Earthquake-temperature self-adaptive viscous damper with large bearing capacity and simulation calculation method

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of finite element simulation analysis, and specifically discloses a large bearing capacity earthquake-temperature self-adaptive viscous damper and a simulation calculation method, which comprises the following steps: S1: establishing a three-dimensional solid model of a temperature deformation joint and a viscous damper with a stiffness adjusting valve; S2: obtaining a finite element model of the three-dimensional solid model; S3: obtaining a critical speed and a load working condition speed of the viscous damper, and establishing a multi-state self-adaptive stiffness adjusting model of the viscous damper based on the ratio of the load working condition speed to the critical speed; S4: obtaining a time difference value of the stiffness adjusting valve from the start of closing to the complete closing, and establishing a virtual displacement quantification model; S5: adding the multi-state self-adaptive stiffness adjusting model and the virtual displacement quantification model to the finite element model; and S6: performing mechanical simulation analysis on the finite element model. The present application can accurately simulate the complex mechanical behavior of the damper under the conditions of multi-state switching, virtual displacement effect and bidirectional earthquake reciprocating action.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of finite element simulation analysis technology, specifically to a high-bearing-capacity earthquake-temperature adaptive viscous damper and its simulation calculation method. Background Technology

[0002] In modern architectural design, ultra-long concrete structures and large-span ultra-long steel structures are widely used in large public buildings such as transit stations, sports stadiums, transportation hubs, and convention centers due to their magnificent spatial effects and excellent functionality. However, with the increase in structural length, especially when it exceeds 100 meters, a long-standing technical contradiction in engineering design becomes increasingly prominent: how to simultaneously meet the dual requirements of seismic safety and temperature stress release without setting structural joints. This contradiction constitutes the core challenge in the field of ultra-long structure design.

[0003] From the perspective of seismic safety, the current "Code for Seismic Design of Buildings" explicitly advocates the use of structural systems with strong integrity and strictly emphasizes the design principle of "avoiding seismic joints if possible," that is, "if a joint is set, it will inevitably collide." The fundamental reason is that during an earthquake, adjacent units separated by structural joints may experience out-of-phase vibrations, leading to unpredictable collisions at the joint opening, which can cause local damage or even progressive collapse, greatly increasing the safety risk.

[0004] However, from the perspective of temperature effects, the thermal expansion and contraction deformation of ultra-long structures under changes in ambient temperature is significant. This must be effectively released through the installation of temperature joints; otherwise, the enormous internal temperature forces will cause concrete cracking or steel buckling, directly affecting the structure's usability and long-term durability. This binary opposition between "no joints required for seismic resistance" and "joints required for temperature control" often puts designers in a dilemma.

[0005] On the other hand, when ultra-long structures do not require seismic joints according to regulations, engineering projects often employ measures such as significantly increasing reinforcement and adding prestressed steel strands to resist the combined effects of temperature stress and seismic action. However, these methods not only lead to a surge in material usage and a substantial increase in project costs, but also result in a significant increase in carbon emissions, contradicting the current green and low-carbon building philosophy. Even so, due to the shrinkage and creep characteristics of concrete and the complexity of temperature stress, the structure still faces the risk of cracking, and its long-term durability and normal service performance cannot be fundamentally guaranteed.

[0006] To resolve this contradiction, the engineering community has attempted to apply viscous dampers, commonly used in seismic control, to structural connections. However, traditional viscous dampers are designed to dissipate seismic energy, and their damping characteristics are fixed once set. This inherent working mechanism makes them significantly unsuitable for dealing with ultra-long structures. During slow, continuous deformation caused by temperature changes, traditional dampers generate significant constraint forces, acting like "shackles" on the structure's free expansion and contraction. This not only fails to release temperature stress but may even exacerbate it. Furthermore, in the event of a sudden earthquake, their limited damping force may be insufficient to firmly "bind" adjacent structural units into a whole, making it difficult to completely avoid the inherent collision risks of jointed structures, thus limiting their protective function.

[0007] To address the shortcomings of traditional dampers, several improved solutions have emerged in this field aimed at achieving adjustable functionality. For example, some solutions attempt to introduce external sensors, controllers, and hydraulic servo systems to actively adjust the opening of the damping valve. While these solutions are conceptually advanced, their reliability heavily relies on external energy sources and complex electronic systems. In extreme disaster environments like earthquakes, the risk of power outages or component failures is extremely high, and subsequent maintenance costs are exorbitant. Other purely mechanical improvements often suffer from overly complex and cumbersome mechanisms, making it difficult to guarantee sealing performance and fatigue resistance over long-term use. Furthermore, their slow response speed fails to meet the high load-bearing capacity and high reliability requirements of earthquakes, and cannot address the urgent need for adaptive intelligent connection devices in ultra-long structures. Additionally, traditional damper simulations cannot accurately simulate adaptive switching characteristics, virtual displacement effects, and reciprocating forces under bidirectional seismic loading. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The purpose of this invention is to provide a high-load-bearing capacity earthquake-temperature adaptive viscous damper and a simulation calculation method, which overcomes the design contradiction of ultra-long structures under seismic and temperature effects. It enables the damper to have extremely low stiffness under slow temperature deformation, while having high stiffness and high load-bearing capacity under rapid seismic deformation, thereby simultaneously meeting the requirements of seismic codes and the demand for temperature stress release. It can accurately simulate the complex mechanical behavior of the damper under multi-state switching, virtual displacement effect and bidirectional seismic reciprocating action.

[0009] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention adopts the following solution:

[0010] Simulation calculation methods for high-bearing-capacity earthquake-temperature adaptive viscous dampers include:

[0011] S1: Establish a three-dimensional solid model of the temperature deformation joint and the viscous damper with stiffness regulating valve;

[0012] S2: Obtain the finite element model of the 3D solid model;

[0013] S3: Obtain the critical speed of the stiffness regulating valve and the load condition speed of the viscous damper, and establish a multi-state adaptive stiffness regulation model of the viscous damper based on the ratio of the load condition speed to the critical speed.

[0014] S4: Obtain the time difference between the stiffness regulating valve and the time difference between the start of closing and the complete closing. Based on the relationship between the time difference and the piston rod speed, establish a virtual displacement quantification model of the stiffness regulating valve during the process from the start of closing to the complete closing.

[0015] S5: Add the multi-state adaptive stiffness adjustment model and the virtual displacement quantization model to the finite element model;

[0016] S6: Perform mechanical simulation analysis on the finite element model with added multi-state adaptive stiffness adjustment model and virtual displacement quantization model;

[0017] Among them, the multi-state adaptive stiffness adjustment model is a simulation calculation module built and encapsulated in finite element software to realize intelligent stiffness adjustment of viscous dampers. Based on the ratio of the input load condition speed to the preset critical speed, it automatically judges and outputs the opening, closing or transition state of the stiffness adjustment valve, and then dynamically assigns the corresponding stiffness value to the viscous damper.

