixed on the ground, and the output end of the hoist is connected to the lever 50 to drive the lever 50 to rotate around the hinge point to lift the bucket 52.

[0080] During operation, the slag discharge mechanism 5 is installed at the target opening 10. When the scale breaking unit 30, scale crushing unit 31 and slag cleaning unit 32 arrive at the target opening 10 in sequence, the scale is pushed into the bucket 52. The hinged structure of the fixed beam and lever 50, together with the lifting mechanism, can lift the bucket 52 containing hard scale out from the opening 10 of the pipe 1, thereby timely and thoroughly discharging the residue in the pipe 1.

[0081] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the descaling unit 30 shown in an embodiment of this application.

[0082] Furthermore, the scale-breaking unit 30 includes a blade holder 300; the blade holder 300 is a hollow cylindrical structure, with two connecting beams 301 arranged radially inside, the two connecting beams 301 being located at the two axial ends of the blade holder 300 respectively, one connecting beam 301 being used to connect the traction mechanism 2, and the other being used to connect the scale-breaking unit 31; two sets of scale-breaking components are arranged axially on the outer periphery of the blade holder 300, each set of scale-breaking components including 6 blades 33 evenly distributed circumferentially.

[0083] Specifically, the scale-breaking unit 30 uses a hollow cylindrical tool holder 300 as its main body. The tool holder 300 can be made of a short steel pipe, and its axial length can be adapted according to the pipe diameter. For example, when the pipe diameter is 1m, its axial length can be set to 0.3~0.6m. The short steel pipe can provide a passage for fluid and scale in the pipe 1, allowing large pieces of hard scale that have accumulated excessively at the front end of the scale-breaking unit 30 to fall into the rear end of the scale-breaking unit 30 through the hollow passage, thereby reducing the amount of scale accumulated at the front end of the scale-breaking unit 30 and avoiding the problem of blockage. Two connecting beams 301 arranged radially inside the tool holder 300 are located at both ends of the scale-breaking tool holder 300. The connecting beams 301 are used to connect the traction mechanism 2 and the scale-breaking unit 31. In addition, the two sets of scale-breaking components arranged axially on the outer periphery of the scale-breaking knife holder 300 each contain 6 blades 33 evenly distributed circumferentially, that is, one blade 33 is distributed at 60° intervals, so that when the scale-breaking unit 30 moves along the axial direction of the pipe 1, it can cut the hard scale layer on the inner wall of the pipe 1 into 6 equal parts and peel it off under the pressure of the blades 33.

[0084] Based on the above specific implementation method, the single linear peeling operation of the descaling unit 30 is limited by the cutting width of the tool 33 and the toughness of the scale layer, making it difficult to complete the full-area peeling of the hard scale layer on the inner wall of the pipe 1 in one go. Therefore, please refer to... Figures 7-10 This application also proposes that the scale-breaking unit 31 includes a first scale-breaking blade disc 310, a second scale-breaking blade disc 311, a third scale-breaking blade disc 312, and a fourth scale-breaking blade disc 313, which are detachably connected in sequence by a flexible connector 4; the number of blades 33 of the first scale-breaking blade disc 310, the second scale-breaking blade disc 311, the third scale-breaking blade disc 312, and the fourth scale-breaking blade disc 313 increases sequentially; the first scale-breaking blade disc 310 is connected to the scale-breaking unit 30, and the fourth scale-breaking blade disc 313 is connected to the slag-cleaning unit 32.

[0085] Specifically, the main structures of the first scale-breaking cutter disc 310, the second scale-breaking cutter disc 311, the third scale-breaking cutter disc 312, and the fourth scale-breaking cutter disc 313 are the same as those of the cutter holder 300 of the scale-breaking unit 30, but the number and layout of the cutters 33 differ. If the scale-breaking unit 30 fails to remove the hard scale layer on the inner wall of the pipe 1, it can be cut into smaller pieces by the cutters 33 of the first scale-breaking cutter disc 310 for further extrusion and removal. The operating principle of the four sets of cutters is the same as that of the first scale-breaking cutter disc 310, all achieving fragmentation and removal through the mechanical action of the cutters 33 and the hard scale. Under this setting, a layered removal operation is achieved, forming a layered scale-breaking and removal logic of coarse, medium, fine, and final fragmentation, effectively covering various hard scale forms remaining in the scale-breaking unit 30, ensuring that the overall removal rate of the hard scale layer on the inner wall of the pipe 1 is ≥98%.

