Conversation method and electronic equipment

Abstract

The embodiment of the invention provides a call method and electronic equipment, and relates to the technical field of communication. The problem that the cross-communication system is triggered due to the fact that the signal of the first network system is relatively weak is solved. The specific solution is: a UE receives RRC reconfiguration information from a first network device, the RRC reconfiguration information comprising a reporting condition corresponding to a target measurement event, the reporting condition being a condition required to be satisfied by the signal strength of a first signal and / or a second signal; the first signal is a radio signal sent by a first network device of a first network type, and the second signal is a radio signal sent by a second network device of a second network type; when the first signal and / or the second signal detected by the UE satisfies a reporting condition and satisfies a preset condition, the UE inhibits reporting of a measurement report of a target measurement event to the first network device; wherein the preset condition comprises that the signal intensity of the first signal is greater than a first threshold value.

Description

Method and electronic device for calling

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office on December 28, 2023, with application number 202311849717.9 and invention name “A method and device for making calls”, and the Chinese patent application filed with the State Intellectual Property Office on March 22, 2024, with application number 202410341307.1 and invention name “A method and electronic device for making calls”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into this application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a method and electronic device for making a call. Background Art

[0003] With the development of the fifth generation (5G), more and more services based on 5G technology are being introduced. For example, voice services are transmitted over the new radio (NR) air interface of 5G technology. The voice services transmitted over the NR air interface of 5G technology can be called voice over new radio (VoNR).

[0004] When a user equipment (UE) is performing a communication service (e.g., a VONR call), the NR signal becomes relatively weak, and the UE may be redirected or switched to LTE. During this process, communication service anomalies may occur, such as call drops.

[0005] Summary of the Invention

[0006] The embodiments of the present application provide a method and electronic device for making a call, so as to improve the quality of communication services.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the embodiments of the present application adopt the following technical solutions:

[0008] In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for making a call, the method comprising:

[0009] The UE receives RRC reconfiguration information from the first network device.

[0010] Exemplarily, the RRC reconfiguration information includes reporting conditions corresponding to the target measurement event. The target measurement event may include one or more of a B1 event and a B2 event. Each target measurement event corresponds to a reporting condition. In addition, the reporting condition is a measurement report configured by the first network device to report a measurement that meets the target measurement event. In addition, the reporting condition may be a condition that the signal strength of the first signal and / or the second signal must meet. The first signal is a radio signal emitted by a first network device of a first network standard, and the second signal is a radio signal emitted by a second network device of a second network standard. The first network standard is higher than the second network standard.

[0011] When the first signal and / or the second signal detected by the UE meets the reporting condition and the preset condition, the UE suppresses reporting the measurement report of the target measurement event to the first network device, wherein the preset condition includes that the signal strength of the first signal is greater than a first threshold.

[0012] In the above embodiment, when the UE identifies that the current reporting conditions configured by the first network device are met, if it is detected that the signal quality of the first network device can still support the normal execution of communication services, for example, the signal strength of the first signal is greater than the first threshold, the measurement report can be suppressed from being sent to the first network device, thereby avoiding triggering the switching of the network device to be accessed, and also avoiding the UE from switching the communication system to which it is connected.

[0013] Compared with immediately sending a measurement report to the first network device when the reporting conditions are met, the method provided in the above embodiment reduces the probability of the UE switching the communication system while ensuring the normal execution of the communication service, and avoids the impact of the communication service being executed due to cross-communication system.

[0014] In some embodiments, the preset condition may be that the signal strength of the first signal is greater than a first threshold. In this way, when the first signal is relatively weak or temporarily weak, the preset condition can ensure normal execution of communication services while reducing the probability of the UE crossing the communication system.

[0015] In other embodiments, the above-mentioned preset condition may also be that the target signal strength difference is less than or equal to the target threshold, wherein the target signal strength difference is the difference between the signal strength of the second signal and the signal strength of the first signal. The target signal strength difference being less than or equal to the target threshold may also be replaced by a target signal strength difference being greater than the target threshold, wherein the target signal strength difference is the difference between the signal strength of the first signal and the signal strength of the second signal. In this way, when the signal strength of a neighboring cell (second network standard) of a different system whose network standard is lower than that of the current service cell is not much different from the signal strength of the service cell (first network standard), the communication system switching is not triggered, thereby ensuring that the communication service being executed is not affected. It also avoids the following situation: after switching the communication system, the communication quality is not improved.

[0016] In other embodiments, the pre-condition may also be that the signal strength of the first signal is greater than a first threshold, and the target signal strength difference is less than or equal to the target threshold. The target signal strength difference is the difference between the signal strength of the second signal and the signal strength of the first signal. In this way, when the signal strength of the heterogeneous system neighboring cell is not much different from the signal strength of the serving cell, the UE is prevented from performing unnecessary communication system switching, ensuring that ongoing communication services are not affected.

[0017] In some embodiments, when the UE is performing a call service, the target threshold is the second threshold; when the UE is not performing a call service, the target threshold is the third threshold, wherein the second threshold is greater than the third threshold.

[0018] During call service, the UE increases the requirement to transfer from the first network standard to the second network standard communication system to avoid call drops. Of course, during non-call service, the target threshold value assigned to the third threshold value can also be used to reduce the probability of the UE transferring from the first network standard to the second network standard communication system, thereby avoiding unnecessary handovers.

[0019] In some embodiments, when the first signal and / or second signal detected by the UE meets the reporting conditions and does not meet the preset conditions, the UE reports a measurement report of the target measurement event to the first network device; in response to the switching indication information of the first network device, the UE transfers from the first network device of the first network standard to the second network device of the second network standard.

[0020] The above-mentioned method of not meeting the pre-set conditions may include any of the following:

[0021] The signal strength of the first signal is less than or equal to a first threshold.

[0022] The target signal strength difference is greater than the target threshold.

[0023] When the signal strength of the first signal is greater than the first threshold, the target signal strength difference is greater than the target threshold.

[0024] In some embodiments, the first network standard is NR and the second network standard is LTE.

[0025] In some embodiments, the value of the first threshold is related to one or more of the following: the UE's current location information, the travel information configured in the UE, the UE's motion status, the frequency band of the first network device, the frequency band of the second network device, or the duplex mode enabled by the UE.

[0026] In some embodiments, the value of the second threshold is related to one or more of the following: the UE's current location information, the travel information configured in the UE, the UE's motion status, the frequency band of the first network device, the frequency band of the second network device, or the duplex mode enabled by the UE.

[0027] In some embodiments, the value of the third threshold is related to one or more of the following: the UE's current location information, the travel information configured in the UE, the UE's motion status, the frequency band of the first network device, the frequency band of the second network device, or the duplex mode enabled by the UE.

[0028] In the above embodiment, the values ​​of the first threshold, the second threshold, and / or the third threshold can be dynamically adjusted as the scenario changes. The above scenario can be indicated by one or more of the following: the UE's current location information, the itinerary information configured in the UE, the UE's motion state, the frequency band of the first network device, the frequency band of the second network device, or the duplex mode enabled by the UE. In this way, the accuracy of the decision of whether to transfer to the second network device of the second network standard is higher by using the first threshold, the second threshold, and the third threshold.

[0029] In some embodiments, the target measurement event is a B event, which is an event configured by the first network device to trigger switching to a different communication system.

[0030] Exemplarily, the above-mentioned B event may be a B2 event, and the reporting conditions corresponding to the B2 event include: the signal strength of the detected first signal is less than a first threshold value, and the signal strength of the detected second signal is greater than a second threshold value. Exemplarily, the first threshold value is greater than the first threshold value.

[0031] In some embodiments, before the UE receives the RRC reconfiguration information from the first network device, the method further includes: the UE camping on a cell corresponding to the first network device.

[0032] In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a method for a call, the method comprising: a UE resides in a cell B of a first network standard; the UE receives an RRC reconfiguration message sent by a network side, wherein the RRC reconfiguration message configures a reporting condition for the B event; when the first condition is met, the UE reports a measurement report of the B event to the network side, wherein the first condition includes: a cell A of a second network standard meets the reporting condition for the B event, and a signal value of the cell B is less than or equal to a first threshold; wherein the first network standard is higher than the second network standard; when the second condition and the third condition are met, the UE E reports the measurement report of event B to the network side; when the second condition is met but the third condition is not met, the UE suppresses reporting the measurement report of event B to the network side; wherein, the second condition includes: cell A meets the reporting condition of event B, and the signal value of cell B is greater than the threshold 1; the third condition includes: the UE is currently in a call service, and the difference between the signal value of cell A and the signal value of cell B is greater than the second threshold, or, the UE is not currently in a call service, and the difference between the signal value of cell A and the signal value of cell B is greater than the third threshold, wherein, the second threshold is greater than the third threshold.

[0033] In a third aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides an electronic device comprising: a processor and a memory; the memory stores computer-executable instructions; the processor executes the computer-executable instructions stored in the memory, so that the electronic device executes the methods provided in the first aspect, the second aspect and their possible implementation methods.

[0034] In a fourth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a chip system comprising at least one processor and a communication interface, wherein the communication interface and the at least one processor are interconnected via lines, and the at least one processor is used to run computer programs or instructions to execute the methods provided in the first aspect, the second aspect and their possible implementation methods.

