Display screen picture switching method, in-vehicle infotainment device and in-vehicle infotainment system

Abstract

The invention belongs to the related technical field of display screens, and particularly relates to a display screen picture switching method, an in-vehicle infotainment device and an in-vehicle infotainment system. The method comprises the steps of obtaining first picture brightness of a first picture of a current display screen in real time during picture switching, and comparing the first picture brightness with a preset value; if the first picture brightness is greater than the preset value, acquiring second picture brightness of a second picture of the next timestamp of the first picture, and comparing the second picture brightness with the preset value; if the brightness of the second picture is smaller than the preset value, a shielding program for preset time is executed before the second picture is played, and the preset time is adjusted according to image floating of the first picture and the second picture. Through the shielding program, the color retention after the high-brightness picture is switched to the low-brightness picture is buffered, and the problem of picture color abnormity caused by the color retention of the subsequent picture is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of display screen related technology, and particularly relates to a display screen image switching method, vehicle infotainment device and vehicle infotainment system. Background Technology

[0002] As the color requirements of displays become increasingly rich, more and more displays are using high color gamut displays. Due to the different ratios of phosphors in the internal light source of high color gamut displays, when switching from a high-brightness image to a low-brightness image, the different colors of light beams respond differently to the phosphors. As a result, some colors of light beams remain on the display after the switch because they did not respond in time.

[0003] The aforementioned issues can cause color lag when the human eye switches from high brightness to low brightness on a screen. This results in the display screen showing a slow-responding color lag, where the slow-responding colors are superimposed on the original image, causing color anomalies. Summary of the Invention

[0004] To address the problem that "after switching from high brightness to low brightness on a high color gamut display, some color beams remain on the screen, causing abnormal colors," this invention proposes a display screen switching method, a vehicle infotainment system, and a vehicle infotainment device.

[0005] The present invention solves the above problems through the following solution: Firstly, the present invention proposes a method for switching display screen images, comprising: Get the brightness of the first screen of the current display in real time and compare it with the preset value; If the brightness of the first screen is greater than the preset value, obtain the brightness of the second screen of the second screen at the next timestamp of the first screen, and compare the brightness of the second screen with the preset value; If the brightness of the second screen is less than the preset value, a blocking procedure with a preset time will be executed before the second screen is played. The preset time will fluctuate and be adjusted according to the image difference between the first screen and the second screen.

[0006] The system acquires the brightness of the first frame of the current display screen in real time during screen transitions and compares it with a preset value. If the brightness of the first frame is greater than the preset value, it acquires the brightness of the second frame (the next timestamp after the first frame) and compares it with the preset value. If the brightness of the second frame is less than the preset value, a blocking procedure is executed for a preset time before playing the second frame. The preset time is adjusted based on the image differences between the first and second frames. This blocking procedure buffers color lag after switching from a high-brightness to a low-brightness screen, preventing color anomalies in subsequent frames due to color lag.

[0007] In some implementations, if the brightness of the second screen is less than a preset value, a blocking procedure for a preset time is executed before the second screen is played; including: If the brightness of the second screen is less than the preset value, then a dark screen for a preset time is obtained; After playing a dark scene for a preset time, the second scene will play.

[0008] In some implementations, if the brightness of the second screen is less than a preset value, a blocking procedure for a preset time is executed before the second screen is played; including: If the brightness of the second screen is less than the preset value, a first switch signal is sent and a timer is started simultaneously. After a preset time, a second switch signal is sent. Upon receiving the first switch signal, the display screen dims its brightness. Upon receiving the second switch signal, the display screen restores its brightness.

[0009] In some implementations, if the brightness of the second screen is less than a preset value, a blocking procedure for a preset time is executed before the second screen is played; including: Calculate the difference between the brightness of the first screen and the brightness of the second screen; The length of the preset time is determined based on the difference.

[0010] In some implementations, the brightness of the first frame of the current display screen is acquired in real time, and the brightness of the first frame is compared with a preset value; including: Obtain the color gamut information of the current display screen; If the color gamut information is within the first range, the brightness of the first screen of the current display is obtained in real time and compared with the preset value; otherwise, the display screen is played normally according to the timestamp order.

