Interlayer cleaning device and method for electric arc fuse wire additive 7-series aluminum alloy

Abstract

The invention discloses an interlayer cleaning device and method for an electric arc fuse wire additive 7-series aluminum alloy, and belongs to the technical field of metal additive manufacturing. Comprising a bearing plate connected with an external additive mechanical arm, a lifting translation adjusting assembly installed on the bearing plate, a chamber cover in driving connection with the lifting translation adjusting assembly, a lifting fine adjustment assembly installed in the chamber cover, a cleaning assembly connected with the lifting fine adjustment assembly and a closed-loop gas protection assembly located on the cover wall of the chamber cover. Through the mechanism of annular surrounding heating, precise flexible cleaning, closed-loop inert protection and dynamic synchronous movement, dynamic synchronous integration of the cleaning action and additive printing is achieved, precise cleaning of a to-be-deposited area can be completed without interlayer pause, secondary oxidation and hydrogen adsorption are inhibited from the source, the porosity and inclusion defects are remarkably reduced, and the deposition efficiency is improved. And meanwhile, the production efficiency and the mechanical property of a formed part are improved to the maximum extent, and the efficiency and quality problems of 7-series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of metal additive manufacturing technology, specifically to an interlayer cleaning device and method for 7-series aluminum alloys produced by arc wire additive manufacturing. Background Technology

[0002] Arc-wire additive manufacturing technology is widely used in the rapid manufacturing of metal parts due to its high efficiency and low cost. 7-series aluminum alloys, as high-strength aluminum alloys, are key materials in high-end fields such as aerospace and automotive manufacturing due to their excellent specific strength and corrosion resistance. However, 7-series aluminum alloys have a high zinc content (typically ≥5%), which inevitably leads to Zn evaporation during the arc-wire additive manufacturing process, forming loose and porous ZnO, accompanied by the formation of a dense Al2O3 film. These oxide spatters are characterized by strong adhesion and fine particles, and 7-series aluminum alloys themselves are highly thermally sensitive (easily causing grain coarsening and deterioration of mechanical properties), resulting in inherent drawbacks that are difficult to overcome with existing cleaning technologies.

[0003] • Offline cleaning: It cannot remove interlayer splashes in real time, interrupting the continuous printing process, resulting in low production efficiency. Furthermore, it is prone to secondary oxidation and hydrogen adsorption in the exposed environment, which exacerbates defects.

[0004] Laser cleaning: High energy input can directly disturb the microstructure of the deposited layer on 7-series aluminum alloys, causing thermal damage. Moreover, single-processing cannot be adapted to continuous additive manufacturing processes, and it is not effective enough for cleaning mixed ZnO / Al2O3 spatter.

[0005] • Conventional mechanical cleaning (such as wire brushes): Rigid brush heads can easily scratch the substrate and cannot remove tiny oxide particles, leaving a risk of residue.

[0006] Existing technologies have not resolved the core contradiction between the thermal sensitivity of 7-series aluminum alloys and the strong adhesion of oxide spatter. Moreover, they generally adopt a discrete process of "deposition-pause-cleaning-restart," which results in high porosity of formed parts and low interlayer bonding strength. At the same time, production interruptions cause efficiency losses, making it difficult to meet the dual stringent requirements of high-end fields for mechanical properties and manufacturing efficiency. There is an urgent need for an interlayer cleaning technology that integrates printing and cleaning simultaneously and causes no secondary damage. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is to achieve dynamic synchronous integration of cleaning action and additive printing through a four-in-one mechanism of "ring-shaped heating - precise flexible cleaning - closed-loop inert protection - dynamic synchronous movement". It can complete the precise cleaning of the area to be deposited without interlayer pause, suppress secondary oxidation and hydrogen adsorption at the source, significantly reduce porosity and inclusion defects, and maximize production efficiency and mechanical properties of the formed parts, thus solving the dual problems of efficiency and quality in additive manufacturing of 7-series aluminum alloys.

[0008] The technical solution adopted by this invention to solve the technical problem is as follows: an interlayer cleaning device for 7-series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing using arc filament, comprising: a support plate connected to an external additive manufacturing robot arm, a lifting and translation adjustment assembly mounted on the support plate, a chamber cover driven and connected to the lifting and translation adjustment assembly, a lifting fine-tuning assembly mounted inside the chamber cover, a cleaning assembly connected to the lifting fine-tuning assembly, and a closed-loop gas protection assembly located on the wall of the chamber cover. The lifting and translation adjustment assembly includes a lifting adjustment mechanism and a translation adjustment mechanism. The lifting adjustment mechanism is driven and connected to the chamber cover to adjust the chamber cover for lifting and lowering. The translation adjustment mechanism is mounted on the support plate and connected to the lifting adjustment mechanism to adjust the distance between the chamber cover and the additive head mounted on the support plate for arc filament additive manufacturing. The cleaning assembly includes a cleaning motor and a cleaning head. The lifting fine-tuning assembly is driven and connected to the cleaning motor to drive the cleaning motor to lift and lower. The cleaning motor is driven and connected to the cleaning head to drive the cleaning head to rotate.

[0009] The chamber cover has a cylindrical structure. The closed-loop gas protection assembly includes an annular seat, several air inlet pipes, several rectangular air intake slots, an air intake transfer mechanism, and an air intake transfer mechanism. The annular seat is disposed on the inner wall of the chamber cover and is located at the upper part of the chamber cover. Several air inlet pipes are located in the annular seat, with one end extending to the outside of the chamber cover and the other end facing the central axis of the chamber cover. Several rectangular air intake slots are opened at the bottom of the chamber cover.