[0035] In a fifth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program / instruction stored thereon. When the computer program / instruction is executed by a processor, the method provided in the first aspect, the second aspect and possible implementation methods thereof is implemented.

[0036] In a sixth aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a computer program product, including a computer program / instruction, which, when executed by a processor, implements the methods provided in the first aspect, the second aspect and their possible implementation methods.

[0037] It can be understood that the electronic devices, computer storage media and computer program products provided in the above aspects are all applied to the corresponding methods provided above. Therefore, the beneficial effects that can be achieved can refer to the beneficial effects in the corresponding methods provided above and will not be repeated here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0038] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication system provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0039] FIG2 is an exemplary diagram of a communication system capable of implementing VoNR calls according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0040] FIG3 illustrates an example of steps for redirecting or handing over (HO) a UE from NR to LTE during a VoNR call;

[0041] FIG4 is a flowchart of a method for making a call provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0042] FIG5 is a second flowchart of a method for making a call provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0043] FIG6 is a third flowchart of a method for making a call provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0044] FIG7 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware structure of a UE provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0045] FIG8 is a diagram showing an example of the software structure of a UE according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0046] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. In the description of the present application, unless otherwise specified, "at least one" means one or more, and "a plurality of" means two or more than two. In addition, in order to facilitate the clear description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, in the embodiments of the present application, words such as "first" and "second" are used to distinguish between identical or similar items with substantially the same functions and effects. Those skilled in the art will understand that words such as "first" and "second" do not limit the quantity and execution order, and words such as "first" and "second" do not necessarily limit them to be different.

[0047] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application can be applied to various communication systems, such as wireless fidelity (WiFi) systems, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication systems, device-to-device (D2D) communication systems, Internet of Vehicles (IoV) communication systems, fourth-generation (4G) mobile communication systems, such as long-term evolution (LTE) systems, world-wide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX) communication systems, 5G, such as new radio (NR) systems, and future communication systems. In subsequent embodiments, the terms 4G and LTE can be used interchangeably, and the terms 5G and NR can be used interchangeably.

[0048] This application will present various aspects, embodiments, or features in the context of systems that may include multiple devices, components, modules, etc. It should be understood and appreciated that each system may include additional devices, components, modules, etc., and / or may not include all of the devices, components, modules, etc. discussed in conjunction with the figures. Furthermore, combinations of these aspects may also be used.

[0049] Additionally, in the embodiments of this application, words such as "exemplary" and "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described in this application as "exemplary" should not be construed as being preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Rather, the use of the word "exemplary" is intended to present concepts in a concrete manner.

[0050] The network architecture and business scenarios described in the embodiments of the present application are intended to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application. Ordinary technicians in this field will know that with the evolution of network architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

[0051] To facilitate understanding of the embodiments of the present application, a communication system applicable to the embodiments of the present application is first described in detail using the communication system shown in Figure 1 as an example. For example, Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the architecture of a communication system (or network architecture) applicable to the communication method provided in the embodiments of the present application.

[0052] As shown in FIG1 , the communication system mainly includes: user equipment (UE), network equipment, core network, IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) or the Internet.

[0053] A UE can be a terminal device with transceiver capabilities, or a chip or chip system that can be installed in the terminal device. A UE can also be called an access terminal, subscriber unit, user station, mobile station (MS), mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, terminal, wireless communication device, user agent, or user equipment.

[0054] The UE in the embodiments of the present application can be a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a tablet computer, a wireless data card, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless modem, a handheld device (handset), a laptop computer, a machine type communication (MTC) terminal, a computer with wireless transceiver function, a virtual reality (VR) terminal, an augmented reality (AR) terminal, a wireless terminal in industrial control, a wireless terminal in self-driving, a wireless terminal in remote medical, a wireless terminal in smart grid, a wireless terminal in transportation safety, a wireless terminal in smart city, a wireless terminal in smart home, a vehicle-mounted terminal, a road side unit (RSU) with terminal function, etc. The terminal of the present application may also be an on-board module, on-board module, on-board component, on-board chip or on-board unit built into the vehicle as one or more components or units.

[0055] Network equipment, such as access network (AN) equipment, may also be referred to as radio access network (RAN) equipment. RAN equipment can provide access functions for UEs and is responsible for radio resource management, quality of service (QoS) management, data compression and encryption, and other functions on the air interface side. RAN equipment may include 5G, such as a gNB in ​​an NR system, or one or a group of antenna panels (including multiple antenna panels) of a base station in a 5G system, or a network node constituting a gNB, a transmission and reception point (TRP or transmission point, TP), or a transmission measurement function (TMF), such as a baseband unit (BBU), a centralized unit (CU), a distributed unit (DU), an RSU with base station functions, or a wired access gateway, or a core network element of a 5G system. Alternatively, the RAN device may also include an access point (AP) in a wireless fidelity (WiFi) system, a wireless relay node, a wireless backhaul node, various forms of macro base stations, micro base stations (also known as small stations), relay stations, access points, wearable devices, vehicle-mounted devices, etc. Alternatively, the RAN device may also include a next-generation mobile communication system, such as 6G access network equipment, such as a 6G base station, or in the next-generation mobile communication system, the network equipment may also have other naming methods, all of which are included in the protection scope of the embodiments of this application, and this application does not impose any limitations on this.

[0056] The core network provides user connections, user management, and service delivery, acting as a bearer network interface to external networks. Establishing user connections includes functions such as mobility management (MM), call management (CM), switching / routing, and voice notification (which, combined with intelligent network services, connects to intelligent network peripheral devices).

[0057] The core network of a 4G network is the Evolved Packet Core (EPC). The EPC is the core network of a 4G mobile communications network. It encompasses traditional mobile network capabilities, such as user subscription data storage, mobility management, and data exchange, and provides users with an ultra-high-speed Internet experience. The core network of a 5G network is the 5G Core (abbreviated as 5GC). 5GC uses general-purpose network function virtualization equipment to replace the dedicated communication equipment of 4G networks.

[0058] It should be noted that the core network shown in Figure 1 can refer to a core network of a 4G (such as LTE) network standard, a core network of a 5G (such as NR) network standard, or a core network that integrates a 4G (such as LTE) network standard and a 5G (such as NR) network standard, for example, a core network obtained by integrating the EPC and 5GC. In other words, the core network in this network architecture can include both network elements in the EPC and network elements in the 5GC. For example, the core network in the network architecture may include access and mobility management function (AMF) network element, mobility management entity (MME) network element, serving gateway (SGW) network element, packet data network gateway (PGW) network element, session management function (SMF) network element, user plane function (UPF) network element, unified data management function (UDM) network element and home subscriber server (HSS) network element, etc.

[0059] In this way, the UE can access the core network through the NR network equipment or through the LTE network equipment.

[0060] Exemplarily, the core network in the communication system may include converged network elements obtained from network elements in the EPC and network elements in the 5GC, such as SMF+PGW-C, UPF+PGW-U, UDM+HSS, etc. Among them, PGW-C is the control plane node of the PGW network element, and PGW-U is the user plane node of the PGW network element.

[0061] For example, the core network may include a Proxy Session Border Control (PSBC) network element, which is a combined network element that integrates a Session Border Control (SBC), a Proxy-Call Session Control Function (P-CSCF), an Access Transfer Control Function (ATCF), and an Access Transfer Gateway (ATGW). As an SBC network element, it connects the IMS core network / softswitch network with external user access areas, providing service access for IMS / softswitch users, enabling interoperability of user services across different network environments, ensuring IMS / softswitch network security, and supporting QoS management, CAC traffic control, media management, and CDR media call detail records.

[0062] Each network element in the core network can also be called a functional entity, which can be a network element implemented on dedicated hardware, a software instance running on dedicated hardware, or an instance of a virtualized function on an appropriate platform.

[0063] It should be understood that the names of all network elements in this application are only examples. In future communications, such as 6G, they may also be called other names, or, in future communications, such as 6G, the network elements involved in this application may also be replaced by other entities or devices with the same functions, etc., and this application does not limit this. A unified explanation is given here and will not be repeated later. Optionally, the various network elements in the embodiments of the present application may be communication devices, or chips or chip systems that can be used in the communication devices, etc., and this embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

[0064] It is understood that the core network may also include other devices, network elements, network entities or network subsystems, such as a policy control function (PCF) network element, and this application does not limit this. It should be noted that this application does not limit the distribution method of each network element in the core network. The specific distribution method can be referred to in relevant technical documents, and this application does not elaborate on it here.

[0065] IMS is an architecture that provides voice and multimedia communication services (such as voice, video, and text messaging) based on the Internet Protocol (IP) network. IMS enables secure and reliable multimedia communication between different devices. The architectural model provides a unified infrastructure and common mechanisms for controlling, operating, routing, and managing sessions, as well as implementing authentication, authorization, and accounting controls. The IMS specifications include widely used recommendations from the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). For example, the Session Initialization Protocol (SIP) is used for session control signaling.

