Disaster prevention and drainage method and system for slope body under strong storm rain cascade effect

Abstract

The application provides a disaster prevention and drainage method and system for a slope body under strong storm cascade effect, relates to the technical field of geological disaster prevention and control and geotechnical engineering monitoring and control, and the method is characterized in that: characteristic extraction is performed on original input data to obtain wind field characteristic data, rain intensity characteristic data, hydraulic response data and deformation monitoring data; whether the gust speed and the short duration rain intensity exceed the preset environmental trigger threshold value is judged, and an environmental recognition start signal is output; the risk quantitative value under the wind and rain coupling effect is calculated to obtain a wind and rain cascade risk index and an available safety coefficient; through comparison, a hierarchical wind reduction instruction, a hierarchical drainage instruction and an unloading trigger instruction are obtained, the posture of a wind reduction plate is adjusted to reduce wind-induced disturbance, the opening of a vertical seepage pipe is adjusted to control the pore pressure of the slope body, and a disaster prevention and drainage result is obtained. The application solves the problem of how to realize adaptive linkage control of multiple components and keep the mechanical response within a safety threshold.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of geological disaster prevention and control and geotechnical engineering monitoring and control technology, and in particular to a method and system for disaster prevention and drainage of covered slopes under the cascading effect of strong storms and rain. Background Technology

[0002] Typhoons or severe convective weather are often accompanied by gusts and short-duration heavy rainfall. Under strong wind conditions, the overturning moment of vegetation on covered slopes is transmitted through the root-soil system, inducing tensile cracking near the root plate, interface relaxation, and preferential channels. The subsequent torrential rain, under the combined effects of canopy-penetrating rainfall and stem runoff from tributaries, causes strong spatial heterogeneity in near-surface infiltration, leading to a rapid increase in shallow pore pressure and concentrated slope runoff. Most existing technologies model the "wind load effect" and "torrential rain infiltration" separately, or only provide passive drainage and post-event treatment, lacking a real-time perception-prediction-active control closed-loop scheme oriented towards cascading mechanisms. At the same time, insufficient attention is paid to the unloading and bypass design of the "tree-anchor-soil" ternary coupling mechanics, which easily leads to excessive response of the vegetation on the covered slope during sudden storms.

[0003] This inevitably restricts the dynamic assessment of the disaster-causing mechanisms and risks of landslides and debris flows caused by water-soil-biodiversity coupling in typhoon scenarios, as well as the development of key technologies for the coordinated management of covered slopes using geotechnical and biological measures. Therefore, it is necessary to provide an intelligent sensing and active control system and method for covered slopes in the context of strong wind-torrential rain cascade scenarios, so as to achieve dynamic assessment and engineering control of the water-soil-biodiversity coupling disaster-causing process. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the aforementioned shortcomings in existing technologies, this invention provides a disaster prevention and drainage method and system for covered slopes under the cascading effect of strong storms and heavy rains. This solves the problem of how to achieve adaptive linkage control of multiple components such as drainage, wind shearing, and unloading based on indicators, so as to keep shallow pore pressure, slope runoff, and tree-soil mechanical response within safe thresholds.

[0005] To achieve the aforementioned objectives, the technical solution adopted by this invention is: a method for disaster prevention and drainage of covered slopes under the cascading effects of strong storms and heavy rain, comprising:

[0006] S1: Filter and extract features from the original input data to obtain wind field feature data, rainfall intensity feature data, hydraulic response data, and deformation monitoring data;

[0007] S2: When the gust speed in the wind field characteristic data and the short duration rainfall intensity in the rainfall intensity characteristic data exceed the preset environmental trigger threshold, the linkage control state is entered and an environmental identification start signal is output.

[0008] S3: After receiving the environmental identification activation signal, based on wind field characteristic data, rainfall intensity characteristic data, hydraulic response data and deformation monitoring data, the risk quantification value under wind and rain coupling effect is calculated by weighted summation algorithm to obtain the wind and rain cascade risk index; based on the limit equilibrium principle, combined with the root reinforcement effect and wind load influence, the current stability coefficient of the slope is calculated to obtain the available safety factor.

[0009] S4: Compare the wind and rain cascade risk index with the preset risk level threshold, compare the available safety factor with the preset safety factor threshold, determine the current risk level based on the comparison results, and generate the corresponding control parameters according to the preset control logic table to obtain the graded wind reduction command, graded wind diversion command, and unloading trigger command.

[0010] S5: Based on the graded wind-cutting command, graded drainage command, and unloading trigger command, the wind-cutting plate posture is adjusted to reduce wind-induced disturbance and transfer the load on trees, the vertical seepage pipe opening is adjusted to control the slope pore pressure, and the slope hydrological process is adjusted to obtain the disaster prevention and drainage results, and complete the disaster prevention and drainage of the covered slope under the cascading effect of strong winds and rainstorms.

[0011] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention provides a disaster prevention and drainage method for covered slopes under the cascading effect of strong storms and heavy rains. It uses FRCI to quantitatively couple "gusts – crown penetration / stem flow – pore pressure surge – root mechanics" and combines it with FoS* to form a dual-index control. The variable-aperture "surface-vertical" row unit realizes on-demand drainage, suppressing pore pressure peaks and slope erosion. The system is modular, low-energy, and friendly to native cover, and has engineering promotion value.

[0012] Further, S2 includes:

[0013] Obtain gust speed from wind field characteristic data and short-duration rainfall intensity from rainfall intensity characteristic data;

[0014] When any one of the following conditions is met—that is, gust speed exceeding a preset gust threshold and short-duration rainfall intensity exceeding a preset rainfall intensity threshold, or short-term wind speed exceeding a preset wind speed threshold and short-duration rainfall intensity exceeding a preset rainfall intensity threshold—and this condition persists for a preset duration, the system enters the linkage control state and outputs an environmental recognition start signal.

[0015] By using a joint threshold discrimination of gust speed and short-duration rainfall intensity, the system can cover situations where "wind and rain occur simultaneously," improving the applicability and robustness of severe storm and rain environment identification. Furthermore, employing in-window statistical expressions of short-duration (15-minute) gust factors and short-duration (15-minute) average rainfall intensity can reduce the interference of instantaneous extreme values ​​on triggering, making the environment identification activation signal more consistent with the disaster-causing timescale of gust pulsations and short-duration heavy rainfall. This reduces false triggering and allows for earlier entry into the linkage control process.

[0016] Furthermore, the expression for the environment recognition activation signal is:

[0017] ;

[0018] ;

[0019] in, This represents the 15-minute gust factor, i.e., the short-duration gust factor. Indicates the current evaluation moment. This indicates that the maximum value of the wind speed time history is taken within the time window. This represents the time variable within a time window. This represents the time history value of wind speed. This represents the average wind speed. This represents the 15-minute average rainfall intensity, i.e., the short-duration average rainfall intensity. This represents the time-history value of rainfall intensity.

[0020] By employing a truncated linear function to unify and normalize the different dimensional characteristics of wind, rain, hydraulics, and deformation into dimensionless sub-indices, and obtaining the wind-rain cascade risk index through weighted summation, the impact of dimensional differences and scale effects on the fusion results can be significantly reduced. The truncation mechanism can suppress the irrational amplification of the risk index caused by outliers / outliers, improving the accuracy of the corresponding assessments; at the same time, the weights can be calibrated or updated according to cover type, slope position, and soil properties, enhancing the transferability and interpretability of the project.

[0021] Furthermore, the process of calculating the wind and rain cascading risk index in S3 includes:

[0022] After receiving the environmental identification activation signal, based on wind field characteristic data, rainfall intensity characteristic data, hydraulic response data, and deformation monitoring data, the data is normalized using a truncated linear function to obtain dimensionless sub-indices.

[0023] Based on dimensionless sub-indices, a weighted summation algorithm is used to calculate the risk quantification value under the coupling effect of wind and rain, thus obtaining the wind and rain cascade risk index.

[0024] By weighted summing of dimensionless sub-indices, a wind and rain cascade risk index is obtained. This index can solidify the nonlinear amplification effect of the "gust-short-duration heavy rainfall" cascade condition on risk in a calculable form, enhancing the sensitivity to identifying key disaster-causing windows. A lag time is introduced. τ The gating function can characterize the temporal impact of wind disturbance on the subsequent infiltration-pore pressure response, making the risk index closer to the actual process without relying on strict synchronization conditions; at the same time, the threshold parameter and enhancement coefficient are easy to calibrate by region, thereby achieving reproducible risk classification in different engineering scenarios.