[0010] A heating ring is provided on the annular seat facing its own axis;

[0011] The air intake transfer mechanism is connected to several air intake pipes for connection with an external protective gas intake device, and the air suction transfer mechanism is connected to several suction rectangular slots for connection with an external suction device.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the annular seat and the cylindrical structure of the chamber cover are coaxial, the heating ring is coaxial with the annular seat, the diameter of the chamber cover is 40-60mm, the height of the chamber cover along the axial direction is 25-35mm, the diameter of the heating ring is 25-35mm, and the height of the heating ring along the axial direction is 6-18mm.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the annular seat is a circular annular structure, and the difference between the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the annular structure is in the range of 12-28mm, the height of the annular seat along the axial direction is in the range of 8-20mm, and the diameter of the air intake pipe is in the range of 8-12mm.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of the suction rectangular grooves are evenly distributed along the circumference of the chamber cover, the width of the suction rectangular grooves ranges from 3-8mm, the length ranges from 10-20mm, and the spacing between two adjacent suction rectangular grooves ranges from 5-10mm.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a soft sealing lip 101 is provided at the bottom of the chamber cover.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cleaning head includes a rotating base plate and elastic bristles. The cleaning motor is connected to the rotating base plate to drive the rotating base plate to rotate, and the rotation line coincides with the central axis of the chamber cover. The elastic bristles are disposed on the rotating base plate. The rotating base plate has a circular plate structure and a diameter range of 20mm-30mm.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the translation adjustment mechanism includes a servo motor and a lead screw guide rail. The lead screw guide rail is mounted on a support plate, and the servo motor is driven to drive the lead screw guide rail. The lifting adjustment mechanism includes an external electric lifting cylinder, which is mounted on the servo motor, and the output end of the external electric lifting cylinder is connected to the chamber cover.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the lifting and fine-tuning component includes an inner electric lifting cylinder, which is disposed inside the chamber cover, and the output end of the inner electric lifting cylinder is connected to a cleaning motor.

[0019] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the air intake transfer mechanism includes an annular air intake transfer chamber, an air intake adapter, an air intake main pipe, an air intake radial multi-head pipe, and an air intake pressure regulating valve. The annular air intake transfer chamber is disposed on the outer periphery of the chamber cover and connected to several air intake pipes. The air intake pressure regulating valve is disposed on the annular air intake transfer chamber and is connected to the air intake adapter through the air intake main pipe. The air intake adapter is disposed on a support plate and is connected to several pipelines through the air intake radial multi-head pipe and connected to external protection through several pipelines. The air intake device is connected, and the air intake transfer mechanism includes an annular air intake transfer chamber, an air intake adapter, an air intake main pipe, an air intake radial multi-head pipe, and a flow regulating valve. The annular air intake transfer chamber is located on the outer periphery of the chamber cover and is connected to several air intake rectangular slots. The flow regulating valve is located on the annular air intake transfer chamber and is connected to the air intake adapter through the air intake main pipe. The air intake adapter is located on the support plate and is connected to several pipelines through the air intake radial multi-head pipe and connected to an external suction device through several pipelines.

[0020] A method for cleaning interlayer aluminum alloys using the aforementioned arc-wire additive manufacturing cleaning device includes the following steps:

[0021] S1: According to the requirements of aluminum alloy additive forming, the distance between the chamber cover and the additive head is set to obtain the distance parameter, the height difference between the chamber cover and the additive head is set to obtain the height parameter of the chamber cover, and the height difference between the cleaning head and the chamber cover is set to obtain the height parameter of the cleaning head.

[0022] S2: The translation adjustment mechanism adjusts the chamber cover according to the spacing parameter so that the distance between the chamber cover and the additive head is controlled at 5-10mm;

[0023] S3: The external additive robotic arm drives the chamber cover and the additive head to move toward the substrate of the aluminum alloy that carries the additive, so that the additive head reaches the additive height required for aluminum alloy additive forming. The lifting and adjusting mechanism adjusts the chamber cover according to the height parameter of the chamber cover, so that the chamber cover is close to the aluminum alloy to be deposited area.

[0024] S4: The heating ring heats the interlayer surface temperature of the area to be deposited to 80-150℃. The lifting and fine-tuning mechanism moves the cleaning head closer to the area to be deposited according to the cleaning head height parameter. Then the cleaning motor 4 drives the cleaning head to rotate for cleaning.

[0025] S5: The external protective gas intake device inputs protective gas into the chamber hood through the intake transfer mechanism and several intake pipes. At the same time, the external suction device suctions gas from the chamber hood through the suction transfer mechanism and several suction rectangular slots. The gas suction flow rate is greater than the input gas flow rate of the protector.

[0026] S6: The external robotic arm moves the chamber cover and the additive head with the chamber cover behind it. The additive head starts additive processing according to the parameters of aluminum alloy additive forming until the additive processing ends.

[0027] The beneficial effects of this invention are reflected in:

[0028] 1. Synchronous integration breaks through efficiency bottlenecks: The dynamic synchronous mode of "cleaning following deposition" is proposed, which upgrades the traditional discrete process of "deposition-cleaning" into an integrated continuous process, completely eliminating the waiting time between layers, and improving production efficiency by more than 50% compared with offline cleaning.

[0029] 2. Targeted solutions to core metallurgical defects: Through a proprietary design of "ring-shaped uniform heating - precise flexible cleaning", it is precisely adapted to the heat-sensitive and strong adhesion characteristics of 7-series aluminum alloys, avoiding damage to the substrate. The removal rate of ZnO / Al2O3 spatter is increased to over 90%, the porosity is reduced from 2.81% in the existing technology to below 0.08%, and the occurrence rate of inclusion defects is reduced by 95%.

[0030] 3. Closed-loop inert protection eliminates secondary hazards: The local chamber, in conjunction with the distributed air intake and annular air exhaust gas system, ensures that the area to be deposited is always in a uniform inert environment, reducing the interlayer oxygen content by more than 60% and the hydrogen adsorption by 70%, thus completely suppressing secondary oxidation and hydrogen-induced porosity.

[0031] 4. Significantly improved mechanical properties: The tensile strength of the formed parts reaches more than 95% of the standard for the same type of forgings, and the elongation is increased to 5.4%, meeting the requirements of high-end fields such as aerospace;

[0032] 5. Structural Adaptation Ensures Forming Stability: The design of the heating ring, the flexible cleaning head with elastic bristles, and the closed-loop gas protection component are structurally adapted to each other. With high-precision position compensation, the positioning deviation between the cleaning area and the deposition area is ≤0.1mm, ensuring uniform interlayer bonding and avoiding forming defects caused by local temperature fluctuations or airflow interference. Attached Figure Description

[0033] Figure 1 This is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 This is a partial cross-sectional schematic diagram of the present invention, excluding the annular air intake transfer chamber and the annular air intake transfer chamber.

