Multi-stage separation equipment for seeds and shells of camellia oleifera fruits and regulation and control method
By using multi-stage sorting equipment and control methods, the seeds and shells in camellia fruit are separated by friction and gravity differences, which solves the problem of incomplete sorting in existing technologies, achieves efficient and accurate sorting results, and improves the quality of camellia oil and the stability of the equipment.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202512003561.8
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-29
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-27
AI Technical Summary
In existing technologies, the separation of camellia seeds and shells is incomplete, leading to low pressing efficiency, increased equipment wear, and a decline in the quality of camellia oil.
A multi-stage sorting device is used, including an inclined material distribution plate and stacked first and second conveying components. It uses friction and gravity differences for sorting, and combined with an adjustment mechanism and stop brushes, it achieves efficient separation.
It significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of seed and shell separation, reduces material loss, enhances the integrity and precision of separation, and ensures the quality of tea oil.
Smart Images
Figure CN121732428A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural machinery technology, and in particular to a multi-stage sorting device for seeds and shells of camellia oleifera fruit and its control method. Background Technology
[0002] Camellia oleifera is an important oilseed crop in my country. Camellia oil, rich in unsaturated fatty acids, has extremely high nutritional and economic value. After harvesting, camellia fruits require processes such as shelling, separation, and pressing to obtain usable camellia oil. The mixture obtained after shelling mainly consists of seeds and shells. If these two are mixed together during subsequent pressing and refining processes, the presence of the shells will hinder oil penetration, reduce pressing efficiency, and increase equipment wear in subsequent processing stages. Furthermore, shell debris, as impurities, will affect the sensory and physicochemical properties of the camellia oil. Therefore, it is necessary to separate the seeds from the shells.
[0003] Traditional methods for separating seeds and husks include air separation, water separation, and vibrating sieving. Air separation utilizes the difference in density and aerodynamic properties between seeds and husks, using airflow to blow away the lighter husks and leave the heavier seeds. However, air separation is ineffective for some small, similarly sized and heavy fragments of husks and seeds, as well as materials with high moisture content, and it easily generates dust pollution. Water separation utilizes density differences; when the mixture is placed in water, materials with a density less than water float and those with a density greater than water sink. However, this increases the moisture content of the material, leading to additional costs and energy consumption for subsequent drying and storage. Vibrating sieving separates materials of different sizes and shapes using different trajectories and sieve penetration rates on the vibrating screen surface. Multi-stage sieves can achieve grading, but for irregularly shaped husks that may overlap with the seeds, relying solely on sieve aperture size is insufficient for accurate separation.
[0004] In view of this, it is necessary to propose a multi-stage sorting device for seeds and shells of camellia oleifera fruit that can automatically and efficiently separate seeds and shells, and its control method. Summary of the Invention
[0005] The main objective of this invention is to provide a multi-stage sorting device for the seeds and shells of camellia oleifera fruit and its control method, so as to solve the technical problem of incomplete sorting of camellia oleifera fruit in existing dry production lines.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides a multi-stage sorting device for seeds and shells of camellia oleifera fruit, characterized in that it includes a feeding hopper, a uniform material plate, and a sorting device. The uniform material plate is fixed at the outlet of the feeding hopper and above the sorting device. The uniform material plate is inclined toward the sorting device so that the seeds roll downward and the shells are conveyed upward. The sorting device includes a first conveying component and a second conveying component, which are stacked in a staggered manner. Both the first and second conveying components are inclined downward toward the feed hopper. The conveying direction of both the first and second conveying components is upward. The first conveying component is fixed above the second conveying component. The second conveying component has a receiving space to receive materials falling from the lower end of the first conveying component.
[0007] Furthermore, the first conveying component includes a first shell-discharging end and a first seed-discharging end, and the second conveying component includes a second shell-discharging end and a second seed-discharging end. The first shell-discharging end protrudes from the vertical plane where the second shell-discharging end is located to avoid interference during the shell-discharging process; the second seed-discharging end protrudes from the vertical plane where the first seed-discharging end is located to form a receiving space.
[0008] More preferably, the middle part of the second conveying component is hinged to the first seed row end; the sorting device further includes multiple speed-regulating motors and an adjustment mechanism, and both the first and second conveying components are connected to a speed-regulating motor; the adjustment mechanism includes a drive motor, a screw, and a connecting post, the fixed end of the drive motor is hinged to the bottom of the first conveying component, the output end of the drive motor is connected to the screw, the connecting post is hinged to the second seed row end, and the second connecting post has a threaded hole corresponding to the screw, and the screw cooperates with the connecting post.