[0066] The Internet, generally referred to as the Internet, also known as the international network, refers to a vast network of interconnected networks, connected by a common set of protocols to form a single, logically vast international network. From a network communications perspective, the Internet is a data communications network that uses the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) / Internet Protocol (IP) to connect computer networks in countries, regions, and institutions around the world.

[0067] It can be understood that FIG1 is only a simplified schematic diagram for ease of understanding, and the communication system may further include other network devices and / or other UEs, which are not shown in FIG1 .

[0068] In some embodiments, a UE in the aforementioned communication system can access the communication system corresponding to the network device through a network device. In this way, the UE can perform various communication services based on the accessed communication system. For example, the aforementioned communication services may include call services and network data transmission services (or Internet access services).

[0069] In some embodiments, when the UE is connected to network devices of different network standards, it can perform various communication services based on communication systems of different standards.

[0070] For example, after the UE accesses the communication system of the first network standard (such as NR) through the network equipment of the first network standard, it can perform call services based on the communication system of the first network standard, such as (voice over NR, VoNR) calls.

[0071] For another example, after the UE accesses the communication system of the second network standard (such as LTE) through the network equipment of the second network standard, it can perform call services based on the communication system of the second network standard, such as (voice over LTE, VoLTE) calls.

[0072] It can be understood that the above-mentioned first network standard and second network standard refer to two different network standards, and are not limited to NR or LTE. The above-mentioned first network standard or second network standard can also refer to the network standard corresponding to the future communication system (such as 6G), which is not specifically limited in this embodiment of the present application. In addition, the first network standard is higher than the second network standard. For example, the first network standard is 5G and the second network standard is 4G.

[0073] In some embodiments, during normal operation, the UE may select the network device to be accessed. For example, the UE may monitor the radio signal from the network device. Then, based on the detected radio signal, the UE evaluates the signal quality corresponding to the network device that sends the radio signal. The radio signal may be a synchronization signal and channel state information from the network device. After monitoring the radio signal, the reference signal received power (RSRP), received signal strength indicator (RSSI), reference signal receiving quality (RSRQ) and signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) corresponding to the network device may be evaluated. For specific implementation details, please refer to the relevant technology and will not be described here. Then, the UE evaluates the signal quality corresponding to the network device based on the value of one or more of the detected RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ and SINR. Then, the UE selects the network device with the best signal quality and accesses it.

[0074] Understandably, radio signals emitted by network devices attenuate during propagation, resulting in a limited signal coverage area. The area within which radio signals from a network device can be received is referred to as the service range of the network device. Only UEs within the service range of a network device can request access to the network device.

[0075] Furthermore, the service range of a network device can be divided into at least one cell. If the network device includes multiple base stations, the signal coverage of different base stations may differ or overlap. Furthermore, each cell of the network device corresponds to the signal coverage of a base station. The base stations corresponding to different cells may be different or the same, and this is not specifically limited.

[0076] In the embodiments of the present application, the terms "network device" and "cell" can be used interchangeably. A UE residing in a cell can be understood as a UE establishing a connection with the network device corresponding to the cell and maintaining the connection. While the UE is residing in the cell, it can access the corresponding communication system through the network device corresponding to the cell and perform communication services.

[0077] Because radio signals attenuate over distance during propagation, signal quality can vary at different locations within a cell corresponding to a network device. Furthermore, the cell corresponding to a network device can also change due to, for example, environmental factors or operating power.

[0078] In this scenario (eg, the location of the UE user changes, or the cell range of the network device changes), the UE can trigger switching of the accessed cell to ensure communication quality.

[0079] Exemplarily, during the UE's idle period, the UE can switch between cells of different network standards based on the communication quality of the cells. While the UE is performing some communication services (such as Internet access services), it can also switch between cells of different network standards based on the communication quality of the cells. While the UE is performing other communication services (such as call services), the UE can switch from a cell of the first network standard to a cell of the second network standard, but cannot switch from a cell of the second network standard to a cell of the first network standard. The first network standard is higher than the second network standard.

[0080] Take the first network standard as NR and the second network standard as LTE as an example. While the UE is stationed in the NR cell, it can respond to user operations and perform VoNR call services. As shown in Figure 2, UE101 is stationed in NR cell B, and cell B corresponds to the network device 103 of the NR network. Taking UE101 as the calling device (that is, the terminal that initiates the call) and UE102 as the called device (that is, the device that answers the call) as an example, the process of UE101 actively initiating a VoNR call to UE102 is introduced:

[0081] (1) UE 101 requests to establish a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection with network device 103 . In this way, UE 101 can access core network 104 through network device 103 .

[0082] (2) In response to a user operation, UE 101 may send a call request message to the core network 104 through the network device 103 . The call request message carries an identifier of UE 102 (eg, a telephone number).

[0083] (3) UE 101 may establish a default bearer corresponding to a quality of service class identifier (QCI) of 9 and a session initiation protocol (SIP) signaling bearer corresponding to QCI 5.

[0084] For example, after the default bearer corresponding to QCI9 and the SIP signaling bearer corresponding to QCI5 are established, the bearer information of NR mapping to LTE can also be maintained in UE101.

[0085] For example, the bearer information includes: a correspondence between QCI9 and "bearer identifier (eps_bearer_id, EBI) = 6". This correspondence indicates that the bearer corresponding to EBI6 is used to transmit data related to Internet access services.

[0086] For another example, the bearer information includes a correspondence between QCI5 and "EBI=5." The correspondence indicates that the bearer corresponding to EBI5 is used to transmit SIP signaling.

[0087] In addition, the core network 104 may be communicatively connected with the IMS 105 .

[0088] (4) After receiving the call request information from UE 101, core network 104 may also send a response message to UE 101 through network device 103, indicating that core network 104 is processing the call initiated by UE 101. In addition, core network 104 may also send the call request information to UE 102 through IMS 105 to page UE 102.

[0089] (5) UE 102 establishes an RRC connection with network device 106 and accesses the corresponding core network 107 through network device 106 . In this way, UE 102 can receive paging from IMS 105 , such as the call request information from UE 101 .

[0090] For example, after UE 102 receives the call request information, UE 102 and UE 101 perform SIP session negotiation through IMS 105 , for example, negotiating information such as encoding mode, IP address, and port number.

[0091] (6) After the negotiation is completed, UE101 can also establish a QCI1 data radio bearer for transmitting multimedia data such as audio and video. UE102 can also establish a QCI1 data radio bearer for transmitting multimedia data such as audio and video.

[0092] After the QCI1 data radio bearer is established, the NR mapping maintained within UE 101 is mapped to the LTE bearer information, including the mapping between QCI 1 and "EBI = 7." This mapping indicates that the bearer corresponding to EBI 7 is used to transmit voice data. The same process is repeated on UE 102, which will not be further described here.

[0093] (7) Afterwards, UE102 may remind the user of the incoming call from UE101 by ringing, displaying, etc. After UE102 detects that the user has answered the call, UE101 and UE102 may transmit voice data through the corresponding 5G system and IMS105 to start a VONR call.

[0094] It is understandable that the above steps (1)-(7) are simplified examples. In the specific implementation, the VONR call between UE101 and UE102 may include more or less signaling interactions. Please refer to the relevant standards and will not go into details here.

[0095] Simply put, through the above steps (1)-(7), UE101 and UE102 first establish corresponding bearers respectively, and then establish an IMS session based on the established bearers. It can be understood that the bearer is established between the UE and the packet data network (PDN). The bearers in the embodiment of the present application include default bearers and dedicated bearers. The default bearer includes a bearer with QCI=5, which is used to carry control signaling during calls and conversations. The dedicated bearer includes a bearer with QCI=1, which is used to meet the quality of service (QoS) requirements of multimedia data transmitted between UE101 and UE102, and is used to carry voice packets and / or video streams on the media plane.

[0096] In some embodiments, during a VONR call, the NR cell where the UE resides may instruct the UE to perform a handover (HO) from NR to LTE. For example, if the radio signal strength received by the UE from the NR cell weakens, triggering a UE redirection or HO to LTE. In other words, the UE switches from the NR communication system to the LTE communication system. This process involves inter-system communication and carries the risk of call drops.

[0097] As shown in Figure 3, the UE accesses the NR communication system through NR cell B (also referred to as cell B) and performs a VONR call based on the NR communication system. During the VONR call, the UE transmits voice data to the NR core network through the NR cell B according to the real-time transport protocol (RTP) / real-time transport control protocol (RTCP). During the VONR call, the process of UE redirection or HO from NR to LTE is as follows:

[0098] S1: The UE can measure the target cells, which include NR cell B and LTE cell A.

[0099] The target cell includes the UE's current serving cell and its corresponding neighboring cells. The serving cell is the cell where the UE resides, such as NR cell B in Figure 3. Neighboring cells are cells that overlap with the serving cell, such as LTE cell A in Figure 3 (also referred to as cell A), and may also include cells not shown in Figure 3.

[0100] In some examples, the neighboring cell and the serving cell use the same network standard, which can also be referred to as the serving cell and the neighboring cell being of the same system. The neighboring cell and the serving cell can also use a different network standard, which can also be referred to as the serving cell and the neighboring cell being of different systems. In addition, in Figure 3, the network device corresponding to NR cell B is a first network device using a first network standard (NR), and the network device corresponding to LTE cell A is a second network device using a second network standard (LTE).

