Device and method for forming porous copper pipe through double-acting reverse hot extrusion based on combination die

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and method for forming a porous copper pipe through double-acting reverse hot extrusion based on a combination die, and relates to the technical field of metal plastic processing, the device comprises an operation table, and a double-acting forming mechanism, a driving mechanism and a water cooling mechanism are arranged on the surface of the operation table; and the double-acting forming mechanism comprises a limiting fixing seat fixedly connected to the middle of the upper surface of the operation table, a combined mold is fixedly installed on the right side of the limiting fixing seat through bolts, and the combined mold comprises an outer mold sleeve and a movable mold core. In order to solve the problem that in the prior art, pure copper and copper alloy are large in deformation resistance and fast in high-temperature heat conduction, so that the temperature of a blank is not uniform, a double-acting backward extrusion mode is adopted, and a first driving motor and a second driving motor drive a movable mold core and a plugging round block to move cooperatively; and the metal blank flows more uniformly in the extrusion process, and the problems that filling is not full, and the wall thickness is not uniform easily occurring in traditional forward extrusion are effectively solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal plastic processing technology, specifically to an apparatus and method for forming porous copper tubes by double-action reverse hot extrusion based on a combined die. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of computing centers, high-performance computing, and high-end power equipment, the power density of core components such as chips has increased dramatically, generating enormous amounts of heat and placing extreme demands on heat dissipation systems. One of the core components of a water-cooled plate is its internal heat spreader or porous flow channel, which functions to increase the heat exchange area, distribute the coolant evenly, and improve heat transfer efficiency.

[0003] Currently, the main methods for manufacturing such porous metal flow channel components (especially copper) are:

[0004] 3D printing (additive manufacturing): It can flexibly manufacture complex internal structures, but the production cost is extremely high, the printing efficiency is low, and the material density and thermal conductivity are sometimes inferior to forged and rolled materials, making it difficult to meet the needs of large-scale industrial applications.

[0005] Powder metallurgy can form complex shapes, but it also has problems such as high cost, potential porosity and limited thermal conductivity in the products, and a long process flow.

[0006] Traditional extrusion molding: For aluminum and its alloys, due to their relatively low deformation resistance, conventional extrusion processes have been used to produce porous tubes. However, for pure copper or copper alloys, which have high strength and high deformation resistance at room temperature, and excellent thermal conductivity at high temperatures (leading to uneven billet temperature), it is extremely difficult to produce porous thin-walled copper tubes with complex structures (such as double or more holes) using conventional forward extrusion. This often results in problems such as incomplete filling, uneven wall thickness, rapid die wear, and low yield.

[0007] To address this, we provide a method and apparatus for double-action reverse hot extrusion forming of porous copper tubes based on a combined die. This method effectively reduces the extrusion deformation resistance of copper materials and enables one-time precision forming of complex porous copper tube structures. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide an apparatus and method for forming porous copper tubes by double-action reverse hot extrusion based on a combined die, so as to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0009] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an apparatus for forming porous copper tubes by double-action reverse hot extrusion based on a combined mold, comprising an operating table, wherein the surface of the operating table is provided with a double-action forming mechanism, a driving mechanism and a water cooling mechanism;

[0010] The dual-action forming mechanism includes a limiting fixing seat fixedly connected to the middle of the upper surface of the operating table. A combined mold is fixedly installed on the right side of the limiting fixing seat by bolts. The combined mold includes an outer mold sleeve and a movable mold core. A limiting through hole matching the movable mold core is opened on the surface of the limiting fixing seat. The movable mold core is slidably connected to the inner wall of the limiting through hole.

[0011] The dual-action molding mechanism further includes a first T-shaped frame and a second T-shaped frame that are slidably disposed on the upper surface of the operating table. The first T-shaped frame and the second T-shaped frame are symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides of the limiting and fixing seat. The left end of the movable mold core is fixedly connected to the right side of the first T-shaped frame. An extension column is fixedly connected to the left side of the second T-shaped frame. An installation plate is fixedly connected to the left end of the extension column. A sealing block is fixedly connected to the left end of the installation plate.