[0018] The virtual displacement quantization model is a mathematical model used to quantify the additional displacement generated by the piston rod during the response time of a stiffness regulating valve from initial closure to full closure. It is expressed as follows: ;

[0019] in, Virtual displacement refers to the displacement of the piston rod during the mechanical response time from when the speed reaches the threshold of the load condition and triggers the valve to begin closing until the valve is actually fully closed. It is the speed of the piston rod. It is the response time of the valve from the start of closing to complete closure.

[0020] Optionally, when the ratio of the load condition velocity to the critical velocity is less than 1, the stiffness regulating valve is configured to be in the open state, causing the stiffness value of the viscous damper to approach zero and be in a free deformation state; when the ratio of the load condition velocity to the critical velocity is equal to 1, the valve is in the initial closing state; when the ratio of the load condition velocity to the critical velocity is greater than or equal to 1.2, the stiffness regulating valve is configured to be in the fully closed state, causing the stiffness value of the viscous damper to be at its maximum and to transition from the free deformation state to the rigid connection state; when the ratio of the load condition velocity to the critical velocity gradually increases between greater than 1 and less than 1.2, the stiffness regulating valve is configured to be in a transition state from initial closure to full closure, causing the stiffness value of the viscous damper to gradually increase.

[0021] Optionally, the load condition velocity includes temperature load condition velocity, seismic force condition velocity, and transition velocity between temperature load condition velocity and seismic force condition velocity. The ratio of temperature load condition velocity to critical velocity is less than 1, the ratio of seismic force condition velocity to critical velocity is greater than or equal to 1.2, and the ratio of transition velocity to critical velocity is between greater than 1 and less than 1.2.

[0022] Optionally, when establishing the virtual displacement quantization model of the stiffness regulating valve from initial closure to complete closure, it is also necessary to obtain the real-time displacement of the viscous damper, establish a displacement-stiffness relationship model of the stiffness regulating valve based on the real-time displacement, and add the displacement-stiffness model to the finite element model. The displacement-stiffness model adopts an exponential function.

[0023] To simulate the smooth transition of stiffness values ​​from minimum to maximum;

[0024] in, It is the real-time displacement of the piston. This function ensures a smooth transition during the valve closing process and avoids the stiffness abrupt change problem in traditional simulation. Refers to the current instantaneous stiffness; This refers to the minimum stiffness, i.e., the initial stiffness. This refers to the maximum stiffness, i.e., the locking stiffness.

[0025] Optionally, finite element simulation software can be used to perform simulation analysis on the finite element model, and connector elements can be used in the finite element software to simulate the viscous damper.

[0026] A high-load-bearing-capacity earthquake-temperature adaptive viscous damper includes a cylinder body, a piston rod, and a piston. The cylinder body has a closed damping cavity filled with damping fluid. The piston rod passes through the damping cavity and slides with the cylinder body. The piston is mounted on the piston rod and divides the damping cavity into a first damping cavity and a second damping cavity. The piston is equipped with a stiffness regulating valve that controls the connection or disconnection of the first damping cavity and the second damping cavity based on the piston rod's moving speed to adaptively adjust the stiffness of the viscous damper.

[0027] Optionally, the piston has at least one damping flow channel along its axial direction that connects the first damping cavity and the second damping cavity. A stiffness regulating valve is disposed on the damping flow channel. The stiffness regulating valve includes a cover plate, a spring, a guide screw parallel to the piston rod, and a first sealing guide sleeve. The first sealing guide sleeve is disposed inside the cover plate. The spring is pre-compressed between the cover plate and the piston. The guide screw passes through the first sealing guide sleeve and the spring to connect the cover plate and the piston. The moving speed of the piston rod controls the cover plate to move relative to the piston along the axial direction of the guide screw to conduct or block the first damping cavity and the second damping cavity.

[0028] Optionally, the diameter of the cover plate is larger than the aperture of the damping channel. When the cover plate and the piston are far apart, an annular gap is formed that connects with the damping channel. The side of the cover plate opposite to the piston is provided with a conical protrusion. The two ends of the damping channel have concave contours that are adapted to the conical protrusions. The conical protrusions and concave contours cooperate to control the opening and closing of the damping channel.

[0029] Optionally, the piston sidewall is provided with a second sealing guide sleeve for sealing the gap between the piston sidewall and the inner wall of the damping cavity. The cylinder body is provided with end caps at both ends. One end cap is provided with a flexible dust cover connected to the cylinder body on its outer side. A dust cover is provided on the side of the flexible dust cover away from the cylinder body. The other end cap is provided with a stroke cylinder connected to the cylinder body on its outer side. A cavity for piston rod movement is formed between the stroke cylinder and the end cap. A connecting rod is provided at the end of the stroke cylinder away from the cylinder body. A second connecting lug is provided at the end of the connecting rod. One end of the piston rod extends into the cavity through the dust cover, the damping cavity, and the end cap. The piston rod and the end cap can move relative to each other. A third sealing guide sleeve is provided on the piston rod sidewall for sealing the gap between the piston rod and the end cap. A first connecting lug is provided at the end of the piston rod located outside the dust cover.

[0030] An ultra-long concrete structure system includes at least two structural units separated by a temperature deformation joint. A viscous damper is provided at the temperature deformation joint between adjacent structural units, and the viscous damper flexibly connects the adjacent structural units into a whole.

[0031] The technical solution provided by this invention has the following advantages compared with the known prior art:

[0032] 1. The simulation calculation method of this invention breaks through the limitations of traditional linear damping models and can accurately simulate the complex mechanical behavior of dampers under multi-state switching, virtual displacement effects, and bidirectional seismic reciprocating action. This provides engineers with a powerful tool for accurate performance prediction and optimization during the design phase, reduces the technical risks of engineering applications, and ensures design safety.

[0033] 2. The viscous damper of this invention can automatically determine whether it is a temperature load or a seismic load based on the piston rod movement speed (i.e., the structural deformation speed) and quickly switch the working mode. Under slow temperature deformation, the valve opens, the fluid flows with low resistance, and the damper provides near-zero stiffness, like a thermal expansion joint; under rapid seismic deformation, the valve closes, the piston locks, and the damper behaves as a rigid connection. This intelligent adaptive capability fundamentally solves the contradiction between seismic resistance and temperature release in ultra-long structures.

[0034] 3. The conical protrusion and concave contour hard seal structure ensures that the damping flow channel can be tightly sealed under high seismic loads, completely avoiding the problem of incomplete closure caused by processing errors or impurities. After the damping flow channel is closed, the seismic force is directly transmitted through the metal path of piston-piston rod-cylinder. The force transmission path is clear and highly efficient, providing huge axial bearing capacity and reliably connecting adjacent structural units into a whole.