[0101] In some embodiments, after the UE accesses NR cell B, that is, when NR cell B is the serving cell, the UE may receive RRC reconfiguration information from NR cell B. The RRC reconfiguration information includes neighboring cell frequencies, which are frequencies corresponding to neighboring cells of NR cell B. For example, LTE cell A is a neighboring cell of NR cell B, and the neighboring cell frequencies in the RRC reconfiguration information include frequencies corresponding to LTE cell A.

[0102] In some embodiments, the UE may measure the target cell based on the serving cell frequency and the neighboring cell frequency under a preset condition. For example, the preset condition may be that the UE is configured with a measurement period and the system time reaches the detection time point of each detection period.

[0103] In addition, the UE's measurement of the target cell may be to measure the signal condition of the target cell. For the specific process, please refer to the relevant technology. For example, the UE monitors the radio signal emitted by LTE cell A at the frequency corresponding to LTE cell A, and obtains the RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ value and / or SINR value corresponding to LTE cell A based on the radio signal from LTE cell A to achieve measurement for NR cell B. For another example, the UE may also monitor the radio signal emitted by NR cell B at the frequency corresponding to NR cell B, and obtain the RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ and / or SINR corresponding to NR cell B based on the radio signal from NR cell B to achieve measurement for NR cell B.

[0104] It is understandable that after the above measurements, the UE can obtain the measurement results corresponding to the target cell. Exemplarily, the measurement results include measurement values ​​representing signal quality, such as RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, and / or SINR corresponding to NR cell B and LTE cell A. In a possible embodiment, the above measurement results may also include the physical distance between the UE and NR cell B and LTE cell A.

[0105] When the measurement result indicates that the target cell meets the reporting conditions corresponding to the pre-configured measurement event, the UE generates a corresponding measurement report (MR) and reports it to NR cell B.

[0106] Exemplarily, the MR may record the signal strength and / or signal quality corresponding to the target cell. For example, the signal strength may be the RSRP of the target cell, and the signal quality may be the value evaluated by the UE based on the RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ and / or SINR of the target cell, or the signal quality may also be indicated by RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ and / or SINR. In some embodiments, the pre-configured measurement events and corresponding reporting conditions in the UE come from the serving cell (e.g., NR cell B). Exemplarily, after the UE accesses NR cell B, the received RRC reconfiguration information may also include measurement events and reporting conditions. Exemplarily, the measurement events may include: A3 events, A2 events, B1 events, B2 events, etc. A3 events and A2 events are measurement events for neighboring cells of the same network as the serving cell, which may be referred to as A events. B1 events and B2 events are measurement events for neighboring cells of different networks from the serving cell, which may be referred to as B events.

[0107] Among them, Event A3 indicates that the signal strength (or quality) of a neighboring cell of the same or different system is higher than the signal strength (or quality) of the serving cell by a certain threshold, such as 3 dBm.

[0108] For example, NR cell B is the serving cell, and the neighboring cell of NR cell B includes NR cell C. When the measurement result indicates that the reference signal received power (RSRP) value of NR cell C is 3dBm higher than the RSRP of NR cell B, it is determined that NR cell C meets the reporting conditions of event A3, and an MR for event A3 can be generated based on the measurement result. Event A2 (Event A2) indicates that the signal quality of the serving cell is lower than a certain threshold. For example, NR cell B is the serving cell. When the measurement result indicates that the RSRP of NR cell B is lower than the corresponding threshold, it is determined that NR cell B meets the reporting conditions of event A2, and an MR for event A2 can be generated based on the measurement result.

[0109] Event B1 indicates that the signal quality of a neighboring heterogeneous cell exceeds a certain threshold. For example, if NR cell B is the serving cell and LTE cell A is its heterogeneous neighbor, and the measurement results indicate that the RSRP of LTE cell A is above the corresponding threshold, LTE cell A is determined to meet the reporting conditions for Event B1, and a MR for Event B1 can be generated based on the measurement results.

[0110] Event B2 indicates that the quality of the serving cell is below a certain threshold and / or the quality of the heterogeneous system neighboring cell is above a certain threshold. For example, if NR cell B is the serving cell and LTE cell A is the neighboring cell, and the measurement results indicate that the RSRP of NR cell B is below the corresponding threshold and / or the RSRP of LTE cell A is above the corresponding threshold, LTE cell A is determined to meet the reporting conditions for Event B2, and a MR for Event B2 can be generated based on the measurement results.

[0111] In addition, the RSRP of NR cell B can indicate the signal strength of the first signal from the first network device detected by the UE. The RSRP of LTE cell A can indicate the signal strength of the second signal from the second network device detected by the UE.

[0112] In the following embodiments, LTE cell A meeting the reporting conditions of event B2 is used as an example for description. In the above event B2, the serving cell corresponds to a threshold value of 1, and the heterogeneous system neighboring cell corresponds to a threshold value of 2.

[0113] S2, UE reports the MR of event B2 to NR cell B.

[0114] The MR for the B2 event includes that the RSRP of NR cell B is lower than threshold 1, and the RSRP of LTE cell A is higher than threshold 2. The MR for the B2 event may indicate that the UE has detected that the signal of NR cell B has weakened and the signal of LTE cell A has strengthened. In some embodiments, threshold 1 corresponding to NR cell B may be lower than threshold 2 of LTE cell A.

[0115] S3, NR cell B instructs the UE to switch to LTE cell A based on the MR of event B2.

[0116] In step S4, the UE accesses the LTE cell A through random access (Rach) and establishes a radio resource control (RRC) connection with the LTE cell A.

[0117] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned process of Rach to LTE cell A and establishing an RRC connection between UE and LTE cell A may refer to relevant technologies and will not be described in detail here.

[0118] S5: After the RRC connection is established, the UE sends a tracking area update (TAU) request to the LTE cell A.

[0119] It can be understood that when the UE switches from NR cell B to LTE cell A, it involves cross-communication systems. According to relevant rules, it is necessary to execute the TAU process, that is, execute S5. Among them, the above-mentioned TAU request can also be recorded as TAU request, and the above-mentioned TAU request may include information indicating the currently activated bearer. For example, during the period when the UE performs a VONR call based on NR cell B, the bearers indicated by EBI6, EBI5 and EBI7 have been activated, among which the above-mentioned EBI6 corresponds to the bearer of QCI9, EBI5 corresponds to the bearer of QCI5, and EBI7 corresponds to the bearer of QCI1. Accordingly, the above-mentioned TAU request carries eps_bearer_context_status, and the eps_bearer_context_status can be EBI5=1, EBI6=1 and EBI7=1. The above-mentioned EBI5=1 indicates that the bearer indicated by EBI5 is in an activated state. The same applies to other matters and will not be repeated.

[0120] S6. LTE cell A sends the TAU request from LTE cell A to the LTE core network.

[0121] S7: The LTE core network obtains the UE context from the NR core network.

[0122] Among them, the above-mentioned LTE core network and NR core network can be different networks or different network elements in the same network, and the embodiments of this application do not specifically limit this.

[0123] In addition, the above context includes the bearers activated by the UE recorded by the NR core network. In actual operation scenarios, the activated bearers indicated by the above context may differ from the bearers indicated as activated in the TAU request. For example, the above context indicates that only the bearer corresponding to EBI6 exists, and the bearers corresponding to EBI5 and EBI7 do not exist. That is, the context indicates that the bearer corresponding to EBI6 in the UE is activated, and the bearers corresponding to EBI5 and EBI7 are not activated. Correspondingly, the process can enter S8.

[0124] S8, the LTE core network sends a TAU response (TAU accept) to LTE cell A.

[0125] Among them, the TAU response carries eps_bearer_context_status. The LTE core network can configure eps_bearer_context_status to EBI5=0, EBI6=1 and EBI7=0 according to the context from the NR core network. Among them, EBI5=0 indicates that the bearer corresponding to EBI5 is not activated, EBI7=0 indicates that the bearer corresponding to EBI7 is not activated, and EBI6=1 indicates that the bearer corresponding to EBI6 is activated.

[0126] S9, LTE cell A sends a TAU response (EBI5=0, EBI6=1 and EBI7=0) to the UE, indicating that the bearers corresponding to EBI5 and EBI7 do not exist on the network side.

[0127] The bearer corresponding to EBI5 refers to the logical transmission channel corresponding to QCI5, and the bearer corresponding to EBI7 refers to the logical transmission channel corresponding to QCI1.

[0128] S10: After the UE receives the TAU response, the call is dropped.

[0129] In some embodiments, the TAU response may indicate that an IMS bearer does not exist on the network side. Exemplarily, the IMS bearers include those corresponding to EBI5 and EBI7. If the bearer corresponding to EBI7 does not exist on the network side, the bearer used to transmit voice data (i.e., EBI7) is lost. In this scenario, a call may be silent. If the bearer corresponding to EBI5 does not exist on the network side, the bearer used to transmit SIP signaling (i.e., EBI5) is lost. In this scenario, a call may be dropped.