[0025] Furthermore, the expression for the wind and rain cascading risk index is:

[0026] ;

[0027] ;

[0028] ;

[0029] ;

[0030] ;

[0031] in, This indicates the risk index of cascading wind and rain. Indicates the current evaluation moment. Indicates the first j The weighting coefficient of each sub-indicator j Indicates the sub-index number. n This indicates the total number of sub-indicators included in the integration. Indicates the first j The dimensionless sub-indices obtained by normalizing the original feature quantities This represents the process of linearly mapping the original features to standardized variables. Indicates the relationship with the first j The original feature values ​​corresponding to each sub-indicator This represents the high-risk threshold of the original feature quantity. This represents the initial risk threshold for the original feature quantity. This indicates the truncation of the linear normalization function. Represents the intermediate variable for normalization. This indicates the cascading risk index of wind and rain after enhanced gating. Indicates the enhancement coefficient. This indicates the trigger flag obtained by the gating function. Indicates the lag time. This represents the short-duration gust factor gating threshold. This represents the short-duration rainfall intensity factor gating threshold. This represents the 15-minute gust factor, i.e., the short-duration gust factor. It represents the average rainfall intensity over 15 minutes, i.e., the short-duration average rainfall intensity.

[0032] By introducing a wind-induced disturbance reduction term and combining it with slope geometric parameters, physical and mechanical parameters, and real-time pore pressure, the available safety factor can simultaneously reflect both the "effective stress reduction caused by rainfall infiltration" and the "additional adverse effects caused by strong wind disturbance," avoiding the limitations of evaluating stability solely based on a single factor related to rainstorm disasters. The available safety factor employs a limit equilibrium framework and can be updated rapidly, facilitating parallel input of the wind and rain cascade risk index into the state machine criterion. This provides low-latency, interpretable safety margin support for graded wind reduction and graded drainage.

[0033] Furthermore, the process of calculating the available safety factor in S3 includes:

[0034] Based on wind field characteristic data, the wind-induced disturbance conversion term is obtained through calculation;

[0035] Based on the slope's geometric parameters, physical and mechanical parameters, real-time pore pressure, and wind-induced disturbance conversion terms, the ratio of the anti-sliding force considering root reinforcement and suction contribution to the sliding force considering gravity and wind load is calculated to obtain the usable safety factor.

[0036] By providing an explicit calculation of the available safety factor and clarifying the meaning of each component, key mechanisms such as the effective strength parameter of the slip zone, the equivalent reinforcement contribution of the root system, the time-varying additional cohesion term, the real-time pore water pressure, and the wind load equivalent shear stress can be uniformly incorporated into the same stability index, improving the physical consistency and engineering verifiability of the model. This expression can be directly used for online calculation and process recording, facilitating the tracing of the dominant contributors to changes in the available safety factor under early warning, reinforcement, and emergency levels, supporting interpretable decision-making for control strategies.

[0037] Furthermore, the expression for the available safety factor is:

[0038] ;

[0039] in, Indicates the available safety factor. Indicates the evaluation moment. Indicates the effective cohesion of the slip zone soil. This represents the equivalent root cohesion provided by the covered root system to the soil. This represents the time-varying additional cohesion term related to the hydraulic / structural state of the overlying soil. This indicates the unit weight of the soil in the sliding mass. This represents the equivalent thickness of the potential sliding body. Indicates the slope angle. This represents the pore water pressure acting at the potential sliding surface. Indicates the effective internal friction angle of the slip zone soil. This represents the additional driving shear stress of wind load converted to the direction of the potential sliding surface, i.e., the wind-induced disturbance conversion term.

[0040] By employing a joint grading criterion based on the wind and rain cascade risk index and the available safety factor, and introducing state machine logic, complementary coverage of the two triggering links of "risk increase or safety margin decrease" can be achieved, reducing false alarms and improving the response capability to different instability precursors. A hysteresis variable is introduced in the rollback phase, allowing step-by-step rollback only when the index meets the rollback conditions, which can suppress improper misjudgments caused by frequent switching near the threshold. Graded wind-cutting commands and graded drainage commands are output according to the state level, and unloading trigger commands are output in the emergency linkage state, ensuring that the action intensity of wind-cutting plates, vertical seepage pipes, and bypass unloading strategies is consistent with the risk level, achieving multi-component adaptive linkage control.

[0041] Further, S4 includes:

[0042] Based on the wind and rain cascading risk index and the availability safety factor, state machine logic is used for processing. When the wind and rain cascading risk index meets either the warning threshold or the availability safety factor is lower than the warning safety threshold, the system enters the warning linkage state. When the wind and rain cascading risk index and the availability safety factor reach the reinforcement threshold, the system enters the reinforcement linkage state. When the wind and rain cascading risk index and the availability safety factor reach the emergency threshold, the system enters the emergency linkage state.

[0043] The current risk level is determined based on the early warning linkage status, enhanced linkage status, and emergency linkage status.

[0044] When reverting to a lower state, a hysteresis factor is introduced for handling. Only when the wind and rain cascade risk index is lower than the revert threshold that takes into account the hysteresis factor is a revert from a higher state to a lower state is allowed.

[0045] Based on the currently determined state level and the preset control logic table, the corresponding control parameters are generated, and the corresponding graded wind reduction command and graded drainage command are obtained; when in emergency linkage state, the unloading trigger command is obtained.

[0046] By incorporating root moisture content and stem flow rate into the drainage control link, and calculating the equivalent infiltration intensity and the equivalent infiltration intensity, the drainage decision-making can reflect the spatial heterogeneity of infiltration caused by canopy penetration / stem flow convergence under cover conditions. Furthermore, by comparing the equivalent infiltration intensity with the soil infiltration capacity to generate an over-infiltration runoff signal, feedforward triggering can be achieved before slope runoff concentration. Combined with tiered drainage commands to control the valve positions of vertical infiltration pipes, and by activating surface diversion channels in emergency situations, a coordinated drainage path of "surface-vertical" can be formed, thereby simultaneously reducing the risks of slope erosion and slope pore pressure.

[0047] Furthermore, the process of adjusting the vertical seepage pipe opening by executing the graded drainage command in S5 includes:

[0048] Based on the root water content and stem flow rate in the hydraulic response data, the stem flow rate is calculated to obtain the equivalent intensity.

[0049] Based on real-time rainfall intensity and stem flow equivalent intensity, the equivalent infiltration intensity is obtained through calculation.

[0050] The equivalent infiltration intensity is compared with the soil infiltration capacity. When the equivalent infiltration intensity exceeds the infiltration capacity, the excess flow signal is obtained.

[0051] Combining the graded drainage instructions and the over-permeability flow signal, the system outputs control to open the vertical seepage pipe valve to the corresponding position; upon receiving the graded drainage instructions corresponding to the emergency level, it also outputs a linkage control signal to open the surface diversion channel for surface drainage.

[0052] The system adopts a modular architecture of "data acquisition and preprocessing—environmental identification—risk assessment—decision control—execution guidance," which can extract features from multi-source monitoring data at the edge and output the wind and rain cascade risk index and available safety factor, thereby achieving unified closed-loop control of windbreak plate attitude, vertical seepage pipe opening, and bypass unloading triggering. Each module has a clear responsibility and standardized interfaces, which facilitates customized deployment and parameter distribution according to engineering needs, improving system maintainability and engineering scalability. At the same time, through graded windbreak and graded guidance, and triggering bypass unloading when necessary, it can achieve coordinated disaster prevention and guidance effects of disturbance suppression, pore pressure control, and tree load transfer during strong wind and rain cascades.

[0053] This invention provides a disaster prevention and drainage system for covered slopes under the cascading effects of severe storms and heavy rainfall, comprising:

[0054] The data acquisition and preprocessing module is used to acquire raw input data, filter and extract features from the raw input data to obtain wind field feature data, rainfall intensity feature data, hydraulic response data and deformation monitoring data;

[0055] The environment recognition module is used to enter the linkage control state and output an environment recognition start signal when the gust speed in the wind field characteristic data and the short duration rainfall intensity in the rainfall intensity characteristic data exceed the preset environment trigger threshold.

[0056] The risk assessment module is used to calculate the risk quantification value under the wind and rain coupling effect based on wind field characteristic data, rainfall intensity characteristic data, hydraulic response data and deformation monitoring data after receiving the environmental identification start signal, and obtain the wind and rain cascade risk index by using a weighted summation algorithm; based on the limit equilibrium principle, combined with the root reinforcement effect and the influence of wind load, the current stability coefficient of the slope is calculated to obtain the available safety factor.

[0057] The decision control module is used to compare the wind and rain cascade risk index with the preset risk level threshold, compare the available safety factor with the preset safety factor threshold, determine the current risk level based on the comparison results, and generate corresponding control parameters according to the preset control logic table to obtain the graded wind reduction command, graded wind diversion command, and unloading trigger command.

[0058] The execution and drainage module is used to respond to graded wind-cutting commands, graded drainage commands, and unloading trigger commands. It adjusts the attitude of the wind-cutting plate to reduce wind-induced disturbance and transfer the load on the trees, adjusts the opening of the vertical seepage pipe to control the pore pressure of the slope, and regulates the hydrological process of the slope surface to obtain disaster prevention and drainage results, and completes the disaster prevention and drainage of the covered slope under the cascading effect of strong winds and rainstorms. Attached Figure Description

[0059] This specification will be further described by way of exemplary embodiments, which will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are not limiting; in these embodiments, the same reference numerals denote the same structures, wherein:

[0060] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a disaster prevention and drainage system for covered slopes under the cascading effect of severe storms, as shown in some embodiments of this specification.

