Light conversion agent, light conversion adhesive film containing light conversion agent as well as preparation method and application of light conversion adhesive film

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of solar cell materials, and provides a compound A capable of being used as a light conversion agent, a light conversion adhesive film containing the compound A and a preparation method and application of the light conversion adhesive film. The compound A is used for the light conversion adhesive film, so that the light conversion efficiency of the light conversion adhesive film can be improved, and the absorption wavelength of the light conversion adhesive film can be regulated and controlled.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of solar cell materials, specifically relating to a compound A that can be used as a light conversion agent, a light conversion film containing compound A, its preparation method, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] Light-converting films are films that absorb short-wavelength ultraviolet light and convert it into long-wavelength visible light. Their luminous efficiency and absorption wavelength significantly impact the power and reliability of solar cell modules. Currently, TOPCon (tunneling oxide passivated contact) and N-type BC (back contact) modules (e.g., TBC (TOPCon+BC) and HBC (HJT+BC) modules) are increasingly exhibiting ultraviolet degradation issues due to the damage caused by ultraviolet light to their passivation layers. Unlike HJT (heterojunction) cells, the EQE (external quantum efficiency) results of TOPCon and BC modules indicate a high response to short wavelengths. Therefore, directly using an ultraviolet cutoff film would significantly impact the power loss of the module. If existing light-converting films are used, they absorb ultraviolet light below 380nm, similarly affecting the power of TOPCon and BC modules. Therefore, designing a light-converting film that can simultaneously balance the power and stability of both TOPCon and BC modules is crucial.

[0003] Currently used light-converting agents are not specifically designed for TOPCon and BC batteries, nor are their absorption wavelengths and luminous efficiency specifically designed. For example, in patent application CN117700442A, the light-converting agent with an aromatic ring of tert-butylbenzene has a maximum absorption wavelength of 345nm, and the prepared light-converting film can block ultraviolet light below 380nm; however, patent application CN117700442A does not specify the absorption wavelength.

[0004] Therefore, there is a need in the field to design novel light conversion agent systems to improve the power and / or stability of TOPCon and BC battery modules. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned problems in the prior art, this invention proposes a compound A that can be used as a light-converting agent, a light-converting film containing compound A and a method for preparing the same, a solar cell module containing the light-converting film (e.g., TOPCon cell module and BC cell module), and a method for improving the power and / or stability of the solar cell module.

[0006] Specifically, this invention provides compound A:

[0007]

[0008] The present invention also provides a light-converting adhesive film, the light-converting adhesive film comprising compound A and a matrix.

[0009] In one or more embodiments, the matrix comprises one or more of polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl butyral, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyethylene, ethylene polytetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyurethane, polyacrylate, siloxane sol, siloxane gel, polyolefin elastomer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer / polyolefin elastomer / ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer three-layer resin, and silicone.

[0010] In one or more embodiments, the matrix comprises one or more of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin elastomer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer / polyolefin elastomer / ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer three-layer resin, and silicone.

[0011] In one or more embodiments, the mass fraction of compound A in the light-converting film is 0.001%-0.2%, preferably 0.01%-0.2%.

[0012] In one or more embodiments, the thickness of the light-converting film is 300-500 μm.

[0013] In one or more embodiments, the refractive index of the light-converting film is 1.40-1.50.

[0014] In one or more embodiments, the light-converting film further includes additives, which include one or more of crosslinking agents, co-crosslinking agents, light stabilizers, plasticizers, antioxidants, silane coupling agents, and water-absorbing agents.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for preparing the light-converting adhesive film according to any embodiment of the present invention, the method comprising: mixing the raw materials of the light-converting adhesive film evenly, and then molding them to obtain the light-converting adhesive film.

[0016] In one or more embodiments, the molding is a casting process, an extrusion process, or a lamination process.

[0017] The present invention also provides a solar cell comprising the light-converting adhesive film described in any embodiment herein.

[0018] In one or more embodiments, the solar cell includes a tunneling oxide passivated contact cell assembly or a back contact cell assembly.