[0130] In other embodiments, when the TAU response received by LTE cell A is inconsistent with the TAU request from the UE, LTE cell A may not send a TAU response to the UE, or may send response information indicating rejection of the TAU request, causing the UE to drop the call.

[0131] S11, the UE requests the LTE core network to start a PDN connection process for the IMS through LTE cell A.

[0132] In some embodiments, the UE sends a PDN connectivity request (PDN connectivity request) for the IMS to the LTE core network through the LTE cell A.

[0133] S12, the LTE core network instructs the establishment of a data resource bearer (data RB, DRB) corresponding to QCI5 between the UE and LTE cell A.

[0134] In some embodiments, the LTE core network establishes a corresponding logical transmission channel between LTE cell A and the LTE core network in response to the above-mentioned PDN connectivity request. Then, the LTE core network can send a default EPS bearer context activation request Activate default EPS bearer context request to the UE through LTE cell A, instructing to establish a DRB corresponding to QCI5 between the UE and LTE cell A.

[0135] S13, LTE cell A sends RRC reconfiguration information to the UE, where the RRC reconfiguration information includes the EBI value corresponding to the DRB of QCI5.

[0136] For example, the EBI value allocated to the DRB of QCI is 5, and the RRC reconfiguration information includes the correspondence between QCI5 and EBI5.

[0137] Subsequently, when the UE responds to the user's operation and performs the call service again, it can create a bearer corresponding to QCI1.

[0138] It can be seen that during the process of UE transferring from NR to LTE, bearer loss may occur, resulting in abnormal communication services (such as call services or Internet services).

[0139] In addition, under the current operator's commercial network, if the UE switches from NR to LTE during a call, it cannot switch back from LTE to NR before the call ends.

[0140] For example, a user traveling on a high-speed train with a mobile phone (UE) has better NR coverage than LTE on most sections of the high-speed train route, meaning the 5G signal strength is higher than the 4G signal strength. However, on a few sections, NR coverage is worse than LTE coverage, meaning the 5G signal strength is lower than the 4G signal strength.

[0141] While traveling on a high-speed train, a mobile phone responds to user input and initiates a VONR call. During the VONR call, if the phone passes through a section of road with weak 5G signal strength, the phone's serving cell switches from the NR cell to the LTE cell. In other words, the call service performed by the phone switches from a VONR call to a VOLTE call. Subsequently, even if the phone enters a section of road with a stronger 5G signal than the 4G signal, it cannot switch back to NR until the call ends, affecting call quality.

[0142] To address the aforementioned issues, embodiments of the present application provide a method for call processing, applied to a UE. During UE operation, if a MR matching the B2 event is generated and the NR signal strength is detected to be good, the UE is suppressed from reporting the MR matching the B2 event, thereby reducing the probability of the UE transitioning from NR to LTE, avoiding call drops and affecting call quality.

[0143] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG4 , when a UE is located within the coverage of an NR cell B and an LTE cell A, and the UE accesses the NR cell B, that is, when the NR cell B is the serving cell of the UE, the above method may include:

[0144] S101, NR cell B sends RRC reconfiguration information to the UE, where the RRC reconfiguration information includes relevant information of the target measurement event (e.g., B2 event).

[0145] The target measurement event may include one or more of an A3 event, an A2 event, a B1 event, and a B2 event. In the following embodiments, the B2 event will be used as an example for description. The relevant information about the target measurement event includes the type of the target measurement event and the thresholds involved in the measurement event, such as threshold 1 and threshold 2 corresponding to the B2 event.

[0146] In addition, the RRC reconfiguration information may further include a neighboring cell frequency, and the neighboring cell frequency may indicate a frequency of a neighboring cell corresponding to the current serving cell.

[0147] In some embodiments, in the RRC reconfiguration information, a correspondence may exist between the neighboring cell frequency and the target measurement event. In other words, the neighboring cell of NR cell B (e.g., LTE cell A) may correspond to one or more types of target measurement events. For example, LTE cell A corresponds to event B2. In this way, after measuring LTE cell A and NR cell B, the UE needs to determine whether LTE cell A meets the B2 event. For details, please refer to S102 and S103 in subsequent embodiments.

[0148] S102: The UE measures target cells, including NR cell B and LTE cell A.

[0149] Among them, NR cell B is the serving cell, and LTE cell A is the neighboring cell of NR cell B. The neighboring cell frequency in the RRC reconfiguration information from NR cell B includes the frequency of LTE cell A.

[0150] In some embodiments, the implementation details of the above S102 may refer to S1 in the above embodiment and are not described here in detail. Through the above measurement, corresponding measurement results may be obtained, for example, the measurement results may include RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ and / or SINR corresponding to the target cell.

[0151] S103: The UE measures that LTE cell A meets the reporting conditions for event B2.

[0152] In the measurement results, if the RSRP of NR cell B is lower than the corresponding threshold value 1 and / or the RSRP of LTE cell A is higher than the corresponding threshold value 2, it indicates that the signal strength of NR cell B, where the UE is camped, has weakened and / or the signal strength of LTE cell A has strengthened. The UE can determine that the measurement shows that LTE cell A meets the reporting conditions for event B2. If it is determined that LTE cell A meets the reporting conditions for event B2, the process proceeds to S104.

[0153] If it is determined that LTE cell A does not meet the reporting conditions of event B2, the process ends and the UE continues to measure the target cell.

[0154] S104: The UE determines whether the signals of NR cell B and / or LTE cell A meet the preset conditions.

[0155] Different from the related art, after the UE determines that LTE cell A meets the B2 event, the UE needs to continue to determine whether the signals from NR cell B and / or LTE cell A meet the preset conditions.

[0156] The above-mentioned pre-condition is used to evaluate whether the current UE needs to switch the communication system. The above-mentioned switching of the communication system may refer to switching from an NR cell to an LTE cell. If the pre-condition is met, the process proceeds to S105. If the pre-condition is not met, the process proceeds to S106.

[0157] In some embodiments, the above-mentioned pre-conditions can be configured from the perspectives of whether the currently camped NR cell can support the normal operation of the UE, and whether the LTE neighboring cell is significantly better than the currently camped NR cell. Exemplarily, the above-mentioned pre-conditions may include one or more of the following:

[0158] 1) The signal strength or signal quality of NR cell B is greater than threshold 1.

[0159] 2) The target signal strength difference is less than or equal to the target threshold.

[0160] When the pre-conditions include one or more of the above, the order of judging the pre-conditions is not specifically limited. Taking the pre-conditions including the above two as an example, as shown in FIG5 , the above S104 may include the following steps S104-1 to S104-6:

[0161] S104-1, the UE determines whether the signal strength (or signal quality) of NR cell B is greater than threshold 1.

[0162] In some embodiments, the signal strength of NR cell B may refer to the RSRP of NR cell B measured by the UE. The above S104-1 may be the UE judging whether the RSRP of NR cell B is greater than threshold 1 (first threshold). The above threshold 1 may be an empirical value. When the signal strength of the UE's serving cell is less than or equal to threshold 1, the UE cannot perform various communication services (such as call services, Internet services, etc.) normally / with high quality through the serving cell. When the signal strength of the serving cell is greater than threshold 1, the UE can still perform various communication services normally through the serving cell.

[0163] In short, the above threshold 1 can be used to evaluate whether the serving cell can be used normally. Typically, the above threshold 1 is less than the threshold 1 configured for the serving cell. Of course, in some scenarios, there is also the possibility that the threshold 1 is greater than or equal to the threshold 1 configured for the serving cell, and this embodiment of the application does not specifically limit this.

[0164] In other embodiments, the signal quality of NR cell B may refer to an evaluation value obtained based on the RSRP, RSSI, RSRQ, and SINR of NR cell B measured by the UE. The above S104-1 may be the UE determining whether the above evaluation value is greater than threshold 1 (first threshold). It is understandable that threshold 1 for signal strength and threshold 1 for signal quality may be different values, and of course, both may be empirical values.

[0165] In the following embodiments, the description will be mainly based on comparing the signal strength of NR cell B with threshold 1. For example, if the signal strength of NR cell B is greater than threshold 1, the process proceeds to S104-2. If the signal strength of NR cell B is less than or equal to threshold 1, the process proceeds to S106.

[0166] S104-2, the UE obtains the target signal strength difference (d) between LTE cell A and NR cell B.

[0167] Exemplarily, the target signal strength difference may be the difference between the RSRP of LTE cell A and the RSRP of NR cell B, which may be denoted as d.

[0168] In some embodiments, when the signal strength of NR cell B is greater than threshold 1, the UE can subtract the RSRP of LTE cell A from the RSRP of NR cell B to obtain the corresponding target signal strength difference (d).

[0169] S104-3, the UE determines whether a call service is currently being executed.

[0170] If the UE is performing a call service, the process proceeds to S104-4. If the UE is not performing a call service, the process proceeds to S104-5.

[0171] S104-4, the UE determines the target threshold (Th) as threshold 2.

[0172] S104-5, the UE determines that the target threshold is threshold 3, where threshold 2 is greater than threshold 3.