[0012] Preferably, the mounting plate is positioned corresponding to the outer mold sleeve, the diameter of the sealing block matches the inner diameter of the outer mold sleeve, and the sealing block can be inserted into the inner wall of the port of the outer mold sleeve. The surface of the sealing block has a central circular hole, and the inner wall of the central circular hole is slidably connected to a telescopic shell. The surface of the telescopic shell has a plurality of cooling water spray holes evenly distributed. The water cooling mechanism includes a water supply pipe fixedly embedded in the center of the surface of the mounting plate. The left end of the water supply pipe extends into the interior of the central circular hole, and the right end of the water supply pipe extends into the right side of the second T-shaped frame. A micro switch is fixedly connected inside the central circular hole, and the position of the micro switch corresponds to the telescopic shell.

[0013] Preferably, a limiting through hole is provided at the right end of the telescopic shell. The size of the limiting through hole matches the water supply pipe, and the position of the limiting through hole corresponds to the water supply pipe. The water supply pipe is slidably connected to the inner wall of the limiting through hole. The output end of the water supply pipe extends into the interior of the telescopic shell. A return spring is sleeved on the surface of the water supply pipe. One end of the return spring is fixedly connected to the surface of the telescopic shell, and the other end of the return spring is fixedly connected to the surface of the mounting plate.

[0014] Preferably, the water cooling mechanism further includes a compressed air cushion fixedly connected to the bottom right side of the operating table. A movable disc is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the compressed air cushion, and a drain hose is fixedly embedded at the top end of the compressed air cushion. The end of the drain hose away from the compressed air cushion is fixedly connected to the input end of the water supply pipe. A one-way drain valve is fixedly connected to the input end of the drain hose. A water supply pipe is fixedly embedded on the surface of the compressed air cushion. An electromagnetic switch valve is fixedly connected to the surface of the water supply pipe, and a one-way inlet valve is fixedly connected to the output end of the water supply pipe.

[0015] Preferably, the movable mold core and the outer mold sleeve are coaxially distributed. An inner clamping shell is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer mold sleeve. A plurality of electric heating tubes are fixedly connected between the inner clamping shell and the inner wall of the outer mold sleeve. Two perforated rods are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner clamping shell. The two perforated rods are symmetrically distributed vertically on the inner wall of the inner clamping shell. The plurality of electric heating tubes are evenly distributed in a ring array inside the outer mold sleeve.

[0016] Preferably, the upper surface of the operating table has two first moving holes and two second moving holes, and the lower surface of the operating table has a device mounting groove. The driving mechanism includes a first driving motor fixedly installed on the inner wall of the device mounting groove. The output end of the first driving motor is fixedly connected to a driving rod. Two worm gears are fixedly connected to the surface of the driving rod. The end of the driving rod away from the first driving motor is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the device mounting groove. The inner walls of the first moving holes and the second moving holes are respectively rotatably connected to a first threaded rod and a second threaded rod. One end of the first threaded rod extends into the interior of the device mounting groove and is fixedly connected to a worm wheel. The worm gear meshes with the worm wheel.

[0017] Preferably, a second drive motor is fixedly connected inside the second movable hole, and the rotating shaft of the second drive motor is fixedly connected to the end of the second threaded rod. The surfaces of the first threaded rod and the second threaded rod are respectively threadedly connected to a first movable seat and a second movable seat. The top end of the first movable seat is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first T-shaped frame, and the top end of the second movable seat is fixedly connected to the bottom of the second T-shaped frame.

[0018] Preferably, a drive shaft is rotatably connected to the lower surface of the operating table. One end of the drive shaft extends into the interior of the equipment mounting slot and is fixedly connected to a driven synchronous pulley. A linkage shaft is fixedly connected to the end of the worm gear. A drive synchronous pulley is fixedly connected to the surface of the linkage shaft. A drive belt is installed between the drive synchronous pulley and the driven synchronous pulley.

[0019] Preferably, a rotating disk is fixedly connected to the other end of the transmission shaft, and a connecting rod is rotatably connected to the surface of the rotating disk, with the top end of the connecting rod rotatably connected to the lower surface of the movable disk.

[0020] A method for forming porous copper tubes by double-action reverse hot extrusion based on a combined die includes the following steps:

[0021] Step 1: Material preparation and mold loading. Place the preheated copper billet into the cavity between the outer mold sleeve and the movable mold core of the combined mold, and start the electric heating tube for heating.