[0035] 4. To achieve rapid response, this invention intentionally designs the diameter of the cover plate to be significantly larger than the orifice of the damping channel. Thus, when fluid flows through the narrow annular gap between the cover plate and the piston, the flow cross-section shrinks drastically, and according to Bernoulli's principle, the fluid velocity at this point increases sharply, resulting in a significant pressure difference across the cover plate, utilizing fluid dynamics effects. The increased cover plate area means that the same fluid pressure difference can generate a larger closing force. The combined effect of small gap, large pressure difference, and large effective area allows the cover plate to receive an amplified driving force, much larger than that of a simple flow model, when it senses a change in flow velocity. This allows it to move with extremely high acceleration, achieving instantaneous and rapid closure of the damping channel. The rapid closing mechanism based on the pressure difference amplification effect enables the cover plate to obtain amplified driving force when it senses a change in flow velocity, achieving instantaneous closure and timely capture of seismic signals. The entire device is purely mechanical, requiring no external energy or complex electrical control system, thus avoiding the risk of electronic component failure in disaster environments. It has strong anti-interference capabilities, low maintenance requirements, and a service life that can be synchronized with the building structure. It also possesses excellent fatigue resistance. This mechanism ensures that the damper can capture the weak and rapid deformation signals at the initial stage of an earthquake and lock immediately, greatly improving the seismic safety of the structure. Attached Figure Description

[0036] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without any creative effort.

[0037] Figure 1 This is a simulation diagram of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a viscous damper.

[0039] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the stiffness regulating valve.

[0040] Figure 4 A schematic diagram showing multiple structural units connected as a whole;

[0041] Figure 5A schematic diagram of a structure in which the viscous dampers of adjacent structural units are distributed in a W-shape;

[0042] Figure 6 This is a front view of adjacent structural units.

[0043] Reference numerals: 1-Cylinder body, 2-Second sealing guide sleeve, 3-Third sealing guide sleeve, 4-Piston rod, 5-Cavity, 6-Stroke cylinder, 7-Second connecting lug, 8-Connecting rod, 9-Stiffness regulating valve, 91-Cover plate, 92-First sealing guide sleeve, 93-Guide screw, 94-Spring, 95-Conical protrusion, 10-Piston, 11-Second damping cavity, 12-First connecting lug, 13-Dust cover, 14-Flexible dust cover, 15-End cover, 16-First damping cavity, 17-Damping flow channel, 18-Concave profile, 19-Damping fluid, 20-Temperature deformation joint, 21-Viscous damper, 22-Annular gap. Detailed Implementation

[0044] The technical solution of the present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0045] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are schematic diagrams, not actual pictures. They should not be construed as limiting the invention. To better illustrate the embodiments of the invention, some parts in the drawings may be omitted, enlarged, or reduced, and do not represent the actual product dimensions. It is understandable to those skilled in the art that some well-known structures and their descriptions may be omitted in the drawings.

[0046] The present invention will be further described below with reference to embodiments.

[0047] Example 1

[0048] like Figure 1 As shown, the simulation calculation method for the high-bearing-capacity earthquake-temperature adaptive viscous damper 21 includes:

[0049] S1: Establish a three-dimensional solid model of the temperature deformation joint 20 and the viscous damper 21 with stiffness regulating valve 9;

[0050] S2: Obtain the finite element model of the 3D solid model;

[0051] S3: Obtain the critical speed of the stiffness regulating valve 9 and the load condition speed of the viscous damper 21, and establish a multi-state adaptive stiffness regulation model of the viscous damper 21 based on the ratio of the load condition speed to the critical speed.

[0052] S4: Obtain the time difference between the stiffness regulating valve 9 and the time difference between the start of closing and the complete closing. Based on the relationship between the time difference and the movement speed of the piston rod 4, establish a virtual displacement quantification model of the stiffness regulating valve 9 during the process from the start of closing to the complete closing.

[0053] S5: Add the multi-state adaptive stiffness adjustment model and the virtual displacement quantization model to the finite element model;

[0054] S6: Perform mechanical simulation analysis on the finite element model with added multi-state adaptive stiffness adjustment model and virtual displacement quantization model.

[0055] In this embodiment, the load condition velocity refers to the relative motion velocity generated at the installation position of the viscous damper 21 caused by the specific load (such as temperature load, wind load, seismic action, etc.) applied to the structure in the structural finite element simulation analysis. This velocity is the core input parameter of the method of the present invention, and its value is directly used to trigger and determine the working state of the subsequent stiffness regulating valve 9. It is the judgment benchmark of the velocity-state adaptive adjustment logic.

[0056] The multi-state adaptive stiffness adjustment model refers to the dedicated simulation calculation module established and encapsulated in finite element software by this invention to achieve intelligent adjustment of damper stiffness. The core logic of this model lies in automatically determining and outputting the opening, closing, or transition state of the stiffness adjustment valve 9 based on the ratio of the input load condition velocity to the preset critical velocity, thereby dynamically assigning the corresponding stiffness value to the viscous damper. This model abstracts the response behavior of the physical device (adjustment valve) into a mathematical model that can be recognized and calculated by computer simulation programs, serving as a bridge connecting physical behavior and numerical simulation.

[0057] In this embodiment, the simulation calculation is based on the viscous damper 21 with stiffness regulating valve 9, such as... Figure 2 and Figure 3As shown, the viscous damper 21 includes a cylinder body 1, a piston rod 4, and a piston 10. The cylinder body 1 has a closed damping cavity filled with damping fluid 19. The piston rod 4 passes through the damping cavity and slides with the cylinder body 1. The piston 10 is mounted on the piston rod 4 and divides the damping cavity into a first damping cavity 16 and a second damping cavity 11. The piston 10 is equipped with a stiffness regulating valve 9 that controls the opening or closing of the first damping cavity 16 and the second damping cavity 11 based on the moving speed of the piston rod 4 to adaptively adjust the stiffness of the viscous damper 21. At least one damping flow channel 17 is opened along its axial direction on the piston 10 to connect the first damping cavity 16 and the second damping cavity 11. The stiffness regulating valve 9 is mounted on the damping flow channel 17 to control the opening and closing of its flow path. The stiffness regulating valve 9 includes a cover plate 91, a spring 94, and a guide parallel to the piston rod 4. Screw 93 and first sealing guide sleeve 92 are provided inside cover plate 91. Spring 94 is pre-pressed between cover plate 91 and piston 10. Guide screw 93 passes through first sealing guide sleeve 92 and spring 94 to connect cover plate 91 and piston 10. The moving speed of piston rod 4 controls cover plate 91 to move relative to piston 10 along the axis of guide screw 93 to conduct or block the first damping cavity 16 and second damping cavity 11. The diameter of cover plate 91 is much larger than the aperture of damping channel 17. When cover plate 91 and piston 10 are far apart, an annular gap 22 is formed to connect with damping channel 17. Conical protrusion 95 is provided on the side of cover plate 91 opposite to piston 10. Both ends of damping channel 17 have concave contours 18 that are adapted to conical protrusion 95. Conical protrusion 95 and concave contour 18 cooperate to control the opening and closing of damping channel 17.

[0058] Obtain the critical speed at which the control stiffness regulating valve 9 actuates:

[0059] Spring 94 preload setting: Spring 94 is pre-compressed and a defined preload is applied. The preload value is calculated based on the fluid pressure corresponding to the speed threshold preset according to engineering requirements. This design enables intelligent identification of load type without the need for any external energy or electronic control.

