Cuttage and cultivation optimization method for traditional Chinese medicinal materials

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, and discloses a traditional Chinese medicinal material cuttage and cultivation optimization method, the method is suitable for cuttage and cultivation of roughhaired holly, murraya paniculata, erythropalum scandens and abelia bipinnata, the proper traditional Chinese medicinal materials are selected for splicing and disinfection treatment firstly, then proper soil is selected according to different traditional Chinese medicinal material requirements, and the cuttage and cultivation optimization method is applied to cuttage and cultivation of the traditional Chinese medicinal materials. The method comprises the following steps: performing deep refurbishment, solarization, improvement and cuttage time selection, keeping soil moist after cuttage, performing fertilization management under different conditions in an initial cuttage stage, a growth stage, a flowering stage and a fruiting stage, avoiding fertilization time during irrigation, setting irrigation amount according to the growth stage and soil moisture content, and trapping pests by using light. When the pest density reaches a prevention and control index, pesticide prevention and control are adopted, a planting file is established according to the cultivation process, and the operation time, content, fertilization amount, irrigation amount, pest and disease damage conditions and prevention and control measures of each stage are recorded; finally, planting management measures are adjusted according to a data analysis result, so that the cultivation process is optimized.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the field of agricultural technology, in particular to a cutting and cultivation optimization method of traditional Chinese medicinal materials. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the process of cutting and cultivation of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, the traditional planting method has many shortcomings, which seriously affects the growth quality and yield of traditional Chinese medicinal materials. First of all, the soil treatment link often lacks scientificity, only simple ploughing is carried out, without deep renovation, sun exposure disinfection or precise pH value adjustment, resulting in poor soil structure, residual pathogenic bacteria and pest eggs, affecting root growth and nutrient absorption, and thus reducing the rooting rate and plant height and increasing the incidence of diseases and pests.

[0003] Secondly, the cutting operation usually does not fully consider the characteristics and climate conditions of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and the cutting time, plant spacing, insertion depth and humidity control are not reasonable, resulting in low rooting rate of cuttings, poor plant growth and weak disease and pest resistance.

[0004] In addition, the fertilization and irrigation management is also relatively extensive, and the fertilization and reasonable irrigation according to the needs of different growth stages of traditional Chinese medicinal materials are not carried out, resulting in unbalanced nutrition of plants, slow growth and poor disease resistance, and finally affecting the yield and quality of traditional Chinese medicinal materials.

[0005] Therefore, a scientific and systematic cutting and cultivation optimization method of traditional Chinese medicinal materials is needed to solve the above problems and improve the growth quality and yield of traditional Chinese medicinal materials. SUMMARY

[0006] (I) Technical problems solved

[0007] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the present application provides a cutting and cultivation optimization method of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, which has the advantages of scientific system, precise control and comprehensive prevention and treatment, and solves the problems of unscientific soil treatment, extensive cutting operation, unreasonable fertilization and irrigation and poor disease and pest control effect in the traditional planting method.

[0008] (II) Technical scheme

[0009] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical scheme: a cutting and cultivation optimization method of traditional Chinese medicinal materials, comprising the following steps:

[0010] Step 1, selection of traditional Chinese medicinal materials cutting and sterile treatment: selecting Gangmei, Qianlixiang, Chiangtong and Erfiliudao as traditional Chinese medicinal materials for cutting, and cutting the stems, leaves or roots of traditional Chinese medicinal materials according to the requirements of traditional Chinese medicinal materials for pretreatment and disinfection treatment;

[0011] Step 2, soil treatment: selecting appropriate soil according to different traditional Chinese medicinal materials, and carrying out different degree of deep renovation, sun exposure and soil improvement treatment on the soil;

[0012] Step three, cutting: cutting time: choose the cutting time according to the growth characteristics of different Chinese herbal medicines and local climate conditions, keep the soil moist after cutting;

[0013] Step four, fertilization management: different fertilization conditions are carried out at the initial stage of cutting, growth period, flowering period and fruiting period of pruning;