[0019] In one or more embodiments, the tunneling oxide passivated contact battery assembly includes a tunneling oxide passivated contact cell and a front glass, wherein the light-converting adhesive film is located between the tunneling oxide passivated contact cell and the front glass.

[0020] In one or more embodiments, the back contact battery assembly includes a back contact battery cell and a front glass, wherein the light-converting adhesive film is located between the back contact battery cell and the front glass.

[0021] The present invention also provides a method for improving the power and / or stability of a solar cell, the method comprising: introducing a light-converting adhesive film as described in any embodiment herein into the solar cell.

[0022] In one or more embodiments, the solar cell includes a tunneling oxide passivated contact cell assembly or a back contact cell assembly.

[0023] In one or more embodiments, the tunneling oxide passivated contact battery assembly includes a tunneling oxide passivated contact cell and a front glass, wherein the light-converting adhesive film is disposed between the tunneling oxide passivated contact cell and the front glass.

[0024] In one or more embodiments, the back contact battery assembly includes a back contact battery cell and a front glass, wherein the light-converting adhesive film is disposed between the back contact battery cell and the front glass.

[0025] This invention provides a compound A, which can be used as a light-converting agent. This agent not only improves the light conversion efficiency of the light-converting film but also modulates its absorption wavelength. The agent introduces a monomethyl group at the 5-position of benzotriazole, controlling the aromatic ring selection to tert-butylbenzene. The introduction of the monomethyl group disrupts the symmetry of the molecule, lowering the melting point and improving its dispersibility. Simultaneously, compared to the structure without monomethyl substitution, the electronic and steric effects of the monomethyl group cause a blue shift in the absorption wavelength. The side chains at the 1-N position of both the tert-butylbenzene ring and the benzotriazole ring have four carbon atoms and form a dendritic structure, preventing aggregation-induced quenching and ensuring luminescence efficiency. The monomethyl substituent on the benzotriazole has one carbon atom, ensuring that excessive carbon atoms do not negatively impact its luminescence performance. Compared to current light-converting films, the light-converting film containing compound A has the advantages of shorter absorption wavelength and higher light conversion efficiency, and compound A has a more stable structure. Attached Figure Description

[0026] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a TOPCon battery module containing a light-transfer adhesive film.

[0027] Figure 2 This is a comparison chart of the EQE of HJT batteries and TOPCon batteries.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a comparison chart of the absorption wavelengths of the light-converting films prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.

[0029] Figure 4 The image shows a comparison of the transmittance of light-converting films containing different concentrations of light-converting agents prepared in Examples 1-4. Detailed Implementation

[0030] To enable those skilled in the art to understand the features and effects of the present invention, the terms and expressions used herein are explained and defined in general terms below. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the common meaning understood by those skilled in the art regarding the present invention, and in case of conflict, the definitions in this specification shall prevail.

[0031] The theories or mechanisms described and disclosed herein, whether right or wrong, should not in any way limit the scope of the invention, that is, the contents of the invention can be implemented without being limited by any particular theory or mechanism.

[0032] In this document, the terms “contains,” “includes,” “containing,” and similar terms encompass the meanings of “basically composed of” and “composed of.” For example, when this document discloses “A contains B and C,” “A is basically composed of B and C” and “A is composed of B and C” should be considered as having been disclosed in this document.

[0033] In this document, all features defined by numerical ranges or percentage ranges, such as numerical values, quantities, contents, and concentrations, are for the sake of brevity and convenience only. Accordingly, descriptions of numerical ranges or percentage ranges should be considered as covering and specifically disclosing all possible sub-ranges and individual numerical values ​​(including integers and fractions) within those ranges.

[0034] Unless otherwise specified, percentages refer to mass percentages and proportions refer to mass ratios in this article.

[0035] In this article, the sum of the percentages of all components in the composition is 100%.

[0036] In this document, when describing embodiments or examples, it should be understood that it is not intended to limit the invention to those embodiments or examples. Rather, all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents of the methods and materials described herein are covered within the scope of this invention.

[0037] For the sake of brevity, not all possible combinations of the technical features in each implementation scheme or embodiment are described herein. Therefore, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, the technical features in each implementation scheme or embodiment can be combined arbitrarily, and all possible combinations should be considered within the scope of this specification.