[0035] In the diagram: 1. Chamber cover; 101. Soft sealing lip; 2. Additive head; 3. Inner electric lifting cylinder; 4. Cleaning motor; 5. Rotating base plate; 6. Elastic bristles; 7. Annular seat; 8. Heating ring; 9. Inlet pipe; 10. Intake rectangular groove; 11. Outer electric lifting cylinder; 12. Servo motor; 13. Lead screw guide rail; 14. Bearing plate; 15. Annular intake transfer chamber; 16. Inlet pressure regulating valve; 17. Inlet adapter; 171. Inlet radial multi-head pipe; 18. Inlet main pipe; 19. Annular intake transfer chamber; 20. Flow regulating valve; 21. Intake adapter; 211. Intake radial multi-head pipe; 22. Intake main pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] Combined with appendix Figure 1-2As shown, an interlayer cleaning device for 7-series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing using arc-fused wire includes a chamber cover 1, a soft sealing lip 101, an additive head 2, an inner electric lifting cylinder 3, a cleaning motor 4, a rotating base plate 5, elastic bristles 6, an annular seat 7, a heating ring 8, an air inlet pipe 9, a suction rectangular groove 10, an outer electric lifting cylinder 11, a servo motor 12, a lead screw guide rail 13, a bearing plate 14, an annular air inlet transfer chamber 15, an air inlet pressure regulating valve 16, an air inlet adapter 17, an air inlet radial multi-head pipe 171, an air inlet main pipe 18, an annular suction transfer chamber 19, a flow regulating valve 20, a suction adapter 21, a suction radial multi-head pipe 211, and a suction main pipe 22.

[0038] Combined with appendix Figure 1-2 As shown, an interlayer cleaning device for 7-series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing using arc-fused wire includes: a support plate 14 connected to an external additive manufacturing robot arm; a lifting and translation adjustment assembly mounted on the support plate 14; a chamber cover 1 drivenly connected to the lifting and translation adjustment assembly; a lifting fine-tuning assembly installed inside the chamber cover 1; a cleaning assembly connected to the lifting fine-tuning assembly; and a closed-loop gas protection assembly located on the wall of the chamber cover 1. Specifically, the chamber cover 1 has a cylindrical structure, a diameter ranging from 40 to 60 mm, and a height ranging from 25 to 35 mm along the axial direction. Preferably, the chamber cover 1 is made of stainless steel.

[0039] The lifting and translation adjustment assembly includes a lifting adjustment mechanism and a translation adjustment mechanism. The lifting adjustment mechanism is driven and connected to the chamber cover 1 to adjust the chamber cover 1 for lifting and lowering movement. The translation adjustment mechanism is mounted on the support plate 14 and connected to the lifting adjustment mechanism to adjust the distance between the chamber cover 1 and the additive head 2 for the arc fuse additive manufacturing mounted on the support plate 14. Specifically, the translation adjustment mechanism includes a servo motor 12 and a lead screw guide rail 13. The lead screw guide rail 13 is mounted on the support plate 14 and driven and connected to the servo motor 12 and the lead screw guide rail 13. Preferably, the extended square of the lead screw guide 13 is aligned with the layout direction between the additive head 2 and the chamber cover 1. The lifting adjustment mechanism includes an external electric lifting cylinder 11, which is mounted on the servo motor 12. The output end of the external electric lifting cylinder 11 is connected to the chamber cover 1. The distance between the chamber cover 1 and the additive head 2 is controlled within 5-10mm. Specifically, regarding the distance between the chamber cover 1 and the additive head 2, the distance refers to the horizontal projection distance between the central axis of the chamber cover 1 and the central axis of the additive head 2 on the mounting plane of the bearing plate 14, rather than the radial weight of the component entity. The stacking distance, the radial dimension (radius 25-35mm) of the chamber shroud 1, is the range of the area to be deposited covered by its cavity in the vertical working direction. The distance between the chamber shroud 1 and the additive head 2 are dimensional parameters in different dimensions, respectively adapting to the dual requirements of layout installation and process coverage. Preferably, the stroke range of the servo motor 12 is 18-22mm, with a repeatability of ±0.05mm, and the stroke range of the external electric lifting cylinder 11 is 45-55mm, with a positioning accuracy of ±0.1mm. The high-precision control of the servo motor 12 and the external electric lifting cylinder 11 is used to adjust the chamber shroud 1. On the one hand, it can compensate for the relative positional deviation between the chamber hood 1 and the additive head 2 in real time by bonding pressure with the material interlayer surface of the area to be deposited. On the other hand, it can also compensate for the relative positional deviation between the chamber hood 1 and the additive head 2 in real time. By linking the chamber hood 1 and the additive head 2, and controlling the distance between the chamber hood 1 and the additive head 2 to 5-10mm, it can ensure that the cleaning area and the area to be deposited are precisely connected, realizing the synchronous mode of "cleaning ahead of deposition and dynamic following", thereby realizing the continuous process of "cleaning and deposition at the same time" until the part is formed and then stops synchronously. In addition, it can be combined with the closed-loop gas protection component to form a "purge-cleaning-suction" closed loop to maintain a local inert micro negative pressure environment.