[0014] Step five, irrigation management: irrigation is avoided after fertilization, and the irrigation amount is set according to the growth stage of Chinese herbal medicines and soil moisture content;

[0015] Step six, pest management: use light to trap pests, and use pest monitoring points to monitor pest species and density. When the pest density reaches the control index, timely pesticide control measures are taken;

[0016] Step seven, implementation management: for Gangmei, Qianlixiang, Chiangtong and Erfiliuliang, their respective planting archives are established, and the operation time, operation content, fertilization amount, irrigation amount, disease and pest occurrence and control measures of the above Chinese herbal medicines at each stage are recorded, and the problems and lessons learned in the planting process are analyzed;

[0017] Step eight, cultivation optimization: timely adjustment of planting management measures according to data analysis results.

[0018] Preferably, the selection of pruning in step one: select healthy, disease-free and good quality mother plants, prune in the morning 5-7 o'clock or evening 17-19 o'clock, cut the upper part flat, and cut the lower part obliquely.

[0019] Preferably, the pruning pretreatment in step one: immediately rinse the cut stems, leaves or roots with sterile water for 2-5 times.

[0020] Preferably, the disinfection treatment of pruning in step one: put the cleaned cutting into 60-75% medical alcohol for 30 seconds-1 minute; or soak in 0.05-1% sodium hypochlorite solution for 5-8 minutes; or soak in 0.1-0.2% potassium permanganate solution for 10-12 minutes, or soak in 50-55% carbendazim wettable powder 800-1000 times liquid for 15-25 minutes, and then rinse with sterile water for 3-5 times.

[0021] Preferably, the soil treatment pretreatment process in step two:

[0022] S2.1, site selection: choose a site with sufficient sunlight, good drainage and ventilation;

[0023] S2.2, plowing depth: plow the land to a depth of 40-50 cm, and remove stones and weed roots;

[0024] S2.3, disinfection by exposure to sunlight: after ploughing, cover the surface of the land with black film, and expose the soil covered with film to sunlight for 7-30 days;

[0025] S2.4, soil improvement treatment: apply 1000-2000 kg / mu of fully decomposed organic fertilizer at a depth of 40-45 cm of the soil as base fertilizer, uniformly mix into the soil, and mix in lime or sulfur powder to adjust the pH value of the soil to 6.0-7.0.

[0026] Preferably, the cutting process in step three is:

[0027] S3.1, cutting time: select appropriate cutting time according to the growth characteristics of different traditional Chinese medicinal materials and local climate conditions;

[0028] S3.2, cutting: after soil improvement treatment, cut the branches into the soil at a plant spacing of 10-20 cm and a row spacing of 20-35 cm, with a depth of 1 / 3-1 / 2 of the length of the cut branches;

[0029] S3.3, post-cutting treatment: press the surrounding soil by hand after cutting to make the cut branches closely contact with the soil, and pour water thoroughly to keep the soil humidity between 55-65%.

[0030] Preferably, the fertilization management process in step four is:

[0031] S4.1, initial fertilization: 7-14 days after cutting, add plant growth regulators to the water, control the concentration at 40-80 mg / L, and spray urea solution with a concentration of 0.1%-0.2% every 7-9 days;

[0032] S4.2, growth period fertilization: increase the amount of nitrogen fertilizer after stable rooting to the present bud / blossom stage, and apply urea 8-13 kg per mu, while applying 3-8 kg of phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer;

[0033] S4.3, flowering period fertilization: increase the application of phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer after the present bud / blossom stage to the harvesting stage, and apply 15-16 kg per mu;

[0034] S4.4, fruiting period fertilization: supplement trace element fertilizer after fruiting, and spray 0.2%-0.25% borax solution and 0.03%-0.05% zinc sulfate solution on the leaves.

[0035] Preferably, the irrigation management process in step five is:

[0036] S5.1, irrigate after 2-6 hours of fertilization to avoid immediate loss of fertilizer;

[0037] S5.2, keep the soil moist during cutting, and control the soil moisture content at 55%-70%, and irrigate every other day;

[0038] S5.3 During the growing season, the soil moisture content should be maintained at 65%-80%, and watering should be done every 4 to 5 days.