[0038] The light-converting agent in the light-converting film of the present invention includes compound A. The mass fraction of compound A in the light-converting film can be 0.001%-0.2%, preferably 0.01%-0.2%, for example 0.002%, 0.005%, 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.1%, 0.11%, 0.12%, 0.13%, 0.14%, 0.15%, 0.16%, 0.17%, 0.18%, and 0.19%. Controlling the amount of compound A in the light-converting film within the aforementioned preferred range is beneficial to improving the effect of the light-converting film on improving battery power and stability.

[0039] Furthermore, the light-converting film of the present invention may optionally or preferably include additives. Available additives include, but are not limited to, crosslinking agents, co-crosslinking agents, plasticizers, light stabilizers, antioxidants, and water-absorbing agents.

[0040] In some embodiments, the light-converting film of the present invention comprises a light-converting agent, a matrix, and optional additives.

[0041] The refractive index of the light-converting film is preferably 1.40-1.50, such as 1.40, 1.41, 1.42, 1.43, 1.44, 1.45, 1.46, 1.47, 1.48, 1.49, and 1.50.

[0042] Compound A

[0043] In this invention, compound A can be used as a light-converting agent, and the structural formula of compound A is shown below:

[0044]

[0045] Source of compound A

[0046] Compound A can be synthesized through the following steps:

[0047]

[0048] Step 1: Under an inert atmosphere, 10 mmol of 5-methyl-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole, 12 mmol of isobutane iodo, and 30 mmol of potassium carbonate were added to 200 mL of dimethylformamide and mixed thoroughly. The reaction mixture was heated and stirred at 40 °C for 24 h under an inert atmosphere, then poured into ice water and stirred for 30 min. Extraction was then performed with sufficient dichloromethane, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Finally, the product was purified by column chromatography to obtain intermediate 1.

[0049] Step 2: Dissolve 10 mmol of intermediate 1 obtained in Step 1 in 50 mL of acetic acid. Add 25 mmol of N-succinimide bromide in three equal portions under ice bath conditions, then heat to reflux temperature and react for 6 h. After the reaction system cools to room temperature, pour the reactants into a saturated sodium bisulfite solution and stir for 30 min. Then extract with sufficient dichloromethane, dry with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, remove the solvent under reduced pressure, and finally purify by column chromatography to obtain intermediate 2.

[0050] Step 3: Under an inert gas atmosphere, 10 mmol of intermediate 2 and 25 mmol of 4-tert-butylphenylboronic acid were dissolved in 100 mL of toluene. Then, 2 mmol of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(O), 20 mmol of sodium carbonate, and 10 mL of deionized water were added. The mixture was heated to 120 °C and refluxed for 24 h. After the reaction was complete, it was cooled to room temperature, quenched with 200 mL of deionized water, extracted three times with dichloromethane, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated. The target product was purified by column chromatography, yielding compound A. 1 ¹H NMR (400MHz, deuterated chloroform): δ = 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.40 (d, J = 7.5Hz, 4H), 7.30 (d, J = 7.5Hz, 4H), 4.45 (d, J = 7.2Hz, 2H), 2.55–2.45 (m, 1H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 1.33 (s, 18H), 0.88 (d, J = 7.3Hz, 6H); MALDI-TOF result was 453.7.

[0051] matrix

[0052] In this invention, the substrate is preferably transparent to visible light. A substrate with a visible light transmittance ≥ 0.85 is considered transparent to visible light.

[0053] The matrix is ​​made of polymer materials, including but not limited to polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl butyral, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyethylene, ethylene polytetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyurethane, polyacrylate, siloxane sol, siloxane gel, polyolefin elastomer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer / polyolefin elastomer / ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer three-layer structure resin and silicone.

[0054] In some preferred embodiments, the matrix comprises one or more of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin elastomer, a three-layer resin of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer / polyolefin elastomer / ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and silicone. In some preferred embodiments, the matrix may be one or more of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin elastomer, a three-layer resin of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer / polyolefin elastomer / ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and silicone.