[0040] The cleaning assembly includes a cleaning motor 4 and a cleaning head. The lifting and fine-tuning assembly is driven by the cleaning motor 4 to move the cleaning motor 4 up and down. The cleaning motor 4 is driven by the cleaning head to rotate the cleaning head. Specifically, the lifting and fine-tuning assembly includes an inner electric lifting cylinder 3, which is located inside the chamber cover 1. The output end of the inner electric lifting cylinder 3 is connected to the cleaning motor 4. Preferably, the inner electric lifting cylinder 3 is located at the center line of the cylindrical structure of the chamber cover 1. The stroke range of the inner electric lifting cylinder 3 is 18-22mm, and the positioning accuracy is ±0.05mm. The high-precision design of the inner electric lifting cylinder 3 is used to adjust the surface between the cleaning head and the material layer in the area to be deposited. The pressure control between the surfaces allows for precise fine-tuning of the cleaning head independently of the chamber cover 1, preventing damage to the airtightness due to overall chamber cover adjustments and ensuring the accuracy of the cleaning action. By setting up a lifting and fine-tuning component independent of the chamber cover 1, the inertia and adjustment stroke limitations of the chamber cover 1 prevent the cleaning head from failing to respond quickly to height adjustments when relying solely on the overall lifting of the chamber cover 1. This avoids problems such as cleaning lag or excessive positioning deviation disrupting the "cleaning ahead of deposition, dynamic following" synchronous mode. The cleaning head includes a rotating base plate 5 and elastic bristles 6. The cleaning motor 4 is connected to the rotating base plate 5 to drive it to rotate, and the rotation line coincides with the central axis of the chamber cover 1. The elastic... Brush bristles 6 are disposed on a rotating substrate 5, which is a circular plate structure with a diameter ranging from 20mm to 30mm. Preferably, the elastic brush bristles 6 are made of high-temperature resistant modified polyurethane or high-temperature resistant silicone rubber, with a surface texture of 0.1-0.5mm and a hardness of Shore A60-90. The elastic brush bristles 6 have a length ranging from 5-8mm and a diameter ranging from 0.1-0.2mm, and are radially and evenly distributed on the rotating substrate 5, with a quantity of 800-1200 bristles. During operation, the distance between the rotating substrate 5 and the surface of the material to be cleaned in the area to be deposited ranges from 0.3-0.7mm. During operation, the cleaning motor 4 drives the rotating substrate 5 at a speed of 100-500rpm. The rotation speed within the enclosure is controlled to ensure that the time difference between the cleaning action of the cleaning head and the additive deposition action of the additive head 2 is ≤5s, and the positioning deviation between the cleaning area and the deposition area is controlled to be ≤0.1mm. This achieves the goal of ensuring cleaning coverage while avoiding contact damage, so as to adapt to the dynamic cleaning needs of 7-series aluminum alloy splatter. That is, it ensures that the 7-series aluminum alloy deposition layer has initial solidification strength (avoiding damage to the substrate during cleaning), and can also use the residual heat of the deposition layer to help reduce the bonding force between oxides and the substrate, which fits the design of "dynamic synchronous cleaning". Due to the choice of material of elastic bristles 6, in conjunction with the rotation, the temperature effect on elastic bristles 6 itself is reduced, ensuring the service life of elastic bristles 6.

[0041] The area to be deposited refers to the surface area of ​​the formed layer that is immediately in front of the arc molten pool on the continuous additive manufacturing path and is about to be covered by the next layer. This area has oxide spatter attached to its surface and needs to be cleaned.

[0042] The deposition area / melt pool area refers to the area below the electric arc of the additive head 2 where metal deposition is taking place;

[0043] The closed-loop gas protection assembly includes an annular seat 7, several inlet pipes 9, several rectangular suction slots 10, an inlet transfer mechanism, and a suction transfer mechanism. The annular seat 7 has a circular structure, and the difference between the inner and outer diameters of the annular structure is 12-28 mm. The height of the annular seat 7 along the axial direction is 8-20 mm. The annular seat 7 is disposed on the inner wall of the chamber cover 1 and located at the upper part of the chamber cover 1. The annular seat 7 is coaxial with the cylindrical structure of the chamber cover 1. Several inlet pipes 9 are located in the annular seat 7, with one end extending outside the chamber cover 1 and the other end facing the central axis of the chamber cover 1. The diameter range of the inlet pipes 9 is... Preferably, the intake pipe 9 has a Z-shaped structure, with the middle long side of the Z-shaped structure extending in the same direction as the axis of the annular seat 7, and the upper and lower short sides extending in the same direction as the meridian of the annular seat 7. Several rectangular suction grooves 10 are formed at the bottom of the chamber cover 1, and the rectangular suction grooves 10 are evenly distributed around the circumference of the chamber cover 1. The width of the rectangular suction grooves 10 ranges from 3 to 8 mm, the length ranges from 10 to 20 mm, the distance between two adjacent rectangular suction grooves 10 ranges from 5 to 10 mm, and the sum of the lengths of the rectangular suction grooves 10 accounts for 60% to 80% of the bottom circumference of the chamber cover 1.

[0044] A heating ring 8 is disposed on the annular seat 7 facing its own axis. The heating ring 8 is coaxial with the annular seat 7. The diameter of the heating ring 8 ranges from 25-35 mm, and the height of the heating ring 8 along the axial direction ranges from 6-18 mm. The heating ring 8 is composed of a surrounding electric heating tube with a diameter range of 4-6 mm. By setting the heating ring 8, the interlayer surface temperature of the area to be deposited can reach 80-150℃, which heats the supplied protective gas while maintaining a certain temperature inside the chamber shroud 1. Under the action of an interlayer surface temperature of 80-150℃ in the area to be deposited, the spatter can be better separated from the aluminum alloy substrate, so that the rotating cleaning head can better clean the spatter. The heating ring 8 is annular. Under the action of the ring, the heating ring 8 fits against the inner wall of the chamber cover 1 to form a continuous and uniform heat radiation band. It can adapt to the cylindrical structure of the chamber cover 1 to achieve uniform heat field distribution, realize uniform heating throughout the area to be deposited, accurately reduce the bonding force between ZnO / Al2O3 spatter and the substrate, and avoid material thermal damage caused by local overheating.

[0045] The bottom of the chamber cover 1 is provided with a soft sealing lip 101. Preferably, the soft sealing lip 101 is made of high temperature resistant silicone material with a thickness of 4-6 mm.