[0039] S5.4. During the flowering and fruiting periods, reduce irrigation and maintain soil moisture content at 50%-65%.

[0040] Preferably, in step six, light trapping involves installing a frequency-vibration insecticidal lamp every 20-45 meters in the medicinal herb planting area, and setting up a pest monitoring point every 5-10 meters in the planting area to monitor the types, quantities, and occurrence dynamics of pests in real time. When the pest density reaches the control threshold, pesticides are promptly applied for control.

[0041] Preferably, the pesticide control method involves using targeted, low-toxicity, and low-residue pesticides when pests cannot be controlled.

[0042] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides an optimized method for the cutting and cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials, which has the following beneficial effects:

[0043] 1. This invention achieves beneficial effects such as improving soil structure and killing harmful organisms by carrying out deep tillage, sun exposure and disinfection, and precise pH adjustment in the soil treatment process. The good soil structure and suitable pH value create a good environment for the root growth and nutrient absorption of Chinese medicinal materials. Sun exposure and disinfection effectively kill pathogens and pest eggs in the soil, thereby improving the rooting rate and plant height of Chinese medicinal materials and reducing the incidence of diseases and pests, resulting in better overall growth performance.

[0044] 2. This invention achieves the beneficial effect of providing suitable conditions for the rooting and growth of cuttings by scientifically determining the cutting time, setting reasonable plant spacing and insertion depth based on the characteristics of Chinese medicinal materials and climate, and strictly controlling humidity. Among them, the scientific cutting time and appropriate plant spacing effectively improve the rooting success rate of Chinese medicinal materials, the reasonable insertion depth promotes the healthy growth of plants, and the strict control of humidity enhances the plant's resistance to diseases and pests.

[0045] 3. This invention achieves the beneficial effect of providing comprehensive nutrition to Chinese medicinal herbs by using multiple fertilizers applied in stages to meet the needs of different growth stages and by rationally arranging irrigation according to the fertilization time and growth stage. In particular, the staged fertilization ensures the nutritional needs of the plants at different growth stages, and the rational arrangement of irrigation ensures water supply and avoids fertilizer loss, thereby promoting the robust growth of the plants. The chemical control, scientific fertilization and irrigation management further enhance the disease resistance of the plants, and ultimately improve the yield and quality of Chinese medicinal herbs. Attached Figure Description

[0046] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the cultivation process of this invention. Detailed Implementation

[0047] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work fall within the protection scope of the present application.

[0048] Please refer to Figure 1 A method for cutting and cultivating Chinese herbal medicines, comprising the following steps:

[0049] Step one, selecting Chinese herbal medicine cutting and sterile treatment: selecting Gangmei, Qianlixiang, Chiangsongtung and Erfiliudaomu as Chinese herbal medicines, cutting stems, leaves or roots of Chinese herbal medicines for pretreatment and disinfection treatment respectively;

[0050] Step two, soil treatment: according to different Chinese herbal medicines, select the corresponding suitable soil, and carry out different degree of depth renovation, exposure and soil improvement treatment;

[0051] Step three, cutting: cutting time: according to the growth characteristics of different Chinese herbal medicines and local climate conditions, select the cutting time of pruning, keep the soil moist after cutting;

[0052] Step four, fertilization management: different conditions of fertilization are carried out in the early stage of cutting, growth period, flowering period and fruiting period of pruning respectively;

[0053] Step five, irrigation management: irrigation avoids the time after fertilization, and sets the irrigation amount according to the growth stage of Chinese herbal medicines and soil moisture content;

[0054] Step six, pest management: use light to trap pests, and use pest monitoring points to monitor the types and density of pests, when the density of pests reaches the control index, take timely pesticide control measures;

[0055] Step seven, execution management: for Gangmei, Qianlixiang, Chiangsongtung and Erfiliudaomu, establish their own planting archives respectively, record the operation time, operation content, fertilization amount, irrigation amount, disease and insect pest occurrence and control measures of the above Chinese herbal medicines in each stage, analyze the problems and lessons learned in the planting process;

[0056] Step eight, cultivation optimization: according to the data analysis results, timely adjust the planting management measures, such as adjusting the fertilization time and amount, optimizing the irrigation scheme and improving the disease and insect pest control method, so as to ensure that the growth environment of Chinese herbal medicines is always in the best state, and improve the yield and quality of Chinese herbal medicines.