[0060] (1) According to the flow conservation relationship: the flow rate of the fluid flowing through the annular gap 22 between the piston 10 and the cover plate 91 This is equal to the volume of fluid displaced by the movement of piston rod 4, and its mathematical expression is Equation 1-1:

[0061] In the formula:

[0062] The fluid flow rate is the fluid flow rate through the annular gap 22 between the piston 10 and the cover plate 91. The source is the movement of the piston, when the piston rod 4 moves at a speed of During movement, the volumetric flow rate of the fluid displaced is the same as the flow rate through the valve orifice. ;

[0063] The cross-sectional area of ​​piston 10 is a fixed structural parameter;

[0064] The movement speed of piston rod 4 is a key parameter that directly reflects the deformation speed of the structure.

[0065] (2) Pressure drop relationship in gap flow: According to fluid mechanics, the pressure difference generated when viscous fluid flows through a narrow annular gap 22 With traffic and gap size Satisfying a specific power-law function model, the movement speed of piston rod 4 in the critical state when cover plate 91 begins to close is... With critical speed The ratio is exactly 1. At this time, the pressure difference generated by the fluid flowing through the annular gap 22 acts on the cover plate 91, and the force formed is equal to the preload of the spring 94. The system is at the critical point of force balance, and the balance relationship is Equation 2-1: When the ratio of the actual velocity to the critical velocity is less than 1, the stiffness regulating valve 9 is in the open state; when the ratio is equal to 1, the stiffness regulating valve is in the critical state of starting to close; when the ratio is greater than or equal to 1.2, it is in the fully closed state; when the ratio is between greater than 1 and less than 1.2, it is in the transition state from starting to close to being fully closed. To verify that the valve can achieve completely reliable closure when the ratio of the actual velocity to the critical velocity is 1.2, this invention conducted computational fluid dynamics numerical simulation. The simulation used dynamic mesh technology to accurately reproduce the dynamic process of fluid flowing through the annular gap 22 and driving the cover plate 91 to close when the piston rod 4 accelerates under seismic load.

[0066] According to experimental simulation results, when the ratio of the piston rod 4's movement speed to the critical speed is less than 1, the stiffness regulating valve 9 is in the open state. When the ratio of the piston rod 4's movement speed to the critical speed is 1, the stiffness regulating valve 9 is in the critical state of beginning to close, and the fluid pressure difference acting on the cover plate 91 and the preload of the spring 94 reach equilibrium. When the ratio of the piston rod 4's speed to the critical speed is 1.2, the simulation results show that the cover plate 91 has completed its entire closing stroke, the conical protrusion 95 and the concave contour 18 are in full contact to form a hard seal, the damping flow channel 17 is completely blocked, and the valve is in the fully closed state. This speed threshold ensures that the valve has sufficient power to overcome inertia, friction, and sealing resistance, achieving millisecond-level rapid and reliable closing. This simulation confirms the rationality and reliability of the design parameters of this invention from a fluid mechanics perspective.

[0067] In the formula:

[0068] This refers to the pressure difference generated when a viscous fluid flows through a narrow annular gap 22;

[0069] The preload of spring 94 is a preset value;

[0070] This refers to the effective pressure-bearing area of ​​cover plate 91;

[0071] The fluid flow rate is the fluid flow rate through the annular gap 22 between the piston 10 and the cover plate 91.

[0072] The thickness of the annular gap 22 between the cover plate 91 and the piston 10;

[0073] These are constants related to the constitutive relations of viscous fluids (such as power-law fluid models).

[0074] Substituting Equation 1-1 into Equation 2-1, we obtain the complete equation connecting the design parameters and the critical velocity, Equation 3-1: ;

[0075] Therefore, the critical velocity can be directly solved. The expression, Formula 4-1:

[0076] ;

[0077] This formula constitutes a closed, solvable system. It clearly reveals the critical velocity. It is not an empirical value that requires experimental determination, but rather a value determined by the spring preload. Cover plate area Key clearance dimensions Piston area and fluid properties The jointly determined and pre-calculated design results represent a significant advancement from experience-based design to parametric design. Based on the specific critical speed required by the target project (e.g., the threshold for distinguishing between slow temperature deformation and rapid seismic motion), the formula can be used to accurately calculate and set parameters such as spring preload. This enables the performance of the invention to achieve a high degree of predictability and customizability, meeting the needs of modern engineering for precise energy consumption control.

[0078] It should be noted that the piston rod speed The load condition velocity is an input variable caused by external loads (such as earthquakes and wind) acting on the structure. It is a known or unknown quantity in the simulation analysis.

[0079] Critical speed is a design threshold, a fixed parameter, and a characteristic speed value within the damper. In simulation and application, the specific state of the valve is determined based on the ratio range of the load condition speed and the critical speed. Critical speed and load condition speed are different physical quantities; the former is a fixed value dependent on the damper's own design parameters, while the latter is a variable that changes in real time.

[0080] Critical speed definition: This is a pre-set key speed threshold used to control the operation of the stiffness regulating valve 9. Its physical meaning is as follows: when the ratio of the load-condition speed to the critical speed is less than 1, the valve is in the open state; when the ratio is equal to 1, the valve is in the critical state of beginning to close; when the ratio is greater than or equal to 1.2, the valve is in the fully closed state; when the ratio is between greater than 1 and less than 1.2, the valve is in the transition state from beginning to fully closed. This range design is based on the valve's mechanical hysteresis characteristics, ensuring the smoothness of state changes. It remains the benchmark point for force balance. Its value is uniquely determined by inherent design parameters such as the preload of the valve spring, fluid properties, and valve structural dimensions. It is a fixed design parameter that reflects the characteristics of the damper itself.

[0081] Stiffness adjustment process:

[0082] When the structure deforms slowly due to temperature changes, the piston 10 moves at a low speed, and the viscous fluid flows slowly through the damping channel, below the critical velocity, resulting in a pressure difference on both sides of the cover plate 91. Smaller. At this time, × Cover plate bearing area The spring force keeps the cover plate in the open position (e.g.) Figure 3 (As shown in the diagram). Fluid can pass through the damping channel 17 almost unimpeded (e.g., as shown in the diagram). Figure 3 As shown by the middle arrow ②, the damper exhibits near-zero stiffness, acting like a thermal expansion joint, allowing the structure to deform freely and effectively releasing temperature stress.

[0083] When an earthquake causes rapid structural deformation, piston 10 moves at high speed, the fluid velocity increases sharply, and the pressure difference across the cover plate increases. A sudden surge, when × Cover plate bearing area At that time, the fluid pressure overcomes the preload of the spring 94, pushing the cover plate 91 to move axially (e.g. Figure 3 (In the direction indicated by the middle arrow ①), tightly seal and block the damping flow channel 17.

[0084] Traditional simulations ignore the travel before the valve closes. This invention establishes a virtual displacement quantification model for the first time, defining the actual travel of the cover plate 91 from the start of closing to complete closure as the key parameter.

[0085] Physical definition: Virtual displacement is defined as the actual stroke required for the cover plate 91 of the stiffness regulating valve 9 to move from the initial closed position to the fully sealed position. This stroke corresponds to the displacement of the piston rod 4 within the valve response time.