[0009] More preferably, the first shell-row end, the first seed-row end, the second shell-row end, and the second seed-row end are all provided with baffles. There is a first gap between the baffles and the first seed-row end. The baffles are bent in the conveying direction to force the material on the first conveying component to fall through the first gap. There is a second gap between the baffles and the second seed-row end. The baffles are bent in the conveying direction to force the material on the second conveying component to fall through the second gap.
[0010] Furthermore, the sorting device also includes a first stop brush for preventing shells and seeds from bouncing. The first stop brushes are arranged in pairs and fixed on the first conveying component. The material drop range of the equalizing plate is located between the paired first stop brushes. There is a gap between the first stop brushes and the first conveying component to avoid hindering the upward conveying of shells and the downward rolling of seeds. The sorting device also includes a pair of second stop brushes, which are fixed on the second conveying component. The material drop range of the first conveying component is located between the pair of second stop brushes. There is a gap between the second stop brushes and the second conveying component to avoid obstructing the upward conveying of shells and the downward rolling of seeds.
[0011] More preferably, the distance between the lower stop brush in the first stop brush and the first conveying component is less than the height of the shell and greater than the height of the seed, so that the shell can be turned over without obstructing the seed from rolling down; And / or, the distance between the lower stop brush in the second stop brush and the second conveying component is less than the height of the shell and greater than the height of the seed, so that the shell is turned over without obstructing the seed from rolling down.
[0012] More preferably, the sorting device further includes a third conveying component, which is fixed below the second conveying component. The third conveying component is inclined toward the feed hopper and its conveying direction is upward. The third conveying component includes a third shell end and a third seed end. The distance between the third shell end and the third seed end is greater than the sum of the falling ranges of the first shell end and the second shell end, so as to receive the material falling from the first shell end and the second shell end. The third seed end is connected to the feed hopper.
[0013] This invention also provides a control method for a multi-stage sorting device for seeds and shells of camellia oleifera fruit, applied to the multi-stage sorting device for shells and seeds as described above, comprising the following steps: S1. Obtain the initial primary angle of the first transmission component and the initial secondary angle of the second transmission component, adjust the first transmission component so that the tilt angle of the first transmission component is equal to the initial primary angle, and adjust the second transmission component so that the tilt angle of the second transmission component is equal to the initial secondary angle. S2. Obtain the primary transmission speed of the first transmission component and the secondary transmission speed of the second transmission component, control the first transmission component to start operating according to the primary transmission speed, control the second transmission component to start operating according to the secondary transmission speed, and control the feed hopper to start discharging material. S3. Obtain the seed purity in the material flow at the first row of seeds and the seed purity in the material flow at the second row of seeds, and determine whether the seed purity at both locations reaches the preset seed purity; if so, proceed to step S4. S4. Obtain the seed content in the material flow at the first shell end and the material flow at the second shell end, and determine whether the seed content at both locations reaches the preset threshold; if not, complete the control process of the multi-stage shell and seed sorting equipment.
[0014] Furthermore, step S3 specifically includes the following steps: Obtain the seed purity in the material flow at the first seed end and the material flow at the second seed end, and determine whether the seed purity at both locations reaches the preset seed purity. If the seed purity in the material flow at the first seed end and the seed purity in the material flow at the second seed end both reach the preset seed purity, then proceed to step S4. If the purity of the seeds in the material flow at the first seed end does not reach the preset seed purity, then control the tilt angle of the first conveying component to decrease the preset angle and return to step S3; If the purity of the seeds in the material flow at the second seed end does not reach the preset seed purity, then control the tilt angle of the second conveying component to decrease the preset angle, and return to step S3.
[0015] Furthermore, step S4 specifically includes the following steps: The seed content in the material flow at the first shell discharge end and the seed content in the material flow at the second shell discharge end are obtained, and it is determined whether the seed content at the two locations reaches a preset threshold. If the seed content in the material flow at the first shell end reaches a preset threshold, the tilt angle of the first conveying component is controlled to increase by a preset increment, and the process returns to step S3. If the seed content in the material flow at the second shell end reaches the preset threshold, the tilt angle of the second conveying component is controlled to increase by the preset increment, and the process returns to step S3. If not, the seed content in the material flow at the first shell end and the seed content in the material flow at the second shell end both fail to reach the preset threshold, then the control process of the multi-stage shell and seed sorting equipment is completed.