[0057] Specifically, the selection of pruning in step one: select healthy, disease-free and excellent traits of the mother plant, prune in the morning 5-7 o'clock or evening 17-19 o'clock, at this time the plant contains high water content, branch activity is strong, according to the characteristics of different traditional Chinese medicinal materials to select the appropriate part, such as mint to select semi-lignified stem segments, length 10-15 cm, retain 3-4 nodes; Dendrobium officinale selects full stem nodes, each section contains 2-3 nodes, upper cut flat pruning (reduce evaporation), lower cut oblique (increase water absorption area, easy to root near the node).

[0058] Specifically, the pretreatment of pruning in step one: immediately rinse the cut stems, leaves or roots with sterile water 2-5 times to wash off surface dirt and impurities.

[0059] Specifically, the disinfection treatment of pruning in step one: put the washed cuttings into 60-75% medical alcohol for 30 seconds-1 minute; or soak in 0.05-1% sodium hypochlorite solution (such as 84 disinfectant diluted) for 5-8 minutes; or use 0.1-0.2% potassium permanganate solution for 10-12 minutes, or use 50-55% carbendazim wettable powder 800-1000 times liquid for 15-25 minutes, for comprehensive sterilization and disinfection, strictly control the concentration and time to avoid drug damage, after disinfection, rinse with sterile water 3-5 times to remove residual chemicals and avoid damage to the cuttings.

[0060] Specifically, the soil treatment pretreatment process in step two:

[0061] S2.1, site selection: choose a site with sufficient sunlight, good drainage and ventilation to avoid serious continuous cropping obstacles;

[0062] S2.2, plowing depth: plow the land to a depth of 40-50 cm, and remove stones and weed roots to ensure that the bottom soil is loose and ventilated;

[0063] S2.3, disinfection by exposure: after plowing, cover the land surface with black film and perform high-temperature steaming, expose the covered soil to sunlight for 7-30 days (7-15 days in summer; 15-30 days in winter), use ultraviolet light to kill part of the soil-borne pathogens, insect eggs and grass seeds;

[0064] S2.4, soil improvement treatment: apply 1000-2000 kg / acre of fully decomposed organic fertilizer at 40-45 cm of soil as base fertilizer, mix into the soil, and mix in lime or sulfur powder to adjust the soil pH to 6.0-7.0.

[0065] Advantages: by deep ploughing, sunning and disinfection and precise pH adjustment in the soil treatment link, the beneficial effects of improving soil structure and killing harmful organisms are achieved, among which the good soil structure and suitable pH value create a good environment for the growth of root system and nutrient absorption of Chinese herbal medicine, and the sunning and disinfection effectively kill pathogenic bacteria and pest eggs in the soil, thereby improving the rooting rate, plant height and reducing the incidence of diseases and insect pests of Chinese herbal medicine, and making the overall growth performance better.

[0066] Specifically, the cutting process in step three is:

[0067] S3.1, cutting time: select appropriate cutting time according to the growth characteristics of different Chinese herbal medicines and local climate conditions, which is in March-April in spring and September-October in autumn, and the temperature and humidity are more suitable at this time, which is beneficial to the rooting of cuttings;

[0068] S3.2, cutting: after soil improvement treatment, cut branches are inserted into the soil with a plant spacing of 10-20 cm and a row spacing of 20-35 cm, and the depth is 1 / 3-1 / 2 of the length of the cut branches;

[0069] S3.3, post-cutting treatment: after cutting, the surrounding soil is compacted by hand to make the cuttings closely contact with the soil, and the soil is watered thoroughly to keep the soil humidity between 55-65%.