[0011] In some implementations, if the color gamut information is within a first range, the brightness of the first screen of the current display is obtained in real time and compared with a preset value; otherwise, the display screen images are played normally according to the timestamp sequence; including: If the color gamut information is within the first range, the brightness of the first screen of the current display is obtained in real time, and the preset value is determined according to the color gamut information. The brightness of the first screen is then compared with the preset value. Otherwise, the display screen is played normally according to the timestamp sequence.

[0012] In some implementations, if the brightness of the first frame is greater than a preset value, the brightness of the second frame at the next timestamp of the first frame is obtained, and the brightness of the second frame is compared with the preset value; including: If the brightness of the first screen is greater than the preset value, obtain the brightness of the second screen of the second screen at the next timestamp of the first screen, and compare the brightness of the second screen with the preset value; If the brightness of the second screen is less than the preset value, the brightness of the third screen of the third screen of multiple consecutive timestamps after the second screen is obtained. If the brightness of the third screen is less than the preset value, a blocking procedure of preset time is executed before playing the last third screen.

[0013] Secondly, the present invention provides a vehicle infotainment device, comprising: The first brightness acquisition module is used to acquire the brightness of the first screen of the current display in real time and compare the brightness of the first screen with the preset value. The second brightness acquisition module is used to acquire the brightness of the second screen of the next time stamp of the first screen if the brightness of the first screen is greater than the preset value, and compare the brightness of the second screen with the preset value. The blocking program execution module is used to execute a blocking program for a preset time before playing the second screen if the brightness of the second screen is less than a preset value.

[0014] Thirdly, the present invention proposes a vehicle infotainment system, comprising: a processor, a memory, a communication interface, and a communication bus, wherein the processor, the memory, and the communication interface communicate with each other through the communication bus; The memory is used to store at least one executable instruction that causes the processor to perform operations such as the display screen switching method of any of the first aspects.

[0015] Fourthly, the present invention proposes a readable storage medium storing at least one executable instruction, which, when executed on the vehicle infotainment system / device, causes the vehicle infotainment system / device to perform the operation of the screen switching device method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

[0016] The beneficial effects of this invention, which provides a display screen switching method, a vehicle infotainment device, and a vehicle infotainment system, are as follows: The system acquires the brightness of the first frame of the current display screen in real time during screen transitions and compares it with a preset value. If the brightness of the first frame is greater than the preset value, it acquires the brightness of the second frame (the next timestamp after the first frame) and compares it with the preset value. If the brightness of the second frame is less than the preset value, a blocking procedure is executed for a preset time before playing the second frame. The preset time is adjusted based on the image differences between the first and second frames. This blocking procedure buffers color lag after switching from a high-brightness to a low-brightness screen, preventing color anomalies in subsequent frames due to color lag. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a flowchart of the display screen switching method of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a flowchart of steps 340-350 of the display screen switching method of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a flowchart of the vehicle infotainment device of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a flowchart of the vehicle infotainment system of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0018] Exemplary embodiments of the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. While exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings, it should be understood that the invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein.

[0019] Example 1: like Figures 1-2 As shown, this embodiment provides a method for switching screen images, the steps of which include: Step 100: Obtain the brightness of the first screen of the current display in real time, and compare the brightness of the first screen with the preset value; Specifically, at each timestamp, the display automatically detects the screen brightness and compares it with a preset value. The preset value is used to determine the brightness level to ascertain whether the current screen is at high brightness. The preset value is set according to the display's attributes, such as color gamut and material. It should be noted that the preset value can be a range. Values ​​greater than the maximum value of the range can be considered high brightness, values ​​less than the minimum value can be considered low brightness, and values ​​within the range are considered medium brightness. Medium brightness does not require the method to be executed. This approach avoids frequent execution of the method described in this embodiment.