[0061] Figure 2 This is an exemplary flowchart illustrating a disaster prevention and drainage method for covered slopes under the cascading effect of severe storms, according to some embodiments of this specification.

[0062] Figure 3-5 This is an exemplary schematic diagram of a cross-section of a multi-source sensor and a typical arrangement according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0063] Figure 6 This is an exemplary schematic diagram of the hierarchical active guidance unit structure and linkage shown in some embodiments of this specification;

[0064] Figure 7 This is an exemplary schematic diagram of a tree-anchor coupled bypass unloading device structure shown in some embodiments of this specification;

[0065] Figure 8 These are exemplary schematic diagrams illustrating control logic and state machine processes according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0066] Figure 9 This is an exemplary schematic diagram of the structure of a wind and rain risk monitoring and safety assessment system based on some embodiments of this specification, which utilizes multi-source sensing edge computing and control.

[0067] Figure 10This is an exemplary schematic diagram of the time series curves of key environmental indicators (precipitation, maximum wind speed, G15 and I15) in a strong wind-rainstorm cascade, as shown in some embodiments of this specification.

[0068] Figure 11 This is an exemplary schematic diagram illustrating the time variation of the Cascaded Risk Index (FRCI*) according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0069] Figure 12 This is an exemplary schematic diagram showing the available safety factor (FoS*) and threshold variations according to some embodiments of this specification;

[0070] Figure 13 This is an exemplary schematic diagram of the time series output by the state machine according to some embodiments of this specification. Detailed Implementation

[0071] The specific embodiments of the present invention are described below to enable those skilled in the art to understand the present invention. However, it should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific embodiments. For those skilled in the art, various changes are obvious as long as they are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the appended claims. All inventions utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

[0072] Example 1

[0073] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a module for disaster prevention and drainage of covered slopes under the cascading effect of strong storms and heavy rain, as shown in some embodiments of this specification.

[0074] In some embodiments, disaster prevention and mitigation of covered slopes under the cascading effect of severe storms and rainstorms may include a data acquisition and preprocessing module, an environmental identification module, a risk assessment module, a decision control module, and an execution and mitigation module.

[0075] The data acquisition and preprocessing module is used to acquire raw input data, filter and extract features from the raw input data to obtain wind field feature data, rainfall intensity feature data, hydraulic response data and deformation monitoring data.

[0076] The environment recognition module is used to enter the linkage control state and output an environment recognition start signal when the gust speed in the wind field characteristic data and the short duration rainfall intensity in the rainfall intensity characteristic data exceed the preset environment trigger threshold.

[0077] In some embodiments, the environment identification module is specifically configured to: acquire gust speed from wind field characteristic data and short duration rainfall intensity from rainfall intensity characteristic data; determine whether one of the following two conditions is met: the gust speed exceeds a first wind speed threshold and the short duration rainfall intensity exceeds a first rainfall intensity threshold; or the gust speed exceeds a second wind speed threshold, wherein the second wind speed threshold is greater than the first wind speed threshold; when either of the above conditions is met and continues for a preset time length, the environment identification is determined to be successful, and the environment identification start signal is output.

[0078] The risk assessment module, upon receiving the environmental identification activation signal, calculates the risk quantification value under the wind-rain coupling effect using a weighted summation algorithm based on wind field characteristic data, rainfall intensity characteristic data, hydraulic response data, and deformation monitoring data, thus obtaining the wind-rain cascade risk index. Based on the limit equilibrium principle, combined with the root reinforcement effect and the influence of wind load, it calculates the current stability coefficient of the slope, thus obtaining the available safety factor.

[0079] In some embodiments, the risk assessment module is specifically configured to: based on wind field characteristic data, rainfall intensity characteristic data, hydraulic response data, and deformation monitoring data, perform normalization processing using a truncated linear function to obtain dimensionless sub-indices; and perform weighted summation on the dimensionless sub-indices to obtain the wind and rain cascade risk index.

[0080] In some embodiments, the risk assessment module is specifically configured to: calculate the wind-induced disturbance reduction term based on wind field characteristic data; and calculate the ratio of the anti-sliding force considering the contribution of root reinforcement and suction to the sliding force considering gravity and wind load based on slope geometric parameters, physical and mechanical parameters, real-time pore pressure and the wind-induced disturbance reduction term, thereby obtaining the available safety factor.

[0081] The decision control module is used to compare the wind and rain cascade risk index with the preset risk level threshold, compare the available safety factor with the preset safety factor threshold, determine the current risk level based on the comparison results, and generate corresponding control parameters according to the preset control logic table to obtain the graded wind reduction command, graded wind diversion command, and unloading trigger command.

[0082] In some embodiments, the decision control module is specifically configured to: process data based on the wind and rain cascade risk index and the available safety factor using state machine logic; enter the early warning linkage state when either the wind and rain cascade risk index exceeds the early warning threshold or the available safety factor is lower than the early warning safety threshold; enter the enhanced linkage state when the wind and rain cascade risk index and the available safety factor reach the enhanced threshold; enter the emergency linkage state when the wind and rain cascade risk index and the available safety factor reach the emergency threshold; introduce hysteresis for processing during state rollback, allowing rollback from a higher-level state to a lower-level state only when the wind and rain cascade risk index is lower than the rollback threshold considering hysteresis; output corresponding graded wind reduction instructions and graded wind guidance instructions according to the currently determined state level; and output unloading trigger instructions when in the emergency linkage state.

[0083] The execution and drainage module is used to respond to graded wind-cutting commands, graded drainage commands, and unloading trigger commands. It adjusts the attitude of the wind-cutting plate to reduce wind-induced disturbance and transfer the load on the trees, adjusts the opening of the vertical seepage pipe to control the pore pressure of the slope, and regulates the hydrological process of the slope surface to obtain disaster prevention and drainage results, and completes the disaster prevention and drainage of the covered slope under the cascading effect of strong winds and rainstorms.

[0084] In some embodiments, the drainage execution module includes a vertical infiltration pipe, a surface diversion channel, and a valve control component. The drainage execution module also includes a calculation unit for calculating drainage logic. This calculation unit is specifically configured to: calculate the equivalent stem flow intensity based on root moisture content and stem flow rate in the hydraulic response data; calculate the equivalent infiltration intensity based on real-time rainfall intensity and the equivalent stem flow intensity; compare the equivalent infiltration intensity with the soil infiltration capacity; and generate an over-infiltration flow signal when the equivalent infiltration intensity exceeds the infiltration capacity. The valve control component is configured to combine the graded drainage command and the over-infiltration flow signal to control the vertical infiltration pipe valve to open to the corresponding position. Upon receiving a graded drainage command corresponding to the emergency level, it also includes outputting a linkage control signal to open the surface diversion channel for surface drainage.

[0085] In some embodiments, a disaster prevention and drainage system for covered slopes under the cascading effect of strong storms and rainstorms further includes: a multi-source sensing subsystem, which serves as the data source for the data acquisition and preprocessing module, including at least one of anemometers, rain gauges, crown force gauges, root water gauges, pore pressure / suction sensor arrays, inclinometers, crack gauges, fiber optic strain sensors, and trunk tilt sensors.

[0086] The edge computing gateway integrates the functions of the data acquisition and preprocessing module, environment identification module, risk assessment module, and decision control module.

[0087] Anemometer-1, using an ultrasonic anemometer or retrieved from a weather station, monitors slope gusts and wind speed changes.

[0088] Rain gauge-2, using a tipping bucket rain gauge or retrieved from a weather station; monitors the temporal changes of rainfall on the slope.

[0089] The crown force gauge-3 and root water gauge-4 use a combination of a ring Hall flow sensor and a weighing collector. The pore pressure / matrix suction sensor-5 is installed at a depth of 0.2–2.0m in the shallow surface layer of the slope.

[0090] Slope inclinometer / crack gauge-6, FBG or distributed fiber optic strain sensor-7 are deployed in the area near the root system of shallow vegetation on the covered slope, and trunk tilt sensor-12.

[0091] The low-power embedded gateway-16 is used to prioritize the identification of strong wind-rainstorm environments. After the identification is confirmed, it outputs control quantities in the order of "first wind reduction and stabilization, then rainfall drainage, and bypass unloading when necessary" to realize disturbance suppression, pore pressure control and safety assurance of the covered slope during the sudden wind and rain.

[0092] Data communication adopts a multi-link redundancy approach using LoRa / 4G / Ethernet; functionality utilizes a hybrid power supply method combining solar energy and supercapacitor / lithium battery.