[0046] The intake transfer mechanism includes an annular intake transfer chamber 15, an intake adapter 17, an intake manifold 18, an intake radial multi-head pipe 171, and an intake pressure regulating valve 16. The annular intake transfer chamber 15 is disposed on the outer periphery of the chamber cover 1 and connected to several intake pipes 9. The intake pressure regulating valve 16 is disposed on the annular intake transfer chamber 15 and is connected to the intake adapter 17 through the intake manifold 18. The intake adapter 17 is disposed on the support plate 14 and is connected to several pipelines through the intake radial multi-head pipe 171 and connected to an external protective gas intake device through several pipelines. The suction transfer mechanism includes an annular suction transfer chamber 19 and a suction... The system includes an adapter 21, a main suction pipe 22, a radial suction multi-head pipe 211, and a flow regulating valve 20. The annular suction transfer chamber 19 is located on the outer periphery of the chamber cover 1 and connected to several rectangular suction slots 10. The flow regulating valve 20 is located on the annular suction transfer chamber 19 and is connected to the suction adapter 21 via the main suction pipe 22. The suction adapter 21 is located on the support plate 14 and is connected to several pipelines via the radial suction multi-head pipe 211 and to an external suction device via several pipelines. Preferably, the annular intake transfer chamber 15 is coaxial with the chamber cover 1, and the annular suction transfer chamber 19 is coaxial with the chamber cover 1. The axial height of the 15 pipe ranges from 5-10 mm, and the radial thickness ranges from 5-8 mm. Several pipes connected to the radial multi-head inlet pipe 171 have a diameter range of 10-20 mm. The main inlet pipe 18 and the main suction pipe 22 both use flexible corrugated pipes with a diameter range of 12-20 mm and a length range of 20-30 mm. They are connected to the inlet pressure regulating valve 16, the inlet adapter 17, the flow regulating valve 20, and the suction adapter 21 via quick-connect fittings, thereby ensuring the freedom of movement of the chamber hood 1. The external protective gas inlet device supplies argon or helium, and the pressure of the gas supplied for purging ranges from 0.3-0.8 MPa. An external suction device... The suction rate ranges from 8 to 15 L / min. The external protective gas intake device inputs protective gas into the chamber shroud 1 through the intake transfer mechanism and several intake pipes 9. At the same time, the external suction device suctions gas from the chamber shroud 1 through the suction transfer mechanism and several suction rectangular grooves 10. The soft sealing lip 101 ensures that the space between the chamber shroud 1 and the interlayer surface of the substrate to be deposited is in a relatively sealed environment, isolating external air and preventing airflow from interfering with the electric arc. The cylindrical structure of the chamber shroud 1 makes the airflow distribution more uniform. Combined with the fact that the gas suction flow rate is greater than the gas input flow rate of the protector, a 0.005-0.005 L / min gas flow rate is formed inside the chamber shroud 1.A micro-negative pressure environment of 0.15 MPa is created. This design enhances debris extraction efficiency, allowing for better separation of splashes from the substrate. Furthermore, the large-aperture rectangular suction channel 10, combined with the micro-negative pressure environment design, strengthens the adsorption and transport of splashes and debris. Simultaneously, it ensures uniform coverage of the deposition area with inert gas, efficiently extracting and cleaning debris and hydrogen-containing gases. This creates a suction effect that carries away splashes for easy collection. Moreover, it helps maintain the inert gas atmosphere. The intake pressure regulating valve 16 ensures uniform airflow through the multiple intake pipes 9, while the flow regulating valve 20 regulates the flow rate, ensuring the generation of the micro-negative pressure environment.

[0047] Combined with appendix Figure 1-2 As shown, a method for cleaning interlayer aluminum alloys using the aforementioned arc-wire additive manufacturing cleaning device includes the following steps:

[0048] S1: According to the requirements of aluminum alloy additive forming, the distance between the chamber cover 1 and the additive head 2 is set to obtain the distance parameter, the height difference between the chamber cover 1 and the additive head 2 is set to obtain the chamber cover height parameter, and the height difference between the cleaning head and the chamber cover 1 is set to obtain the cleaning head height parameter. The chamber cover height parameter is set according to the height position of the additive head 2 during deposition to determine the height between the chamber cover 1 and the interlayer surface of the material to be deposited, so as to achieve that the chamber cover 1, together with the soft sealing lip 101, fits against the interlayer surface of the material to be deposited, thereby ensuring that the chamber cover 1 is sealed. The cleaning head height parameter is set according to the height of the chamber cover 1 when the soft sealing lip 101 fits against the interlayer surface of the material to be deposited, so as to determine the height between the cleaning head and the interlayer surface of the material to be deposited, so as to control the distance between the rotating substrate 5 in the cleaning head and the interlayer surface of the material to be deposited between 0.3-0.7mm.

[0049] S2: The translation adjustment mechanism adjusts the chamber cover 1 according to the spacing distance parameter, so that the distance between the chamber cover 1 and the additive head 2 is controlled at 5-10mm;

[0050] S3: The external additive manufacturing robot arm drives the chamber cover 1 and the additive head 2 to move toward the substrate of the aluminum alloy that carries the additive, so that the additive head 2 reaches the additive height required for aluminum alloy additive forming. The lifting and adjusting mechanism adjusts the chamber cover 1 according to the height parameter of the chamber cover, so that the chamber cover 1 is close to the aluminum alloy to be deposited area, so that the soft sealing lip 101 fits against the material interlayer surface of the to be deposited area, thereby ensuring that the chamber cover 1 is sealed.

[0051] S4: The heating ring 8 heats the interlayer surface temperature of the area to be deposited to 80-150℃. The lifting and fine-tuning mechanism moves the cleaning head closer to the area to be deposited according to the cleaning head height parameter. Then, the cleaning motor 4 drives the cleaning head to rotate for cleaning. The interlayer surface temperature of the area to be deposited can be obtained by infrared detection. The infrared detection device can be installed in the chamber cover 1 and cooperate with the heating ring 8. Preferably, the infrared detection device includes several miniature infrared probes, with 2-3 miniature infrared probes. The miniature infrared probes are embedded in the annular seat 7 and arranged around the circumference of the heating ring 8. The miniature infrared probes are embedded by a perforated embedding method with a hole depth of 2-5mm. A heat insulation sheet with a thickness of 0.4mm-0.6mm is provided between the miniature infrared probes and the heating ring 8 to reduce the influence of heat radiation from the heating ring.

[0052] S5: The external protective gas intake device inputs protective gas into the chamber shroud 1 through the intake transfer mechanism and several intake pipes 9. At the same time, the external suction device suctions gas from the chamber shroud 1 through the suction transfer mechanism and several suction rectangular slots 10. The gas suction flow rate is greater than the input gas flow rate of the protector.

[0053] S6: The external robotic arm moves the chamber cover 1 and the additive head 2 with the chamber cover 1 in the rear. The additive head 2 starts additive processing according to the parameters of aluminum alloy additive forming until the additive processing ends. The movement mode of the chamber cover 1 in the rear and the additive head 2 in the front is set to adapt to the process sequence of interlayer cleaning. When the additive head 2 is in front, it completes the fused wire deposition at the corresponding position of the macroscopic area to be deposited to form a new deposition layer (i.e., the deposition area). The chamber cover 1 follows behind and cleans the surface of the newly formed deposition area (i.e., the microscopic area to be deposited, the bonding surface of the next layer to be deposited) so as to simultaneously complete the interlayer treatment of "heating-flexible cleaning-inert protection".

[0054] Taking an 8mm gap between chamber hood 1 and additive head 2 as an example:

[0055] An interlayer cleaning device for 7-series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing using arc fuses includes: a support plate 14 connected to an external additive manufacturing robot arm; a lifting and translation adjustment assembly mounted on the support plate 14; a chamber cover 1 drivenly connected to the lifting and translation adjustment assembly; a lifting fine-tuning assembly installed inside the chamber cover 1; a cleaning assembly connected to the lifting fine-tuning assembly; and a closed-loop gas protection assembly located on the wall of the chamber cover 1. Specifically, the chamber cover 1 has a cylindrical structure with a diameter of 50 mm and a height of 30 mm along the axial direction. Preferably, the chamber cover 1 is made of stainless steel.