[0086] Furthermore, the first scale-breaking blade disc 310 has two sets of first cutting components arranged axially along its outer periphery, each set of first cutting components including 6 blades 33 evenly distributed circumferentially; the second scale-breaking blade disc 311 has two sets of second cutting components arranged axially along its outer periphery, each set of second cutting components including 12 blades 33 evenly distributed circumferentially; the third scale-breaking blade disc 312 has two sets of third cutting components arranged axially along its outer periphery, each set of third cutting components including 16 blades 33 evenly distributed circumferentially; and the fourth scale-breaking blade disc 313 has two sets of fourth cutting components arranged axially along its outer periphery, each set of fourth cutting components including 24 blades 33 evenly distributed circumferentially.

[0087] Furthermore, such as Figure 11 and Figure 12 As shown, the slag removal unit 32 includes a first tray 320 and a second tray 321, and the first tray 320 and the second tray 321 are detachably connected by a flexible connector 4.

[0088] The first tray 320 includes two symmetrically arranged first semicircular plates, which are fixedly connected by a first connecting post. One of the first semicircular plates is connected to the descaling unit 31, and the other first semicircular plate is connected to the second tray 321.

[0089] The second tray 321 includes a second semicircular plate and a circular plate. The second semicircular plate and the circular plate are fixedly connected by a second connecting post. The second semicircular plate is connected to the first tray 320. The outer diameters of the first semicircular plate, the second semicircular plate and the circular plate are adapted to the inner diameter of the pipe 1.

[0090] Specifically, the first tray 320 adopts a structural design of two first semicircular plates and an axial connecting column. The arc surfaces of the two first semicircular plates fit the inner wall of the pipe 1 and can move axially with the descaling mechanism 3 to drag the granular scale produced by the scale breaking unit 31 forward along the axial direction of the pipe 1. When the scale accumulation at the front end exceeds the upper limit of the tray's capacity, the excess scale can overflow backward through the top of the two semicircular plates, avoiding the slag cleaning unit 32 from getting stuck and blocked due to excessive accumulation at the front end.

[0091] The second tray 321 adopts a composite structure of a front semi-circular plate, a rear full-circular plate, and an axial connecting column: the front semi-circular plate continues the sludge removal function of the first tray 320, receiving the scale overflowing from the first tray 320 and continuing to transport it forward; the rear full-circular plate forms the end cleaning surface, which can thoroughly scrape away the fine scale residue remaining on the inner wall of the pipe 1 and carry it out with the movement of the tray; when too much scale accumulates, it can be diverted to the rear through the hollow area at the top of the semi-circular plate, further improving the anti-clogging ability of the cleaning unit 32.

[0092] In this embodiment, the pre-dragging of the first tray 320 and the scraping of the second tray 321 achieve a dynamic balance between active dragging and passive overflow, which ensures the efficient removal of large particles of scale and avoids the risk of jamming. The end scraping function of the full circular plate completely solves the problem of fine scale residue, increasing the scale removal rate of the inner wall of the pipe 1 to more than 95%.

[0093] Furthermore, such as Figure 13 As shown, the cutting tool 33 includes a plate body 330; the plate body 330 is provided with a cutting edge 331 on the side near the traction mechanism 2; the end face of the plate body 330 facing the inner wall of the pipe 1 is provided with a first cutting tip 332 and a second cutting tip 333; the first cutting tip 332 is close to the traction mechanism 2 and smoothly transitions with the cutting edge 331; the second cutting tip 333 is away from the traction mechanism 2, and both ends of the second cutting tip 333 are provided with cutting edges.

[0094] Specifically, the plate 330 serves as the supporting base for the cutter 33, and its material can be H13 hot work die steel. A straight cutting edge 331 is provided on the side of the plate 330 near the traction mechanism 2. The cutting edge angle of the cutting edge 331 can be set to 55°, and the cutting edge radius is 0.1mm. This cutting edge 331 can cut into the hard scale layer on the inner wall of the pipe 1 through the axial traction force of the traction mechanism 2 using a shearing effect, thereby shearing the annular hard scale layer on the inner wall into several arc-shaped plates along the axial direction. The first cutting tip 332 adopts a rounded transition design, ensuring that after axial cutting by the cutting edge 331, the first cutting tip 332 can smoothly extrude and peel off along the cutting seam, effectively avoiding the problem of local breakage caused by the first cutting tip 332 directly impacting the hard scale layer, and significantly reducing the force loss during the extrusion process. The second cutting tip 333, acting as a synergist, pushes the hard scale to both sides in a direction perpendicular to the axis of the pipe 1, causing the hard scale to undergo bending strain under its own structural strength, and finally peeling it off from the inner wall of the pipe 1.