[0055] The refractive index of the matrix is ​​preferably 1.40-1.50, such as 1.40, 1.41, 1.42, 1.43, 1.44, 1.45, 1.46, 1.47, 1.48, 1.49, and 1.50. This is beneficial for improving battery power and enhancing the stability of the light-converting film.

[0056] Additives

[0057] The additives applicable to this invention include, but are not limited to, those selected from crosslinking agents, co-crosslinking agents, light stabilizers, plasticizers, antioxidants, silane coupling agents, and water-absorbing agents.

[0058] In this invention, plasticizers, antioxidants, water absorbents and other additives are optional or preferred to be added to the light conversion film, and their dosage can be conventional.

[0059] In some embodiments, the thickness of the light-converting adhesive film of the present invention is 300-500 μm, for example 300 μm, 350 μm, 400 μm, 450 μm, 500 μm.

[0060] Preparation method of light transfer film

[0061] The light-converting adhesive film of the present invention can be obtained by adding the raw materials of the light-converting adhesive film to a mixer for internal mixing, followed by granulation, adding relevant additives, and then casting.

[0062] The internal mixer temperature can be 70℃-120℃, for example 70℃, 80℃, 90℃, 100℃, 110℃, 120℃, and the internal mixer preparation time can be 3-20min, for example 3min, 4min, 5min, 6min, 7min, 8min, 9min, 10min, 15min, 20min.

[0063] In some embodiments, the mass fraction of compound A in the light-converting film is 0.001%-0.2%, preferably 0.01%-0.2%, for example 0.01%, 0.02%, 0.03%, 0.04%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.07%, 0.08%, 0.09%, 0.1%, or 0.2%.

[0064] Solar cell modules

[0065] The module can be obtained by sequentially arranging the patterned glass, the light-converting adhesive film of the present invention, the solar cells (e.g., TOPCon solar cells, BC solar cells), the high-transparency film, and the patterned glass, wherein the side containing the light-converting adhesive film of the present invention is the front side of the solar cells. The module is placed in a laminator for lamination (the lamination process can be to first evacuate at 145°C for 6 minutes, then maintain at 145°C, and then sequentially hold at -80kPa for 60 seconds, -60kPa for 60 seconds, and -20kPa for 600 seconds). After lamination, the module is removed and cooled to room temperature (e.g., 25°C) to obtain a solar cell module (e.g., TOPCon solar cell module, BC solar cell module).

[0066] This invention uses a light-converting film containing compound A to improve the power and / or stability of solar cell modules (e.g., TOPCon modules, BC modules).

[0067] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0068] In this invention, compound A can be used as a light-converting agent. Compound A introduces a monomethyl group at the 5-position of benzotriazole, controlling the aromatic ring to be tert-butylbenzene. The introduction of the monomethyl group disrupts the symmetry of the molecule, which can lower the melting point of the light-converting agent and improve its dispersibility. At the same time, compared with the structure without monomethyl substitution, the electronic and steric effects of the monomethyl group cause a blue shift in the absorption wavelength of the light-converting agent. The side chain carbon atoms at the 1-N position of both the tert-butyl benzene ring and benzotriazole are 4, and they are dendritic structures, avoiding aggregation-induced quenching and ensuring its luminescence efficiency. The substituent on benzotriazole is a monomethyl group with 1 carbon atom, ensuring that its luminescence performance is not affected by an excessive number of carbon atoms.

[0069] Compared with existing technologies, this invention uses compound A as the light conversion agent, which has a stable chemical structure. Compound A can not only improve the light conversion efficiency of the light conversion film, but also control the absorption wavelength of the film. The light conversion film containing this agent has a shorter absorption wavelength and higher light conversion efficiency. Applying the light conversion film containing this agent to solar cell modules (such as TOPCon and BC modules) can reduce the power decay of 210R modules to within 2W, improving the power and stability of the modules.