[0070] Specifically, the fertilization management process in step four is:

[0071] S4.1, initial fertilization: 7-14 days after cutting, add plant growth regulator to the water, and control the concentration at 40-80 mg / L to promote rapid rooting of cuttings, and spray 0.1%-0.2% urea solution every 7-9 days to provide nitrogen nutrition for cuttings and promote their growth;

[0072] S4.2, growth period fertilization: after stable rooting to budding / flowering, increase the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, and apply 8-13 kg of urea per mu, and at the same time, apply 3-8 kg of phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer to promote stem and leaf growth, and supplement boron, zinc and iron trace element fertilizer on the leaf surface, and use ditching or hole digging method for fertilization, and water in time after fertilization to make the fertilizer dissolve and penetrate into the soil for root absorption;

[0073] S4.3, flowering period fertilization: after budding / flowering to harvesting, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, and apply 15-16 kg per mu to promote flower bud differentiation and flowering;

[0074] S4.4, fruiting period fertilization: after fruiting, supplement trace element fertilizer, and spray 0.2%-0.25% borax solution and 0.03%-0.05% zinc sulfate solution on the leaf surface to improve the quality and yield of fruits.

[0075] Specifically, the irrigation management process in step five:

[0076] S5.1, irrigation after 2-6 hours after fertilization to avoid immediate loss of fertilizer;

[0077] S5.2, keep the soil moist during cutting, and control the soil moisture content at 55%-70%, irrigate once every other day;

[0078] S5.3, during the growth period, keep the soil moisture content at 65%-80%, irrigate once every 4-5 days;

[0079] S5.4, during the flowering and fruiting periods, reduce the amount of irrigation, keep the soil moisture content at 50%-65%, and avoid excessive water leading to flower and fruit drop; during the dormant period, keep the soil slightly moist to prevent excessive dryness or excessive moisture affecting the overwintering of Chinese herbal medicines.

[0080] Advantages: by determining the cutting time according to the characteristics of Chinese herbal medicines and climate science, reasonably setting the plant spacing and insertion depth, and strictly controlling the humidity, the suitable conditions for cutting and growth of cuttings are provided, among which the scientific cutting time and suitable plant spacing effectively improve the success rate of rooting of Chinese herbal medicines, the reasonable insertion depth promotes the healthy growth of plants, and the strict control of humidity enhances the plant's resistance to diseases and pests.

[0081] Specifically, light trapping in step six: install a frequency vibration type insecticidal lamp every 20-45m in the Chinese herbal medicine planting area, use the phototaxis of pests to kill pests, and turn on the light from evening to next morning, which can effectively trap many kinds of pests such as Lepidoptera and Coleoptera, reduce the base number of pests, and set up a pest monitoring point every 5-10m in the planting area to monitor the types, quantity and occurrence dynamics of pests in real time, when the pest density reaches the control index, take timely chemical control.

[0082] Specifically, chemical control: when the pests cannot be controlled, use pesticides with strong specificity, low toxicity and low residue for control, the specific control is:

[0083] (1) Control aphids: select 10-13% imidacloprid wettable powder 1800-2000 times liquid;

[0084] (2) Control red spider mites: select 15-20% pyridaben wettable powder 1800-2200 times liquid;

[0085] When spraying, avoid the time of human activity, choose in the morning or evening, and evenly spray on the front and back of the leaves and stems of Chinese herbal medicine plants to ensure the control effect, at the same time, pay attention to rotation of pesticides to avoid the development of pesticide resistance by pests.

[0086] The advantages are that: by adopting the multi-fertilizer application in stages to meet the needs of different growth stages, and reasonably arranging irrigation according to the fertilization time and growth stage, the beneficial effects of providing comprehensive nutrition for Chinese herbal medicines are achieved, wherein the phased fertilization guarantees the nutrient needs of the plants in different growth stages, and the reasonable arrangement of irrigation guarantees the water supply and avoids the loss of fertilizers, so as to promote the healthy growth of the plants, and the plant disease resistance is improved by the scientific fertilization and irrigation management, and finally the yield and quality of Chinese herbal medicines are improved.