[0093] In some embodiments, the execution guidance module further includes: a wind-cutting plate, controlled by the graded wind-cutting command, used to change its posture to reduce wind-induced disturbance; and a tree-anchor coupling bypass unloading device, controlled by the unloading trigger command or adaptively triggered by a mechanical structure, including a clamp assembly, a sliding bypass and a ground anchor, used to transfer the load to the ground anchor when the tree load exceeds the limit.

[0094] The sliding force-limiting bypass connects the trunk clamp to the ground anchor (rock nail / soil anchor / ground bolt), and includes an adjustable friction clutch and a disposable shear pin. When gusts of wind cause the trunk to turn or the top displacement to exceed the threshold, the device first limits the force and slides, and then the anchor cable bears part of the horizontal torque, reducing root plate cracking and disturbance of the overlying soil.

[0095] Variable opening surface-vertical interconnection device: It consists of a shallow trench, a manifold, and a vertical infiltration pipe. The top of the vertical infiltration pipe is equipped with an electric louver valve and a reverse filter module. The opening is adjusted according to the linkage of the zones to complete the runoff drainage.

[0096] Near-surface deflector: A vegetation-penetrating deflector that automatically veers according to gust direction, reducing near-surface wind shear and adverse wind effects.

[0097] Slope micro-diversion-energy-dissipating grid: Foldable grid and overflow weir, suppressing thin laminar flow erosion on slopes and diverting runoff into drainage areas.

[0098] A force-limiting tree-anchor bypass unloader is proposed, which shifts the wind load from "tree-root-soil" to "tree-anchor-foundation" during the critical stage, significantly reducing preferential seepage and shallow instability caused by root disturbance.

[0099] The edge computing gateway 16 uses precipitation, maximum wind speed, and average wind speed recorded by the weather station as external trigger inputs. The specific calculations and recordings are as follows: Figure 9 As shown, real-time evaluation and linkage control are achieved by combining the pore pressure / suction sensor array 5 with deformation monitoring (tilt meter / crack gauge 6 or FBG strain fiber optic cable 7). In each sampling cycle, the gateway 16 sequentially performs: data preprocessing, strong wind-rainstorm environment identification (Bwr), parallel calculation of FRCI*(t) and FoS*(t), and outputting actuator commands based on the joint criteria. The control action sequence is fixed as follows: first, the wind-cutting plate 11 performs wind-cutting stabilization (…). ), and then the vertical seepage pipe 8 implements graded drainage ( The bypass unloading strategy will be activated again under enhanced / emergency conditions. To achieve "reproducible edge rapid assessment", this embodiment pre-sets the following parameter set in gateway 16 (which can be obtained through on-site surveys, indoor tests, or historical event calibration in engineering): slope angle β=32°, potential slip surface depth Severe Effective cohesion Effective internal friction angle ; Root system equivalent reinforcement cohesion suction-related angle Additional shear stress caused by wind: , Strong wind-heavy rain environment identification threshold: , , ; Classification threshold: and hysteresis Actuator output mapping: S1 / S2 / S3 / S4 correspondence , .

[0100] When the strong wind-heavy rain environment identification conditions are met, the position is set. Enter the criterion chain; when FRCI* reaches the graded threshold or Below the threshold At that time, the system enters early warning, enhanced, and emergency states respectively, and outputs the corresponding... and When the wind and rain subside and the hysteresis rollback conditions are met, the state machine rolls back step by step and performs a reset and self-test.

[0101] For facilitating the verification of criterion triggering and linkage output in a typical severe convective process of this embodiment, the calculations and control outputs at 4 critical moments are selected as shown in Table 1.

[0102] Table 1 Input - Criterion - Output at Critical Moments

[0103]

[0104] Note: I 15 is the short - duration equivalent rainfall intensity; when the monitoring system has the measured rainfall intensity within 15 minutes, it can directly use the measured I 15 to replace the equivalent conversion value. The state S corresponds to the linkage output Figure 8 state machine; among which, "bypass permission / trigger" is triggered by the trunk inclination sensor 12 or the displacement threshold criterion.

[0105] Based on Table 1, it can be seen that: at time t1, the system recognizes the strong - wind and heavy - rain environment and satisfies the " or " condition, and the state machine enters S2 and outputs wind reduction and primary drainage; at time t2, the risk further increases, enters S3 and improves the drainage capacity, and at the same time, the bypass 14 enters the permission / preparation; at time t3, and reach the emergency threshold, enter S4, execute maximum wind reduction and strong drainage, and implement bypass unloading when the tree body response exceeds the limit; at time t4, the wind and rain weaken and the indicators meet the fallback conditions, and the system falls back to S1 and resets. Thus, a closed - loop process of real - time recognition, hierarchical linkage control, and post - event recovery of the covered slope under the cascading effect of strong wind and heavy rain is realized, fully reflecting the engineering application effect of the method of this invention. This case is as shown in Figure 10 、 Figure 11 、 Figure 12 and Figure 13 shown.

[0106] This embodiment takes the covered slope under a certain typhoon process as the application scenario, and deploys this system on the high - risk slopes adjacent to the traffic road network along the line. During the event, the system starts the linkage control through wind and rain recognition. First, the wind - cutting board 11 reduces the near - surface wind shear and the load on the cover, then the vertical infiltration pipe 8 and the surface diversion groove 9 implement hierarchical drainage and release energy through the energy - dissipation grid 10. When necessary, the bypass 14 and the ground anchor 15 implement wind - load bypass unloading, so as to achieve the suppression of the peak pore pressure and deformation acceleration. Specifically, as shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7 shown. This system is modularly installed, has little construction interference, and the maintenance mainly focuses on the inspection of valves and bypass consumables, and is suitable for the active disaster prevention applications of covered slopes and their along - line projects.

[0107] The system of this invention is functionally divided into six parts: a multi-source sensing subsystem, an edge computing and communication control subsystem, a hierarchical active drainage and energy dissipation subsystem, a wind shearing and load reduction subsystem, a tree-anchor coupled bypass unloading subsystem, and a power supply subsystem. Specifically, the anemometer 1, rain gauge 2, crown force gauge 3, root water meter 4, pore pressure / suction sensor array 5, inclinometer / crack gauge 6, FBG strain fiber optic cable 7, and trunk tilt sensor 12 belong to the multi-source sensing subsystem; the edge computing gateway 16 belongs to the edge computing and communication control subsystem; the vertical seepage pipe 8, surface drainage channel 9, and energy dissipation grid 10 belong to the hierarchical active drainage and energy dissipation subsystem; the wind shearing plate 11 belongs to the wind shearing and load reduction subsystem; the clamp assembly 13, the sliding bypass 14, and the ground anchor 15 belong to the tree-anchor coupled bypass unloading subsystem; and the power supply assembly 17 belongs to the power supply subsystem.

[0108] The connection relationships of this invention include three categories: information connection, control connection and physical connection: "Information connection (data link)" → "Control connection (actuator link)" → "Physical connection (hydrological / mechanical link)" (1) Information connection: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12 are connected to the edge computing gateway 16; the gateway 16 realizes remote reporting and parameter distribution through the LoRa / 4G communication link (that is, uploading event data, state machine status, alarm and equipment health status). (2) Control connection: the gateway 16 is connected to the valve control component of the vertical seepage pipe 8 for output opening control; the gateway 16 is connected to the wind-cutting plate 11 for output attitude / yaw control; the action status of the bypass 14 can be optionally fed back to the gateway 16 for maintenance locking (see Figure 3-5 , Figure 7 , Figure 9 (3) Physical connection: The surface drainage channel 9 and the vertical infiltration pipe 8 form a continuous drainage path. The vertical infiltration pipe 8 forms a drainage-energy release path with the energy dissipation grid 10 via the drainage main trunk (see Figure 6 The tree trunk is connected to the sliding bypass 14 via the clamp assembly 13 and forms a bypass unloading path with the ground anchor 15 (see...). Figure 7 ).

[0109] After the system is deployed, the power supply component 17 supplies power to the gateway 16 and actuators. After the gateway 16 completes the sensor and actuator checks in the initialization / self-test state, it enters normal monitoring. Under normal conditions, the multi-source sensing subsystems (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 12) continuously collect the wind and rain trigger field and the slope / tree response. The gateway 16 performs data fusion and calculates FRCI and FoS* in parallel. When any criterion reaches the warning threshold, the gateway 16 implements a first-level opening of the vertical infiltration pipe 8 for drainage and records the event. When the risk increases further, the system enters a reinforced state, increases the opening of the vertical infiltration pipe 8 and links the surface diversion channel 9 and the energy dissipation grid 10, while controlling the wind shearing plate 11 to reduce the load. When the emergency threshold is reached or rapid deformation occurs, the system performs forced drainage and maximum load reduction, and allows the bypass unloading devices (13, 14, 15) to perform bypass unloading according to the two-level force limiting mechanism to transfer tree load, suppress root disturbance and adverse slope deformation. After the risk decreases, the system rolls back step by step according to hysteresis and duration conditions; if a communication / power / sensor anomaly or a bypass one-time release requires maintenance, it enters a fail-safe / maintenance state, executes a conservative strategy, and prompts for maintenance (see [link]). Figure 9 ).