[0070] The present invention will be described below by way of specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The methods, reagents, and materials used in the embodiments and comparative examples are conventional methods, reagents, and materials in the art, unless otherwise stated. The raw material compounds in the embodiments and comparative examples are all commercially available. The raw materials used to prepare compounds A, 1, 2, 3, and 4 in Examples 1, 3, and 4 were all purchased from Aladdin Reagent Network, and the high-permeability membrane used in Comparative Example 2 was purchased from Foster. The EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) used in the embodiments and comparative examples was purchased from Jiangsu Sirbang Petrochemical Co., Ltd., with a refractive index of 1.48. The POE (polyolefin elastomer) used in the embodiments and comparative examples was purchased from Jiangsu Sirbang Petrochemical Co., Ltd., with a refractive index of 1.49.

[0071] Example 1

[0072] This embodiment 1 provides a method using compound A Light-converting adhesive film and TOPCon battery module.

[0073] The synthesis steps of compound A used in Example 1 are as follows:

[0074]

[0075] Step 1: Under an inert atmosphere, 10 mmol of 5-methyl-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole, 12 mmol of isobutane iodo, and 30 mmol of potassium carbonate were added to 200 mL of dimethylformamide and mixed thoroughly. The reaction mixture was heated and stirred at 40 °C for 24 h under an inert atmosphere, then poured into ice water and stirred for 30 min. The mixture was then extracted with sufficient dichloromethane, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. Finally, the product was purified by column chromatography to obtain intermediate 1.

[0076] Step 2: Dissolve 10 mmol of intermediate 1 obtained in Step 1 in 50 mL of acetic acid. Add 25 mmol of N-succinimide bromide in three equal portions under ice bath conditions, then heat to reflux temperature and react for 6 h. After the reaction system cools to room temperature, pour the reactants into a saturated sodium bisulfite solution and stir for 30 min. Then extract with sufficient dichloromethane, dry with anhydrous magnesium sulfate, remove the solvent under reduced pressure, and finally purify by column chromatography to obtain intermediate 2.

[0077] Step 3: Under an inert gas atmosphere, 10 mmol of intermediate 2 and 25 mmol of 4-tert-butylphenylboronic acid were dissolved in 100 mL of toluene. Then, 2 mmol of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(O), 20 mmol of sodium carbonate, and 10 mL of deionized water were added. The mixture was heated to 120 °C and refluxed for 24 h. After the reaction was completed, it was cooled to room temperature, quenched with 200 mL of deionized water, extracted three times with dichloromethane, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, and the solvent was evaporated. The target product was purified by column chromatography to finally obtain compound A. 1 ¹H NMR (400MHz, deuterated chloroform): δ = 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.40 (d, J = 7.5Hz, 4H), 7.30 (d, J = 7.5Hz, 4H), 4.45 (d, J = 7.2Hz, 2H), 2.55–2.45 (m, 1H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 1.33 (s, 18H), 0.88 (d, J = 7.3Hz, 6H); MALDI-TOF result was 453.7.

[0078] In this embodiment, the light-converting adhesive film is prepared using the following method:

[0079] Compound A and EVA film particles were simultaneously added to a mixer (100℃, 10 min) at a mass ratio of 1:1000, and granulated using a granulator to obtain the light conversion masterbatch. 100 parts by mass of the light conversion masterbatch, 0.1 parts by mass of an antioxidant system (a mixture of 4,4'-butylene-bis-(3-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol) and bis[2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-6-methylphenyl]ethyl ester phosphorous acid in a molar ratio of 1:1), and 0.3 parts by mass of a crosslinking agent system (a mixture of 2-ethylhexyl carbonate tert-butyl peroxide, 2-ethylhexyl carbonate tert-amyl peroxide, and 3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate tert-butyl peroxide in a molar ratio of 2:1:1) were then added. 0.3 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent system (a mixture of triallyl isocyanurate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, and pentaerythritol tetraacrylate in a molar ratio of 1:1:1) and 0.4 parts by weight of a silane coupling agent system (a mixture of vinyltris(β-methoxyethoxy)silane and γ-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane in a molar ratio of 1:1) were mixed evenly, then cast into a film using a casting machine. After lamination using a laminator (150℃, 600s), a light-converting adhesive film with a thickness of 450μm was obtained.

