Ash removal device utilizing thermal expansion of pressurizing medium to pressurize explosion
The pressurized explosion ash removal device, which uses the thermal expansion of pressurized medium to generate shock waves by mixing liquid CO2 with superheated steam, solves the safety hazards and high costs of existing combustible gas explosion ash removal methods, and achieves a safe, economical and efficient ash removal effect.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-17
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-27
AI Technical Summary
Existing methods for cleaning ash from combustible gases have safety hazards and high costs. They are particularly prone to causing fires or explosions in flue gas containing combustible gases, and are also economically unsound and have limited applicability.
The device employs a pressurized medium thermal expansion pressurization explosion ash removal device. It utilizes the expansion and pressurization of high-pressure low-temperature liquid CO2 mixed with high-pressure high-temperature superheated steam to drive a piston and generate a shock wave for ash removal, thus avoiding chemical explosion. The structure is simple, safe and reliable.
It achieves safe, economical, continuous, and rapid multiple-explosion ash removal, has a wide range of applications, and can remove ash accumulation in both low-temperature and high-temperature zones, reducing equipment costs and improving ash removal efficiency.
Smart Images
Figure CN121732497A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of industrial production technology, and specifically to a device for ash removal that utilizes the thermal expansion of a pressurizing medium to increase pressure and explode. Background Technology
[0002] In industrial production, ash buildup inside equipment (such as dust collectors and heat exchangers) can severely affect heat exchange efficiency, gas flow performance, and overall operational stability. Therefore, efficient ash removal technology has always been a key focus of the industry. Currently, the core principle of the mainstream explosion-based ash removal method is to pre-mix high-pressure combustible gas (such as methane CH4, acetylene C2H2, etc.) with air or oxygen, and then ignite the mixture in a specific confined space using an ignition device. After combustion, the mixture rapidly explodes, generating a high-intensity shock wave. This shock wave travels along a predetermined path to the internal space of the equipment to be cleaned, using the impact of the shock wave to dislodge the ash adhering to the inner wall of the equipment, thereby achieving the purpose of ash removal.
[0003] However, the aforementioned ash removal method based on combustible gas explosion has significant technical defects and safety hazards. First, the explosion in this process is a chemical explosion, relying on the violent reaction between combustible gas and oxidizing gas. In practical applications, if the high-pressure gas storage, transmission pipelines, and mixing system experience sealing failures or pipeline damage, gas leaks are highly likely to occur. Once the leaked combustible gas forms a mixture within the explosive limits with air, it may trigger an accidental explosion upon encountering an ignition source. This will not only damage the ash removal equipment itself but also pose a serious threat to the personal safety of on-site operators.
[0004] Secondly, from an economic cost perspective, the production, transportation, and storage of combustible gases (such as methane and acetylene) all require strict safety control measures, resulting in high management costs. At the same time, to ensure the effectiveness of explosion ash removal, a certain amount of combustible gas needs to be continuously consumed, and the ash removal equipment itself also needs to be specially designed and modified for combustible gas explosion scenarios, further increasing the purchase and maintenance costs of the equipment, resulting in poor overall economic efficiency.
[0005] Furthermore, in certain industrial scenarios, such as when cleaning flue gas, which is mainly composed of coal gas, existing flue gas cleaning methods based on combustible gases pose more prominent safety risks. The flames or high temperatures generated during a gas explosion can easily ignite combustible components in the flue gas itself (such as carbon monoxide and hydrogen in coal gas), leading to a chain reaction of explosions or fires and causing serious production safety accidents. Therefore, the application of this method in such specific scenarios is greatly limited, and there is an urgent need for a safer, more economical, and more widely applicable flue gas cleaning technology to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention
[0006] To address the technical problems existing in the background art, the present invention proposes a pressurized explosion ash removal device that utilizes the thermal expansion of a pressurizing medium. Its structure is simple and reasonable, safe and reliable to use, and economical and practical. It can achieve continuous, rapid, and multiple explosion ash removal, with good ash removal effect and high efficiency, and has a wider range of applications.