[0110] In some embodiments, a disaster prevention and drainage system for covered slopes under the cascading effect of strong storms and rainstorms can be used to execute a disaster prevention and drainage method for covered slopes under the cascading effect of strong storms and rainstorms, including: S1: filtering and extracting features from the original input data to obtain wind field feature data, rainfall intensity feature data, hydraulic response data, and deformation monitoring data; S2: determining whether the gust speed in the wind field feature data and the short-duration rainfall intensity in the rainfall intensity feature data exceed a preset environmental trigger threshold; if so, outputting an environmental identification start signal and entering a linkage control state; otherwise, maintaining normal monitoring; S3: after receiving the environmental identification start signal, calculating the risk quantification value under the wind and rain coupling effect based on the wind field feature data, rainfall intensity feature data, hydraulic response data, and deformation monitoring data using a weighted summation algorithm, and obtaining... The following steps are taken: S4: The wind and rain cascade risk index is obtained; based on the principle of limit equilibrium, combined with the root reinforcement effect and the influence of wind load, the current stability coefficient of the slope is calculated, and the available safety factor is obtained; S5: The wind and rain cascade risk index is compared with the preset risk level threshold, and the available safety factor is compared with the preset safety factor threshold. The current risk level is determined according to the comparison results, and the corresponding control parameters are generated according to the preset control logic table to obtain the graded wind reduction command, graded drainage command, and unloading trigger command; S6: Based on the graded wind reduction command, graded drainage command, and unloading trigger command, the wind reduction plate posture is adjusted to reduce wind-induced disturbance, the vertical seepage pipe opening is adjusted to control the slope pore pressure, and the tree load is locked and transferred to obtain the disaster prevention and drainage results, thus completing the disaster prevention and drainage of the covered slope under the cascade effect of strong wind and rain.

[0111] In some embodiments of this specification, the processor utilizes a disaster prevention and drainage system for covered slopes under the cascading effect of strong storms and heavy rain to implement a disaster prevention and drainage method for covered slopes under the cascading effect of strong storms and heavy rain. In this way, the "gust-canopy / stem flow-pore pressure surge-root mechanics" can be quantitatively coupled using FRCI, combined with FoS* to form dual-index control; a force-limiting tree-anchor bypass unloader is proposed, so that the wind load is shifted from "tree-root-soil" to "tree-anchor-foundation" at the critical stage, significantly reducing preferential seepage and shallow instability caused by root disturbance; variable-opening "surface-vertical" row units realize on-demand drainage, suppressing pore pressure peaks and slope erosion; the system is modular, low-energy, and friendly to native cover, and has engineering promotion value.

[0112] Example 2

[0113] Figure 2 This is an exemplary flowchart illustrating a disaster prevention and drainage method for covered slopes under the cascading effects of severe storms, as shown in some embodiments of this specification. Figure 2 As shown, the process includes the following steps. In some embodiments, the process may be executed by a processor.

[0114] S1: Filter and extract features from the original input data to obtain wind field feature data, rainfall intensity feature data, hydraulic response data, and deformation monitoring data.

[0115] The raw input data may include wind speed, rainfall, canopy stress, root moisture content, slope pore pressure, and slope displacement information.

[0116] In some embodiments, wind speed / gust v ( t (Anemometer 1), Rainfall Intensity I ( t (Rain gauge 2), and optional crown stress F c ( t (Crown Force Gauge 3) is used for environmental identification and verification.

[0117] Wind field characteristic data refers to a set of data reflecting the wind intensity, direction, and time-varying characteristics of the area where the slope is located. For example, wind field characteristic data may include gust speed, average wind speed, maximum wind speed, rate of change of wind speed, and wind direction.

[0118] In some embodiments, the multi-source sensing subsystem monitors the wind field environment in real time using an anemometer (such as an ultrasonic anemometer) placed on a slope shoulder or in an open area. The processor receives the raw signal collected by the anemometer, and after filtering, denoising and feature extraction processing, obtains the aforementioned wind field feature data; or, the processor obtains the aforementioned data from a nearby meteorological station through a communication module.

[0119] Rainfall intensity characteristic data refers to a set of data that reflects the rainfall intensity and its distribution characteristics over time in the area where the slope is located. For example, rainfall intensity characteristic data can include short-duration rainfall intensity (such as 10-minute rainfall intensity, 1-hour rainfall intensity), cumulative rainfall, rainfall duration, etc.

[0120] In some embodiments, the system monitors rainfall in real time using a tipping bucket rain gauge. The processor receives pulse signals or data streams from the rain gauge and calculates the current short-duration rainfall intensity and cumulative rainfall. Alternatively, the processor obtains real-time rainfall data for the area from a meteorological department's data interface.

[0121] Hydraulic response data refers to a set of data reflecting the water transport and hydraulic state within a slope and its cover vegetation under rainfall and wind loads. For example, hydraulic response data may include soil pore water pressure, matrix suction, root moisture content, stem flow, and crown stress.

[0122] In some embodiments, the system collects pore water pressure or suction data by pore pressure / suction sensors arranged at different depths in the shallow surface of the slope, collects root water content and stem flow conversion intensity by root water meter (such as a combination of a ring Hall flow sensor and a weighing collector), collects crown force data by crown force meter, and transmits these data to the edge computing gateway.

[0123] Deformation monitoring data refers to a collection of data reflecting the physical displacement and deformation state of slopes and vegetation under external loads. For example, deformation monitoring data may include slope inclination angle, crack width, deep soil displacement, strain in the root zone of vegetation, and trunk inclination angle.

[0124] In some embodiments, the system uses slope inclinometers, crack gauges, FBG distributed fiber optic strain sensors, and trunk tilt sensors to collect corresponding physical quantities. The processor obtains real-time deformation monitoring data by parsing the output signals of these sensors.

[0125] S2: When the gust speed in the wind field characteristic data and the short duration rainfall intensity in the rainfall intensity characteristic data exceed the preset environmental trigger threshold, the linkage control state is entered and an environmental identification start signal is output.

[0126] Environmental trigger thresholds are critical values ​​used to determine whether external meteorological conditions meet the criteria for activating the linkage control system. For example, environmental trigger thresholds may include gust factor thresholds, wind speed thresholds, and rainfall intensity thresholds.

[0127] In some embodiments, the environmental trigger threshold is calibrated based on the type of cover and the specific circumstances of the engineering section.

[0128] The environmental recognition start signal refers to a logical signal generated within the system to activate subsequent risk assessment and control processes when the external environment meets the preset strong wind and heavy rain conditions. For example, when the gust factor is greater than G c or the wind speed is greater than v c or the rainfall intensity is greater than I c the processor generates this signal.

[0129] In some embodiments, after the edge computing gateway detects that the above conditions are met and continues for a certain period of time, it sets the internal flag to 1 as the environmental recognition start signal. When and / or , , it is determined that the strong wind - heavy rain environment is entered and the linkage control is started; otherwise, the normal monitoring is maintained. The thresholds Gc, vc, and Ic are calibrated by the covering type and the engineering section; the duration T0 can be used to avoid false triggering by noise. At , the gateway 16 quantifies the cascading risk and defines the wind - rain cascading risk index FRCI.

[0130] In some embodiments, the processor can obtain the gust speed in the wind field feature data and the short - duration rainfall intensity in the rainfall intensity feature data; when the following conditions are met: the gust speed exceeds the preset gust threshold and the short - duration rainfall intensity exceeds the preset rainfall intensity threshold, or the short - term wind speed exceeds the preset wind speed threshold and the short - duration rainfall intensity exceeds the preset rainfall intensity threshold, and any one of these conditions persists for the preset time length, then the linkage control state is entered and the environmental recognition start signal is output.

[0131] The preset gust threshold refers to the lower - level wind speed boundary value used for joint discrimination. For example, the preset gust threshold can be the wind speed value that causes slight disturbance to the slope vegetation.

[0132] The preset rainfall intensity threshold refers to the rainfall intensity boundary value used for joint discrimination. For example, the preset rainfall intensity threshold can be the minimum rainfall intensity value that causes surface runoff on the slope.

[0133] In some embodiments, when the monitored gust speed exceeds this threshold, regardless of whether the rainfall intensity exceeds the standard, the system starts environmental recognition.

[0134] In some embodiments, the expression of the environmental recognition start signal is:

[0135] ;

[0136] ;

[0137] where represents the 15 - minute gust factor, that is, the short - duration gust factor, represents the current evaluation time, represents taking the maximum value of the wind speed time history within the time window, This represents the time variable within a time window. This represents the time history value of wind speed. This represents the average wind speed. This represents the 15-minute average rainfall intensity, i.e., the short-duration average rainfall intensity. This represents the time-history value of rainfall intensity.