[0080] This embodiment prepares the TOPCon battery module using the following method:

[0081] The module was prepared by sequentially arranging the patterned glass, the light-converting film prepared in Example 1, the TOPCon solar cells, the high-transparency film, and the patterned glass, with the side of the light-converting film facing the front of the solar cells. The module was then placed in a laminator for lamination (first, a vacuum was applied at 145°C for 6 minutes, then maintained at 145°C, followed by sequential holding at -80 kPa for 60 seconds, -60 kPa for 60 seconds, and -20 kPa for 600 seconds). After lamination, the module was removed and cooled to room temperature (25°C) to obtain the TOPCon solar cell module of Example 1. After attaching the frame, the module power was tested using an IV tester. The module was a 210R type, and the TOPCon solar cell efficiency was selected at 25.6%-25.7% for module fabrication.

[0082] The optically convertible film prepared in Example 1 has a maximum absorption wavelength of 325 nm, a maximum emission wavelength of 400 nm, a quantum yield of 96%, and a transmittance of 0.8% in the 280-350 nm range. The TOPCon battery module prepared in Example 1 has a power output of 618.6 W and a UV irradiation capability of 60 kWh / m². 2 The power degradation rate of the downstream components is 0.8%.

[0083] Example 2

[0084] The preparation method of the light-converting adhesive film in Example 2 is the same as that in Example 1, except that compound A and EVA film particles are added to the internal mixer at a mass ratio of 0.8:1000, and the thickness of the light-converting adhesive film is 450 μm.

[0085] The TOPCon battery module of Example 2 is prepared in the same way as that of Example 1, except that the light-converting adhesive film prepared in Example 1 is replaced with the light-converting adhesive film prepared in Example 2.

[0086] The optically convertible film prepared in Example 2 has a maximum absorption wavelength of 325 nm, a maximum emission wavelength of 400 nm, a quantum yield of 95%, and a transmittance of 10.1% in the 280-350 nm range. The TOPCon battery module prepared in Example 1 has a power output of 618.9 W and a UV irradiation capacity of 60 kWh / m². 2 The power attenuation rate of the rear components is 1.0%.

[0087] Example 3

[0088] The preparation method of the light-converting adhesive film in Example 3 is the same as that in Example 1, except that compound A and EVA film particles are added to the internal mixer at a mass ratio of 0.5:1000, and the thickness of the light-converting adhesive film is 450 μm.

[0089] The TOPCon battery module of Example 3 is prepared in the same way as that of Example 1, except that the light-converting adhesive film prepared in Example 1 is replaced with the light-converting adhesive film prepared in Example 3.

[0090] The optically convertible film prepared in Example 3 has a maximum absorption wavelength of 325 nm, a maximum emission wavelength of 400 nm, a quantum yield of 95%, and a transmittance of 14.0% in the 280-350 nm range. The TOPCon battery module prepared in Example 3 has a power output of 619.5 W and a UV irradiation capability of 60 kWh / m². 2 The power attenuation rate of the downstream components is 1.3%.

[0091] Example 4

[0092] The preparation method of the light-converting adhesive film in Example 4 is the same as that in Example 1, except that compound A and EVA film particles are added to the internal mixer at a mass ratio of 0.2:1000, and the thickness of the light-converting adhesive film is 450 μm.

[0093] The TOPCon battery module of Example 4 was prepared in the same way as that of Example 1, except that the light-converting adhesive film prepared in Example 1 was replaced with the light-converting adhesive film prepared in Example 4.

[0094] The optically convertible film prepared in Example 4 has a maximum absorption wavelength of 325 nm, a maximum emission wavelength of 400 nm, a quantum yield of 96%, and a transmittance of 30.4% in the 280-350 nm range. The TOPCon battery module prepared in Example 4 has a power output of 619.5 W and a UV irradiation capability of 60 kWh / m². 2 The power degradation rate of the downstream components is 1.8%.

[0095] Example 5

[0096] The preparation method of the light-converting film in Example 5 is the same as that in Example 1, except that compound A and POE film particles are added to the internal mixer at a mass ratio of 0.5:1000, and the thickness of the light-converting film is 500 μm.

[0097] The TOPCon battery module of Example 5 was prepared in the same way as that of Example 1, except that the light-converting adhesive film prepared in Example 1 was replaced with the light-converting adhesive film prepared in Example 5.