[0022] Step 2: Double-action mold closing, synchronously start the first drive motor and the second drive motor, respectively drive the moving mold core to move to the right and the sealing block to move to the left, and insert the sealing block into the outer mold sleeve port to seal the blank.

[0023] Step 3: Extrusion and Cooling. The moving die core is continuously driven to feed the extruded billet, which is then split by the piercing rod to form a double-hole copper tube. The moving die core presses against the telescopic shell, triggering a micro switch. The compressed air cushion delivers coolant through the cooling spray holes for cooling.

[0024] Step 4: Demolding and removing the part. Start the first drive motor and the second drive motor to reset the sealing block 206 and the moving mold core 2022, and remove the molded copper tube for subsequent processing.

[0025] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0026] (1) This device and method for forming porous copper tubes by double-action reverse hot extrusion based on a combined mold addresses the problem of uneven billet temperature caused by high deformation resistance and fast high-temperature heat conduction of pure copper and copper alloys. It adopts a double-action reverse extrusion mode, in which the first drive motor and the second drive motor drive the moving mold core and the sealing block to move in coordination. With the coaxial design of the combined mold, the metal billet flows more evenly during the extrusion process, effectively solving the problems of incomplete filling and uneven wall thickness that are easy to occur in traditional forward extrusion. The electric heating tubes inside the outer mold are arranged in a ring array, which can control the mold temperature and avoid local temperature imbalance of the billet. Combined with the symmetrical perforated rods inside the inner clamping shell, the double hole structure is formed in one precise step. The product has high hole size accuracy and smooth inner wall, which is fully adapted to the liquid cooling heat dissipation requirements of high-power chips.

[0027] (2) The apparatus and method for forming porous copper tubes by double-action reverse hot extrusion based on a combined mold reduces the relative sliding between the billet and the extrusion cylinder wall, resulting in lower friction than traditional forward extrusion, significantly reducing extrusion pressure, reducing energy consumption of the drive mechanism, and reducing stress on the mold. The combined mold adopts a modular design of outer mold sleeve and moving mold core, and is equipped with a bolt connection structure of limit fixing seat, which facilitates mold processing, maintenance and replacement. The mold core components can be quickly replaced for different hole type requirements, reducing mold development and usage costs.

[0028] (3) A device and method for forming a porous copper tube by double-action reverse hot extrusion based on a combined mold. By setting a water cooling mechanism, the water cooling mechanism is linked with the extrusion action. When the sealing block is inserted into the outer mold sleeve port, the telescopic shell is squeezed by the billet and triggers a micro switch. Through the mechanical transmission of the transmission shaft, rotating disk and connecting rod, the compressed air cushion is driven to deliver coolant in a quantitative manner. The coolant is evenly sprayed onto the inner wall of the formed copper tube through the water supply pipe and the cooling spray hole of the telescopic shell, which helps to accelerate the cooling and forming speed of the copper tube. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 This is a front view structural diagram of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2This is a top view of the structure of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 3 This is a side view of the operating console structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Enlarged structural diagram at point A;

[0033] Figure 5 This is a partial cross-sectional view of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 6 for Figure 5 Enlarged structural diagram at point B;

[0035] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom view structure of the operating table of the present invention;

[0036] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the combined mold of the present invention.

[0037] In the diagram: 1. Control panel; 2. Double-action forming mechanism; 3. Drive mechanism; 4. Water cooling mechanism;

[0038] 101. First movable hole; 102. Second movable hole; 103. Equipment mounting slot;

[0039] 201. Limiting and fixing seat; 202. Combined mold; 2021. Outer mold sleeve; 2022. Movable mold core; 2023. Inner clamping shell; 2024. Electric heating tube; 2025. Perforated rod;

[0040] 203. First T-shaped frame; 204. Second T-shaped frame; 205. Mounting plate; 206. Sealing block; 207. Central hole; 208. Telescopic shell; 209. Cooling spray hole;

[0041] 301. First drive motor; 302. Drive rod; 303. Worm gear; 304. First threaded rod; 305. Second threaded rod; 306. Worm wheel; 307. Second drive motor; 308. Second movable seat; 309. Transmission shaft; 310. Driven synchronous pulley; 311. Linkage shaft; 312. Drive synchronous pulley; 313. Transmission belt; 314. Rotary disc; 315. Connecting rod; 316. First movable seat;