[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: In this invention, an inclined material-spreading plate evenly distributes the material falling from the feed hopper onto the first conveying component, reducing the probability of shell and seed accumulation on the first conveying component. The seeds pressing against the shells increase friction, causing the seeds to be conveyed towards the first row of shells. Alternatively, the shells pressing against the seeds prevent friction between the shells and the first conveying component, causing the shells to slide along with the seeds towards the first row of seeds. This significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of shell and seed sorting. The two-stage progressive sorting structure formed by the second conveying component utilizes the friction and gravity difference between shells and seeds to achieve efficient separation. The receiving space precisely receives the material falling from the first component, reducing seed loss and improving sorting integrity and accuracy. This invention can also use multiple second conveying components stacked vertically to form a multi-stage sorting structure, further improving sorting accuracy. Attached Figure Description
[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without creative effort.
[0018] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the overall structure in one embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2This is a side sectional view of the overall structure in one embodiment of the present invention.
[0019] The objectives, features, and advantages of this invention will be further explained in conjunction with the embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0020] Explanation of icon numbers: 1. First conveying assembly; 101. First shell discharge end; 102. First seed discharge end; 2. Second conveying assembly; 201. Second shell discharge end; 202. Second seed discharge end; 3. Equalizing plate; 4. Vibrator; 5. Speed regulating motor; 601. First stop brush; 602. Second stop brush; 7. Baffle; 8. Feed hopper; 9. Adjustment mechanism. Detailed Implementation
[0021] It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
[0022] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0023] It should be noted that all directional indications (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) in the embodiments of the present invention are only used to explain the relative positional relationship and movement of each component in a certain specific posture (as shown in the figure). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.
[0024] Furthermore, the use of terms such as "first" and "second" in this invention is for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined with "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of that feature. Additionally, the technical solutions of the various embodiments can be combined with each other, but only on the basis of being achievable by those skilled in the art. When the combination of technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to implement, such a combination of technical solutions should be considered non-existent and not within the scope of protection claimed by this invention.
[0025] Please see Figure 1 and Figure 2This embodiment provides a multi-stage sorting device for camellia seeds and shells, including a feed hopper 8, a uniform material plate 3, and a sorting device. The uniform material plate 3 is fixed at the outlet of the feed hopper 8 and is fixed above the sorting device. The uniform material plate 3 is inclined toward the sorting device so that the seeds roll downward and the shells are conveyed upward. The sorting device includes a first conveying component 1 and a second conveying component 2, which are stacked in a staggered manner. Both the first conveying component 1 and the second conveying component 2 are inclined downward toward the feed hopper 8. The conveying direction of both the first conveying component 1 and the second conveying component 2 is upward. The first conveying component 1 is fixed above the second conveying component 2. The second conveying component 2 has a receiving space to receive materials falling from the lower end of the first conveying component 1.
[0026] In this embodiment, the inclined material distribution plate 3 evenly spreads the material falling from the feed hopper 8 onto the first conveying component 1, reducing the probability of shells and seeds accumulating on the first conveying component 1. The seeds pressing against the shells increase friction, causing the seeds to be conveyed towards the first shell end 101. Alternatively, the shells pressing against the seeds prevent friction between the shells and the first conveying component 1, causing the shells to slide along with the seeds towards the first seed end 102. This significantly improves the efficiency and accuracy of shell-seed sorting. The two-stage progressive sorting structure formed by the second conveying component 2 utilizes the friction and gravity difference between shells and seeds to achieve efficient separation. The receiving space precisely receives the material falling from the first component, reducing seed loss and improving sorting integrity and accuracy. This invention can set multiple second conveying components 2 stacked vertically to form a multi-stage sorting structure, further improving sorting accuracy.
[0027] In this embodiment, the first conveying component 1 includes a first shell-discharging end 101 and a first seed-discharging end 102, and the second conveying component 2 includes a second shell-discharging end 201 and a second seed-discharging end 202. The first shell-discharging end 101 protrudes from the vertical plane where the second shell-discharging end 201 is located to avoid interference during the shell-discharging process. The second seed-discharging end 202 protrudes from the vertical plane where the first seed-discharging end 102 is located to form a receiving space.