[0007] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides a pressurized explosion ash removal device utilizing the thermal expansion of a pressurizing medium, which includes an air storage cylinder, an air inlet and explosion chamber, and a piston; The inner cavity of the gas storage cylinder is a gas storage chamber. The inlet end is connected to external superheated steam, and the outlet end is sealed to the inlet end of the gas inlet and the explosion chamber and is provided with a throat. The inner cavity of the air intake and explosion chamber is an explosion chamber, and its air intake end is connected to the throat. The air intake end of the air intake and explosion chamber is provided with a flared mouth, and a shock wave guide cylinder is connected to the air outlet side of the flared mouth. A piston guide cylinder is matched and fixedly installed on the side of the inner cavity of the air intake and explosion chamber near the flared mouth, and a pressurized medium air intake chamber cylinder is matched and fixedly installed on the air outlet side of the piston guide cylinder. A bevel is matched and opened at the end of the air intake end of the piston guide cylinder. The flared mouth and the bevel form an annular detonation port. The inner cavity of the piston guide cylinder is a superheated steam air intake chamber, and the inner cavity of the pressurized medium air intake chamber cylinder is a pressurized medium air intake chamber. The superheated steam air intake chamber and the pressurized medium air intake chamber are connected to each other. The outlet end of the pressurizing medium inlet chamber is connected to the pressurizing medium inlet chamber; the superheated steam inlet chamber is connected to an external high-pressure steam source through a superheated steam inlet pipe for heating during mixing. The piston is a hollow piston structure with its inner cavity communicating with the gas storage chamber and the pressurizing medium inlet chamber. It operates between the throat, the superheated steam inlet chamber and the pressurizing medium inlet chamber, and during operation, it is sealed with the inner wall of the throat, the inner wall of the piston guide cylinder and the inner wall of the pressurizing medium inlet chamber cylinder through a multi-seal structure.
[0008] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the pressurizing medium inlet chamber cylinder and the piston guide cylinder are concentrically connected to each other; The outlet end of the pressurizing medium inlet pipe is also matched radially with a pressurizing medium inlet pipe. The pressurizing medium inlet pipe is connected to the pressurizing medium inlet chamber via a pressurizing medium channel.
[0009] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gas storage cylinder is provided with a gas storage chamber end cap at the air inlet end, and a superheated steam inlet pipe for mixing and heating is provided through the center of the axial end of the gas storage chamber end cap. The gas storage cylinder is provided with a gas outlet flange at its outlet end; the outlet of the gas outlet flange is provided with the throat. The air intake end of the air intake and explosion chamber is provided with an air intake flange, and the air intake flange is matched and sealed to the air outlet flange for fixed connection.
[0010] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the circumferential outer walls of the piston guide cylinder and the pressurizing medium inlet chamber cylinder are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the shock wave guide cylinder by fixing ribs.
[0011] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the piston includes a piston cylinder and a pressurizing medium conduit integrally connected to the piston cylinder; the inner cavity of the piston cylinder communicates with the inner cavity of the pressurizing medium conduit; the piston cylinder operates between the superheated steam inlet chamber, the inlet end of the inlet and explosion chamber, and the throat; the pressurizing medium conduit operates in the pressurizing medium inlet chamber; and the inner cavity of the piston cylinder communicates with the throat and the gas storage chamber.
[0012] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the gap between the piston cylinder and the piston guide cylinder located near the piston intake side is sealed with a metal sealing ring, and the gap between the piston cylinder and the piston guide cylinder located far from the piston intake side is sealed with an O-ring. The gap between the piston cylinder and the piston guide cylinder located near the air inlet side of the throat is sealed with a metal sealing ring, and the gap between the piston cylinder and the piston guide cylinder located far from the air inlet side of the throat is sealed with an O-ring.
[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the piston guide cylinder is further provided with a superheated steam inlet pipe for mixing along the radial direction at the outlet end of the piston guide cylinder; one end of the superheated steam inlet pipe for mixing is connected to the superheated steam inlet chamber, and the other end extends out of the shock wave guide cylinder and is connected to an external high-pressure steam source. The inlet end of the piston cylinder is an arc-shaped piston end sealing surface, and the outlet end is provided with a piston cover. High-pressure steam is introduced into the inner cavity of the piston cylinder through the superheated steam inlet pipe during mixing to provide external force to the piston cover, thereby driving the piston to move. The arc-shaped piston end sealing surface at the inlet end of the piston cylinder contacts the inner inclined surface of the throat to form a seal.
[0014] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the piston cover has a groove at the center of its axial inner bottom and a diffusion cone at the center of the bottom of the groove; the diffusion cone and the end face of the pressurizing medium conduit are supported and fixed by symmetrically arranged diffusion cones; the bottom of the groove also has an annular channel for superheated steam located on the outer periphery of the diffusion cone.