[0056] The lifting and translation adjustment assembly includes a lifting adjustment mechanism and a translation adjustment mechanism. The lifting adjustment mechanism is driven and connected to the chamber cover 1 to adjust the chamber cover 1 for lifting and lowering movement. The translation adjustment mechanism is mounted on the support plate 14 and connected to the lifting adjustment mechanism to adjust the distance between the chamber cover 1 and the additive head 2 for the arc fuse additive manufacturing mounted on the support plate 14. Specifically, the translation adjustment mechanism includes a servo motor 12 and a lead screw guide rail 13. The lead screw guide rail 13 is mounted on the support plate 14, and the servo motor 12 is driven and connected to the lead screw guide rail 13. Preferably, the lead screw guide rail 13 is extended... The square shape is aligned with the additive head 2 and the chamber cover 1. The lifting adjustment mechanism includes an external electric lifting cylinder 11, which is mounted on a servo motor 12. The output end of the external electric lifting cylinder 11 is connected to the chamber cover 1. The distance between the chamber cover 1 and the additive head 2 is controlled at 8mm. The servo motor 12 has a stroke of 20mm and a repeatability of ±0.05mm. The external electric lifting cylinder 11 has a stroke of 50mm and a positioning accuracy of ±0.1mm. The servo motor 12 works in conjunction with the additive head 2 through a PLC controller to achieve the purpose of adjusting the distance between the chamber cover 1 and the additive head 2.

[0057] The cleaning assembly includes a cleaning motor 4 and a cleaning head. The lifting and fine-tuning assembly is driven by the cleaning motor 4 to move the cleaning motor 4 up and down. The cleaning motor 4 is driven by the cleaning head to rotate the cleaning head. Specifically, the lifting and fine-tuning assembly includes an inner electric lifting cylinder 3, which is located inside the chamber cover 1. The output end of the inner electric lifting cylinder 3 is connected to the cleaning motor 4. Preferably, the inner electric lifting cylinder 3 is located at the center line of the cylindrical structure of the chamber cover 1, with a stroke of 20mm and a positioning accuracy of ±0.05mm. The cleaning head includes a rotating base plate 5 and elastic bristles 6. The cleaning motor 4 is connected to the rotating base plate 5 to drive the rotating base plate 5 to rotate, and the rotation line is aligned with the central axis of the chamber cover 1. The elastic bristles 6 are disposed on the rotating substrate 5, which is a circular plate structure with a diameter of 25mm. The elastic bristles 6 are made of high-temperature resistant modified polyurethane, with a surface texture of 0.3mm and a hardness of Shore A70. The elastic bristles 6 are 6mm long and 0.15mm in diameter, and are radially and evenly distributed on the rotating substrate 5, with a quantity of 1000 bristles. During operation, the distance between the rotating substrate 5 and the surface of the material to be cleaned in the deposition area is 0.5mm. During operation, the cleaning motor 4 drives the rotating substrate 5 to rotate at a speed within the range of 300rpm. The time difference between the cleaning action performed by the cleaning head and the additive deposition action performed by the additive head 2 is controlled to be ≤5s, and the positioning deviation between the cleaning area and the deposition area is controlled to be ≤0.1mm.

[0058] The closed-loop gas protection assembly includes an annular seat 7, several inlet pipes 9, several rectangular suction slots 10, an inlet transfer mechanism, and a suction transfer mechanism. The annular seat 7 has a circular structure, and the difference between the inner and outer diameters of the annular structure is 18-20 mm. The height of the annular seat 7 along the axial direction is 12 mm. The annular seat 7 is disposed on the inner wall of the chamber cover 1 and is located at the upper part of the chamber cover 1. The annular seat 7 is coaxial with the cylindrical structure of the chamber cover 1. Several inlet pipes 9 are located in the annular seat 7, with one end extending outside the chamber cover 1 and the other end... Facing the central axis of the chamber cover 1, the air inlet pipe 9 has a diameter of 10mm and a Z-shaped structure. The middle long side of the Z-shaped structure of the air inlet pipe 9 extends in the same direction as the axis of the annular seat 7, and the upper and lower short sides of the Z-shaped structure of the air inlet pipe 9 extend in the same direction as the meridian of the annular seat 7. Several rectangular suction grooves 10 are formed at the bottom of the chamber cover 1 and are evenly distributed around the circumference of the chamber cover 1. The width of the rectangular suction groove 10 is 5mm, the length is 15mm, and the distance between two adjacent rectangular suction grooves 10 is 7mm.

[0059] A heating ring 8 is provided on the annular seat 7 facing its own axis. The heating ring 8 is coaxial with the annular seat 7. The diameter of the heating ring 8 is 30mm and the height of the heating ring 8 along the axial direction is 10mm. The heating ring 8 is composed of a surrounding electric heating tube with a diameter of 5mm and a power of 60W, so that the surface temperature of the material in the area to be deposited is 120℃.

[0060] The bottom of the chamber cover 1 is provided with a soft sealing lip 101, wherein the soft sealing lip 101 is made of high temperature resistant silicone material and has a thickness of 5mm;

[0061] The air intake transfer mechanism includes an annular air intake transfer chamber 15, an air intake adapter 17, an air intake main pipe 18, an air intake radial multi-head pipe 171, and an air intake pressure regulating valve 16. The annular air intake transfer chamber 15 is disposed on the outer periphery of the chamber cover 1 and connected to several air intake pipes 9. The air intake pressure regulating valve 16 is disposed on the annular air intake transfer chamber 15 and is connected to the air intake adapter 17 through the air intake main pipe 18. The air intake adapter 17 is disposed on the support plate 14. The intake adapter 17 is connected to several pipelines via an intake radial multi-head pipe 171 and to an external protective gas intake device via several pipelines. The intake transfer mechanism includes an annular intake transfer chamber 19, an intake adapter 21, an intake main pipe 22, an intake radial multi-head pipe 211, and a flow regulating valve 20. The annular intake transfer chamber 19 is located on the outer periphery of the chamber cover 1 and is connected to several intake rectangular slots 10. The flow regulating valve 20 is located in the annular intake transfer chamber 19. On the 9th, the flow regulating valve 20 is connected to the suction adapter 21 through the suction main pipe 22. The suction adapter 21 is set on the support plate 14. The suction adapter 21 is connected to several pipelines through the suction radial multi-head pipe 211 and connected to the external suction device through several pipelines. Preferably, the gas supplied by the external protective gas inlet device is argon. The pressure range of the gas supplied for purging is 0.3-0.8MPa. The suction rate of the external suction device is 12L / min. The external protective gas inlet device inputs protective gas into the chamber shroud 1 through the inlet transfer mechanism and several inlet pipes 9. At the same time, the external suction device suctions gas from the chamber shroud 1 through the inlet transfer mechanism and several suction rectangular grooves 10. With the setting of the soft sealing lip 101, combined with the gas suction flow rate being greater than the input gas flow rate of the protector, a micro negative pressure environment of 0.01MPa is formed in the chamber shroud 1.