[0087] The cultivation method of the present application is applied to the actual cultivation of Gangmei, Qianlixiang, Chiangtong and Erfiliudaomu, and the specific cultivation is as follows:

[0088] Table 1

[0089]

[0090]

[0091] Gangmei, Qianlixiang, Chiangtong and Erfiliudaomu are selected for the same splicing mode corresponding to examples 1-4, and different methods are used for cultivation, and comparative examples 1-4 are obtained, as shown in the following table 2:

[0092] Table 2

[0093]

[0094]

[0095] The cultivation data of Gangmei, Qianlixiang, Chiangtong and Erfiliudaomu in examples and comparative examples during 1-6 months are recorded, as shown in the following table 3:

[0096] Table 3

[0097]

[0098]

[0099]

[0100] The following information is obtained from tables 1-3:

[0101] I. Pruning and sterile treatment (the same basis, the subsequent links determine the difference)

[0102] (1) Commonality of examples and comparative examples: pruning time (early morning / late evening) and disinfection method (alcohol, sodium hypochlorite) are consistent, which eliminates the interference of initial treatment on the results;

[0103] (2) Key point of difference: the scientificity of subsequent links (soil, cutting, fertilization method) directly affects rooting rate and plant growth, for example: the rooting rate of Example 1 of Rhododendron simsii (85%) is significantly higher than that of Comparative Example 1 (65%), mainly due to the optimization of subsequent soil treatment and fertilization management.

[0104] Conclusion: under the same pruning treatment, subsequent cultivation details are the core of improving the effect.

[0105] II. Soil treatment (depth, disinfection, and scientific regulation of pH value)

[0106] (1) Tillage depth: the tillage depth of the example is 41-45 cm (example) and 30-35 cm (comparative example), and the deeper tillage of the example is beneficial to root expansion;

[0107] (2) Sunlight disinfection: the example reduces bacteria through sunlight, while the comparative example does not or is insufficient;

[0108] (3) pH value adjustment: the example precisely controls the pH value (6.2-6.8), and the comparative example deviates from the appropriate range (such as Comparative Example 1 pH = 6).

[0109] Typical example: the plant height of Example 1 of Rhododendron simsii (pH = 6.5) is 42 cm, and the disease and pest incidence is 14%; the plant height of Comparative Example 1 (pH = 6) is only 18 cm, and the disease and pest incidence is 36%.

[0110] Conclusion: high-quality soil environment is the basis for root development and disease resistance.

[0111] III. Cutting management (precise control of timing, density, and humidity)

[0112] (1) Scientificity of the example: cutting time: choose spring or autumn according to the climate (such as Example 2 of Plumeria alba choosing autumn in September);

[0113] (2) Plant spacing: reasonable density (such as Example 2 of Plumeria alba with plant spacing of 12 cm and row spacing of 22 cm) and Comparative Example 2 with plant spacing of 8 cm (too dense);

[0114] (3) Insertion depth and humidity: the example is inserted 1 / 2-1 / 3 and the humidity is controlled (58%-63%), and the comparative example is inserted 2 / 3 or the humidity is improper (such as Comparative Example 1 with humidity of 66%).

[0115] Typical example: the rooting rate of Example 2 of Plumeria alba is 94%, and the plant height is 38 cm; the rooting rate of Comparative Example 2 is 73%, the plant height is 17 cm, and the disease and pest incidence is 40%.

[0116] Conclusion: scientific cutting can balance resource utilization and disease resistance.

[0117] Four, Fertilization Management (Importance of Staged Nutrient Supply)

[0118] (1) Optimal Strategy of Examples: Staged Fertilization: Growth Regulators + Urea + Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizers + Trace Elements (e.g. Example 4 of Two-winged Six-Path Wood);

[0119] (2) Disadvantages of Comparative Examples: Single Fertilizer (e.g. Comparative Example 4 lacks phosphorus and potassium fertilizers), leading to nutrient imbalance.

[0120] Typical Example: Two-winged Six-Path Wood Example 4 plant height 41 cm, disease and pest incidence 15%; Comparative Example 4 plant height 18 cm, disease and pest incidence 38%.