[0020] Step 200: If the brightness of the first screen is greater than the preset value, obtain the brightness of the second screen of the second screen at the next timestamp of the first screen, and compare the brightness of the second screen with the preset value; Specifically, if the brightness of the first frame is greater than a preset value, meaning the first frame is a high-brightness frame, then the intensity of the second frame at the next timestamp is acquired and determined. This step can be combined with step 100 to determine the time node for the transition from high brightness to low brightness. For example, if the current display is playing a video, the frame at the next timestamp can be acquired and determined in advance. Typically, the transition between high and low brightness in video content only occurs at the beginning or end of a movie. This method allows for the determination of whether a transition between high and low brightness occurs by capturing the expected brightness at the beginning timestamp and the expected brightness at the end timestamp of the movie. Similarly, if switching apps, it can be determined whether the current brightness and the brightness at the timestamp when the app animation starts represent a transition between high and low brightness. Furthermore, if the brightness of the second screen is still greater than the preset value in this step, the brightness of the screen corresponding to the next timestamp of the second screen brightness is obtained, and the judgment is still made according to step 200 until the low brightness screen moment is found. After finding the moment, the slow-response colored light is prevented from being left on the next screen by means of blocking program, such as buffering animation, dark background, etc., so as to avoid the colored light affecting the subsequent screen and causing screen abnormalities.

[0021] Step 300: If the brightness of the second screen is less than the preset value, a blocking procedure with a preset time is executed before the second screen is played. The preset time is adjusted according to the image difference between the first screen and the second screen.

[0022] Specifically, if the brightness of the second screen is lower than the preset value, the transition between the first and second screens is the switching between high and low brightness. Between the first and second screens, a blocking mechanism can be set to provide a buffer time, thus preventing slow-response colors from affecting the display's color perception by the user. The blocking mechanism works by preventing light from being perceived by the user; that is, by delaying the normal display by a preset time before the normal screen appears, all colors can respond and switch. The preset time is set according to the response time of different phosphors to different colors. For example, when using a blue chip and KSF red-green phosphor, the response time for blue-green light is in the nanosecond (ns) range, and the response time for red light is in the millisecond (ms) range. Therefore, the preset time needs to be determined based on the response time of red light to determine the duration of the shielding procedure, ensuring that the normal low-brightness image is played only after the red light response, thus avoiding the pink color abnormality problem caused by the combination of red light and low-brightness image. Image differences include one or more of the following: image contrast, brightness, color difference, etc. The preset time is adjusted by the image differences. For example, if the contrast of the second image is not much different from the color light that needs to be delayed, the preset time can be reduced to avoid long waiting times.

[0023] The system acquires the brightness of the first frame of the current display screen in real time during screen transitions and compares it with a preset value. If the brightness of the first frame is greater than the preset value, it acquires the brightness of the second frame of the next timestamp and compares it with a preset value. If the brightness of the second frame is less than the preset value, a blocking procedure is executed for a preset time before playing the second frame. This blocking procedure buffers color lag after switching from a high-brightness to a low-brightness screen, preventing color anomalies in subsequent frames due to color lag.

[0024] In some embodiments, if the brightness of the second screen is less than a preset value, a blocking procedure for a preset time is executed before playing the second screen; including: Step 310: If the brightness of the second screen is less than the preset value, then obtain the dark screen for the preset preset time; Specifically, after detecting that the second screen is a low-brightness screen, a dark screen with a preset preset time can be obtained. The dark screen with the preset preset time can be material saved in the cloud or a built-in screen. The material can be a dynamic or static animation with a dark background, such as a black loading animation. Using black animation can avoid the slow-responding colored light being observed by the human eye, thereby improving the visual comfort of the display screen.

[0025] Step 320: After playing a dark scene for a preset time, play the second scene.

[0026] Specifically, after the preset time of playing the dark scene, the second scene is played. At this time, the slower-responding color light has already completed its response, so when playing the low-brightness scene later, there will be no problem of color light stagnation causing the color light to overlap with the subsequent scene.

[0027] In some embodiments, if the brightness of the second screen is less than a preset value, a blocking procedure for a preset time is executed before playing the second screen; including: Step 330: If the brightness of the second screen is less than the preset value, send the first switch signal and start timing at the same time. After the preset time has elapsed, send the second switch signal. Specifically, the blocking process can be either software protection or hardware protection. After confirming the switching point between high and low brightness, a first switch signal is sent to the system hardware and a timer is started. The timer duration is a preset length. After the timer completes, a second switch signal is sent to restore the hardware.

[0028] Step 340: Obtain the first switch signal, and the display screen reduces the screen brightness.