[0028] The first shell end 101 protrudes from the vertical plane where the second shell end 201 is located, avoiding interference between the shell discharge paths of the two-stage conveying components, preventing shell accumulation and blockage, ensuring smooth shell discharge channels, and improving the continuity and stability of sorting. The receiving space is aligned with the drop trajectory of the first seed end 102, maximizing the reception of falling seed material and reducing seed material scattering losses; at the same time, it provides stable feeding conditions for secondary sorting, further enhancing the shell-seed separation effect and improving sorting accuracy.
[0029] In one embodiment, the middle part of the second conveying component 2 is hinged to the first seed row end 102, and the second shell row end 201 is connected to the lower part of the first conveying component 1. The sorting device also includes multiple speed-regulating motors 5 and an adjustment mechanism 9. The first conveying component 1 and the second conveying component 2 are each connected to a speed-regulating motor 5. The adjustment mechanism 9 includes a drive motor, a screw, and a connecting post. The fixed end of the drive motor is hinged to the lower part of the first conveying component 1, and the output end of the drive motor is connected to the screw. The connecting post is hinged to the second seed row end 202, and the second connecting post has a threaded hole corresponding to the screw. The screw cooperates with the connecting post.
[0030] The middle part of the second conveying component 2 is hinged to the first seed-row end 102, providing a stable fulcrum for angle adjustment. This ensures accurate material receiving position during adjustment and improves equipment operational stability. The first and second conveying components are each connected to an independent speed-regulating motor 5, allowing for independent and precise adjustment of the two conveyor belt speeds. This flexibly adapts to differences in the physical characteristics of the shells and seeds, such as moisture content and size, optimizing the speed gradient and achieving graded control for coarse and fine selection, further improving sorting efficiency and accuracy. In this embodiment, the screw drive enables precise fine-tuning of the tilt angle of the second conveying component 2, offering high adjustment accuracy and fast response. The angle can be dynamically optimized based on the real-time material status, adapting to different working conditions and broadening the equipment's applicability. Simultaneously, the mechanical transmission structure is stable and reliable, reducing manual adjustment costs.
[0031] More preferably, each of the first shell end 101, the first seed end 102, the second shell end 201, and the second seed end 202 is provided with a baffle 7. A first gap exists between the baffle 7 and the first seed end 102. The baffle 7 bends in the conveying direction to force the material on the first conveying component 1 to fall through the first gap. A second gap exists between the baffle 7 and the second seed end 202. The baffle 7 bends in the conveying direction to force the material on the second conveying component 2 to fall through the second gap. This avoids seed loss due to rolling inertia causing collection omissions; simultaneously, it ensures the material enters the next stage or collection area along a set path, guaranteeing the continuity of multi-stage sorting. Combined with the friction between shells and seeds and the difference in gravity, it further optimizes the separation effect and improves the sorting integrity.
[0032] In one embodiment, the sorting device further includes a first stop brush 601 for preventing shells and seeds from bouncing. The first stop brushes 601 are arranged in pairs and fixed on the first conveying component 1. The material drop range of the equalizing plate 3 is located between the paired first stop brushes 601. There is a gap between the first stop brushes 601 and the first conveying component 1 to avoid obstructing the upward conveying of shells and the downward rolling of seeds.
[0033] As a further preferred embodiment, the sorting device further includes a pair of second stop brushes 602, which are fixed on the second conveying component 2. The material dropping range of the first conveying component 1 is located between the pair of second stop brushes 602. A gap is provided between the second stop brushes 602 and the second conveying component 2 to avoid obstructing the upward conveying of shells and the downward rolling of seeds.
[0034] As a further preferred embodiment, the distance between the lower stop brush in the first stop brush 601 and the first conveying component 1 is less than the height of the shell and greater than the height of the seed, so that the shell can be turned over without obstructing the seed from rolling down; And / or, the distance between the lower stop brush in the second stop brush 602 and the second conveying component 2 is less than the height of the shell and greater than the height of the seed, so that the shell can be turned over without obstructing the seed from rolling down.