[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, one axial end of the pressurizing medium conduit is fixedly connected to the center of the outer top of the piston cover by a pressurizing medium conduit fixing plate and is arranged concentrically with the piston cover.
[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the ash removal method of the device is as follows: high-pressure low-temperature liquid CO2 is delivered to the gas storage chamber through the pressurizing medium inlet pipe, and high-pressure high-temperature superheated steam is delivered to the gas storage chamber through the mixed and heated superheated steam inlet pipe. The high-pressure low-temperature liquid CO2 and the high-pressure high-temperature superheated steam are mixed in the gas storage chamber. After being heated, the CO2 expands and pressurizes to drive the piston, which explodes through the annular detonation port. The shock wave generated by the explosion enters the space of the equipment to be cleaned through the shock wave guide cylinder, causing the ash accumulation structure to vibrate and achieving the purpose of ash removal.
[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: This invention utilizes a pressurized medium with thermal expansion for pressurized explosion ash removal. Its structure is rationally and compactly designed, safe, reliable, economical, and practical. It enables continuous, rapid, and multiple explosion ash removal with excellent cleaning effect and high efficiency, and has a wider range of applications. Besides conventional flue gas waste heat recovery systems, this invention, compared to existing combustible gas explosion ash removal technologies, can also remove ash from other flue gas waste heat recovery systems containing combustible gases such as CO, CH4, and H2 (where traditional gas pulse ash removal might cause explosions, but the CO2 thermal expansion method proposed in this invention avoids this problem as it is a physical process without chemical reactions). Therefore, its applicability is broader. Furthermore, by adjusting the CO2 thermal expansion pressure, the explosion intensity can be adjusted, effectively removing not only loose ash in the low-temperature zone but also highly molten and adhesive ash in the high-temperature zone, further expanding its applicability compared to traditional gas pulse ash removal technology.
[0018] This invention utilizes heat exchange between liquid CO2 and superheated steam, causing the CO2 to vaporize and expand upon heating. This gas expansion and pressurization within a confined space drives a piston. When the rear end of the piston reaches and enters the detonation port, a physical explosion occurs in the gas storage chamber and the high-pressure gas inside the piston. The resulting shock wave is transmitted via a conduction pipe to the ash removal equipment (such as a heated tube bundle), achieving the ash removal purpose. This method has the following main characteristics and advantages: (1) Adopting non-chemical explosion cleaning methods increases equipment safety; (2) CO2 and superheated steam are used instead of combustible gases and pure oxygen, which reduces the cost of cleaning the equipment; (3) It generates higher energy shock waves, which is beneficial to improve the dust removal effect; (4) The piston cover connects the pressurized medium inlet chamber and the superheated steam inlet chamber, which can realize continuous and rapid multiple explosion ash removal; (5) Compared with existing combustible gas explosion ash removal technology, the present invention can also remove ash from some other flue gas waste heat recovery systems containing combustible gases such as CO, CH4, and H2; (6) By adjusting the thermal expansion strength of CO2, the present invention can not only remove loose ash in the low temperature section, but also remove ash with strong molten adhesion in the high temperature section. It can not only form a high pressure shock wave under high pressure, but also generate a high frequency oscillation wave. Under high frequency stretching action, the ash with strong adhesion can be removed. Attached Figure Description
[0019] To more clearly illustrate the specific embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the specific embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.
[0020] Figure 1 This is a cross-sectional view of the ash removal device for thermal expansion and pressurization of a pressurizing medium according to the present invention. Figure 2 This is a left view of the ash removal device for thermal expansion and pressurization of a pressurizing medium, according to the present invention. Figure 3 This is a right view of the ash removal device for thermal expansion and pressurization of a pressurizing medium according to the present invention. Figure 4 This invention relates to a pressurized explosion ash removal device utilizing the thermal expansion of a pressurizing medium. Figure 1 Sectional view along line AA; Figure 5 This is a cross-sectional view of the air inlet and explosion chamber of the pressurized explosion ash removal device utilizing the thermal expansion of a pressurized medium according to the present invention. Figure 6 This is a right view of the air inlet and explosion chamber of the pressurized explosion ash removal device utilizing the thermal expansion of a pressurized medium according to the present invention. Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of the piston of the pressurized explosion ash removal device utilizing the thermal expansion of a pressurizing medium according to the present invention. Figure 8 This invention relates to a pressurized explosion ash removal device utilizing the thermal expansion of a pressurizing medium. Figure 7 Enlarged view of region I in the middle; Figure 9 This is a right view of the piston of the pressurized explosion ash removal device utilizing the thermal expansion of a pressurizing medium according to the present invention; Figure 10This is a left view of the piston in the pressurized explosion ash removal device utilizing the thermal expansion of a pressurizing medium according to the present invention.