[0086] Significance of Innovation: Traditional simulations treat valve switching as an instantaneous process, ignoring virtual displacement, which leads to an underestimation of the flexible response in the initial stage of an earthquake. This invention introduces virtual displacement to accurately capture the virtual work phase before the valve closes, making the simulation closer to actual physical behavior and highlighting the delayed characteristics of the mechanical intelligent response.

[0087] Related structure: Virtual displacement directly depends on the geometric design of stiffness regulating valve 9 (such as the gap size between cover plate 91 and damping channel 17, spring 94 preload, etc.).

[0088] Once the finite element model is established, simulation analysis can be performed using finite element simulation software. In the software, the connection position and direction of the damper are defined, the input parameters and related models are entered, and then an explicit dynamic analysis method is selected. At the same time, the adaptive time step is set, and the state monitoring variables and output requirements are defined. Finally, the time history analysis of the damper's working state, the overall structural response evaluation, parameter sensitivity study, and optimization suggestions are performed.

[0089] The simulation calculation method of this invention breaks through the limitations of the traditional linear damping model and can accurately simulate the complex mechanical behavior of dampers under multi-state switching, virtual displacement effect and bidirectional seismic reciprocating action. This provides engineers with a powerful tool for accurate performance prediction and optimization in the design stage, reduces the technical risks of engineering applications, and ensures design safety.

[0090] Simulation analysis of earthquake reciprocating forces:

[0091] Dynamic simulation of valve switching mechanism:

[0092] When seismic forces cause structural cyclic motion, the damper exhibits unique dynamic characteristics, as demonstrated in the on-off cycle simulation:

[0093] Initial state: Valve is open, fluid flows freely;

[0094] Earthquake triggering: When the ratio of the moving speed of piston rod 4 to the critical speed is just greater than 1, the valve begins to close.

[0095] Fully locked: The conical protrusion 95 and the concave contour 18 form a hard seal;

[0096] Earthquake reversal: The valve reopens, preparing for the next cycle. The creative differences from traditional damper simulation are shown in Table 1 below:

[0097] Table 1

[0098]

[0099] Furthermore, when the ratio of the load condition speed to the critical speed is less than 1, the stiffness regulating valve 9 is configured to be in the open state, causing the stiffness value of the viscous damper 21 to approach zero and be in a free deformation state; when the ratio of the load condition speed to the critical speed is equal to 1, the valve is in a critical state of beginning to close; when the ratio of the load condition speed to the critical speed is greater than or equal to 1.2, the stiffness regulating valve 9 is configured to be in a fully closed state, causing the stiffness value of the viscous damper 21 to be at its maximum and to transition from a free deformation state to a rigid connection state; when the ratio of the load condition speed to the critical speed gradually increases between greater than 1 and less than 1.2, the stiffness regulating valve 9 is configured to be in a transition state from beginning to close to being fully closed, causing the stiffness value of the viscous damper 21 to gradually increase.

[0100] Furthermore, the load condition velocity includes temperature load condition velocity, seismic force condition velocity, and transition velocity between temperature load condition velocity and seismic force condition velocity. The ratio of temperature load condition velocity to critical velocity is less than 1, the ratio of seismic force condition velocity to critical velocity is greater than or equal to 1.2, and the ratio of transition velocity to critical velocity is between greater than 1 and less than 1.2.

[0101] Specifically, based on the adaptive characteristics of the damper, the multi-state adaptive stiffness adjustment model has three operating modes, which are intelligently switched by comparing with the critical speed:

[0102] Free state (ratio of velocity to critical velocity under temperature load is less than 1): Simulates free expansion and contraction under temperature load;

[0103] Transient state (the ratio of the transition speed to the critical speed is between greater than 1 and less than 1.2): Simulates the gradual closing process of stiffness regulating valve 9;

[0104] Locked state (the ratio of seismic force condition velocity to critical velocity is greater than or equal to 1.2): simulates a rigid connection under earthquake conditions.

[0105] Furthermore, when establishing the virtual displacement quantization model of the stiffness regulating valve 9 during the process from fully open to fully closed, it is also necessary to obtain the real-time displacement of the viscous damper 21. Based on the real-time displacement, a displacement-stiffness relationship model of the stiffness regulating valve 9 is established, and the displacement-stiffness model is added to the finite element model. Specifically, the virtual displacement quantization model can be represented as the time difference between the opening and closing of the stiffness regulating valve. With piston speed The product of: ;

[0106] in, This is a virtual displacement. This is the response time of the valve from the start of closing to complete closure, and its value can be determined through fluid dynamics simulation to ensure the accuracy of the model.

[0107] In the simulation, virtual displacement This refers to the displacement of piston rod 4 during the mechanical response time from when the load condition speed reaches the point where the valve begins to close until the valve is actually fully closed. The purpose of virtual displacement is to more accurately quantify the virtual work done by the damper during the valve closing process in quasi-static simulation, so that the simulation model can more realistically reflect the mechanical behavior of the physical entity during state transition transients, thereby improving the simulation accuracy.

[0108] The above clearly states that virtual displacement is the displacement of the piston rod during the valve action response time. Its core physical meaning is that in numerical simulation, the valve state switching (such as from initial closing to complete closure) is not completed instantaneously. This virtual displacement model is used to quantify and simulate the dynamic behavior of the damper during this brief transition period, so as to more accurately account for the energy consumed in the valve action process (i.e., virtual work) in quasi-static analysis, making the simulation results closer to physical reality.

[0109] It is an independent physical model based on fundamental principles of kinematics. Among them: This refers to the load condition velocity, which is the velocity of the piston rod 4 instantaneously excited at the damper installation position by external loads (such as earthquakes and wind) in the simulation. This refers to the inherent mechanical response time required for the stiffness control valve 9 to transition from the initially closed state to the fully closed state. It is a fixed design parameter determined by the valve's own design. Its logical relationship refers to the duration of the transition phase during valve closure. (Inner), piston rod 4 moves at a speed under load. Continuous motion produces a displacement that is In the simulation, the speed is determined according to the load condition. With critical speed The ratio is used to determine whether the valve should be in the initial closing, fully closed, or transitional state. This is based on the load condition speed. When the conditions are met to allow the valve to transition from initial closure to complete closure, calculate the displacement of the piston rod during this transition period. This is used for subsequent virtual work calculations.

[0110] As shown below, the displacement-stiffness model uses an exponential function.

[0111] To simulate the smooth transition of stiffness from minimum to maximum value;

[0112] in, It is the real-time displacement of the piston. This function ensures a smooth transition during the valve closing process and avoids the stiffness abrupt change problem in traditional simulation. Refers to the current instantaneous stiffness; This refers to the minimum stiffness, i.e., the initial stiffness. This refers to the maximum stiffness, also known as the locking stiffness.

[0113] Dynamic cyclic simulation is used:

[0114] Initial state: Stiffness regulating valve is open, fluid flows freely, stiffness is... .