[0095] The various embodiments of this application have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein is chosen to best explain the principles, practical application, or improvement of the technology in the market, or to enable others skilled in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A descaling device for descaling pipes, wherein the pipes are provided with openings, characterized in that, The descaling device includes a traction mechanism and a descaling mechanism; The traction mechanism drives the descaling mechanism to move axially along the pipeline through the opening; The descaling mechanism includes a descaling unit, a scale breaking unit, and a slag removal unit arranged sequentially along the pipeline axis. The descaling unit, scale breaking unit, and slag removal unit are detachably connected by a flexible connector. The outer periphery of the descaling unit and the scale breaking unit are provided with cutting and peeling blades, and both the descaling unit and the scale breaking unit have hollow channels. The slag removal unit has a sealing surface adapted to the cross-section of the pipeline to push the scale and slag to move axially. The power output end of the traction mechanism is detachably connected to the descaling unit via a flexible connector; The scale breaking unit includes a blade holder; the blade holder is a hollow cylindrical structure with two connecting beams arranged radially inside, the two connecting beams being located at the two ends of the blade holder's axial direction respectively, one connecting beam being used to connect the traction mechanism, and the other being used to connect the scale breaking unit; two sets of scale breaking components are arranged axially on the outer periphery of the blade holder, each set of scale breaking components including 6 blades evenly distributed circumferentially. The scale-breaking unit includes a first scale-breaking blade disc, a second scale-breaking blade disc, a third scale-breaking blade disc, and a fourth scale-breaking blade disc that are detachably connected in sequence via flexible connectors; the number of blades on the first scale-breaking blade disc, the second scale-breaking blade disc, the third scale-breaking blade disc, and the fourth scale-breaking blade disc increases sequentially; the first scale-breaking blade disc is connected to the scale-breaking unit, and the fourth scale-breaking blade disc is connected to the sludge-removing unit; The first descaling disc has two sets of first cutting components arranged axially along its outer periphery, each set including 6 blades evenly distributed circumferentially; the second descaling disc has two sets of second cutting components arranged axially along its outer periphery, each set including 12 blades evenly distributed circumferentially; the third descaling disc has two sets of third cutting components arranged axially along its outer periphery, each set including 16 blades evenly distributed circumferentially; and the fourth descaling disc has two sets of fourth cutting components arranged axially along its outer periphery, each set including 24 blades evenly distributed circumferentially. The slag removal unit includes a first tray and a second tray, and the first tray and the second tray are detachably connected by a flexible connector. The first tray includes two symmetrically arranged first semicircular plates, which are fixedly connected by a first connecting post. One of the first semicircular plates is connected to the descaling unit, and the other first semicircular plate is connected to the second tray. The second tray includes a second semicircular plate and a circular plate. The second semicircular plate and the circular plate are fixedly connected by a second connecting post. The second semicircular plate is connected to the first tray. The outer diameters of the first semicircular plate, the second semicircular plate, and the circular plate are adapted to the inner diameter of the pipe.

2. The descaling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The flexible connector includes several sections of steel rope, and the two ends of the steel rope are provided with buckles.

3. The descaling device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The traction mechanism integrates a torque sensor, which monitors the output torque of the traction mechanism and adjusts the number of steel rope segments between the scale breaking unit, scale fragmentation unit, and slag removal unit based on the output torque to control the timing of the scale breaking unit and slag removal unit entering the pipeline.

4. The descaling device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The traction mechanism includes a drive rod and two symmetrically distributed hydraulic cylinders; the hydraulic cylinders are fixed to the outer periphery of the pipe by a bracket, and the axial direction of the hydraulic cylinders is consistent with the axial direction of the pipe; the opening has a semi-cylindrical structure; the drive rod spans the opening radially along the pipe, and the two ends of the drive rod are respectively connected to the output end of a hydraulic cylinder, and the middle of the drive rod is provided with a mounting lug for connecting the shackle; the length of the steel rope is adapted to the driving stroke of the hydraulic cylinder.

5. The descaling device according to claim 4, characterized in that, It also includes a slag discharge mechanism; the slag discharge mechanism includes a lever, a hinge seat, a bucket, and a hoist; the hinge seat is arranged along the axial direction of the pipe on the outer periphery of the pipe, and one end is located at the opening; the lever is hinged to the end of the hinge seat located at the opening; the bucket has a semi-cylindrical shell structure, the bucket is embedded in the pipe, and the outer diameter is adapted to the inner diameter of the pipe; the bucket is connected to the middle of the lever by an iron chain; the hoist is fixed on the ground, and the output end of the hoist is connected to the lever to drive the lever to rotate around the hinge point to lift the bucket.

6. The descaling device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The cutting tool includes a plate; the plate has a cutting edge on the side near the traction mechanism; the plate has a first cutting tip and a second cutting tip on the end face facing the inner wall of the pipe; the first cutting tip is close to the traction mechanism and smoothly transitions with the cutting edge; the second cutting tip is away from the traction mechanism, and both ends of the second cutting tip have cutting edges.

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