[0029] Specifically, the first switch signal is a start signal. After the system hardware receives the first switch signal, the display screen reduces its brightness. This reduction can be achieved, but is not limited to, by placing a FOG switch between the display panel and the light-emitting module. The FOG switch flips to block light, preventing the light-emitting module from reaching the display panel, thus reducing screen brightness. Optionally, the brightness can also be automatically reduced by controlling the device's brightness adjustment button via a program. This hardware-level control of the display screen's brightness avoids the perception of slower-responding colors, thereby improving visual comfort.

[0030] Step 350: Obtain the second switch signal, and the display screen restores its brightness.

[0031] Specifically, after a preset time, a second switch signal is sent to the system. The second switch signal is to notify the system hardware to restore the original brightness. According to the second switch signal, the FOG is converted to the light transmission mode, so that the light shines on the display screen again.

[0032] Furthermore, steps 310 to 350 can be performed simultaneously to execute the blocking procedure more quickly.

[0033] In some embodiments, if the brightness of the second screen is less than a preset value, a blocking procedure for a preset time is executed before playing the second screen; including: Step 360: Calculate the difference between the brightness of the first screen and the brightness of the second screen; Step 370: Determine the length of the preset time based on the difference.

[0034] Specifically, after determining that the transition from high brightness to low brightness is to be performed, the difference between the high and low brightness values ​​is calculated. This difference allows for the calculation of the preset time. Generally, the longer the high-brightness image persists, the greater the impact on response time. The calculated preset time will also vary depending on the color of light. This method allows for flexible adjustment of the blocking process execution time, preventing it from being too long or too short. Furthermore, the preset time can be adjusted based on the duration of high brightness. Prolonged high brightness typically results in a slower response time. The preset time is set to be flexibly adjustable to prevent the blocking process from being too long or too short, thus affecting the smoothness of the image.

[0035] In some embodiments, the brightness of the first screen of the current display is obtained in real time, and the brightness of the first screen is compared with a preset value; including: Step 110: Obtain the color gamut information of the current display screen; Specifically, by obtaining the color gamut information of the current display screen, in environments such as multi-screen environments, when transmitting commands or videos across screens, the transmission from the high color gamut display screen to the low color gamut display screen can be done without executing steps 100 to 300, thereby improving the smoothness of the display screen.

[0036] Step 120: If the color gamut information is within the first range, then obtain the brightness of the first screen of the current display in real time and compare the brightness of the first screen with the preset value; otherwise, play the display screen normally according to the timestamp.

[0037] Specifically, if the display is determined to be a high color gamut display, the method in steps 100 to 300 is executed to switch the screen. If the display is determined to be a low color gamut display, this method is not required. Furthermore, when calculating the preset time, the preset time length can be determined based on the color gamut information so that the preset time can be adjusted according to different display screens.

[0038] In some embodiments, if the color gamut information is within a first range, the brightness of the first screen of the current display is obtained in real time, and the brightness of the first screen is compared with a preset value; otherwise, the display screen is played normally according to the timestamp; including: If the color gamut information is within the first range, the brightness of the first screen of the current display is obtained in real time, and the preset value is determined according to the color gamut information. The brightness of the first screen is then compared with the preset value. Otherwise, the display screen is played normally according to the timestamp.

[0039] Specifically, the color gamut information is within a first range, which can be a high color gamut range, to determine the thresholds for high and low brightness, thereby making steps 100 to 300 more flexible. Simultaneously, the range can be divided into multiple ranges, such as high, medium, and low ranges, to determine different preset values ​​and preset times. It is understood that this embodiment only proposes one implementation method.

[0040] In some embodiments, if the brightness of the first image is greater than a preset value, the brightness of the second image at the next timestamp of the first image is obtained, and the brightness of the second image is compared with the preset value; including: If the brightness of the first screen is greater than the preset value, obtain the brightness of the second screen of the second screen at the next timestamp of the first screen, and compare the brightness of the second screen with the preset value; If the brightness of the second screen is less than the preset value, the brightness of the third screen of the third screen of multiple consecutive timestamps after the second screen is obtained. If the brightness of the third screen is less than the preset value, a blocking procedure of preset time is executed before playing the last third screen.