[0115] Earthquake triggering: When the ratio of the moving speed of piston rod 4 to the critical speed is greater than 1, it enters the transition state and virtual displacement begins to accumulate. The virtual displacement is accumulated using a cumulative algorithm based on the number of loops.

[0116] Furthermore, finite element simulation software was used to perform simulation analysis on the finite element model, and connector elements were used in the finite element software to simulate the viscous damper 21.

[0117] Example 2

[0118] The viscous damper 21 includes a cylinder body 1, a piston rod 4, and a piston 10. The cylinder body 1 has a closed damping cavity filled with damping fluid 19. The piston rod 4 passes through the damping cavity and slides with the cylinder body 1. The piston 10 is disposed on the piston rod 4 and divides the damping cavity into a first damping cavity 16 and a second damping cavity 11. The piston 10 is provided with a stiffness regulating valve 9 that controls the opening or closing of the first damping cavity 16 and the second damping cavity 11 based on the moving speed of the piston rod 4 to adaptively adjust the stiffness of the viscous damper 21.

[0119] Furthermore, at least one damping flow channel 17 is provided on the piston 10 along its axial direction to connect the first damping cavity 16 and the second damping cavity 11. The stiffness regulating valve 9 is disposed on the damping flow channel 17. The stiffness regulating valve 9 includes a cover plate 91, a spring 94, a guide screw 93 parallel to the piston rod 4, and a first sealing guide sleeve 92. The first sealing guide sleeve 92 is disposed inside the cover plate 91. The spring 94 is pre-pressed between the cover plate 91 and the piston 10. The guide screw 93 passes through the first sealing guide sleeve 92 and the spring 94 to connect the cover plate 91 and the piston 10. The moving speed of the piston rod 4 controls the cover plate 91 to move relative to the piston 10 along the axial direction of the guide screw 93 to conduct or block the first damping cavity 16 and the second damping cavity 11.

[0120] Specifically, the first sealing guide sleeve 92 works in conjunction with the cover plate 91. The first sealing guide sleeve 92 ensures that the cover plate 91 can only move precisely on the axis to avoid deflection. The cover plate 91 acts as a valve core, and its axial movement is used to open and close the damping flow channel 17. The guide screw 93 within the movement range of the cover plate 91 is a smooth rod to avoid obstructing the movement of the cover plate 91.

[0121] Furthermore, the diameter of the cover plate 91 is larger than the aperture of the damping channel 17. When the cover plate 91 is far away from the piston 10, it forms an annular gap 22 that communicates with the damping channel 17. The side of the cover plate 91 opposite to the piston 10 is provided with a conical protrusion 95. The two ends of the damping channel 17 have concave contours 18 that are adapted to the conical protrusion 95. The conical protrusion 95 and the concave contours 18 cooperate to control the opening and closing of the damping channel 17.

[0122] Furthermore, the piston 10 has a second sealing guide sleeve 2 on its side wall to seal the gap between the piston 10 side wall and the inner wall of the damping cavity. The cylinder body 1 has end caps 15 at both ends. One end cap 15 has a flexible dust cover 14 connected to the cylinder body 1 on its outer side. The flexible dust cover 14 has a dust cover 13 on its side away from the cylinder body 1. The other end cap 15 has a stroke cylinder 6 connected to the cylinder body 1 on its outer side. The stroke cylinder 6 and the end cap 15 form a cavity 5 for the piston rod 4 to move. The stroke cylinder 6 has a connecting rod 8 at its end away from the cylinder body 1. The end of the connecting rod 8 has a second connecting lug 7. One end of the piston rod 4 passes through the dust cover 13, the damping cavity, and the end cap 15 and extends into the cavity 5. The piston rod 4 and the end cap 15 can move relative to each other. The piston rod 4 has a third sealing guide sleeve 3 on its side wall to seal the gap between the piston rod 4 and the end cap 15. The end of the piston rod 4 located outside the dust cover 13 has a first connecting lug 12.

[0123] like Figure 2 and 3 As shown, the core of this invention lies in the adaptive stiffness regulating valve 9 integrated on the piston 10. This valve is a purely mechanical, speed-sensitive automatic switching device, composed of components such as a cover plate 91, a spring 94, multiple sealing guide sleeves, and guide screws 93.

[0124] To ensure that the damping channel 17 can be completely and reliably closed during an earthquake, a tapered protrusion 95 is designed at one end of the cover plate 91 (valve core) facing the damping channel 17, and matching concave contours 18 are designed at both ends of the damping channel 17. When the cover plate 91 moves to the closed position under the action of fluid pressure, the tapered protrusion 95 is embedded in the concave contour 18 to form a hard seal of line contact or surface contact. This completely eliminates the problem of incomplete closure that may be caused by processing errors or particulate impurities in pure planar seals, ensuring that the damping channel 17 is completely blocked and the fluid passage is completely cut off under high earthquake loads, thereby obtaining extremely high locking stiffness and force transmission reliability.

[0125] To achieve a rapid response, the diameter of the cover plate 91 is designed to be significantly larger than the diameter of the damping channel 17. Thus, when fluid flows through the narrow annular gap 22 between the cover plate 91 and the piston 10, the flow cross-section shrinks dramatically, and according to Bernoulli's principle, the fluid velocity at this point increases sharply, resulting in a significant pressure difference across the cover plate 91. Utilizing fluid dynamics, the increased area of ​​the cover plate 91 means that the same fluid pressure difference can generate a greater closing force. The combined effect of small gap, large pressure difference, and large effective area allows the cover plate 91 to obtain an amplified driving force, much larger than that of a simple flow model, when it senses a change in flow velocity. This causes it to move with extremely high acceleration, achieving the instantaneous and rapid closure of the damping channel 17. This mechanism ensures that the damper can capture the weak and rapid deformation signal at the beginning of an earthquake and lock it immediately, greatly improving the seismic safety of the structure.

[0126] Working process of adaptive stiffness regulating valve 9:

[0127] like Figure 3 As shown, under temperature load conditions (the ratio of the piston rod 4's movement speed to the critical speed is less than 1, and the piston rod 4 and piston 10 move synchronously): When the structure deforms slowly due to temperature changes, the piston rod 4 moves at a low speed, and the viscous fluid flows slowly through the damping channel 17, resulting in a small pressure difference on both sides of the valve cover plate 91. The closing force generated at this time is less than the preload of the spring 94. The preload keeps the cover plate 91 open, allowing the fluid to pass through the damping channel 17 almost unimpeded. The damper exhibits near-zero stiffness, acting like a thermal expansion joint, allowing the structure to deform freely and effectively releasing temperature stress.

[0128] Seismic force condition (the ratio of the movement speed of piston rod 4 to the critical speed is greater than 1 and continuously increases to over 1.2): When an earthquake causes rapid structural deformation, piston rod 4 moves to the left at high speed, the fluid velocity increases sharply, causing the pressure difference between the two sides of cover plate 91 to surge instantaneously. When the resulting closing force exceeds the preload of spring 94, the fluid pressure overcomes the preload of spring 94, pushing cover plate 91 to move rapidly axially to the right (e.g., Figure 3 The direction indicated by the middle arrow ① is to show that when the piston 10 moves to the left, the fluid flows in the direction of arrow ②), and the damping channel 17 is tightly sealed.