[0062] A method for cleaning interlayer aluminum alloys using the aforementioned arc-wire additive manufacturing cleaning device includes the following steps:

[0063] S1: According to the requirements of aluminum alloy additive forming, the distance between the chamber cover 1 and the additive head 2 is set to obtain the distance parameter, the height difference between the chamber cover 1 and the additive head 2 is set to obtain the chamber cover height parameter, and the height difference between the cleaning head and the chamber cover 1 is set to obtain the cleaning head height parameter. The chamber cover height parameter is set according to the height position of the additive head 2 during deposition to determine the height between the chamber cover 1 and the interlayer surface of the material to be deposited, so as to achieve that the chamber cover 1, together with the soft sealing lip 101, fits against the interlayer surface of the material to be deposited, thereby ensuring that the chamber cover 1 is sealed. The cleaning head height parameter is set according to the height of the chamber cover 1 when the soft sealing lip 101 fits against the interlayer surface of the material to be deposited, so as to determine the height between the cleaning head and the interlayer surface of the material to be deposited, so as to control the distance between the rotating substrate 5 in the cleaning head and the interlayer surface of the material to be deposited to be 0.5mm.

[0064] S2: The translation adjustment mechanism adjusts the chamber cover 1 according to the spacing parameter so that the distance between the chamber cover 1 and the additive head 2 is controlled at 8mm;

[0065] S3: The external additive manufacturing robot arm drives the chamber cover 1 and the additive head 2 to move toward the substrate of the aluminum alloy that carries the additive, so that the additive head 2 reaches the additive height required for aluminum alloy additive forming. The lifting and adjusting mechanism adjusts the chamber cover 1 according to the height parameter of the chamber cover, so that the chamber cover 1 is close to the aluminum alloy to be deposited area, so that the soft sealing lip 101 fits against the material interlayer surface of the to be deposited area, thereby ensuring that the chamber cover 1 is sealed.

[0066] S4: The heating ring 8 heats the interlayer surface temperature of the area to be deposited to 120°C. The lifting and fine-tuning mechanism moves the cleaning head closer to the area to be deposited according to the cleaning head height parameter. Then the cleaning motor 4 drives the cleaning head to rotate for cleaning.

[0067] S5: The external protective gas inlet device inputs protective gas into the chamber hood 1 through the inlet transfer mechanism and several inlet pipes 9. At the same time, the external suction device suctions gas from the chamber hood 1 through the suction transfer mechanism and several suction rectangular grooves 10. The gas suction flow rate is greater than the gas input flow rate of the protector. Specifically, argon gas is purged at a pressure of 0.5 MPa, the suction rate is 12 L / min, and the pressure inside the chamber hood 1 is 0.01 MPa with a slight negative pressure.

[0068] S6: The external robotic arm moves the chamber cover 1 and the additive head 2 with the chamber cover 1 in the rear. The additive head 2 starts additive processing according to the parameters of aluminum alloy additive forming until the additive processing ends. After the additive processing ends, the chamber cover 1 moves upward, which drives the cleaning head to move upward, so that the distance between the cleaning head and the substrate is 20mm.

[0069] Further:

[0070] To verify the effectiveness of this invention, three sets of comparative experiments were set up:

[0071] Control group 1: Offline cleaning using conventional wire brushes;

[0072] Control group 2: Laser cleaning (energy density 10 J / cm²) 2 );

[0073] Experimental group: using the apparatus and method of the present invention.

[0074] The experimental results are shown in the table below:

[0075]

[0076] Experiments show that, through the adaptive design of the annular electric heating tube and the cylindrical chamber, the optimization of the "annular air intake + circumferential air exhaust" micro-negative pressure gas system, and the synergistic effect of the flexible brush head, this invention maintains the advantages of low porosity and high mechanical properties while increasing the debris removal rate to over 98%. The production efficiency is significantly improved compared to traditional offline cleaning, which is significantly better than existing technologies. Furthermore, the uniform thermal field and airflow distribution of the cylindrical chamber avoids forming defects caused by local temperature fluctuations or airflow dead zones.

[0077] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. The embodiments and descriptions in the specification are merely preferred examples and are not intended to limit the invention. Various changes and modifications can be made to the invention without departing from its spirit and scope, and all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An interlayer cleaning device for 7-series aluminum alloys produced by arc welding wire additive manufacturing, comprising: The assembly comprises a support plate (14) connected to an external additive manufacturing robot arm, a lifting and translation adjustment assembly mounted on the support plate (14), a chamber cover (1) driven and connected to the lifting and translation adjustment assembly, a lifting fine-tuning assembly mounted inside the chamber cover (1), a cleaning assembly connected to the lifting fine-tuning assembly, and a closed-loop gas protection assembly located on the wall of the chamber cover (1). The lifting and translation adjustment assembly includes a lifting adjustment mechanism and a translation adjustment mechanism. The lifting adjustment mechanism is driven and connected to the chamber cover (1) to adjust the chamber cover (1) for lifting and lowering. The translation adjustment mechanism is mounted on the support plate (14) and connected to the lifting adjustment mechanism to adjust the distance between the chamber cover (1) and the additive head (2) for the arc fuse additive manufacturing mounted on the support plate (14). The cleaning assembly includes a cleaning motor (4) and a cleaning head. The lifting fine-tuning assembly is driven and connected to the cleaning motor (4) to drive the cleaning motor (4) to lift and lower. The cleaning motor (4) is driven and connected to the cleaning head to drive the cleaning head to rotate. The chamber cover (1) is a cylindrical structure. The closed-loop gas protection component includes an annular seat (7), several air inlet pipes (9), several air intake rectangular grooves (10), an air intake transfer mechanism, and an air intake transfer mechanism. The annular seat (7) is disposed on the inner wall of the chamber cover (1) and located at the upper part of the chamber cover (1). Several air inlet pipes (9) are located in the annular seat (7), with one end extending to the outside of the chamber cover (1) and the other end facing the central axis of the chamber cover (1). Several air intake rectangular grooves (10) are opened at the bottom of the chamber cover (1). A heating ring (8) is provided on the annular seat (7) facing its own axis; The air intake transfer mechanism is connected to several air intake pipes (9) for connection with an external protective gas intake device, and the air intake transfer mechanism is connected to several air intake rectangular slots (10) for connection with an external suction device.