[0041] Specifically, after determining the high and low brightness nodes, in order to avoid repeated execution of steps 100 to 300 due to sudden changes in screen brightness, such as sudden brightness jumps, which would cause the screen to be unsmooth, the system can continuously monitor for a period of time and then execute step 300 only after determining that the screen has switched to low brightness. This method can avoid frequent execution of the blocking program and improve the smoothness of the screen.

[0042] Furthermore, if the color difference of the third image is consistent with the color light that needs to be blocked, or is within the range that the eye can accept, then the color light that needs to be blocked can be retained on the image, and the length of the preset time can be reduced instead of waiting for the color light to disappear completely. The advantage of this method is that the preset time can be reduced, making the preset time adjustment more flexible.

[0043] Example 2: like Figure 3 As shown, this embodiment proposes a vehicle infotainment device, including: The first brightness acquisition module 410 is used to acquire the brightness of the first screen of the current display in real time and compare the brightness of the first screen with a preset value so that the vehicle device can execute step 100.

[0044] The second brightness acquisition module 420 is used to acquire the brightness of the second screen of the second screen at the next timestamp of the first screen if the brightness of the first screen is greater than a preset value, and compare the brightness of the second screen with the preset value; so that the vehicle device executes step 200, thereby combining the first brightness acquisition module 410 to determine the switching node between high brightness and low brightness.

[0045] The blocking procedure execution module 430 is used to execute a blocking procedure for a preset time before playing the second screen if the brightness of the second screen is less than a preset value. This allows the vehicle-mounted device to execute step 300, thereby executing the blocking procedure when switching between high and low brightness to prevent color light retention from combining with the existing screen and causing abnormal color phenomena.

[0046] Example 3: like Figure 4 As shown, the present invention proposes a vehicle infotainment system, which may include: a processor 502, a communications interface 504, a memory 506, and a communication bus 508.

[0047] The processor 502, communication interface 504, and memory 506 communicate with each other via communication bus 508. Communication interface 504 is used to communicate with other network elements such as clients or other servers. The processor 502 executes program 510, specifically performing the relevant steps described in the embodiment of the display screen switching method.

[0048] Specifically, program 510 may include program code, which includes computer-executable instructions.

[0049] Processor 502 may be a central processing unit (CPU), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits configured to implement embodiments of the present invention. The vehicle-mounted equipment includes one or more processors, which may be of the same type, such as one or more CPUs; or they may be of different types, such as one or more CPUs and one or more ASICs.

[0050] Memory 506 is used to store program 510. Memory 506 may include high-speed RAM memory, and may also include non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device.

[0051] Example 4: This invention provides a readable storage medium storing at least one executable instruction. When the executable instruction is executed on a vehicle-mounted device, it causes the vehicle-mounted device to perform the display screen switching method in any of the above method embodiments.

[0052] The algorithms or displays provided herein are not inherently related to any particular computer, virtual system, or other device. Furthermore, the embodiments of this invention are not directed to any particular programming language.

[0053] Numerous specific details are set forth in the specification provided herein. However, it will be understood that embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these specific details. Similarly, for the sake of brevity and to aid in understanding one or more aspects of the invention, in the description of exemplary embodiments of the invention above, various features of the embodiments are sometimes grouped together in a single embodiment, figure, or description thereof. The claims, which follow the detailed description, are hereby expressly incorporated into that detailed description, wherein each claim itself is a separate embodiment of the invention.

[0054] Those skilled in the art will understand that the modules in the device of the embodiment can be adaptively changed and placed in one or more devices different from that embodiment. Modules, units, or components in the embodiment can be combined into a single module, unit, or component, and further, they can be divided into multiple sub-modules, sub-units, or sub-components, except that at least some of such features and / or processes or units are mutually exclusive.

[0055] It should be noted that the above embodiments are illustrative of the invention and not restrictive, and that those skilled in the art can devise alternative embodiments without departing from the scope of the appended claims. In the claims, any reference signs placed between parentheses should not be construed as limiting the claims. The word "comprising" does not exclude the presence of elements or steps not listed in the claims. The word "a" or "an" preceding an element does not exclude the presence of a plurality of such elements. The invention can be implemented by means of hardware comprising several different elements and by means of a suitably programmed computer. In the unit claims enumerating several means, several of these means may be embodied by the same item of hardware. The use of the words first, second, and third, etc., does not indicate any order. These words can be interpreted as names. The steps in the above embodiments, unless otherwise specified, should not be construed as limiting the order of execution.