[0021] In the diagram, 1—Gas storage cylinder; 2—Inlet and explosion chamber; 3—Piston; 4—Pressurized medium inlet chamber; 5—Superheated steam inlet chamber; 6—Inlet pipe for superheated steam after mixing; 7—Throat; 8—Annular detonation port; 9—Pressurized medium inlet pipe; 10—Inlet pipe for superheated steam during mixing; 11—Flange; 12—Gas storage chamber; 13—Gas storage chamber end cap; 14—Fixing rib; 15—Flange; 16—Inlet and explosion chamber flange; 17—Piston guide cylinder; 8—Shock wave guide cylinder; 19—Pressurized medium channel; 20—Pressurized medium inlet chamber cylinder; 21—Pressurized medium inlet chamber end cap; 22—Bevel opening; 23—Explosion chamber; 24—Piston cylinder; 25—Piston end sealing surface; 26—O-ring seal; 27—Metal sealing ring; 28—Pressurized medium conduit; 29—Diffusion cone; 30—Diffusion cone support; 31—Piston cover; 32—Groove; 33—Superheated steam annular channel; 34—Pressurized medium conduit fixing plate. Detailed Implementation
[0022] The technical solution of the present invention will now be clearly and completely described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of the present invention. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0023] The present invention will be further explained below with reference to specific embodiments.
[0024] like Figure 1 As shown in the figure, this embodiment provides a ash removal device that utilizes the thermal expansion of a pressurizing medium to increase pressure and explode, including an air storage cylinder 1, an air inlet and explosion chamber 2, and a piston 3.
[0025] The inner cavity of the gas storage cylinder 1 is a gas storage chamber 12. The gas outlet end is equipped with a gas outlet flange 11, and the gas inlet end is equipped with a gas storage chamber head 13. A superheated steam inlet pipe 6 for mixing and heating is connected through the center of the axial end of the gas storage chamber head 13. The outlet of the gas outlet flange 11 is equipped with a throat 7.
[0026] The air intake and explosion chamber 2 are integrated into one structure, with its inner cavity being the explosion chamber 23. The air intake end is equipped with an air intake flange 16, which is matched and sealed to the air outlet flange 11 of the gas storage cylinder 1. A bell mouth 15 is matched and connected to the air intake end of the air intake and explosion chamber 2 on the air outlet side, and a shock wave guide cylinder 18 is matched and connected to the air outlet side of the bell mouth 15. A piston guide cylinder 17 is matched and connected to the air outlet side of the shock wave guide cylinder 18 near the bell mouth 15. The inner cavity of the piston guide cylinder 17 is a superheated steam intake chamber 5, with the intake end extending into the inner cavity of the bell mouth 15, and the outlet end connected to a pressurized medium intake chamber cylinder 20. A ramp 22 is also matched and opened at the air intake end of the piston guide cylinder 17; the bell mouth 15 and the ramp 22 of the piston guide cylinder 17 form an annular detonation port 8. The piston guide cylinder 17 and the pressurized medium inlet chamber cylinder 20 are both connected to the inner wall of the shock wave guide cylinder 18 by fixing ribs 14, which are used to fix the piston guide cylinder 17 and the pressurized medium inlet chamber cylinder 20 to the inner wall of the shock wave guide cylinder 18. At the end of the piston guide cylinder 17 connected to the pressurized medium inlet chamber cylinder 20, i.e., the outlet end, a superheated steam inlet pipe 10 for mixing is also provided radially. The superheated steam inlet pipe 10 for mixing extends outward from the shock wave guide cylinder 18; the inner cavity of the pressurized medium inlet chamber cylinder 20 is the pressurized medium inlet chamber 4; the pressurized medium inlet chamber 4 communicates with the inner cavity of the piston guide cylinder 17, i.e., the superheated steam inlet chamber 5; a pressurized medium inlet pipe 9 is also provided radially at the outlet end of the pressurized medium inlet chamber cylinder 20. One end of the pressurizing medium inlet pipe 9 extends outward from the shock wave guide cylinder 18, and the other end is connected to the inner cavity of the pressurizing medium inlet chamber cylinder 20, i.e., the pressurizing medium inlet chamber 4, through the pressurizing medium channel 19. The pressurizing medium inlet chamber end cap 21 is equivalent to the closed opening of the pressurizing medium channel 19 and is an integral structure with the pressurizing medium inlet chamber cylinder 20. The inlet of the pressurizing medium inlet chamber 4 is at the top, which is the pressurizing medium inlet pipe 9, and the outlet is on the left, forming an inverted L-shaped channel that connects to the pressurizing medium channel 19.