2. The interlayer cleaning device for 7-series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular seat (7) is coaxial with the cylindrical structure of the chamber cover (1), the heating ring (8) is coaxial with the annular seat (7), the diameter of the chamber cover (1) is 40-60mm, the height of the chamber cover (1) along the axial direction is 25-35mm, the diameter of the heating ring (8) is 25-35mm, and the height of the heating ring (8) along the axial direction is 6-18mm.

3. The interlayer cleaning device for 7-series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The annular seat (7) is a circular structure, and the difference between the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the annular structure of the annular seat (7) is 12-28mm. The height of the annular seat (7) along the axial direction is 8-20mm. The diameter of the air intake pipe (9) is 8-12mm.

4. The interlayer cleaning device for 7-series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: Several of the suction rectangular grooves (10) are evenly distributed around the circumference of the chamber cover (1). The width of the suction rectangular groove (10) ranges from 3 to 8 mm, the length ranges from 10 to 20 mm, and the distance between two adjacent suction rectangular grooves (10) ranges from 5 to 10 mm.

5. The interlayer cleaning device for 7-series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the chamber cover (1) is provided with a soft sealing lip (101).

6. The interlayer cleaning device for 7-series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cleaning head includes a rotating base plate (5) and elastic bristles (6). The cleaning motor (4) is connected to the rotating base plate (5) to drive the rotating base plate (5) to rotate. The rotation line coincides with the central axis of the chamber cover (1). The elastic bristles (6) are disposed on the rotating base plate (5). The rotating base plate (5) is a circular plate structure with a diameter range of 20mm-30mm.

7. The interlayer cleaning device for 7-series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The translation adjustment mechanism includes a servo motor (12) and a lead screw guide rail (13). The lead screw guide rail (13) is mounted on the support plate (14). The servo motor (12) is driven and connected to the lead screw guide rail (13). The lifting adjustment mechanism includes an external electric lifting cylinder (11). The external electric lifting cylinder (11) is mounted on the servo motor (12). The output end of the external electric lifting cylinder (11) is connected to the chamber cover (1).

8. The interlayer cleaning device for 7-series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting and fine-tuning assembly includes an inner electric lifting cylinder (3), which is located inside the chamber cover (1). The output end of the inner electric lifting cylinder (3) is connected to the cleaning motor (4).

9. The interlayer cleaning device for 7-series aluminum alloy additive manufacturing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air intake transfer mechanism includes an annular air intake transfer chamber (15), an air intake adapter (17), an air intake main pipe (18), an air intake radial multi-head pipe (171), and an air intake pressure regulating valve (16). The annular air intake transfer chamber (15) is located on the outer periphery of the chamber cover (1) and connected to several air intake pipes (9). The air intake pressure regulating valve (16) is located on the annular air intake transfer chamber (15). The air intake pressure regulating valve (16) is connected to the air intake adapter (17) through the air intake main pipe (18). The air intake adapter (17) is located on the support plate (14). The air intake adapter (17) is connected to several pipelines through the air intake radial multi-head pipe (171) and connected to an external protective gas intake device through several pipelines. The air transfer mechanism includes an annular air transfer chamber (19), an air transfer adapter (21), an air transfer main pipe (22), an air transfer radial multi-head pipe (211), and a flow regulating valve (20). The annular air transfer chamber (19) is located on the outer periphery of the chamber cover (1) and connected to several air transfer rectangular grooves (10). The flow regulating valve (20) is located on the annular air transfer chamber (19). The flow regulating valve (20) is connected to the air transfer adapter (21) through the air transfer main pipe (22). The air transfer adapter (21) is located on the support plate (14). The air transfer adapter (21) is connected to several pipelines through the air transfer radial multi-head pipe (211) and connected to an external suction device through several pipelines.

10. A method for cleaning interlayer aluminum alloys produced by arc-wire additive manufacturing according to any one of claims 1-9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: According to the requirements of aluminum alloy additive forming, the distance between the chamber cover (1) and the additive head (2) is set to obtain the distance parameter, the height difference between the chamber cover (1) and the additive head (2) is set to obtain the height parameter, and the height difference between the cleaning head and the chamber cover (1) is set to obtain the height parameter. S2: The translation adjustment mechanism adjusts the chamber cover (1) according to the spacing distance parameter so that the distance between the chamber cover (1) and the additive head (2) is controlled at 5-10mm; S3: The external additive robotic arm drives the chamber cover (1) and the additive head (2) to move toward the substrate of the aluminum alloy that carries the additive, so that the additive head (2) reaches the additive height required for aluminum alloy additive forming. The lifting adjustment mechanism adjusts the chamber cover (1) according to the height parameter of the chamber cover, so that the chamber cover (1) is close to the area of ​​the aluminum alloy to be deposited. S4: The heating ring (8) heats the interlayer surface temperature of the area to be deposited to 80-150℃. The lifting and fine adjustment mechanism drives the cleaning head to approach the area to be deposited according to the cleaning head height parameter. Then the cleaning motor (4) drives the cleaning head to rotate for cleaning. S5: The external protective gas inlet device inputs protective gas into the chamber cover (1) through the inlet transfer mechanism and several inlet pipes (9), while the external suction device sucks gas into the chamber cover (1) through the suction transfer mechanism and several suction rectangular grooves (10). The gas suction flow rate is greater than the gas input flow rate of the protector. S6: The external robotic arm moves the chamber cover (1) and the additive head (2) with the chamber cover (1) at the rear. The additive head (2) starts additive processing according to the parameters of aluminum alloy additive forming until the additive processing ends.

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