Claims

1. A method for switching screen images, characterized in that, include: Real-time acquisition of the brightness of the first screen of the current display, and comparison of the brightness of the first screen with a preset value; If the brightness of the first image is greater than the preset value, obtain the brightness of the second image of the second image at the next timestamp of the first image, and compare the brightness of the second image with the preset value; If the brightness of the second image is less than the preset value, a blocking procedure for a preset time is executed before playing the second image. The preset time is adjusted according to the image difference between the first image and the second image.

2. The display screen switching method according to claim 1, characterized in that, If the brightness of the second image is less than the preset value, a blocking procedure for a preset time is executed before playing the second image; including: If the brightness of the second image is less than the preset value, then a dark image for a preset preset time is obtained; After playing the preset dark scene for the preset time, the second scene is played.

3. The display screen switching method according to claim 1, characterized in that, If the brightness of the second image is less than the preset value, a blocking procedure for the preset time is executed before playing the second image; including: If the brightness of the second screen is less than the preset value, a first switch signal is sent and a timer is started simultaneously. After the preset time is elapsed, a second switch signal is sent. Upon receiving the first switch signal, the display screen reduces its brightness. Upon receiving the second switch signal, the display screen restores its brightness.

4. The display screen switching method according to claim 1, characterized in that, If the brightness of the second image is less than the preset value, a blocking procedure for the preset time is executed before playing the second image; including: Calculate the difference between the brightness of the first image and the brightness of the second image; The length of the preset time is determined based on the difference.

5. The display screen switching method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The step of acquiring the brightness of the first screen of the current display in real time and comparing the brightness of the first screen with a preset value includes: Obtain the color gamut information of the current display screen; If the color gamut information is within the first range, the brightness of the first screen of the current display is obtained in real time and compared with a preset value; otherwise, the display screen is played normally according to the timestamp sequence.

6. The display screen switching method according to claim 5, characterized in that, If the color gamut information is within the first range, the brightness of the first screen of the current display is obtained in real time, and the brightness of the first screen is compared with a preset value. Otherwise, the screen displays will play normally in timestamp order; including: If the color gamut information is within the first range, the brightness of the first screen of the current display screen is obtained in real time, and the preset value is determined according to the color gamut information, and the brightness of the first screen is compared with the preset value. Otherwise, the screen will play normally in the order of timestamps.

7. The display screen switching method according to claim 1, characterized in that, If the brightness of the first image is greater than the preset value, the brightness of the second image of the second image at the next timestamp of the first image is obtained, and the brightness of the second image is compared with the preset value; including: If the brightness of the first image is greater than the preset value, obtain the brightness of the second image of the second image at the next timestamp of the first image, and compare the brightness of the second image with the preset value; If the brightness of the second screen is less than the preset value, the brightness of the third screen of the third screen of multiple consecutive timestamps after the second screen is obtained. If the brightness of the third screen is less than the preset value, a blocking procedure for a preset time is executed before playing the last third screen.

8. A vehicle-mounted infotainment system, characterized in that, include: The first brightness acquisition module is used to acquire the brightness of the first screen of the current display in real time and compare the brightness of the first screen with a preset value. The second brightness acquisition module is used to acquire the brightness of the second image of the second image at the next timestamp of the first image if the brightness of the first image is greater than the preset value, and compare the brightness of the second image with the preset value. The blocking program execution module is used to execute a blocking program for a preset time before playing the second screen if the brightness of the second screen is less than the preset value.

9. A vehicle infotainment system, characterized in that, include: The processor, memory, communication interface, and communication bus are provided, wherein the processor, memory, and communication interface communicate with each other via the communication bus. The memory is used to store at least one executable instruction, which causes the processor to perform the operation of the display screen switching method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

10. A readable storage medium, characterized in that, The storage medium stores at least one executable instruction, which, when executed on the vehicle infotainment system / device, causes the vehicle infotainment system / device to perform the operation of the screen switching device method as described in any one of claims 1-7.

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