[0138] S3: After receiving the environmental identification start signal, based on wind field characteristic data, rainfall intensity characteristic data, hydraulic response data and deformation monitoring data, the risk quantification value under wind and rain coupling effect is calculated by weighted summation algorithm to obtain the wind and rain cascade risk index; based on the limit equilibrium principle, combined with the root reinforcement effect and wind load influence, the current stability coefficient of the slope is calculated to obtain the available safety factor.

[0139] In some embodiments, the stem flow equivalent intensity q s ( t (Root water meter 4), pore pressure increment Δ u ( t or suction attenuation Δ ψ ( t (Sensor array 5), Displacement / tilt rate of change Δ( t ), θ ( t (6 inclinometers / crack gauges, 12 trunk tilt sensors), and strain time history ɛ ( t (FBG strained fiber 7).

[0140] The Wind-Rain Cascade Risk Index (FRCI) is a comprehensive index that quantifies the degree of disaster risk caused by the coupled effects of strong winds and heavy rain by weighted and fused multi-source monitoring data. For example, FRCI is a dimensionless value between 0 and 1.

[0141] The available safety factor (FoS*) is a real-time stability coefficient of a slope based on the principle of limit equilibrium, taking into account root reinforcement effects, wind-induced disturbances, and hydraulic responses. For example, FoS* can be expressed as the ratio of anti-sliding force to sliding force.

[0142] To quickly determine the safety margin of covered slopes under strong wind-rainstorm cascading conditions, the edge computing gateway 16 calculates the available safety factor FoS*, which, together with FRCI, serves as the state machine hierarchical triggering criterion.

[0143] In some embodiments, the process of calculating the wind and rain cascade risk index includes: after receiving the environmental identification activation signal, normalizing the wind field characteristic data, rainfall intensity characteristic data, hydraulic response data, and deformation monitoring data using a truncated linear function to obtain a dimensionless sub-index; and calculating the risk quantification value under the wind and rain coupling effect using a weighted summation algorithm based on the dimensionless sub-index to obtain the wind and rain cascade risk index.

[0144] Dimensionless sub-indices refer to the values ​​obtained by mapping physical quantities with different dimensions (such as wind speed in m / s and pore pressure in kPa) to a unified range (such as 0-1). For example, for the gust factor G, its dimensionless sub-indice N(G) represents its relative position within the safe and dangerous ranges.

[0145] In some embodiments, the expression for the wind and rain cascading risk index is:

[0146] ;

[0147] ;

[0148] ;

[0149] ;

[0150] ;

[0151] in, This indicates the risk index of cascading wind and rain. Indicates the current evaluation moment. Indicates the first j The weighting coefficient of each sub-indicator j Indicates the sub-index number. n This indicates the total number of sub-indicators included in the integration. Indicates the first j The dimensionless sub-indices obtained by normalizing the original feature quantities This represents the process of linearly mapping the original features to standardized variables. Indicates the relationship with the first j The original feature values ​​corresponding to each sub-indicator This represents the high-risk threshold of the original feature quantity. This represents the initial risk threshold for the original feature quantity. This indicates the truncation of the linear normalization function. Represents the intermediate variable for normalization. This indicates the cascading risk index of wind and rain after enhanced gating. Indicates the enhancement coefficient. This indicates the trigger flag obtained by the gating function. Indicates the lag time. This represents the short-duration gust factor gating threshold. This represents the short-duration rainfall intensity factor gating threshold. This represents the 15-minute gust factor, i.e., the short-duration gust factor. It represents the average rainfall intensity over 15 minutes, i.e., the short-duration average rainfall intensity.

[0152] x 0, x 1 represents the lower / upper threshold of the corresponding feature quantity, and the weight. w j The thresholds are categorized and updated according to cover type, soil properties, and slope position. If a "cascading" reinforcement effect exists and is considered, gating reinforcement can be introduced when both gusts and heavy rainfall conditions are met.

[0153] In some embodiments, the process of calculating the available safety factor includes: obtaining the wind-induced disturbance reduction term based on wind field characteristic data; and calculating the ratio of the anti-sliding force considering the contribution of root reinforcement and suction to the sliding force considering gravity and wind load based on slope geometric parameters, physical and mechanical parameters, real-time pore pressure and the wind-induced disturbance reduction term, thereby obtaining the available safety factor.

[0154] exist When the FRCI reaches the warning level, gateway 16 prioritizes outputting wind shear control to stabilize the load on the cover and the near-surface wind shear.

[0155] The wind-induced disturbance conversion term refers to the physical quantity that converts the force of wind load on vegetation into additional shear stress or sliding force acting on the slope surface.

[0156] In some embodiments, the processor calculates the wind-induced disturbance conversion term using formulas based on wind load data measured by the crown force gauge or using anemometer data.

[0157] Slope geometric parameters refer to dimensional data that describe the shape and structure of a slope. For example, slope geometric parameters may include slope angle, slope height, slope length, and potential slip surface depth.

[0158] In some embodiments, these parameters are obtained through on-site surveys and pre-stored in the memory of the edge computing gateway.

[0159] Physical and mechanical parameters refer to data that describe the mechanical properties of slope soil and vegetation roots. For example, physical and mechanical parameters may include soil weight, effective cohesion, effective internal friction angle, and root-equivalent reinforcement cohesion.

[0160] In some embodiments, these parameters are obtained through indoor or in-situ testing and are pre-loaded into the system.

[0161] Real-time pore pressure refers to the pressure value of pore water inside the slope at the current moment. For example, real-time pore pressure can be positive pore water pressure or negative matrix suction.

[0162] In some embodiments, the processor reads data from the pore pressure / suction sensor array to obtain real-time pore pressure or suction at different depths of the slope.

[0163] In some embodiments, the expression for the safety factor is:

[0164] ;

[0165] in, Indicates the available safety factor. Indicates the evaluation moment. Indicates the effective cohesion of the slip zone soil. This represents the equivalent root cohesion provided by the covered root system to the soil. This represents the time-varying additional cohesion term related to the hydraulic / structural state of the overlying soil. This indicates the unit weight of the soil in the sliding mass. This represents the equivalent thickness of the potential sliding body. Indicates the slope angle. This represents the pore water pressure acting at the potential sliding surface. Indicates the effective internal friction angle of the slip zone soil. This represents the additional driving shear stress of wind load converted to the direction of the potential sliding surface, i.e., the wind-induced disturbance conversion term.

[0166] S4: Compare the wind and rain cascade risk index with the preset risk level threshold, compare the available safety factor with the preset safety factor threshold, determine the current risk level based on the comparison results, and generate the corresponding control parameters according to the preset control logic table to obtain the graded wind reduction command, graded wind guidance command and unloading trigger command.

[0167] A control logic table is a pre-defined table that maps risk levels to specific control actions. For example, a control logic table specifies the rules for the angle of the air shearing plate, the opening degree of the seepage valve, and whether unloading is triggered under different risk levels.

[0168] In some embodiments, the control logic table is stored within the gateway.

[0169] A graded abrasion control command refers to an electrical signal or data packet that controls the abrasion blade to adjust to a specific posture or angle. For example, a graded abrasion control command may include a target angle for the abrasion blade, such as "set the angle to 30 degrees" or "activate the first-level abrasion control mode".

[0170] In some embodiments, the processor outputs control signals of different levels based on the FRCI value to drive the air-cutting blade actuator.

[0171] A tiered control command refers to an electrical signal or data packet that controls the opening of a vertical seepage pipe valve to a specific degree. For example, a tiered control command may include "valve opening 25%" or "valve fully open".

[0172] In some embodiments, the processor outputs instructions based on rainfall and orifice pressure to adjust the opening of the electric louver valve.

[0173] An unloading trigger command is a signal that activates the tree-anchor coupled bypass unloading device, putting it into operation or allowing slippage. For example, an unloading trigger command could be a signal that controls the release of the electromagnetic lock, adjusts the friction clutch threshold, or initiates unloading.

[0174] In some embodiments, when the system enters an emergency linkage state, the processor outputs the instruction to allow the bypass to transfer the tree load to the ground anchor under strong winds.

[0175] Output the blade posture according to risk level. β ( t For example: when And continue : ;when And continue : ;when : .in , The alert / operation / emergency operation level is indicated.

[0176] In some embodiments, the process of determining the current risk level and generating control parameters includes: processing based on the wind and rain cascade risk index and the available safety factor using state machine logic; entering the early warning linkage state when the wind and rain cascade risk index meets either the early warning threshold or the available safety factor is lower than the early warning safety threshold; entering the enhanced linkage state when the wind and rain cascade risk index and the available safety factor reach the enhanced threshold; entering the emergency linkage state when the wind and rain cascade risk index and the available safety factor reach the emergency threshold; determining the current risk level based on the early warning linkage state, the enhanced linkage state, and the emergency linkage state; introducing hysteresis for processing during state rollback, allowing rollback from a higher-level state to a lower-level state only when the wind and rain cascade risk index is lower than the rollback threshold considering hysteresis; generating corresponding control parameters according to the currently determined state level and the preset control logic table, obtaining corresponding graded wind reduction instructions and graded wind guidance instructions; and obtaining unloading trigger instructions when in the emergency linkage state.