[0129] This valve-closing action is completed rapidly, representing a passive, self-sensing, and self-decision-making intelligent response. After the damping channel 17 is closed, fluid cannot pass through, and the movement of piston 10 is greatly restricted, causing the damper to instantly transition from a free state to a rigid connection state, generating extremely high stiffness and axial load-bearing capacity, thus affecting adjacent structural units (such as...). Figure 4 They are firmly connected into a single structural unit to resist earthquake forces.

[0130] The present invention also has a multi-seal system: it is provided with a first sealing guide sleeve 92, a second sealing guide sleeve 2 and a third sealing guide sleeve 3. Figure 2 and Figure 3 This ensures that there is no leakage of viscous fluids under high pressure, guaranteeing the reliability and durability of long-term operation.

[0131] High load-bearing capacity guarantee: The cylinder body 1, piston rod 4, first connecting lug 12, and second connecting lug 7 are all designed to withstand huge axial forces. After the damping flow channel 17 is blocked, the seismic force is directly transmitted through the path of piston 10-piston rod 4-cylinder body 1, which is extremely efficient and fully meets the high load-bearing capacity requirements of ultra-long structures.

[0132] Example 3

[0133] Based on the above embodiments, the present invention is also applicable to ultra-long concrete structure systems, including at least two structural units separated by a temperature deformation joint 20 (as shown in the attached figure). Figure 4 As shown in structural unit 1, structural unit 2, and structural unit 3, a viscous damper 21 is provided at the temperature deformation joint 20 between adjacent structural units to flexibly and intelligently connect the adjacent structural units into a whole.

[0134] In order to reliably transmit seismic forces in any direction during an earthquake, adjacent structural units need to be connected together by several adaptive dampers arranged axially and obliquely.

[0135] Axial damper: Its main purpose is to directly transmit axial seismic force along the normal direction of the temperature deformation joint.

[0136] Inclined dampers: Their main purpose is to coordinate and transmit non-axial horizontal forces (such as shear forces) and work in conjunction with axial dampers to form a complete restraint system capable of resisting multi-directional seismic forces.

[0137] Optimal Implementation Example – W-shaped Connection Unit: such as Figure 5 and Figure 6 As shown, a preferred embodiment is to concretize the above connection principle into a W-shaped connection unit. This unit consists of two axial viscous dampers 21 and two oblique viscous dampers 21 arranged at the same connection node, forming a stable and efficient force distribution pattern.

[0138] Work mode:

[0139] Temperature conditions: Under seasonal or diurnal temperature variations, each structural unit undergoes free thermal expansion and contraction, resulting in slow relative displacement. At this time, the damper is in a free state, providing almost no constraint stiffness, allowing the width of the temperature expansion joint to vary freely, thereby completely releasing internal temperature forces and preventing concrete cracking.

[0140] Earthquake Condition: When a sudden earthquake causes rapid relative movement of structural units, all dampers quickly and synchronously switch to the locked state, rigidly connecting the multiple independent structural units previously separated by structural joints into a complete integral load-bearing unit. At this time, the structural system has greater overall stiffness and bearing capacity to jointly resist the earthquake action, completely avoiding the collision damage risk that inevitably occurs in structures with joints.

[0141] Compared with existing technologies, this invention achieves a unified system of seismic resistance and temperature release for the first time. Through intelligent damper connections, it creates an innovative structural system that is separate yet continuous, and unites during earthquakes. By applying dampers to the temperature deformation joints 20 between adjacent structural units, an intelligent connection system is formed. Under temperature action, each unit can deform freely. Under seismic action, all dampers lock synchronously, stitching multiple independent units into a complete, integral load-bearing unit. This system ensures both the integrity and aesthetics of the building's function while significantly improving the structure's seismic safety, effectively avoiding the collision damage risk inherent in jointed structures. Its seismic performance far surpasses that of traditional jointed structures, effectively preventing secondary damage caused by collisions between joints.

[0142] This system eliminates the need for complex double columns and collision protection measures, simplifying construction and reducing overall costs. It is particularly suitable for ultra-long concrete structures with high requirements for spatial integrity, such as stadiums, airport terminals, large commercial centers, and extra-long industrial buildings.

[0143] Meanwhile, the system's intelligence relies entirely on the autonomous and rapid response of the internal mechanical structure of each damper, requiring no external energy or complex control system, resulting in low maintenance costs, reliable operation, and a lifespan synchronized with the building structure.

[0144] To accurately illustrate the practical effects of this invention in reducing engineering costs and carbon emissions, a city rail transit parking lot project is used as an example. A four-story reinforced concrete frame structure with a plan dimension of 100m × 300m is employed. Six structural models with typical column spans of 9m, 12m, and 15m are established, and comparative analysis is conducted based on computer simulation. The comparison schemes are as follows:

[0145] Option 1 (Conventional Overall Structure): No structural joints are set. To resist temperature stress, the reinforcement ratio of the floor slab needs to be increased from the conventional 0.3% to 0.5%-0.6%, the beam reinforcement needs to be increased by 20%-30%, and prestressed steel strands (about 8-10 kg / m²) need to be installed.

[0146] Option 2 (the present invention): Two temperature deformation joints are set to divide the structure into three units of about 100m in length. The units are connected by dampers, and each unit is designed according to the conventional 100m structure.

[0147] The main technical and economic indicators of the two schemes are compared in Table 2 below:

[0148] Table 2

[0149]

[0150] Key benefits are reflected in:

[0151] Significant reduction in temperature-controlled steel reinforcement: The biggest saving point of this invention lies in the temperature-controlled steel reinforcement. For ultra-long structures, in order to control cracking, the temperature-controlled steel reinforcement ratio usually needs to be increased to more than 0.5%, while for 100-meter structures, only 0.25%-0.3% is needed. This alone can save more than 40% of the amount of temperature-controlled steel reinforcement.

[0152] Complete elimination of prestressing measures: Eliminating the prestressing system not only saves on steel strand materials, but also saves on the costs of complex procedures such as anchorage and tensioning construction, which is an important factor in reducing costs.

[0153] Significant reduction in carbon emissions: In the production of building materials, the carbon emission factor of steel is much higher than that of concrete (approximately 2.0 kg CO2e / kg steel vs 0.2 kg CO2e / kg concrete). The reduction in the amount of steel reinforcement used in temperature control has made the most significant contribution to reducing carbon emissions.

[0154] In practical engineering applications, taking a 100,000-square-meter building as an example, the solution of this invention is expected to save approximately 300-450 tons of steel, reduce carbon emissions by approximately 600-800 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent, and save approximately 3-4 million yuan in project costs. This saving effect has significant economic and environmental benefits in large public buildings.

[0155] This invention, through its innovative mechanical self-adaptive principle, not only solves the technical challenges of ultra-long structures, but also achieves considerable economic and environmental benefits while ensuring structural safety, providing a practical and feasible technical path for the development of green buildings.