[0121] Conclusion: Comprehensive nutrient supply is the key to plant robustness and disease resistance.

[0122] Five, Irrigation Management (Scientificity of Irrigation Timing after Fertilization)

[0123] Rationality of Examples: Irrigation 4 hours after fertilization (e.g. Example 1 of Gang Mei) and Comparative Example 1 irrigation immediately after fertilization to avoid fertilizer loss.

[0124] Typical Example: Gang Mei Example 1 rooting rate 96%, plant height 42 cm; Comparative Example 1 rooting rate 78%, plant height 18 cm.

[0125] Conclusion: Precise irrigation ensures nutrient uptake and promotes growth.

[0126] Six, Pest Management (Comprehensive Prevention and Single Measure)

[0127] Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Examples: Light Trapping (Frequency Vibration Insecticidal Lamp) + Monitoring + Targeted Pesticides (e.g. Imidacloprid, Pyridaben).

[0128] Disadvantages of Comparative Examples: Single Measure (e.g. Comparative Example 3 relies solely on monitoring), leading to high incidence of disease and pests (e.g. 42% disease and pest incidence of Red Szechwan Lovage in Comparative Example 3).

[0129] Typical Example: Red Szechwan Lovage Example 3 disease and pest incidence 16%, plant height 40 cm; Comparative Example 3 disease and pest incidence 42%, plant height 18 cm.

[0130] Conclusion: Comprehensive prevention and control can effectively reduce the risk of disease and pests and ensure a healthy growth environment.

[0131] To sum up: the cultivation method of the present application directly acts on the growth process of Chinese herbal medicine through scientific and systematic operation process, optimizes each cultivation link, greatly improves the rooting rate, plant height of Gongmei, Qianlixiang, Chiangsongteng and Erfiliuliu, and reduces the disease and pest incidence, compared with the traditional cultivation method (comparative example), the cultivation method of the present application can more effectively improve the yield and quality of Chinese herbal medicine, and has high practical application value and popularization significance in actual Chinese herbal medicine planting.

[0132] While embodiments of the application have been shown and described, it is to be understood that the embodiments described are merely divergences, modifications, replacements and variations of the embodiments of the application, and the scope of the application is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for optimizing the cutting propagation and cultivation of Chinese medicinal herbs, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Selecting Chinese medicinal materials for grafting and aseptic treatment: Select Ilex chinensis, Murraya paniculata, Aristolochia debilis, and Aristolochia divaricata as Chinese medicinal materials for grafting. Cut off the stems, leaves, or roots of the Chinese medicinal materials according to their needs and perform pretreatment and disinfection. Step 2, Soil Treatment: Select appropriate soil according to different Chinese medicinal materials, and carry out different degrees of deep renovation, sun exposure and soil improvement treatment on the soil. Step 3, Cuttings: Cutting time: Choose the time for cuttings based on the growth characteristics of different Chinese medicinal materials and local climate conditions. Keep the soil moist after cuttings are taken. Step 4, Fertilizer Management: Apply fertilizer under different conditions at the initial stage of cutting, during the growth period, during the flowering period, and during the fruiting period. Step 5, Irrigation Management: Irrigation should be avoided after fertilization, and the amount of irrigation should be set according to the growth stage of the Chinese medicinal herbs and the soil moisture. Step 6, Pest Management: Use lights to trap pests and use pest monitoring points to monitor the types and density of pests. When the pest density reaches the control threshold, take timely chemical control measures. Step 7, Implementation Management: Establish separate planting files for each of the following Chinese medicinal herbs: Ilex chinensis, Murraya paniculata, Aristolochia debilis, and Aristolochia divaricata. Record the operation time, operation content, fertilizer application, irrigation amount, occurrence of pests and diseases and control measures at each stage of the above-mentioned Chinese medicinal herbs, and analyze the problems and lessons learned in the planting process. Step 8: Cultivation and Optimization: Adjust planting and management measures in a timely manner based on the data analysis results.