[0177] The warning threshold refers to the risk indicator limit that triggers the system to enter the warning linkage state.

[0178] The warning safety threshold refers to the value at which the available safety factor decreases to a level that requires warning and initial measures to be taken.

[0179] The early warning and linkage state refers to the working mode in which the system identifies an initial risk and executes low-intensity intervention. For example, in this state, the windbreak is finely adjusted and the seepage pipe is opened to a small degree for drainage.

[0180] The enhanced threshold refers to the risk indicator limit that triggers the system to enter the enhanced linkage state, and its risk level is higher than the early warning threshold.

[0181] Enhanced linkage mode refers to a working mode in which the system identifies a moderate risk and executes a moderate-intensity intervention. For example, in this mode, the angle of the wind-cutting plate increases, the opening of the seepage pipe increases, and the bypass unloading device enters the preparation state.

[0182] The emergency threshold refers to the risk indicator limit that triggers the system to enter an emergency response state, representing an extremely high risk.

[0183] Emergency response mode refers to the operating mode in which the system identifies a high-risk situation and executes the maximum intensity of intervention. For example, in this mode, the windbreak is at its maximum angle, the seepage pipe is fully open, and the bypass unloading is forcibly triggered.

[0184] Hysteresis is an additional value introduced in the state rollback determination to prevent the system from frequently switching and oscillating near the threshold.

[0185] The backoff threshold refers to the threshold that, after taking into account hysteresis, allows a system to recover from a high-risk state to a low-risk state.

[0186] When the following formula is satisfied and continues Step-by-step rollback is allowed:

[0187] ;

[0188] in, This represents the hysteresis, an additional margin introduced in the backoff decision to suppress frequent state switching near the threshold. S k Represents the state machine's first state. k The corresponding safety factor trigger threshold for level 1 is used to enter / maintain level 2. k Level of risk control status; T k Indicates the first k The duration of the determination of the entry into the level state (trigger confirmation time).

[0189] The state machine adopts a combined triggering mechanism of "increased risk or decreased safety margin": when the following conditions are met:

[0190] ;

[0191] ;

[0192] And continue Enter the corresponding level at the designated time; after entering, press... Figure 9 Output the attitude of the air shear plate in sequence. Then output the guide opening degree And, under the enhanced / emergency level, output bypass unloading permission / trigger and maintenance lock flags. Among them, L k Represents the state machine's first state. k The risk index trigger threshold corresponding to each level is used to trigger entry into the corresponding level when "risk increases".

[0193] The above logic is manifested as follows: first, identify the strong wind-heavy rain environment and initiate calculations; then, calculate the FRCI, hydraulic response, and FoS* in parallel; finally, prioritize the execution of wind-cutting attitudes in the state machine output. Then execute the discharge guide opening degree It also links the flow guiding / energy dissipation components; when FRCI or FoS* reaches the strengthening / emergency threshold or the deformation rate exceeds the limit, it enters emergency mode and triggers bypass unloading and maintenance lockout management. Figure 9 ).

[0194] Enter early warning linkage (in conjunction with FRCI threshold, prioritize wind reduction and stabilization, then activate level 1 drainage). : Enter Enhanced Linkage (Increase wind shearing level and enhance drainage, bypass unloading enters permission / preparation). : Enter emergency response (maximum wind reduction, strong exhaust, and trigger bypass unloading).

[0195] S5: Based on the graded wind-cutting command, graded drainage command, and unloading trigger command, the wind-cutting plate posture is adjusted to reduce wind-induced disturbance and transfer the load on trees, the vertical seepage pipe opening is adjusted to control the slope pore pressure, and the slope hydrological process is adjusted to obtain the disaster prevention and drainage results, and complete the disaster prevention and drainage of the covered slope under the cascading effect of strong winds and rainstorms.

[0196] Disaster prevention and mitigation results refer to the physical state and disaster prevention effects achieved by the slope and cover system after the execution of the above control instructions. For example, disaster prevention and mitigation results are manifested as a decrease in slope pore pressure, a reduction in tree swaying amplitude, and the orderly guidance of slope runoff.

[0197] In some embodiments, the processor can verify disaster prevention and mitigation results by monitoring changes in feedback data.

[0198] Based on wind-cutting stability, Gateway 16 calculates the equivalent infiltration boundary according to the collection of rainfall and root moisture content and outputs the drainage opening in stages to achieve "surface-vertical" joint drainage and energy dissipation.

[0199] In some embodiments, the process of adjusting the opening of the vertical infiltration pipe by executing the graded drainage command includes: calculating the equivalent stem flow intensity based on the root moisture content and stem flow rate in the hydraulic response data; calculating the equivalent infiltration intensity based on the real-time rainfall intensity and the equivalent stem flow intensity; comparing the equivalent infiltration intensity with the soil infiltration capacity, and obtaining an over-infiltration flow signal when the equivalent infiltration intensity exceeds the infiltration capacity; combining the graded drainage command and the over-infiltration flow signal to output the action of controlling the vertical infiltration pipe valve to open to the corresponding position; and when receiving the graded drainage command corresponding to the emergency level, also including outputting a linkage control signal to open the surface diversion channel for surface drainage.

[0200] Stem flow equivalent intensity refers to the equivalent rainfall intensity per unit area calculated by converting rainwater flowing down the stems of vegetation.

[0201] In some embodiments, the processor calculates the result based on the stem flow rate measured by the root water meter and the vegetation canopy area.

[0202] Equivalent infiltration intensity refers to the actual infiltration intensity of the soil surface after combining direct infiltration of atmospheric rainfall and infiltration of vegetation stem flow.

[0203] Soil infiltration capacity refers to the maximum rate at which the soil of a slope can absorb water per unit time under the current conditions.

[0204] In some embodiments, this parameter is determined by soil type and varies with moisture content, and can be determined by the Horton formula or empirical values.

[0205] The over-permeability runoff signal refers to the logical signal generated when the equivalent infiltration intensity exceeds the soil's infiltration capacity, indicating that surface runoff will occur on the slope.

[0206] In some embodiments, the signal is used to trigger the drainage subsystem to open the surface drainage channel or increase the opening of the vertical infiltration pipe to drain excess surface water.

[0207] Define equivalent infiltration intensity:

[0208]

[0209] And With infiltration capacity Comparative identification of excessive permeability flow:

[0210] like ,but ;otherwise

[0211] Subsequently, the opening degree of the 8 valves in the vertical seepage pipe is output according to the risk level and hydraulic response classification:

[0212]

[0213] in, a 0 represents the normal state. a 1 indicates the corresponding early warning and guidance. a 2 indicates that the corresponding enhanced zone linkage and the linkage of the surface guide channel 9 are carried out. a 3 indicates that the emergency forced drainage is linked to the energy dissipation grid 10 to release energy and prevent erosion. a tf Indicates the intensity of rainfall I ( t The conversion factor is used to reflect the impact of canopy interception, throughfall ratio and slope runoff conditions on the effective infiltration boundary; a s Indicates the equivalent intensity of stem flow q s ( t The conversion factor is used to reflect the influence of cover structure and trunk runoff efficiency on the enhancement of rhizosphere infiltration. I eff ( t () indicates time t The equivalent infiltration intensity. Q r ( t ) indicates the intensity of the super-permeable flow, used to trigger or enhance the surface flow guidance and vertical flow guidance control of the drainage subsystem.

[0214] In some embodiments of this specification, a disaster prevention and drainage method for covered slopes under the cascading effect of strong storms and heavy rain is provided. The method uses FRCI to quantitatively couple "gusts – crown penetration / stem flow – sudden increase in pore pressure – root mechanics" and combines it with FoS* to form a dual-index control. A force-limiting tree-anchor bypass unloader is proposed, so that the wind load is shifted from "tree-root-soil" to "tree-anchor-foundation" at the critical stage, which significantly reduces preferential seepage and shallow instability caused by root disturbance. The variable-opening "surface-vertical" row unit realizes on-demand drainage and suppresses peak pore pressure and slope erosion. The system is modular, low-energy, and friendly to native cover, and has engineering promotion value.

[0215] It should be noted that different embodiments may produce different beneficial effects. In different embodiments, the beneficial effects may be any one or a combination of the above, or any other possible beneficial effects.