[0035] In this embodiment, the first stop brush 601 and the second stop brush 602 can prevent the bouncing of materials falling from the equalization plate 3 or the first transmission component, thus preventing the shells and seeds from deviating from the preset sorting area. The paired arrangement limits the range of material sorting, ensuring that the materials are sorted within the effective area of the conveying component, and ensuring that the shell-seed separation mechanism is fully utilized. The spacing design does not hinder the upward conveying of shells and the downward rolling of seeds, reducing material spillage loss and improving the stability and accuracy of the first-stage sorting. When the arc-shaped shell's arc apex faces downward, the contact area between the shell and the first transmission component or the second conveying component 2 is small, causing the shell to be unable to be conveyed upward. The stop brush located below can flip the shell over, increasing the contact area and causing the shell to be conveyed upward.
[0036] Furthermore, it also includes a vibrator 4, which is fixed below the uniform material plate 3, and the output end of the vibrator 4 is connected to the bottom of the uniform material plate 3. Vibration loosens and evenly distributes the shell and seed mixture on the uniform material plate 3, preventing material agglomeration or local accumulation, and ensuring continuous and uniform material feeding. At the same time, vibration helps the material quickly adapt to the tilt angle of the uniform material plate 3, accelerating the initial stratification of shells and seeds, laying a stable feeding foundation for the friction-gravity separation of the subsequent conveying components, reducing the separation deviation caused by uneven feeding, and improving the overall separation efficiency and stability.
[0037] In one embodiment, the sorting device further includes a third conveying component, which is fixed below the second conveying component 2. The third conveying component is inclined toward the feed hopper 8 and its conveying direction is upward. The third conveying component includes a third shell end and a third seed end. The distance between the third shell end and the third seed end is greater than the sum of the falling ranges of the first shell end 101 and the second shell end 201, so as to receive the material falling from the first shell end 101 and the second shell end 201. The third seed end is connected to the feed hopper 8.
[0038] The third conveying component forms a seed recycling component, with a collection range covering the first two stages of shell discharge areas. This prevents shell loss due to scattering and achieves centralized receiving and conveying of shells, ensuring the continuity of the sorting process. After the first two stages of sorting, some seeds, due to being stacked in the shells, are carried out of the first shell end 101 or the second shell end 201. After being dropped, the shells and seeds may be separated again, further separating the shells and seeds to prevent waste.
[0039] In the above embodiments, since the shells are irregularly shaped, it is difficult to control the coefficient of friction. Therefore, in the above embodiments, the first conveying component 1 and the second conveying component 2 preferably use conveyor belts with textures or teeth. The texture is preferably a fine, directional texture, such as herringbone or grass-like patterns. The direction of the texture should be consistent with or at a certain angle to the direction of the conveyor belt's operation. In this way, for irregular seed shells, the edges of the texture can provide additional locking points, increasing the effective friction.
[0040] This embodiment also provides a control method for a multi-stage sorting device for seeds and shells of camellia oleifera fruit, applied to the multi-stage sorting device for shells and seeds as described above, including the following steps: S1. Obtain the initial primary angle of the first transmission component and the initial secondary angle of the second transmission component, adjust the first transmission component so that the tilt angle of the first transmission component is equal to the initial primary angle, and adjust the second transmission component so that the tilt angle of the second transmission component is equal to the initial secondary angle. S2. Obtain the primary transmission speed of the first transmission component and the secondary transmission speed of the second transmission component, control the first transmission component to start operating according to the primary transmission speed, control the second transmission component to start operating according to the secondary transmission speed, and control the feed hopper 8 to start discharging material. S3. Obtain the seed purity in the material flow of the first seed end 102 and the seed purity in the material flow of the second seed end 202, and determine whether the seed purity at both locations reaches the preset seed purity; if so, proceed to step S4. S4. Obtain the seed content in the material flow at the first shell discharge end 101 and the material flow at the second shell discharge end 201, and determine whether the seed content at both locations reaches the preset threshold; if not, complete the control process of the multi-stage shell and seed sorting equipment.
[0041] Furthermore, step S3 specifically includes the following steps: The purity of the seeds in the material flow at the first seed end 102 and the material flow at the second seed end 202 is obtained, and it is determined whether the purity of the seeds at both ends reaches the preset purity. If the seed purity in the material flow at the first seed end 102 and the seed purity in the material flow at the second seed end 202 both reach the preset seed purity, then proceed to step S4; in this embodiment, the preset seed purity is set to 99.5%; If the purity of the seeds in the material flow at the first seed end 102 does not reach the preset seed purity, the tilt angle of the first conveying component 1 is controlled to decrease the preset angle, and the process returns to step S3; the preset angle is set to 0.7°. If the purity of the seeds in the material flow at the second seed end 202 does not reach the preset seed purity, then the tilt angle of the second conveying component 2 is reduced to the preset angle, and the process returns to step S3.