[0042] 401. Water supply pipe; 402. Micro switch; 403. Return spring; 404. Compressed air cushion; 405. Movable disc; 406. Drain hose; 407. Water supply pipe; 408. Electromagnetic switch valve. Detailed Implementation

[0043] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0044] Please see Figures 1-8 The present invention provides a technical solution: a device for forming porous copper tubes by double-action reverse hot extrusion based on a combined mold, including an operating table 1, a double-action forming mechanism 2 provided on the upper surface of the operating table 1, the double-action forming mechanism 2 including a limiting fixing seat 201 fixedly connected to the middle of the operating table 1, and a combined mold 202 detachably fixedly installed on its right side by bolts to ensure that the combined mold 202 maintains stable positioning during the extrusion process.

[0045] Please see Figures 2 to 5 The combined mold 202 consists of an outer mold sleeve 2021 and a movable mold core 2022. The surface of the limiting and fixing seat 201 is provided with a limiting through hole that matches the movable mold core 2022. The movable mold core 2022 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the limiting through hole, so that the movable mold core 2022 can move stably in the horizontal direction. The movable mold core 2022 and the outer mold sleeve 2021 maintain a coaxial structural distribution. This design provides a structural basis for the uniform flow of metal billet and effectively avoids the problem of uneven wall thickness caused by eccentric extrusion.

[0046] An inner clamping shell 2023 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the outer mold sleeve 2021. Several electric heating tubes 2024 are fixedly connected between the inner clamping shell 2023 and the inner wall of the outer mold sleeve 2021. These electric heating tubes 2024 are evenly distributed in a ring array inside the outer mold sleeve 2021, enabling uniform heating of the mold and ensuring that the billet remains within a suitable temperature range during extrusion, preventing increased deformation resistance due to localized low temperatures. Two perforated rods 2025 are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner clamping shell 2023. These two perforated rods 2025 are symmetrically distributed vertically on the inner wall of the inner clamping shell 2023, their number matching the number of channels in the porous copper tube to be formed. This allows for direct molding of the internal channel structure of the copper tube, achieving one-time forming of complex structures with two or more holes.

[0047] Please see Figures 1 to 4 The upper surface of the operating table 1 is slidably equipped with a first T-shaped frame 203 and a second T-shaped frame 204, which are symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides of the limiting and fixing seat 201, forming a symmetrical drive layout. The left end of the movable mold core 2022 is fixedly connected to the right side of the first T-shaped frame 203, and the movable mold core 2022 is precisely fed by the movement of the first T-shaped frame 203.

[0048] An extension column is fixedly connected to the left side of the second T-shaped frame 204. An installation plate 205 is fixedly connected to the left end of the extension column. A sealing block 206 is fixedly connected to the left end of the installation plate 205. The position of the installation plate 205 corresponds to that of the outer mold sleeve 2021. The diameter of the sealing block 206 matches the inner diameter of the outer mold sleeve 2021, so that the sealing block 206 can be accurately inserted and installed on the inner wall of the port of the outer mold sleeve 2021, thereby achieving the sealing and limiting of the billet during the extrusion process, preventing the metal billet from overflowing, and improving the material utilization rate.

[0049] Please see Figures 3 to 7 A central circular hole 207 is formed on the surface of the sealing block 206. A telescopic shell 208 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the central circular hole 207. Several cooling water spray holes 209 are evenly formed on the surface of the telescopic shell 208 in a ring array to ensure that the coolant can be evenly sprayed onto the inner wall of the formed copper tube. A limiting through hole is formed at the right end of the telescopic shell 208. The size of the limiting through hole matches the water supply pipe 401 and its position corresponds to that of the water supply pipe 401. The water supply pipe 401 is slidably connected to the inner wall of the limiting through hole. The output end of the water supply pipe 401 extends into the interior of the telescopic shell 208 to provide a channel for the delivery of coolant. A return spring 403 is fitted on the surface of the water supply pipe 401. One end of the return spring 403 is fixedly connected to the surface of the telescopic shell 208, and the other end is fixedly connected to the surface of the mounting plate 205. After extrusion, the return spring 403 can drive the telescopic shell 208 to quickly return to its original position, preparing for the next forming.