[0027] The piston 3 is matched and disposed in the superheated steam inlet chamber 5 of the piston guide cylinder 17 and the inner cavity of the pressurized medium inlet chamber 20, which is the pressurized medium inlet chamber 4. It has a hollow piston structure to increase the capacity of the high-pressure gas mixture to be exploded. During detonation, the piston 3 is quickly driven to open by the gas back thrust to improve the detonation effect. The piston 3 has a hollow piston structure and its inner cavity is connected to the gas storage chamber 12 and the pressurized medium inlet chamber 4.
[0028] The piston 3 includes a piston cylinder 24 and a pressurizing medium conduit 28 integrally connected to the piston cylinder 24. The piston cylinder 24 operates between the superheated steam inlet chamber 5, the inlet end of the inlet and explosion chamber 2, and the throat 7. The pressurizing medium conduit 28 operates in the pressurizing medium inlet chamber 4 and communicates with the inner cavity of the piston cylinder 24. The inner cavity of the piston cylinder 24 communicates with the throat 7 and the gas storage chamber 12. The inlet end of the piston cylinder 24, i.e., the end near the throat 7, is open and has an arc-shaped piston end sealing surface 25 at the end. The outlet end, i.e., the end near the superheated steam inlet chamber 5, is provided with a piston cap 31. The radial outer walls at both ends of the piston cylinder 24 are also fitted with O-ring seals 26 and metal sealing rings 27 arranged axially side by side.
[0029] The piston 3 adopts a multi-seal structure. The gap between the piston cylinder 24 and the piston guide cylinder 17 at the near end of the intake side is sealed with a metal sealing ring 27, and the gap between the piston cylinder 24 and the piston guide cylinder 17 at the far end of the intake side is sealed with an O-ring seal 26. The gap between the piston cylinder 24 and the piston guide cylinder 17 at the near end of the intake side located at the throat 7 is sealed with a metal sealing ring 27, and the gap between the piston cylinder 24 and the piston guide cylinder 17 at the far end of the intake side located at the throat 7 is sealed with an O-ring seal 26. When storing gas, piston 3 acts on piston cover 31 under the action of intake pressure (there are two sources that push piston 3 to move to the left: one is the pressure of the pressurizing medium acting on the right end face of the pressurizing medium conduit 28, and the other is the pressure of superheated steam acting on the cover surface of piston cover 31. The driving force F=PS, where P is the pressure and S is the area of action. The force that moves piston 3 comes from the pressure difference between the two ends of piston 3), thereby pushing piston 3 to move. When the arc-shaped piston end sealing surface 25 contacts the inner inclined surface of the throat 7 of the gas storage chamber 12, a new seal will be formed.
[0030] The piston cover 31 has a groove 32 on its axial inner bottom and a diffusion cone 29 in the center of the bottom of the groove 32. The diffusion cone 29 is connected and fixed to the end face of the pressurizing medium conduit 28 by symmetrically arranged diffusion cone supports 30, which is used to accelerate mixing, heat transfer and mass transfer and quickly increase the temperature of the pressurizing medium.
[0031] The bottom of the groove 32 has an annular channel 33 for superheated steam located on the outer periphery of the diffusion cone 29. One axial end of the pressurizing medium conduit 28 is fixedly connected to the center of the outer bottom of the piston cover 31 by a pressurizing medium conduit fixing plate 34 and is arranged concentrically with the piston cover 31. The annular channel 33 for superheated steam is located on the periphery of the pressurizing medium conduit 28.
[0032] The cleaning principle of this invention, which utilizes a pressurized medium for thermal expansion and explosive ash removal, is as follows: High-pressure, low-temperature pressurized medium is delivered to the gas storage chamber 12 through the pressurized medium inlet pipe 9. At the same time, high-pressure, high-temperature superheated steam (380°C-420°C) is delivered to the gas storage chamber 12 through the mixed and heated superheated steam inlet pipe 6. The high-pressure, low-temperature pressurized medium and the high-pressure, high-temperature superheated steam are mixed in the gas storage chamber 12. After being heated, the pressurized medium expands and pressurizes to drive the piston 3. An explosion occurs through the annular detonation port 8. The shock wave generated by the explosion enters the space of the ash-cleaning equipment through the shock wave guide cylinder 18, causing the ash-accumulated structure to vibrate and achieving the purpose of ash cleaning.