[0042] Furthermore, step S4 specifically includes the following steps: The seed content in the material flow at the first shell discharge end 101 and the seed content in the material flow at the second shell discharge end 201 are obtained, and it is determined whether the seed content at both locations reaches a preset threshold; the preset threshold is set to 0.5%. If the seed content in the material flow at the first shell end 101 reaches a preset threshold, the tilt angle of the first conveying component 1 is increased by a preset increment, and the process returns to step S3; the preset increment is set to 0.5°. If the seed content in the material flow at the second shell end 201 reaches a preset threshold, the tilt angle of the second conveying component 2 is increased by a preset increment, and the process returns to step S3. If not, the seed content in the material flow at the first shell discharge end 101 and the seed content in the material flow at the second shell discharge end 201 both fail to reach the preset threshold, then the control process of the multi-stage shell and seed sorting equipment is completed.
[0043] The moisture content of different batches of shell-seed mixtures may vary, and moisture content significantly affects the material's coefficient of friction, adhesion, and flowability. Higher moisture content increases the stickiness of residual sugar or pectin on the seeds, which in turn greatly enhances the adhesion between the seeds and the conveyor belt, causing some seeds to rise and become impossible to sort.
[0044] In the above embodiments, the equipment is calibrated before startup by setting preset angle and speed parameters, laying the foundation for stable sorting. The preset angle and speed parameters are obtained by technicians based on production experience. By detecting the purity of the seeds and the content of the seeds at the shell discharge end, the angle of the corresponding conveying components is adjusted in real time to address the different batches of shell-seed mixtures with different moisture contents, avoiding the mixing of seeds with shells and shells with seeds, and improving the cleanliness of sorting. The conveying components are independently controlled and do not interfere with each other, adapting to different sorting conditions.
[0045] The above are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention and do not limit the scope of the patent. Any equivalent structural or procedural transformations made based on the description and drawings of the present invention, or direct or indirect applications in other related technical fields, are similarly included within the scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims
1. A multi-stage sorting device for the seeds and shells of camellia oleifera fruit, characterized in that, It includes a feeding hopper, a uniform material plate, and a sorting device. The uniform material plate is fixed at the outlet of the feeding hopper and above the sorting device. The uniform material plate is inclined toward the sorting device so that the seeds roll downward and the shells are conveyed upward. The sorting device includes a first conveying component and a second conveying component, which are stacked in a staggered manner. Both the first and second conveying components are inclined downward toward the feed hopper. The conveying direction of both the first and second conveying components is upward. The first conveying component is fixed above the second conveying component. The second conveying component has a receiving space to receive materials falling from the lower end of the first conveying component.
2. The multi-stage sorting equipment for seeds and shells of camellia fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first conveying component includes a first shell-discharging end and a first seed-discharging end, and the second conveying component includes a second shell-discharging end and a second seed-discharging end. The first shell-discharging end protrudes from the vertical plane where the second shell-discharging end is located to avoid interference during the shell-discharging process; the second seed-discharging end protrudes from the vertical plane where the first seed-discharging end is located to form a receiving space.
3. The multi-stage sorting equipment for seeds and shells of camellia fruit according to claim 2, characterized in that, The middle part of the second conveying component is hinged to the first seed row end; the sorting device also includes multiple speed-regulating motors and an adjustment mechanism, and the first and second conveying components are each connected to a speed-regulating motor; the adjustment mechanism includes a drive motor, a screw, and a connecting post, the fixed end of the drive motor is hinged to the bottom of the first conveying component, the output end of the drive motor is connected to the screw, the connecting post is hinged to the second seed row end, and the second connecting post has a threaded hole corresponding to the screw, and the screw cooperates with the connecting post.
4. The multi-stage sorting equipment for seeds and shells of camellia fruit according to claim 2, characterized in that, Each of the first shell end, the first seed end, the second shell end, and the second seed end is provided with a baffle. There is a first gap between the baffle and the first seed end. The baffle is bent in the conveying direction to force the material on the first conveying component to fall through the first gap. There is a second gap between the baffle and the second seed end. The baffle is bent in the conveying direction to force the material on the second conveying component to fall through the second gap.