[0050] Please see Figures 2 to 8 The water cooling mechanism 4 also includes a water supply pipe 401 fixedly embedded in the center of the mounting plate 205. The left end of the water supply pipe 401 extends into the interior of the central circular hole 207, and the right end extends to the right side of the second T-shaped frame 204, realizing long-distance stable delivery of coolant. A micro switch 402 is fixedly connected inside the central circular hole 207. The position of the micro switch 402 corresponds to the telescopic shell 208. When the telescopic shell 208 is moved by the extrusion of the billet, the micro switch 402 can be triggered to realize the automatic start and stop of the cooling system.

[0051] A compressed air cushion 404 is fixedly connected to the bottom right side of the control panel 1. A movable disc 405 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the compressed air cushion 404, and a drain hose 406 is fixedly embedded at the top end. The end of the drain hose 406 away from the compressed air cushion 404 is fixedly connected to the input end of the water supply pipe 401. A one-way drain valve is fixedly attached to the input end of the drain hose 406 to ensure that the coolant is delivered unidirectionally to the water supply pipe 401. A water supply pipe 407 is fixedly embedded on the surface of the compressed air cushion 404. An electromagnetic switch valve 408 is fixedly connected to the surface of the water supply pipe 407, and a one-way inlet valve is fixedly connected to the output end to realize the quantitative replenishment and unidirectional flow control of the coolant.

[0052] Please see Figures 4 to 7The upper surface of the operating table 1 has two first moving holes 101 and two second moving holes 102, and the lower surface has a device mounting slot 103. The device mounting slot 103 provides a concealed space for the installation of the drive mechanism 3, making the device structure more compact. The drive mechanism 3 includes a first drive motor 301 fixedly installed on the inner wall of the device mounting slot 103. The output end of the first drive motor 301 is fixedly connected to a drive rod 302. Two worm gears 303 are fixedly connected to the surface of the drive rod 302. The end of the drive rod 302 away from the first drive motor 301 is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the device mounting slot 103 to ensure stable rotation of the drive rod 302.

[0053] The inner walls of the first moving hole 101 and the second moving hole 102 are respectively rotatably connected to the first threaded rod 304 and the second threaded rod 305. One end of the first threaded rod 304 extends into the interior of the equipment mounting groove 103 and is fixedly connected to the worm gear 306. The worm 303 meshes with the worm gear 306, and the smooth transmission of power and the change of direction are realized through the worm gear transmission.

[0054] Please see Figures 4 to 7 A second drive motor 307 is fixedly connected inside the second moving hole 102. The rotating shaft of the second drive motor 307 is fixedly connected to the end of the second threaded rod 305, providing an independent power source for the rotation of the second threaded rod 305. A first moving seat 316 and a second moving seat 308 are respectively threadedly connected to the surfaces of the first threaded rod 304 and the second threaded rod 305. The top end of the first moving seat 316 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the first T-shaped frame 203, and the top end of the second moving seat 308 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the second T-shaped frame 204.

[0055] Please see Figures 1 to 6 A drive shaft 309 is rotatably connected to the lower surface of the operating platform 1. One end of the drive shaft 309 extends into the equipment mounting slot 103 and is fixedly connected to a driven synchronous pulley 310. A linkage shaft 311 is fixedly connected to the end of the worm gear 306. A drive synchronous pulley 312 is fixedly connected to the surface of the linkage shaft 311. A drive belt 313 is installed between the drive synchronous pulley 312 and the driven synchronous pulley 310, forming a synchronous transmission structure. A rotating disk 314 is fixedly connected to the other end of the drive shaft 309. A connecting rod 315 is rotatably connected to the surface of the rotating disk 314. The top end of the connecting rod 315 is rotatably connected to the lower surface of the movable disk 405, thereby realizing the linkage between the drive mechanism 3 and the water cooling mechanism 4 through mechanical transmission.