Claims

1. A method for disaster prevention and drainage of covered slopes under the cascading effect of strong storms and heavy rain, characterized in that, include: S1: Filter and extract features from the original input data to obtain wind field feature data, rainfall intensity feature data, hydraulic response data, and deformation monitoring data; S2: When the gust speed in the wind field characteristic data and the short duration rainfall intensity in the rainfall intensity characteristic data exceed the preset environmental trigger threshold, the linkage control state is entered and an environmental identification start signal is output. S3: After receiving the environmental identification activation signal, based on wind field characteristic data, rainfall intensity characteristic data, hydraulic response data and deformation monitoring data, the risk quantification value under wind and rain coupling effect is calculated by weighted summation algorithm to obtain the wind and rain cascade risk index. Based on the principle of limit equilibrium, and combined with the root reinforcement effect and the influence of wind load, the current stability coefficient of the slope is calculated, and the usable safety factor is obtained. The process of calculating the storm cascade risk index in S3 includes: After receiving the environmental identification activation signal, based on wind field characteristic data, rainfall intensity characteristic data, hydraulic response data, and deformation monitoring data, the data is normalized using a truncated linear function to obtain dimensionless sub-indices. Based on dimensionless sub-indices, the risk quantification value under the wind and rain coupling effect is calculated using a weighted summation algorithm to obtain the wind and rain cascade risk index; The expression for the wind and rain cascading risk index is: ； ； ； ； ； in, This indicates the risk index of cascading wind and rain. Indicates the current evaluation moment. Indicates the first j The weighting coefficient of each sub-indicator j Indicates the sub-index number. n This indicates the total number of sub-indicators included in the integration. Indicates the first j The dimensionless sub-indices obtained by normalizing the original feature quantities This represents the process of linearly mapping the original features to standardized variables. Indicates the relationship with the first j The original feature values ​​corresponding to each sub-indicator This represents the high-risk threshold of the original feature quantity. This represents the initial risk threshold for the original feature quantity. This indicates the truncation of the linear normalization function. Represents the intermediate variable for normalization. This indicates the cascading risk index of wind and rain after enhanced gating. Indicates the enhancement coefficient. This indicates the trigger flag obtained by the gating function. Indicates the lag time. This represents the short-duration gust factor gating threshold. This represents the short-duration rainfall intensity factor gating threshold. This represents the 15-minute gust factor, i.e., the short-duration gust factor. It represents the 15-minute average rainfall intensity, i.e., the short-duration average rainfall intensity; The process of calculating the available safety factor in S3 includes: Based on wind field characteristic data, the wind-induced disturbance conversion term is obtained through calculation; Based on the slope's geometric parameters, physical and mechanical parameters, real-time pore pressure, and wind-induced disturbance conversion terms, the ratio of the anti-sliding force considering the contribution of root reinforcement and suction to the sliding force considering gravity and wind load is calculated to obtain the available safety factor. The expression for the available safety factor is: ； in, Indicates the available safety factor. Indicates the evaluation moment. Indicates the effective cohesion of the slip zone soil. This represents the equivalent root cohesion provided by the covered root system to the soil. This represents the time-varying additional cohesion term related to the hydraulic / structural state of the overlying soil. This indicates the unit weight of the soil in the sliding mass. This represents the equivalent thickness of the potential sliding body. Indicates the slope angle. This represents the pore water pressure acting at the potential sliding surface. Indicates the effective internal friction angle of the slip zone soil. This represents the additional driving shear stress of wind load converted to the direction of the potential sliding surface, i.e., the wind-induced disturbance conversion term; S4: Compare the wind and rain cascade risk index with the preset risk level threshold, compare the available safety factor with the preset safety factor threshold, determine the current risk level based on the comparison results, and generate the corresponding control parameters according to the preset control logic table to obtain the graded wind reduction command, graded wind diversion command, and unloading trigger command. S5: Based on the graded wind-cutting command, graded drainage command, and unloading trigger command, the wind-cutting plate posture is adjusted to reduce wind-induced disturbance and transfer the load on trees, the vertical seepage pipe opening is adjusted to control the slope pore pressure, and the slope hydrological process is adjusted to obtain the disaster prevention and drainage results, and complete the disaster prevention and drainage of the covered slope under the cascading effect of strong winds and rainstorms.

2. The disaster prevention and drainage method for covered slopes under the cascading effect of strong storms and heavy rains according to claim 1, characterized in that, S2 includes: Obtain gust speed from wind field characteristic data and short-duration rainfall intensity from rainfall intensity characteristic data; When any one of the following conditions is met—that is, gust speed exceeding a preset gust threshold and short-duration rainfall intensity exceeding a preset rainfall intensity threshold, or short-term wind speed exceeding a preset wind speed threshold and short-duration rainfall intensity exceeding a preset rainfall intensity threshold—and this condition persists for a preset duration, the system enters the linkage control state and outputs an environmental recognition start signal.

3. The disaster prevention and drainage method for covered slopes under the cascading effect of strong storms and heavy rains according to claim 1, characterized in that, The expression for the environment recognition activation signal is: ； ； in, This represents the 15-minute gust factor, i.e., the short-duration gust factor. Indicates the current evaluation moment. This indicates that the maximum value of the wind speed time history is taken within the time window. This represents the time variable within a time window. This represents the time history value of wind speed. This represents the average wind speed. This represents the 15-minute average rainfall intensity, i.e., the short-duration average rainfall intensity. This represents the time-history value of rainfall intensity.

4. The disaster prevention and drainage method for covered slopes under the cascading effect of strong storms and heavy rains according to claim 1, characterized in that, S4 includes: Based on the wind and rain cascading risk index and the availability safety factor, state machine logic is used for processing. When the wind and rain cascading risk index meets either the warning threshold or the availability safety factor is lower than the warning safety threshold, the system enters the warning linkage state. When the wind and rain cascading risk index and the availability safety factor reach the reinforcement threshold, the system enters the reinforcement linkage state. When the wind and rain cascading risk index and the availability safety factor reach the emergency threshold, the system enters the emergency linkage state. The current risk level is determined based on the early warning linkage status, enhanced linkage status, and emergency linkage status. When reverting to a lower state, a hysteresis factor is introduced for handling. Only when the wind and rain cascade risk index is lower than the revert threshold that takes into account the hysteresis factor is a revert from a higher state to a lower state is allowed. Based on the currently determined state level and the preset control logic table, the corresponding control parameters are generated, and the corresponding graded wind reduction command and graded drainage command are obtained; when in emergency linkage state, the unloading trigger command is obtained.

5. The disaster prevention and drainage method for covered slopes under the cascading effect of strong storms and heavy rains according to claim 1, characterized in that, The process of adjusting the vertical seepage pipe opening by executing the graded drainage command in S5 includes: Based on the root water content and stem flow rate in the hydraulic response data, the stem flow rate is calculated to obtain the equivalent intensity. Based on real-time rainfall intensity and stem flow equivalent intensity, the equivalent infiltration intensity is obtained through calculation. The equivalent infiltration intensity is compared with the soil infiltration capacity. When the equivalent infiltration intensity exceeds the infiltration capacity, the excess flow signal is obtained. Combining the graded drainage instructions and the over-permeability flow signal, the system outputs control to open the vertical seepage pipe valve to the corresponding position; upon receiving the graded drainage instructions corresponding to the emergency level, it also outputs a linkage control signal to open the surface diversion channel for surface drainage.

6. A disaster prevention and drainage system for covered slopes under the cascading effect of severe storms and heavy rain, used to implement the disaster prevention and drainage method for covered slopes under the cascading effect of severe storms and heavy rain as described in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, include: The data acquisition and preprocessing module is used to acquire raw input data, filter and extract features from the raw input data to obtain wind field feature data, rainfall intensity feature data, hydraulic response data and deformation monitoring data; The environment recognition module is used to enter the linkage control state and output an environment recognition start signal when the gust speed in the wind field characteristic data and the short duration rainfall intensity in the rainfall intensity characteristic data exceed the preset environment trigger threshold. The risk assessment module is used to calculate the risk quantification value under the wind and rain coupling effect based on wind field characteristic data, rainfall intensity characteristic data, hydraulic response data and deformation monitoring data after receiving the environmental identification start signal, and obtain the wind and rain cascade risk index. Based on the principle of limit equilibrium, and combined with the root reinforcement effect and the influence of wind load, the current stability coefficient of the slope is calculated, and the usable safety factor is obtained. The decision control module is used to compare the wind and rain cascade risk index with the preset risk level threshold, compare the available safety factor with the preset safety factor threshold, determine the current risk level based on the comparison results, and generate corresponding control parameters according to the preset control logic table to obtain the graded wind reduction command, graded wind diversion command, and unloading trigger command. The execution and drainage module is used to respond to graded wind-cutting commands, graded drainage commands, and unloading trigger commands. It adjusts the attitude of the wind-cutting plate to reduce wind-induced disturbance and transfer the load on the trees, adjusts the opening of the vertical seepage pipe to control the pore pressure of the slope, and regulates the hydrological process of the slope surface to obtain disaster prevention and drainage results, and completes the disaster prevention and drainage of the covered slope under the cascading effect of strong winds and rainstorms.

Images