[0173] The target threshold can be used to measure whether the UE currently needs to switch from NR to LTE. It is understood that the higher the target threshold, the higher the requirement for switching from NR to LTE. The lower the target threshold, the lower the requirement for switching from NR to LTE. In the embodiments of the present application, the target threshold can be a dynamic value, and the target threshold value can be assigned differently in different application scenarios.

[0174] For example, the target threshold values ​​are assigned differently in call scenarios and non-call scenarios. That is, threshold 2 (the second threshold) and threshold 3 (the third threshold) can also be different empirical values. In this way, during call services, the UE increases the requirement to switch from NR to LTE to avoid call drops. Of course, during non-call services, the target threshold value can also be assigned a value of threshold 3 to reduce the probability of the UE switching from NR to LTE, avoiding unnecessary handovers.

[0175] After the UE executes S104 - 4 or S104 - 5 , the process proceeds to S104 - 6 .

[0176] S104-6, the UE determines whether the target signal strength difference (d) is greater than the target threshold (Th).

[0177] In some embodiments, the UE determines whether the conditions for switching from NR to LTE are met by comparing the target signal strength difference with the target threshold.

[0178] When the signal quality of LTE cell A is significantly better than that of NR cell B, that is, when the target signal strength difference is greater than the target threshold, it is determined that the UE can switch from NR to LTE, and the process enters S106. When the signal quality of LTE cell A is not significantly better than that of NR cell B, that is, when the target signal strength difference is less than or equal to the target threshold, it is determined that the UE does not need to switch from NR to LTE, and the process enters S105.

[0179] Understandably, the target thresholds vary in different application scenarios. Therefore, in a call scenario, the difference between the signal quality of LTE cell A and the signal quality of NR cell B is greater than in a non-call scenario, which is why the UE needs to switch from NR to LTE.

[0180] In this way, the UE can ensure that the probability of switching from VONR to VOLTE is reduced during the execution of a VONR call. In other words, it avoids the following situation: after the UE's ongoing call service drops from VONR to VOLTE, because the current network does not support switching from VOLTE to VONR, the subsequent call service can only be carried out on LTE and cannot enjoy the good sound quality of VONR calls. In addition, in the process of VONR dropping to VOLTE, the UE is also at risk of dropped calls. Therefore, this embodiment can improve the quality of call services and reduce the call drop rate.

[0181] In addition, the above S104-1 to S104-6 are an example of the UE evaluating whether the signal of NR cell B and / or LTE cell A meets the preset conditions. As shown in S104-1 to S104-6, when the signal strength (or signal quality) of NR cell B is greater than threshold 1 and the target signal strength difference (d) is less than or equal to the target threshold, it is determined that the preset conditions are met and the process enters S105. When the signal strength (or signal quality) of NR cell B is not greater than threshold 1, or the target signal strength difference (d) is greater than the target threshold, it is determined that the preset conditions are not met and the process enters S106.

[0182] S105: The UE does not report the B2 event to the MR.

[0183] In some embodiments, when the signals of NR cell B and / or LTE cell A meet preset conditions, for example, as shown in FIG5 , when the signal strength (signal quality) of NR cell B is greater than threshold 1 and the target signal strength difference (d) is less than or equal to the target threshold (Th), it indicates that the current NR cell B signal can support the UE to perform communication services normally. At the same time, the signal of LTE cell A is not significantly better than that of NR cell B. In other words, there is no need to switch to LTE cell A at present. Accordingly, the UE may not report the MR of the B2 event, and the process ends.

[0184] For example, the UE may suppress generating the corresponding MR for the B2 event to avoid reporting the B2 event MR. For another example, the UE may suppress reporting the B2 event MR to the NR cell B to avoid reporting the B2 event MR.

[0185] S106. The UE reports the MR of the B2 event to the NR cell B. The MR indicates that the LTE cell A meets the reporting conditions of the B2 event.

[0186] In some embodiments, when the signals of NR cell B and / or LTE cell A do not meet the preset conditions, the UE may generate an MR for event B2 and report the MR to NR cell B. The MR for event B2 records that the RSRP of NR cell B is lower than threshold 1 and / or the RSRP of LTE cell A is higher than threshold 2. The MR may trigger NR cell B to instruct the UE to transfer to LTE cell A. For details, see S107.

[0187] For example, as shown in Figure 5, when the signal strength (signal quality) of NR cell B is less than or equal to threshold 1, it indicates that the current signal of NR cell B cannot support the UE to perform communication services normally. The UE can generate an MR for the B2 event and report the MR to NR cell B.

[0188] For another example, as shown in Figure 5, when the signal strength (signal quality) of NR cell B is greater than threshold 1, and the target signal strength difference between LTE cell A and NR cell B is greater than the target threshold, it indicates that the signal of LTE cell A is significantly better than that of NR cell B, and transferring to LTE cell A can ensure the communication quality. The UE can generate an MR for the B2 event and report the MR to NR cell B. It can be understood that the above S105 and S106 are two mutually exclusive steps. After the UE determines whether the signal of NR cell B and / or LTE cell A meets the preset conditions, it either executes S105 or executes S106. After executing S105, the process ends, and after executing S106, the process enters S107.

[0189] S107, NR cell B instructs the UE to switch to LTE cell A based on the MR of event B2.

[0190] For example, NR cell B can send switching indication information to the UE.

[0191] S108 , the UE accesses the LTE cell A through random access (Rach) and establishes a Radio Resource Control (RRC) connection with the LTE cell A.

[0192] S109: After the RRC connection is established, the UE sends a tracking area update (TAU) request to the LTE cell A, requesting to execute the TAU process.

[0193] The implementation details of the above S107 to S109 can be referred to S3 to S6 in the above embodiment, which will not be described in detail here.

[0194] For example, consider phone 1 and phone 2, both of which use the above method. Phone 1 is in a call, while phone 2 is not. Phone 1 and phone 2 are located in the same location, both can detect NR cell B and LTE cell A, and both reside in NR cell B. Furthermore, for the B2 event configured in NR cell B, the serving cell corresponds to threshold 1, while the heterogeneous neighboring cell corresponds to threshold 2.

[0195] In one exemplary scenario, the RSRP of NR cell B scanned by mobile phone 1 and mobile phone 2 is less than threshold value 1 and greater than threshold value 1. When the difference between the RSRP of LTE cell A and the RSRP of NR cell B is less than or equal to threshold value 3, mobile phone 1 and mobile phone 2 continue to stay in NR cell B.

[0196] In the second exemplary scenario, the RSRP of NR cell B scanned by both mobile phone 1 and mobile phone 2 is less than threshold value 1 and greater than threshold value 1. When the difference between the RSRP of LTE cell A and the RSRP of NR cell B is greater than threshold value 3 and less than or equal to threshold value 2, mobile phone 2 is transferred from NR cell B to LTE cell A, and mobile phone 1 continues to reside in NR cell B.

[0197] In the third exemplary scenario, the RSRP of NR cell B scanned by mobile phone 1 and mobile phone 2 is less than threshold value 1 and greater than threshold value 1. When the difference between the RSRP of LTE cell A and the RSRP of NR cell B is greater than threshold value 2, mobile phone 1 and mobile phone 2 are both transferred from NR cell B to LTE cell A.

[0198] In other embodiments, multiple groups of threshold 1, threshold 2, and threshold 3 may be configured in the UE. While the UE resides in the NR cell, different thresholds 1, threshold 2, and threshold 3 may be dynamically adopted to evaluate whether it is necessary to transfer from NR to LTE.

[0199] In some embodiments, the UE may pre-configure thresholds 1, 2, and 3 corresponding to different scenarios. The scenarios may include geographical scenarios (e.g., road sections) and cell scenarios (e.g., serving cells and neighboring cells with different configurations).

[0200] Exemplarily, the UE may be configured with threshold 1, threshold 2, and threshold 3 corresponding to different high-speed rail sections. For example, the NR coverage effect is better than the LTE coverage effect on the high-speed rail section 1 from place A to place B, and the LTE coverage effect is better than the NR coverage effect on the high-speed rail section 2 from place B to place C. The "threshold 1, threshold 2, and threshold 3" corresponding to the high-speed rail section 1 pre-configured in the UE are different from the "threshold 1, threshold 2, and threshold 3" corresponding to the high-speed rail section 2. For example, the threshold 1 corresponding to the high-speed rail section 1 is lower than the threshold 1 corresponding to the high-speed rail section 2, the threshold 2 corresponding to the high-speed rail section 1 is higher than the threshold 2 corresponding to the high-speed rail section 2, and / or the threshold 3 corresponding to the high-speed rail section 1 is higher than the threshold 3 corresponding to the high-speed rail section 2.

[0201] Exemplarily, NR cells of different frequency bands and LTE cells of different bands may be configured in the UE, corresponding to thresholds 1, 2, and 3.

[0202] Exemplarily, the UE may be configured with threshold 1, threshold 2, and threshold 3 corresponding to different duplex modes.

[0203] For example, the UE is configured with thresholds 1, 2, and 3 corresponding to time division duplexing (TDD); and the UE is also configured with thresholds 1, 2, and 3 corresponding to frequency division duplexing (FDD). The multiple sets of thresholds 1, 2, and 3 listed above may be different.