[0056] Working principle: In use, the blank is first placed into the combined mold 202, and then the first drive motor 301 is started. The output end of the first drive motor 301 drives the drive rod 302 to rotate. The two worm gears 303 on the surface of the drive rod 302 rotate synchronously. Through the meshing transmission between the worm gears 303 and the worm wheel 306, the first threaded rod 304 is driven to rotate. The first threaded rod 304 is threadedly engaged with the first moving seat 316, converting the rotational motion into linear motion. This causes the first moving seat 316 to drive the first T-shaped frame 203 to move along the first moving hole 101 towards the direction of the limiting fixed seat 201, thereby pushing the moving mold core 2022 to slide to the right along the limiting through hole of the limiting fixed seat 201. The moving mold core 2022 gradually enters the outer mold sleeve 2021.

[0057] Simultaneously, the second drive motor 307 is activated. The rotating shaft of the second drive motor 307 drives the second threaded rod 305 to rotate. The second threaded rod 305 is threadedly engaged with the second movable seat 308, driving the second movable seat 308 to move the second T-shaped frame 204 along the second moving hole 102 towards the limiting fixed seat 201. Through the extension column, the mounting plate 205 and the sealing block 206 move synchronously. Finally, the sealing block 206 is precisely inserted into the inner wall of the port of the outer mold sleeve 2021, realizing the sealing and limiting of the blank. During this process, the electric heating tube 2024 inside the outer mold sleeve 2021 is energized to heat and keep the combined mold 202 warm.

[0058] After the sealing block 206 completes the sealing, the preheated copper billet is placed into the cavity between the outer mold sleeve 2021 and the moving mold core 2022. The first drive motor 301 and the second drive motor 307 continue to run, so that the moving mold core 2022 continues to feed to the right, applying extrusion pressure to the billet. At the same time, the sealing block 206 remains fixed to form back pressure. Under pressure, the copper billet flows in the opposite direction to the movement of the moving mold core 2022, that is, towards the outlet end of the outer mold sleeve 2021. When the billet flows through the inner wall of the inner clamping shell 2023, it is diverted by two symmetrically distributed perforated rods 2025 to form two independent channel structures. At the same time, under the combined action of the moving mold core 2022 and the outer mold sleeve 2021, the billet is squeezed into the preset copper tube shape, realizing the initial forming of the porous copper tube. It should be noted that the cooling function and the reset of the moving mold core 2022 are carried out simultaneously. When the first drive motor 301 drives the moving mold core 2022 to move and reset in the opposite direction, cooling is realized simultaneously.

[0059] When the end of the movable mold core 2022 contacts the telescopic shell 208 and applies pressure, the telescopic shell 208 is pushed into the center hole 207. This indicates that the movable mold core 2022 has squeezed the copper tube into place and formed it. At this time, the operating system will control the first drive motor 301 to stop working immediately. At the same time, the telescopic shell 208 compresses the return spring 403. When the telescopic shell 208 moves to contact the micro switch 402, it triggers the micro switch 402 to send a signal to control the electromagnetic switch valve 408 on the surface of the water supply pipe 407 to open. Simultaneously, the movable mold core 2022 retracts to its original position. When the worm gear 306 rotates, it drives the linkage shaft 311 to rotate synchronously. The drive synchronous wheel 312 on the surface of the linkage shaft 311 drives the driven synchronous wheel 310 to rotate via the transmission belt 313, which in turn drives the transmission shaft 309 to rotate. The transmission shaft 309 drives the rotating disk 314 to rotate. The rotating disk 314 pulls the movable disk 405 downwards via the connecting rod 315, compressing the compressed air cushion 404. Under pressure, the internal coolant is delivered to the water supply pipe 401 through the drain hose 406 and the one-way drain valve. The coolant enters the telescopic shell 208 through the water supply pipe 401 and is then sprayed onto the inner wall of the formed copper tube through the evenly distributed cooling water spray holes 209 on the surface of the telescopic shell 208, achieving rapid cooling.

[0060] After the porous copper tube is extruded and cooled to a preset temperature, the first drive motor 301 and the second drive motor 307 are turned off, and the second drive motor 307 is started in reverse. This moves the second T-shaped frame 204, the mounting plate 205, and the sealing block 206 away from the limiting fixed seat 201, causing the sealing block 206 to disengage from the port of the outer mold sleeve 2021. Subsequently, the first drive motor 301 is started in reverse, moving the first T-shaped frame 203 and the moving mold core 2022 to the left to reset. This facilitates the removal of the formed porous copper tube from the outlet end of the outer mold sleeve 2021, solving the problem of material discharge difficulties in existing forming equipment and facilitating subsequent processes such as length cutting, straightening, and internal and external surface treatment.