[0033] There are three preferred methods for mixed heating: One method is to simultaneously add the pressurizing medium and the superheated steam at the diffusion cone 29 into the gas storage chamber 12, and then pressurize and push the piston 3 to ignite the explosion. The second method involves simultaneously adding a pressurizing medium and a small amount of superheated steam into the gas storage chamber 12, then stopping the addition of the pressurizing medium, and then continuing to add superheated steam at the diffusion cone 29 to increase the temperature of the gas storage chamber 12 and pressurize it, which in turn pushes the piston 3 to trigger the explosion. Thirdly, the pressurizing medium and a small amount of superheated steam at the diffuser cone 29 are simultaneously added and mixed into the gas storage chamber 12. Then, the addition of the pressurizing medium is stopped, and superheated steam at the gas storage chamber head 13 begins to be added (the superheated steam at the diffuser cone 29 can also be opened simultaneously). The heated expansion pushes the piston 3 and then detonates. There may be other heating combinations, such as first adding the pressurizing medium and superheated steam simultaneously, and finally adding the pressurizing medium continuously. After being heated, the expansion and pressurization push the piston 3 to move and then explode. Before the explosion, automatic control technology can also be used to reduce the pressure at the superheated steam inlet at the piston cover 31 (pressure relief), accelerate the movement of the piston 3 to the right, and improve the explosion effect. The principle is preliminary vaporization, the piston sealing end face 25 is sealed with the throat 7, and the mixed gas in the gas storage chamber 12 is heated by low temperature. Upon reaching high temperature and pressure, the piston sealing end face 25 and throat 7 seal open, and piston 3 moves towards the detonation port. An explosion occurs at the detonation port. Immediately after the explosion (or just before, considering the lag in heat exchange time), the superheated steam at the gas storage chamber head 13 is shut off. The valve switch for the liquid pressurized medium channel on the external pipeline connected to the pressurized medium inlet pipe 9 and the valve switch for the superheated steam channel on the external pipeline connected to the diffusion cone 29 and the superheated steam inlet pipe 10 during mixing are opened. After the explosion, the internal pressure of the gas storage chamber 12 and piston 3 is equal to the external atmospheric pressure. Piston cover 31 bears the pressure of the superheated steam at the annular inlet and the pressure of the high-pressure pressurized medium. Under the pressure difference between its two ends, piston 3 is pushed towards throat 7, thus initiating the second explosion cleaning process. Depending on the cleaning effect requirements, at certain intervals, two or more explosion pulse cleaning processes can be continuously initiated.
[0034] This invention uses high-pressure, high-temperature superheated steam (380°C-420°C) as the heat transfer medium, but other high-temperature gases can also be used. The main pressurizing medium is low-temperature liquid CO2, but low-temperature liquid N2 can also be used (preferably liquid CO2 and liquid N2 or other liquid substances with a large thermal vaporization expansion ratio). This invention uses superheated steam as the heating medium and liquid CO2 as the main thermal expansion medium. The heat exchange methods mainly include the following three: Method 1: Superheated steam enters the storage chamber 12 through the superheated steam inlet chamber 5 and then through the piston 3, reaching the maximum pressure of the superheated steam, and then the superheated steam annular channel 33 is closed; then, liquid CO2 is drawn from the high-pressure CO2 storage tank by a high-pressure pump, passes through the pressurizing medium inlet chamber 4 and then through the piston 3 into the storage chamber 12. During the transportation process, the liquid CO2 is depressurized and exchanges heat with the superheated steam inside the storage chamber 12 and the piston 3, vaporizes upon heating, and expands upon heating. The pressure of the sealed space formed by the storage chamber 12 and the piston 3 increases, and the piston 3 moves towards the low-pressure direction, causing a physical explosion through the detonation port.
[0035] Method 2: Superheated steam and liquid CO2 simultaneously enter the gas storage chamber 12 through piston 3, reaching a certain pressure. Piston 3 is in the maximum closed state, closing the pressurization medium channel 19. Then, superheated steam continues to be input. The superheated steam undergoes heat transfer with the previously mixed gas (steam and CO2). With the addition of superheated steam and the expansion of the mixed gas due to heat, the gas pressure inside the gas storage chamber 12 and the piston 3 connected to it increases, driving piston 3 to move towards a low-pressure direction and causing a physical explosion through the detonation port.