[0204] In other possible examples, the UE is also configured with different high-speed rail sections, NR cell bands, LTE cell bands and / or UE duplex modes, and the corresponding thresholds 1, 2 and 3.

[0205] In this way, the UE can determine the required configured thresholds 1, 2, and 3 based on the scenarios identified in real time. Then, based on the determined thresholds 1, 2, and 3, it evaluates whether to transfer from the NR cell to the LTE cell.

[0206] As shown in Figure 6, the UE includes an application processor (AP) and a modem processor (Modem). When the UE is within the coverage of NR cell B and LTE cell A, and the UE accesses NR cell B, that is, when NR cell B is the serving cell of the UE, the above method may further include:

[0207] S201: The AP determines threshold 1, threshold 2, and threshold 3 that match the current scenario.

[0208] In some embodiments, the AP can obtain the UE's current location information, the user's travel information, the UE's operating status, the band corresponding to the NR cell B, the band corresponding to the LTE cell A and / or the duplex mode corresponding to the UE.

[0209] Then, based on the location information, the user's travel information, the UE's operating status, the band corresponding to the NR cell B, the band corresponding to the LTE cell A and / or the duplex mode corresponding to the UE, find the matching threshold 1, threshold 2 and threshold 3.

[0210] For example, when the current location obtained is within the geographic fence of the high-speed rail station or high-speed rail section, and the travel information contains high-speed rail-related content (for example, a high-speed rail ticket that has not expired), the UE searches for threshold 1, threshold 2 and threshold 3 corresponding to the high-speed rail section, and the process enters S202.

[0211] As another example, when the current location obtained is within the geographic fence of the high-speed railway station or high-speed railway section, and the operating status indicates that the UE is in a high-speed moving state, the UE searches for threshold 1, threshold 2 and threshold 3 corresponding to the high-speed railway section, and the process enters S202.

[0212] As another example, based on the band corresponding to NR cell B and the band corresponding to LTE cell A, matching thresholds 1, 2, and 3 are found, and the process enters S202.

[0213] As another example, based on the duplex mode corresponding to the UE, matching thresholds 1, 2, and 3 are found, and the process proceeds to S202.

[0214] As another example, based on the high-speed railway section corresponding to the current location, the band of the NR cell, the band of the LTE cell and / or the duplex mode corresponding to the UE, matching thresholds 1, 2 and 3 are found, and the process enters S202.

[0215] S202: The AP configures threshold 1, threshold 2, and threshold 3 in the modem.

[0216] In some embodiments, the AP may periodically execute S201 above, and the process proceeds to S202 each time a set of threshold 1, threshold 2, and threshold 3 is determined. If no matching threshold 1, threshold 2, and threshold 3 is determined, S201 is continued.

[0217] S203, NR cell B sends RRC reconfiguration information to Modem, where the RRC reconfiguration information includes relevant information of the target measurement event (e.g., event B2).

[0218] In some embodiments, there is no necessary order between S203 and S201. The UE's AP dynamically determines, through S201 and S202, thresholds 1, 2, and 3 adapted to the current scenario and configures them in the modem. The modem may execute subsequent steps based on the most recently received thresholds 1, 2, and 3.

[0219] In another embodiment, the AP may not be required to execute steps S201-202, and threshold 1, threshold 2, and threshold 3 may be pre-configured in the modem, so that the entire method flow of this embodiment may be executed entirely by the modem.

[0220] In step S204, the modem detects target cells, including NR cell B and LTE cell A.

[0221] S205 , the modem measures and finds that LTE cell A meets the reporting conditions corresponding to event B2.

[0222] The implementation details of the above S203 to S205 may refer to S101 to S103 in the above embodiment.

[0223] S206, the modem determines whether the signal strength of NR cell B is greater than threshold 1.

[0224] When the signal strength of NR cell B is greater than threshold 1, the process proceeds to S207. When the signal strength of NR cell B is less than or equal to threshold 1, the process proceeds to S213.

[0225] S207: The modem obtains the target signal strength difference (d) between LTE cell A and NR cell B.

[0226] Exemplarily, when the modem determines that the signal strength of NR cell B is greater than threshold 1, the RSRP of LTE cell A is subtracted from the RSRP of NR cell B to obtain the corresponding target signal strength difference (d).

[0227] S208: The modem determines whether a call service is currently being executed.

[0228] If the call service is being executed, the process proceeds to S209. If the call service is not being executed, the process proceeds to S210.

[0229] S209: The modem determines the target threshold (Th) as threshold 2.

[0230] S210 , the modem determines that the target threshold is threshold 3.

[0231] After the modem executes S209 or S210, the process proceeds to S211. Specifically, if a call service is in progress, the modem executes S209. After S209, the process skips S210 and proceeds to S211. If a call service is not in progress, the modem skips S209 and executes S210. After S210, the process proceeds to S211.

[0232] S211, the modem determines whether the target signal strength difference (d) is greater than a target threshold (Th).

[0233] If the target signal strength difference (d) is greater than the target threshold (Th), the process proceeds to S213. If the target signal strength difference (d) is less than or equal to the target threshold (Th), the process proceeds to S212.

[0234] In some embodiments, the above S206 to S211 are an example of the UE evaluating whether the signal of NR cell B and / or LTE cell A meets the preset conditions, which is not a specific limitation. In addition, for implementation details, please refer to S104 of the aforementioned embodiment.

[0235] S212: The modem does not report the B2 event to the MR.

[0236] In some embodiments, when the signal strength of NR cell B is greater than threshold 1 and the target signal strength difference (d) is less than or equal to the target threshold (Th), the MR of the B2 event is not reported to avoid triggering NR cell B to instruct the UE to transfer to LTE cell A, and the process ends.

[0237] S213, the modem reports the MR of the B2 event to the NR cell B, and the MR indicates that the LTE cell A meets the reporting conditions of the B2 event.

[0238] Among them, the reported MR records that the RSRP of NR cell B is lower than threshold 1 (first threshold) and / or the RSRP of LTE cell A is higher than threshold 2 (second threshold), which can trigger NR cell B to instruct the UE to transfer to LTE cell A. The above S212 and S213 are two mutually exclusive steps. After the Modem determines whether the preset conditions are met, it either executes S212 or S213.

[0239] In some embodiments, when the signal strength of NR cell B is less than or equal to threshold 1, the modem reports the MR of the B2 event to NR cell B.

[0240] In other embodiments, when the signal strength of NR cell B is greater than threshold 1 and the target signal strength difference (d) is greater than the target threshold (Th), the modem may also report the MR of the B2 event to NR cell B.

[0241] S214, NR cell B instructs the UE to switch from NR cell B to LTE cell A based on the MR of event B2.

[0242] S215 , the modem accesses the LTE cell A through random access (Rach) and establishes a radio resource control (RRC) connection with the LTE cell A.

[0243] S216: After the RRC connection is established, the modem sends a tracking area update (TAU) request to the LTE cell A, requesting to execute the TAU process.

[0244] In some embodiments, the implementation details of the above S212 to S216 may refer to S105 to S109 in the above embodiments.

[0245] In other possible embodiments, after the UE determines that the LTE cell meets the reporting conditions corresponding to the target measurement event, it may continue to determine whether the RSRP of the current serving cell is greater than threshold 1. If the RSRP of the serving cell is greater than threshold 1, the MR of the target measurement event is suppressed. If the RSRP of the serving cell is less than or equal to threshold 1, the MR of the target measurement event is reported to the serving cell.

[0246] In other possible embodiments, after determining that the LTE cell meets the reporting conditions corresponding to the target measurement event, the UE may further obtain the corresponding target signal strength difference (d), and when the target signal strength difference (d) is less than or equal to the current target threshold, suppress the MR of the target measurement event. When the target signal strength difference (d) is greater than the current target threshold, report the MR of the target measurement event to the serving cell.

[0247] For example, consider a user traveling on a high-speed train with their phone. The itinerary information indicates that the train will pass through sections 1 and 2, respectively. NR coverage is better on section 1 than LTE, while LTE coverage is better on section 2 than NR. Therefore, a VONR call on the phone is more likely to be switched to a VOLTE call during the journey through section 2 than during the journey through section 1.

[0248] In some embodiments, when the UE determines that the first condition is currently met, it may also report a measurement report corresponding to event B to cell A. The first condition may be that cell A meets the reporting condition for event B, and the signal value of cell B is less than or equal to the first threshold.

[0249] When the UE determines that the second and third conditions are currently met, it may also report a measurement report corresponding to event B to cell A. The second condition may be that cell A meets the reporting condition for event B, and the signal value of cell B is greater than the threshold 1. The third condition may be that the UE is currently in a call service, and the difference between the signal value of cell A and the signal value of cell B is greater than the second threshold, or that the UE is not currently in a call service, and the difference between the signal value of cell A and the signal value of cell B is greater than the third threshold.

[0250] When the UE determines that the second condition is currently met but the third condition is not met, the UE suppresses reporting the measurement report of event B to the network side.