Claims

1. An apparatus for forming porous copper tubes by double-action reverse hot extrusion based on a combined die, comprising an operating table (1), characterized in that: The surface of the operating table (1) is provided with a double-action forming mechanism (2), a driving mechanism (3) and a water cooling mechanism (4). The dual-action forming mechanism (2) includes a limiting fixing seat (201) fixedly connected to the middle of the upper surface of the operating table (1). A combined mold (202) is fixedly installed on the right side of the limiting fixing seat (201) by bolts. The combined mold (202) includes an outer mold sleeve (2021) and a movable mold core (2022). The surface of the limiting fixing seat (201) is provided with a limiting through hole that matches the movable mold core (2022). The movable mold core (2022) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the limiting through hole. The double-action molding mechanism (2) further includes a first T-shaped frame (203) and a second T-shaped frame (204) slidably disposed on the upper surface of the operating table (1). The first T-shaped frame (203) and the second T-shaped frame (204) are symmetrically distributed on the left and right sides of the limiting fixing seat (201). The left end of the movable mold core (2022) is fixedly connected to the right side of the first T-shaped frame (203). An extension column is fixedly connected to the left side of the second T-shaped frame (204). An installation plate (205) is fixedly connected to the left end of the extension column. A sealing block (206) is fixedly connected to the left end of the installation plate (205).

2. The apparatus for forming porous copper tubes by double-action reverse hot extrusion based on a combined die according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting plate (205) is positioned corresponding to the outer mold sleeve (2021). The diameter of the sealing block (206) matches the inner diameter of the outer mold sleeve (2021), and the sealing block (206) can be inserted into the inner wall of the port of the outer mold sleeve (2021). A central circular hole (207) is formed on the surface of the sealing block (206), and a telescopic shell (208) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the central circular hole (207). A plurality of evenly distributed holes are formed on the surface of the telescopic shell (208). A cooling water spray hole (209), the water cooling mechanism (4) includes a water supply pipe (401) fixedly embedded in the center of the surface of the mounting plate (205), the left end of the water supply pipe (401) extends into the interior of the central circular hole (207), and the right end of the water supply pipe (401) extends into the right side of the second T-shaped frame (204), a micro switch (402) is fixedly connected inside the central circular hole (207), and the position of the micro switch (402) corresponds to the telescopic shell (208).

3. The apparatus for forming porous copper tubes by double-action reverse hot extrusion based on a combined die according to claim 2, characterized in that: The right end of the telescopic shell (208) has a limiting through hole. The size of the limiting through hole matches the water supply pipe (401), and the position of the limiting through hole corresponds to the water supply pipe (401). The water supply pipe (401) is slidably connected to the inner wall of the limiting through hole. The output end of the water supply pipe (401) extends into the interior of the telescopic shell (208). A return spring (403) is sleeved on the surface of the water supply pipe (401). One end of the return spring (403) is fixedly connected to the surface of the telescopic shell (208), and the other end of the return spring (403) is fixedly connected to the surface of the mounting plate (205).

4. The apparatus for forming porous copper tubes by double-action reverse hot extrusion based on a combined die according to claim 3, characterized in that: The water cooling mechanism (4) also includes a compressed air cushion (404) fixedly connected to the bottom right side of the operating table (1). The bottom end of the compressed air cushion (404) is fixedly connected to a movable disc (405), and the top end of the compressed air cushion (404) is fixedly embedded with a drain hose (406). The end of the drain hose (406) away from the compressed air cushion (404) is fixedly connected to the input end of the water supply pipe (401). The input end of the drain hose (406) is fixedly equipped with a one-way drain valve. The surface of the compressed air cushion (404) is fixedly embedded with a water supply pipe (407). The surface of the water supply pipe (407) is fixedly connected with an electromagnetic switch valve (408), and the output end of the water supply pipe (407) is fixedly connected with a one-way inlet valve.