[0036] Method 3: Superheated steam and liquid CO2 simultaneously enter the gas storage chamber 12 through piston 3, reaching a certain pressure. Piston 3 is in the maximum closed state, closing the pressurization medium channel 19 and the superheated steam annular channel 33. Then, superheated steam is input through the mixed and heated superheated steam inlet pipe 6 on the gas storage chamber head 13 connected to the cylinder 12 of the gas storage chamber 12. The superheated steam and the previously mixed gas (steam and CO2) undergo heat transfer. With the addition of superheated steam and the expansion of the mixed gas due to heat, the gas pressure inside the gas storage chamber 12 and the piston 3 connected to it increases, driving piston 3 to move towards a low-pressure direction and causing a physical explosion through the detonation port.
[0037] This invention is well-conceived, employing a non-chemical explosion-based ash removal method, which increases equipment safety; it uses CO2 and superheated steam, eliminating the use of combustible gases and pure oxygen, thus reducing equipment ash removal costs; it generates higher-energy shock waves, which helps improve the ash removal effect; and it uses a piston cover to connect the pressurized medium inlet chamber and the superheated steam inlet chamber, enabling continuous, rapid, and multiple explosion-based ash removal.
[0038] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims
1. A device for ash removal using a pressurizing medium with thermal expansion and explosive decompression, characterized in that: The ash removal device includes an air storage cylinder (1), an air inlet and explosion chamber (2), and a piston (3); The inner cavity of the gas storage cylinder (1) is a gas storage chamber (12), the inlet end is connected to external superheated steam, and the outlet end is sealed to the inlet end of the inlet and explosion chamber (2) and is provided with a throat (7); The inner cavity of the air intake and explosion chamber (2) is an explosion chamber (23), and its air intake end is connected to the throat (7); the air intake end of the air intake and explosion chamber (2) is provided with a horn mouth (15) and a shock wave guide cylinder (18) is connected to the air outlet side of the horn mouth (15); a piston guide cylinder (17) is matched and fixed on the side of the inner cavity of the air intake and explosion chamber (2) near the horn mouth (15), and a shock wave guide cylinder (18) is matched and fixed on the air outlet side of the piston guide cylinder (17). The pressurized medium inlet chamber cylinder (20) has a ramp (22) at the inlet end of the piston guide cylinder (17); the horn (15) and the ramp (22) form an annular detonation port (8); the inner cavity of the piston guide cylinder (17) is a superheated steam inlet chamber (5), and the inner cavity of the pressurized medium inlet chamber cylinder (20) is a pressurized medium inlet chamber (4); the superheated steam inlet chamber (5) and the pressurized medium inlet chamber (4) are connected to each other; The outlet end of the pressurizing medium inlet chamber cylinder (20) is connected to the pressurizing medium inlet chamber (4); the superheated steam inlet chamber (5) is connected to an external high-pressure steam source through the superheated steam inlet pipe (10) for mixing. The piston (3) is a hollow piston structure and its inner cavity is connected to the gas storage chamber (12) and the pressurizing medium inlet chamber (4). It runs between the throat (7), the superheated steam inlet chamber (5) and the pressurizing medium inlet chamber (4), and during operation, it is sealed with the inner wall of the throat (7), the inner wall of the piston guide cylinder (17) and the inner wall of the pressurizing medium inlet chamber cylinder (20) through a multi-seal structure.
2. The ash removal device utilizing thermal expansion and pressurization of a pressurizing medium for explosive ash removal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pressurizing medium inlet chamber cylinder (20) and the piston guide cylinder (17) are concentrically connected to each other; The outlet end of the pressurizing medium inlet chamber cylinder (20) is also matched with a pressurizing medium inlet pipe (9) in the radial direction. The pressurizing medium inlet pipe (9) is connected to the pressurizing medium air inlet chamber (4) through the pressurizing medium channel (19).
3. The ash removal device utilizing thermal expansion and pressurization of a pressurizing medium for explosive ash removal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The gas storage cylinder (1) has a gas storage chamber end cap (13) at the air inlet end and a superheated steam inlet pipe (6) for mixing and heating is provided in the center of the axial end of the gas storage chamber end cap (13). The gas storage cylinder (1) is provided with a gas outlet flange (11) at its outlet end; the outlet of the gas outlet flange (11) is provided with the throat (7); The air intake end of the air intake and explosion chamber (2) is provided with an air intake flange (16), and the air intake flange (16) is matched and sealed to the air outlet flange (11) for fixed connection.