[0156] The overall benefits of this invention compared with traditional solutions are shown in Table 3 below:

[0157] Table 3

[0158]

[0159] The above data is based on model calculations, which not only demonstrates the significant advantages of the present invention, but also ensures the credibility and feasibility of the data, providing a reliable technical and economic reference for the design of ultra-long structures.

[0160] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features. Such modifications or substitutions will not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-bearing-capacity earthquake-temperature adaptive viscous damper, characterized in that, The device includes a cylinder body, a piston rod, and a piston. The cylinder body has a closed damping cavity filled with damping fluid. The piston rod passes through the damping cavity and slides with the cylinder body. The piston is mounted on the piston rod and divides the damping cavity into a first damping cavity and a second damping cavity. The piston is equipped with a stiffness regulating valve that controls the connection or blockage between the first and second damping cavities based on the piston rod's moving speed to adaptively adjust the stiffness of the viscous damper. The piston has at least one damping flow channel along its axial direction that connects the first damping cavity and the second damping cavity. The stiffness regulating valve is disposed on the damping flow channel. The stiffness regulating valve includes a cover plate, a spring, a guide screw parallel to the piston rod, and a first sealing guide sleeve. The first sealing guide sleeve is disposed inside the cover plate. The spring is pre-compressed between the cover plate and the piston. The guide screw passes through the first sealing guide sleeve and the spring to connect the cover plate and the piston. The moving speed of the piston rod controls the cover plate to move relative to the piston along the axial direction of the guide screw to conduct or block the first damping cavity and the second damping cavity. The diameter of the cover plate is larger than the aperture of the damping channel. When the cover plate and the piston are far apart, an annular gap is formed that connects with the damping channel. The side of the cover plate opposite to the piston is provided with a conical protrusion. The two ends of the damping channel have concave contours that are adapted to the conical protrusions. The conical protrusions and concave contours cooperate to control the opening and closing of the damping channel. When the ratio of the load condition velocity to the critical velocity is less than 1, the stiffness regulating valve is configured to be in the open state, causing the stiffness value of the viscous damper to approach zero and be in a free deformation state; when the ratio of the load condition velocity to the critical velocity is greater than or equal to 1.2, the stiffness regulating valve is configured to be in the fully closed state, causing the stiffness value of the viscous damper to be at its maximum and to transition from the free deformation state to the rigid connection state; when the ratio of the load condition velocity to the critical velocity gradually increases between 1 and 1.2, the stiffness regulating valve is configured to be in a transition state from initial closure to complete closure, causing the stiffness value of the viscous damper to gradually increase.

2. The high-bearing-capacity earthquake-temperature adaptive viscous damper according to claim 1, characterized in that, The piston sidewall is provided with a second sealing guide sleeve to seal the gap between the piston sidewall and the inner wall of the damping cavity. The cylinder body is provided with end caps at both ends. One end cap is provided with a flexible dust cover connected to the cylinder body on its outer side. A dust cover is provided on the side of the flexible dust cover away from the cylinder body. The other end cap is provided with a stroke cylinder connected to the cylinder body on its outer side. A cavity for piston rod movement is formed between the stroke cylinder and the end cap. A connecting rod is provided at the end of the stroke cylinder away from the cylinder body. A second connecting lug is provided at the end of the connecting rod. One end of the piston rod extends into the cavity through the dust cover, the damping cavity, and the end cap. The piston rod and the end cap can move relative to each other. A third sealing guide sleeve is provided on the piston rod sidewall to seal the gap between the piston rod and the end cap. A first connecting lug is provided at the end of the piston rod located outside the dust cover.

3. A simulation calculation method for the high-bearing-capacity earthquake-temperature adaptive viscous damper as described in claim 2, characterized in that, include: S1: Establish a three-dimensional solid model of the temperature deformation joint and the viscous damper with stiffness regulating valve; S2: Obtain the finite element model of the 3D solid model; S3: Obtain the critical speed at which the stiffness regulating valve operates, and obtain the load condition speed of the viscous damper. Based on the ratio of the load condition speed to the critical speed, establish a multi-state adaptive stiffness regulation model for the viscous damper. S4: Obtain the time difference between the stiffness regulating valve and the time difference between the start of closing and the complete closing. Based on the relationship between the time difference and the piston rod speed, establish a virtual displacement quantification model of the stiffness regulating valve during the process from the start of closing to the complete closing. S5: Add the multi-state adaptive stiffness adjustment model and the virtual displacement quantization model to the finite element model; S6: Perform mechanical simulation analysis on the finite element model with added multi-state adaptive stiffness adjustment model and virtual displacement quantization model; Among them, the multi-state adaptive stiffness adjustment model is a simulation calculation module built and encapsulated in finite element software to realize intelligent stiffness adjustment of viscous dampers. Based on the ratio of the input load condition speed to the preset critical speed, it automatically judges and outputs the opening, closing or transition state of the stiffness adjustment valve, and then dynamically assigns the corresponding stiffness value to the viscous damper. The virtual displacement quantization model is a mathematical model used to quantify the additional displacement generated by the piston rod during the response time of a stiffness regulating valve from initial closure to full closure. It is expressed as follows: ; in, Virtual displacement refers to the displacement of the piston rod during the mechanical response time from when the speed reaches the threshold of the load condition and triggers the valve to begin closing until the valve is actually fully closed. It is the speed of the piston rod. It is the response time of the valve from the start of closing to complete closure.

4. The simulation calculation method according to claim 3, characterized in that, The load condition velocity includes the temperature load condition velocity, the seismic force condition velocity, and the transition velocity between the temperature load condition velocity and the seismic force condition velocity. The ratio of the temperature load condition velocity to the critical velocity is less than 1, the ratio of the seismic force condition velocity to the critical velocity is greater than or equal to 1.2, and the ratio of the transition velocity to the critical velocity is between greater than 1 and less than 1.

2.

5. The simulation calculation method according to claim 4, characterized in that, When establishing a virtual displacement quantification model for the stiffness regulating valve during the process from initial closure to complete closure, it is also necessary to obtain the real-time displacement of the viscous damper. Based on the real-time displacement, a displacement-stiffness relationship model of the stiffness regulating valve is established, and this displacement-stiffness model is added to the finite element model. The finite element model is then simulated using finite element simulation software. Connector elements are used to simulate the viscous damper in the finite element software, and an exponential function is used for the displacement-stiffness model. To simulate the smooth transition of stiffness values ​​from minimum to maximum; in, This function measures the real-time displacement of the piston, ensuring a smooth transition during valve closing and avoiding the abrupt stiffness changes common in traditional simulations. Refers to the current instantaneous stiffness; This refers to the minimum stiffness, i.e., the initial stiffness. This refers to the maximum stiffness, i.e., the locking stiffness.

6. An ultra-long concrete structure system, characterized in that, It includes at least two structural units separated by a temperature deformation joint (20), and a viscous damper is provided at the temperature deformation joint (20) between adjacent structural units. The viscous damper flexibly connects the adjacent structural units into a whole. The viscous damper is the high bearing capacity earthquake-temperature adaptive viscous damper as described in any one of claims 1-2.

Images