2. The method for optimizing the cutting and cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step one, the selection of branches for pruning is as follows: select healthy mother plants that are free from pests and diseases and have excellent traits, and prune them between 5-7 am or 5-7 pm. Make a horizontal cut at the top and a slanted cut at the bottom.

3. The method for optimizing the cutting and cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step one, the pruning pretreatment involves immediately rinsing the cut stems, leaves, or roots with sterile water 2-5 times.

4. The method for optimizing the cutting and cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step one, the pruning and disinfection treatment involves immersing the cleaned cuttings in 60-75% medical alcohol for 30 seconds to 1 minute; or in 0.05-1% sodium hypochlorite solution for 5-8 minutes; or in 0.1-0.2% potassium permanganate solution for 10-12 minutes; or in 800-1000 times diluted 50-55% carbendazim wettable powder solution for 15-25 minutes. After disinfection, rinse with sterile water 3-5 times.

5. The method for optimizing the cutting and cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil pretreatment process in step two: S2.1 Site selection: Select a plot of land with ample sunlight, good drainage, and good ventilation; S2.2, Tillage depth: Till the land to a depth of 40-50cm and remove stones and weed roots; S2.3, Sun exposure and disinfection: After plowing, cover the soil surface with a black film and expose the soil covered with the film to the sun for 7-30 days. S2.4 Soil improvement treatment: Apply 1000-2000 kg / mu of fully decomposed organic fertilizer at a depth of 40-45 cm as base fertilizer, mix it evenly into the soil, and mix in lime or sulfur powder to adjust the soil pH to 6.0-7.

0.

6. The method for optimizing the cutting and cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cutting process in step three: S3.1 Cutting time: Select the appropriate cutting time according to the growth characteristics of different Chinese medicinal materials and local climate conditions; S3.2 Cuttings: After soil improvement treatment, insert the cuttings into the soil at a plant spacing of 10-20cm and a row spacing of 20-35cm, to a depth of 1 / 3-1 / 2 of the cutting length. S3.3 Post-cutting treatment: After cutting, press the surrounding soil firmly with your hands to ensure that the cutting is in close contact with the soil, water thoroughly, and keep the soil moisture between 55-65%.

7. The method for optimizing the cutting and cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilization management process in step four is as follows: S4.1 Initial fertilization: 7-14 days after cutting, add plant growth regulator to the watering water, with the concentration controlled at 40-80mg / L, and spray with a 0.1%-0.2% urea solution every 7-9 days. S4.2 Fertilization during the growing season: After the roots have stabilized and before the buds appear / flowers, increase the amount of nitrogen fertilizer applied, and apply 8-13 kg of urea per mu, while also applying 3-8 kg of phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer. S4.3 Fertilization during flowering: After budding / flowering and before harvest, apply additional phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer at a rate of 15-16 kg per mu. S4.4 Fertilization during the fruiting period: After fruiting, supplement with micronutrient fertilizer, and spray the leaves with 0.2%-0.25% borax solution and 0.03%-0.05% zinc sulfate solution.

8. The method for optimizing the cutting and cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: The irrigation management process in step five: S5.

1. Irrigate 2-6 hours after fertilization to avoid the fertilizer being washed away immediately. S5.2 Keep the soil moist during cuttings, with the soil moisture content controlled at 55%-70%, and water once every other day; S5.3 During the growing season, the soil moisture content should be maintained at 65%-80%, and watering should be done every 4 to 5 days. S5.

4. During the flowering and fruiting periods, reduce irrigation and maintain soil moisture content at 50%-65%.

9. The method for optimizing the cutting and cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step six, light trapping involves installing a frequency-vibration insecticidal lamp every 20-45 meters in the medicinal herb planting area, and setting up a pest monitoring point every 5-10 meters in the planting area to monitor the types, quantities, and occurrence dynamics of pests in real time. When the pest density reaches the control threshold, pesticides are applied in a timely manner.

10. The method for optimizing the cutting and cultivation of Chinese medicinal materials according to claim 9, characterized in that: Chemical control: When pests cannot be controlled, select targeted, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides for control.

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