5. The apparatus for forming porous copper tubes by double-action reverse hot extrusion based on a combined die according to claim 1, characterized in that: The movable mold core (2022) and the outer mold sleeve (2021) are coaxially distributed. The inner wall of the outer mold sleeve (2021) is fixedly connected to an inner clamping shell (2023). Several electric heating tubes (2024) are fixedly connected between the inner clamping shell (2023) and the inner wall of the outer mold sleeve (2021). Two perforated rods (2025) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the inner clamping shell (2023). The two perforated rods (2025) are symmetrically distributed vertically on the inner wall of the inner clamping shell (2023). Several electric heating tubes (2024) are evenly distributed in a ring array inside the outer mold sleeve (2021).

6. The apparatus for forming porous copper tubes by double-action reverse hot extrusion based on a combined die according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper surface of the operating table (1) has two first moving holes (101) and two second moving holes (102), and the lower surface of the operating table (1) has an equipment mounting groove (103). The driving mechanism (3) includes a first driving motor (301) fixedly installed on the inner wall of the equipment mounting groove (103). The output end of the first driving motor (301) is fixedly connected to a driving rod (302). Two worm gears (303) are fixedly connected to the surface of the driving rod (302). The end of the driving rod (302) away from the first driving motor (301) is rotatably connected to the inner wall of the equipment mounting groove (103). The inner walls of the first moving holes (101) and the second moving holes (102) are respectively rotatably connected to a first threaded rod (304) and a second threaded rod (305). One end of the first threaded rod (304) extends into the interior of the equipment mounting groove (103) and is fixedly connected to a worm wheel (306). The worm gear (303) meshes with the worm wheel (306).

7. The apparatus for forming porous copper tubes by double-action reverse hot extrusion based on a combined die according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second moving hole (102) is fixedly connected to the interior of the second drive motor (307). The rotating shaft of the second drive motor (307) is fixedly connected to the end of the second threaded rod (305). The surfaces of the first threaded rod (304) and the second threaded rod (305) are respectively threadedly connected to the first moving seat (316) and the second moving seat (308). The top of the first moving seat (316) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first T-shaped frame (203), and the top of the second moving seat (308) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the second T-shaped frame (204).

8. The apparatus for forming porous copper tubes by double-action reverse hot extrusion based on a combined die according to claim 7, characterized in that: The lower surface of the operating table (1) is rotatably connected to a transmission shaft (309). One end of the transmission shaft (309) extends into the interior of the equipment mounting slot (103) and is fixedly connected to a driven synchronous pulley (310). The end of the worm gear (306) is fixedly connected to a linkage shaft (311). The surface of the linkage shaft (311) is fixedly connected to a drive synchronous pulley (312). A transmission belt (313) is installed between the drive synchronous pulley (312) and the driven synchronous pulley (310).

9. The apparatus for forming porous copper tubes by double-action reverse hot extrusion based on a combined die according to claim 8, characterized in that: The other end of the transmission shaft (309) is fixedly connected to a rotating disk (314), and a connecting rod (315) is rotatably connected to the surface of the rotating disk (314). The top end of the connecting rod (315) is rotatably connected to the lower surface of the movable disk (405).

10. A method for forming porous copper tubes by double-action reverse hot extrusion based on a combined die, used to realize the apparatus for forming porous copper tubes by double-action reverse hot extrusion based on a combined die according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that: Step 1: Material preparation and mold loading. Place the preheated copper billet into the cavity between the outer mold sleeve (2021) and the movable mold core (2022) of the combined mold (202), and start the electric heating tube (2024) for heating. Step 2: Double-action mold closing, simultaneously start the first drive motor (301) and the second drive motor (307), respectively drive the moving mold core (2022) to move to the right and the sealing block (206) to move to the left, the sealing block (206) inserts into the port of the outer mold sleeve (2021) to seal the blank. Step 3: Extrusion cooling. The moving die core (2022) is continuously driven to feed the extruded billet, which is then split into a double-hole copper tube by the piercing rod (2025). The moving die core (2022) presses the telescopic shell (208) to trigger the micro switch (402), and the compressed air cushion (404) delivers coolant through the cooling spray hole (209) for cooling. Step 4: Demolding and removing parts. Start the first drive motor (301) and the second drive motor (307) to drive the sealing block 206 and the moving mold core 2022 to reset, and remove the molded copper tube for subsequent processing.

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