[0251] In some embodiments, FIG7 illustrates a hardware structure of a UE. As shown in FIG7 , the UE may include a processor, an external memory interface, an internal memory, a Universal Serial Bus (USB) interface, a charging management module, a power management module, a battery, antenna 1, antenna 2, a mobile communication module, a wireless communication module, a sensor module, buttons, a motor, an indicator, a camera, a display, and a SIM card slot. The audio module may include a speaker, a receiver, a microphone, an earphone interface, and the like. The sensor module may include a pressure sensor, a gyroscope sensor, an air pressure sensor, a magnetic sensor, an acceleration sensor, a distance sensor, a proximity light sensor, a fingerprint sensor, a temperature sensor, a touch sensor, an ambient light sensor, a bone conduction sensor, and the like.

[0252] It should be understood that the structures illustrated in the embodiments of the present application do not constitute a specific limitation on the UE. In other embodiments, the UE may include more or fewer components than shown, or some components may be combined or separated, or arranged differently. The illustrated components may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination of software and hardware.

[0253] The processor may include one or more processing units, for example, the processor may include an application processor (AP), a modem processor (Modem, also known as a baseband processor), a graphics processor (GPU), an image signal processor (ISP), a controller, a video codec, a digital signal processor (DSP), and / or a neural network processor (NPU). Different processing units may be independent devices or integrated into one or more processors. The processor is the nerve center and command center of the UE. The controller may generate operation control signals based on instruction opcodes and timing signals to complete the control of instruction fetching and execution.

[0254] The wireless communication function of the UE can be implemented through antenna 1, antenna 2, a mobile communication module, a wireless communication module, and a modem. In some embodiments, antenna 1 of the UE is coupled to the mobile communication module, and antenna 2 is coupled to the wireless communication module, so that the UE can communicate with network-side devices and other terminals through wireless communication technology.

[0255] In addition, an operating system runs on the above components, which can be an Android open source operating system, a Windows operating system, or other possible operating systems.

[0256] The UE's operating system can adopt a layered architecture, an event-driven architecture, a microkernel architecture, a microservice architecture, or a cloud architecture. The embodiments of this application use the Android system with a layered architecture as an example to illustrate the software and hardware structure of the UE. It should be noted that although the embodiments of this application use the Android system as an example, the basic principles are also applicable to UEs based on other operating systems.

[0257] Figure 8 is a block diagram of the UE's software architecture. The software structure adopts a layered architecture, which divides the software into several layers, each with clear roles and divisions of labor. Layers communicate with each other through software interfaces. Taking the Android system running on an AP as an example, in some embodiments, the Android system is divided into five layers: from top to bottom, the application layer, the application framework layer (Framework), the Android runtime (Android runtime) and system libraries, the hardware abstraction layer (HAL), and the system kernel layer (Kernel).

[0258] The application layer can include a series of application packages. These packages may include apps such as camera, gallery, calendar, call, map, WLAN, Bluetooth, music, video, and short messaging. The application layer may also include the system UI, which is used to display the UE interface, such as the signal icon corresponding to the SIM card and the call interface. The application framework layer provides the application programming interface (API) and programming framework for applications in the application layer. The application framework layer includes some predefined functions. For example, the application framework layer may include a window manager, content provider, view system, telephony manager, resource manager, and notification manager. The telephony manager provides UE call functions, such as call status management (including connecting and ending calls). The telephony manager is represented by the telephony in Figure 8. The application framework layer may also include the radio interface layer (RIL), through which the modem processor (modem) can exchange information with the telephony.

[0259] The system libraries mentioned above may include a surface manager, a 3D image processing library, a 2D graphics engine, a media library, etc. The HAL layer may include a display HAL, a camera HAL, an audio HAL, and a sensor HAL, etc. The kernel layer may include a display driver, a camera driver, an audio driver, and a sensor driver, etc.

[0260] The modem can include the NAS (Non-Access Stratum) layer, the RRC (Radio Resource Control) layer, the Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, the Radio Link Control (RLC) layer, the Medium Access Control (MAC) layer, and the Physical (PHY) layer. Each of these layers can be a software module. The modem interacts with the base station through an antenna.

[0261] In addition, some embodiments of the present application provide an electronic device, which includes: one or more processors and a memory; the memory is used to store computer program code, and the computer program code includes computer instructions. When the one or more processors execute the computer instructions, the electronic device executes the above method.

[0262] Some embodiments of the present application provide a chip system, applied to a terminal, comprising at least one processor and an interface, the interface being configured to receive instructions and transmit them to the at least one processor; the at least one processor executing the instructions causes the terminal to execute the aforementioned method. The chip system may be a modem, and the aforementioned method may be implemented by a modem. In other embodiments, the chip system may be a system on chip (SoC) comprising a modem and an access point (AP), and the aforementioned method may be implemented by the AP and the modem.

[0263] In some embodiments, through the description of the above embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that for the convenience and brevity of description, only the division of the above functional modules is used as an example. In actual applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the internal structure of the device can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. The specific working process of the system, device and unit described above can refer to the corresponding process in the aforementioned method embodiment and will not be repeated here.

[0264] The functional units in the various embodiments of the present application may be integrated into a single processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into a single unit. The aforementioned integrated units may be implemented in the form of hardware or software functional units.

[0265] If the integrated unit is implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as an independent product, it can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present application is essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art or all or part of the technical solution can be embodied in the form of a software product, and the computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including a number of instructions for enabling a computer device (which can be a personal computer, a server, or a network device, etc.) or a processor to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present application. The aforementioned storage medium includes: various media that can store program codes, such as flash memory, mobile hard disk, read-only memory, random access memory, magnetic disk or optical disk.

[0266] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. A method for a call, characterized in that, The method includes: The UE receives RRC reconfiguration information from a first network device, where the RRC reconfiguration information includes reporting conditions corresponding to a target measurement event, and the reporting conditions are conditions that the signal strength of a first signal and / or a second signal need to meet; the first signal is a radio signal sent by the first network device of a first network mode, and the second signal is a radio signal sent by a second network device of a second network mode, where the first network mode is higher than the second network mode; When the first signal and / or the second signal detected by the UE meet the reporting conditions and meet a preset condition, the UE suppresses reporting a measurement report of the target measurement event to the first network device; Wherein, the preset condition includes one or more of the following: The signal strength of the first signal is greater than a first threshold; The target signal strength difference is less than or equal to a target threshold; the target signal strength difference is the difference between the signal strength of the second signal and the signal strength of the first signal.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein When the UE is performing a call service, the target threshold is a second threshold; When the UE is not performing a call service, the target threshold is a third threshold; the second threshold is greater than the third threshold.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The method further includes: When the first signal and / or the second signal detected by the UE meet the reporting conditions and do not meet the preset condition, the UE reports a measurement report of the target measurement event to the first network device; In response to the handover indication information of the first network device, the UE switches from the first network device of the first network mode to the second network device of the second network mode.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that, The first network mode is NR, and the second network mode is LTE.

5. The method according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that, The method further includes one or more of the following: The value of the first threshold is related to one or more of the following: the current location information of the UE, the trip information configured in the UE, the motion state of the UE, the frequency band of the first network device, the frequency band of the second network device, or the duplex mode enabled by the UE; The value of the second threshold is related to one or more of the following: the current location information of the UE, the trip information configured in the UE, the motion state of the UE, the frequency band of the first network device, the frequency band of the second network device, or the duplex mode enabled by the UE; The value of the third threshold is related to one or more of the following: the current location information of the UE, the trip information configured in the UE, the motion state of the UE, the frequency band of the first network device, the frequency band of the second network device, or the duplex mode enabled by the UE.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1-5, characterized in that, The target measurement event is event B.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The target measurement event is event B2, and the reporting conditions include: The detected signal strength of the first signal is less than a first threshold value, and the detected signal strength of the second signal is greater than a second threshold value; the first threshold value is greater than the first threshold.

8. A method for a call, characterized in that, The method includes: The UE camps on cell B of the first network mode; The UE receives an RRC reconfiguration message sent by the network side, and the reporting condition of event B is configured in the RRC reconfiguration message; When the first condition is satisfied, the UE reports a measurement report of event B to the network side, where the first condition includes: the cell A of the second network mode satisfies the reporting condition of event B, and the signal value of cell B is less than or equal to the first threshold; where the first network mode is higher than the second network mode; When the second condition and the third condition are satisfied, the UE reports a measurement report of event B to the network side; When the second condition is satisfied but the third condition is not satisfied, the UE suppresses reporting a measurement report of event B to the network side; where the second condition includes: cell A satisfies the reporting condition of event B, and the signal value of cell B is greater than the threshold 1; The third condition includes: the UE is currently in a call service, and the difference between the signal value of cell A and the signal value of cell B is greater than the second threshold, or, the UE is not currently in a call service, and the difference between the signal value of cell A and the signal value of cell B is greater than the third threshold, where the second threshold is greater than the third threshold.

9. An electronic device, characterized in that, Comprising: a processor and a memory; The memory stores computer execution instructions; The processor executes the computer execution instructions stored in the memory, so that the electronic device executes the method according to any one of claims 1-8.

10. A chip system, characterized in that, Comprising at least one processor and a communication interface, the communication interface and the at least one processor are interconnected by a line, and the at least one processor is used to run a computer program or instruction to execute the method according to any one of claims 1-8.

Images