5. The multi-stage sorting equipment for seeds and shells of camellia fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sorting device further includes a first stop brush for preventing shells and seeds from bouncing. The first stop brushes are arranged in pairs and fixed on the first conveying component. The material drop range of the equalization plate is located between the paired first stop brushes. There is a gap between the first stop brushes and the first conveying component to avoid obstructing the upward conveying of shells and the downward rolling of seeds. The sorting device also includes a pair of second stop brushes, which are fixed on the second conveying component. The material drop range of the first conveying component is located between the pair of second stop brushes. There is a gap between the second stop brushes and the second conveying component to avoid obstructing the upward conveying of shells and the downward rolling of seeds.
6. The multi-stage sorting equipment for seeds and shells of camellia fruit according to claim 5, characterized in that, The distance between the lower stop brush in the first stop brush and the first conveying component is less than the height of the shell and greater than the height of the seed, so that the shell can be turned over without obstructing the seed from rolling down; And / or, the distance between the lower stop brush in the second stop brush and the second conveying component is less than the height of the shell and greater than the height of the seed, so that the shell is turned over without obstructing the seed from rolling down.
7. The multi-stage sorting equipment for seeds and shells of camellia fruit according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sorting device further includes a third conveying component, which is fixed below the second conveying component. The third conveying component is inclined toward the feed hopper and its conveying direction is upward. The third conveying component includes a third shell end and a third seed end. The distance between the third shell end and the third seed end is greater than the sum of the falling ranges of the first shell end and the second shell end, so as to receive the material falling from the first shell end and the second shell end. The third seed end is connected to the feed hopper.
8. A method for controlling a multi-stage sorting device for seeds and shells of camellia oleifera fruit, applied to the multi-stage sorting device for shells and seeds as described in any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Obtain the initial primary angle of the first transmission component and the initial secondary angle of the second transmission component, adjust the first transmission component so that the tilt angle of the first transmission component is equal to the initial primary angle, and adjust the second transmission component so that the tilt angle of the second transmission component is equal to the initial secondary angle. S2. Obtain the primary transmission speed of the first transmission component and the secondary transmission speed of the second transmission component, control the first transmission component to start operating according to the primary transmission speed, control the second transmission component to start operating according to the secondary transmission speed, and control the feed hopper to start discharging material. S3. Obtain the seed purity in the material flow at the first row of seeds and the seed purity in the material flow at the second row of seeds, and determine whether the seed purity at both locations reaches the preset seed purity; if so, proceed to step S4. S4. Obtain the seed content in the material flow at the first shell end and the material flow at the second shell end, and determine whether the seed content at both locations reaches the preset threshold; if not, complete the control process of the multi-stage shell and seed sorting equipment.
9. The control method for the multi-stage sorting equipment for seeds and shells of camellia fruit according to claim 8, characterized in that, Step S3 specifically includes the following steps: Obtain the seed purity in the material flow at the first seed end and the material flow at the second seed end, and determine whether the seed purity at both locations reaches the preset seed purity. If the seed purity in the material flow at the first seed end and the seed purity in the material flow at the second seed end both reach the preset seed purity, then proceed to step S4. If the purity of the seeds in the material flow at the first seed end does not reach the preset seed purity, then control the tilt angle of the first conveying component to decrease the preset angle and return to step S3; If the purity of the seeds in the material flow at the second seed end does not reach the preset seed purity, then control the tilt angle of the second conveying component to decrease the preset angle, and return to step S3.
10. The control method for the multi-stage sorting equipment for seeds and shells of camellia fruit according to claim 8, characterized in that, Step S4 specifically includes the following steps: The seed content in the material flow at the first shell discharge end and the seed content in the material flow at the second shell discharge end are obtained, and it is determined whether the seed content at the two locations reaches a preset threshold. If the seed content in the material flow at the first shell end reaches a preset threshold, the tilt angle of the first conveying component is controlled to increase by a preset increment, and the process returns to step S3. If the seed content in the material flow at the second shell end reaches the preset threshold, the tilt angle of the second conveying component is controlled to increase by the preset increment, and the process returns to step S3. If not, the seed content in the material flow at the first shell end and the seed content in the material flow at the second shell end both fail to reach the preset threshold, then the control process of the multi-stage shell and seed sorting equipment is completed.