4. The ash removal device utilizing thermal expansion and pressurization of a pressurizing medium for explosive ash removal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer circumferential walls of the piston guide cylinder (17) and the pressurized medium inlet chamber cylinder (20) are fixedly connected to the inner wall of the shock wave guide cylinder (18) by fixing ribs (14).
5. The ash removal device utilizing thermal expansion and pressurization of a pressurizing medium for explosive ash removal according to claim 1, characterized in that: The piston (3) includes a piston cylinder (24) and a pressurizing medium conduit (28) integrally connected to the piston cylinder (24); the inner cavity of the piston cylinder (24) is connected to the inner cavity of the pressurizing medium conduit (28); the piston cylinder (24) operates between the superheated steam inlet chamber (5), the inlet end of the inlet and explosion chamber (2) and the throat (7); the pressurizing medium conduit (28) operates in the pressurizing medium inlet chamber (4); the inner cavity of the piston cylinder (24) is connected to the throat (7) and the gas storage chamber (12).
6. The ash removal device utilizing thermal expansion and pressurization of a pressurizing medium for explosive ash removal according to claim 5, characterized in that: The gap between the piston cylinder (24) located near the intake side of the piston (3) and the piston guide cylinder (17) is sealed with a metal sealing ring (27), and the gap between the piston cylinder (24) located far from the intake side of the piston (3) and the piston guide cylinder (17) is sealed with an O-ring (26). The gap between the piston cylinder (24) located near the intake side of the throat (7) and the piston guide cylinder (17) is sealed with a metal sealing ring (27), and the gap between the piston cylinder (24) located far from the intake side of the throat (7) and the piston guide cylinder (17) is sealed with an O-ring (26).
7. The ash removal device utilizing thermal expansion and pressurization of a pressurizing medium for explosive ash removal according to claim 5, characterized in that: The outlet end of the piston guide cylinder (17) is also provided with a superheated steam inlet pipe (10) for mixing in the radial direction; one end of the superheated steam inlet pipe (10) for mixing is connected to the superheated steam inlet chamber (5), and the other end extends out of the shock wave guide cylinder (18) and is connected to an external high-pressure steam source. The inlet end of the piston cylinder (24) is an arc-shaped piston end sealing surface (25), and the outlet end is provided with a piston cover (31). High-pressure steam is introduced into the inner cavity of the piston cylinder (24) through the superheated steam inlet pipe (10) during mixing to provide external force to the piston cover (31) so as to push the piston (3) to move. The arc-shaped piston end sealing surface (25) at the inlet end of the piston cylinder (24) contacts the inner inclined surface of the throat (7) to form a seal.
8. The ash removal device using thermal expansion pressurization and explosion of a pressurizing medium according to claim 7, characterized in that: The piston cover (31) has a groove (32) in the center of its axial inner bottom and a diffuser cone (29) in the center of the bottom of the groove (32); the diffuser cone (29) and the end face of the pressurizing medium conduit (28) are connected and fixed by symmetrically arranged diffuser cone supports (30); the bottom of the groove (32) is also provided with an overheated steam annular channel (33) on the outer periphery of the diffuser cone (29).
9. The ash removal device utilizing thermal expansion and pressurization of a pressurizing medium for explosive ash removal according to claim 5, characterized in that: One axial end of the pressurizing medium conduit (28) is fixedly connected to the center of the outer top of the piston cover (31) by the pressurizing medium conduit fixing plate (34) and is arranged concentrically with the piston cover (31).
10. The ash removal device utilizing thermal expansion and pressurization of a pressurizing medium for explosive ash removal according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, The cleaning method of the device is as follows: high-pressure low-temperature liquid CO2 is delivered to the gas storage chamber (12) through the pressurizing medium inlet pipe (9), and high-pressure high-temperature superheated steam is delivered to the gas storage chamber (12) through the mixed and heated superheated steam inlet pipe (6). The high-pressure low-temperature liquid CO2 and the high-pressure high-temperature superheated steam are mixed in the gas storage chamber (12). After being heated, CO2 expands and pressurizes to drive the piston (3). It explodes through the annular detonation port (8). The shock wave generated by the explosion enters the space of the equipment to be cleaned through the shock wave guide cylinder (18), causing the ash accumulation structure to vibrate and achieving the purpose of cleaning.