[0098] The optically convertible film prepared in Example 5 has a maximum absorption wavelength of 325 nm, a maximum emission wavelength of 400 nm, a quantum yield of 95%, and a transmittance of 16.6% in the 280-350 nm range. The TOPCon battery module prepared in Example 1 has a power output of 619.2 W and a UV irradiation capacity of 60 kWh / m². 2 The power attenuation rate of the downstream components is 1.4%.

[0099] Comparative Example 1

[0100] Comparative Example 1 provides a compound 2 The light-converting film and TOPCon battery module used in Comparative Example 1 are synthesized using the same steps as those in Example 1, except that 5-methyl-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole in the first step is replaced with 2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole.

[0101] Compound 2 synthesized in Comparative Example 1 1 ¹H NMR (400MHz, deuterated chloroform): δ = 7.99 (d, J = 7.7Hz, 4H), 7.55 (s, 2H), 7.05 (d, J = 7.6Hz, 4H), 4.41 (d, J = 7.3Hz, 2H), 2.05–1.95 (m, 1H), 1.33 (s, 18H), 0.91 (d, J = 7.3Hz, 6H); MALDI-TOF result was 439.6.

[0102] The preparation method of the light-converting adhesive film of Comparative Example 1 is the same as that of Example 1, except that the compound 2 prepared in Comparative Example 1 and the EVA adhesive film particles are added to the internal mixer at a mass ratio of 1:1000, and the thickness of the light-converting adhesive film is 450 μm.

[0103] The TOPCon battery module of Comparative Example 1 was prepared in the same way as in Example 1, except that the light-converting adhesive film prepared in Example 1 was replaced with the light-converting adhesive film prepared in Comparative Example 1.

[0104] The optically conductive film of Comparative Example 1 exhibits a maximum absorption wavelength of 345 nm, a maximum emission wavelength of 420 nm, a quantum yield of 93%, and a transmittance of 8.7% in the 280-380 nm range. The TOPCon solar cell module prepared in Comparative Example 1 has a power output of 617.5 W and withstands UV irradiation of 60 kWh / m². 2 The power degradation rate of the downstream components is 0.8%.

[0105] Comparative Example 2

[0106] The encapsulant film for Comparative Example 2 is an existing high-transparency film (Foster EP304).

[0107] The TOPCon battery module of Comparative Example 2 was prepared in the same way as in Example 1, except that the light-converting film prepared in Example 1 was replaced with the high-transmittance film (Foster EP304) used in Comparative Example 2.

[0108] The high-transmittance membrane prepared in Comparative Example 2 has a transmittance of 85.6% in the 280-350 nm range, a power of 620.5 W, and is irradiated by 60 kWh / m² UV light. 2 The power degradation rate of the downstream components is 2.4%.

[0109] Comparative Example 3

[0110] Comparative Example 3 provides a compound 1 The light-converting film and TOPCon battery module used in Comparative Example 3 were synthesized using the same steps as those in Example 1, except that the 5-methyl-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole in the first step was replaced with 5-butyl-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole.

[0111] Compound 1 synthesized in Comparative Example 3 1 ¹H NMR (400MHz, deuterated chloroform): δ = 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.45 (d, J = 7.5Hz, 4H), 7.30 (d, J = 7.5Hz, 4H), 4.45 (d, J = 7.2Hz, 2H), 2.55–2.45 (m, 1H), 2.42 (t, J = 8.5Hz, 2H), 1.65–1.55 (m, 2H), 1.37–1.27 (m, 20H), 0.93–0.85 (m, 9H); MALDI-TOF result: 495.8.

[0112] The preparation method of the light-converting adhesive film of Comparative Example 3 is the same as that of Example 1, except that the compound 1 prepared in Comparative Example 3 and the EVA adhesive film particles are added to the internal mixer at a mass ratio of 1:1000, and the thickness of the light-converting adhesive film is 450 μm.

[0113] The TOPCon battery module of Comparative Example 3 was prepared in the same way as in Example 1, except that the light-converting adhesive film prepared in Example 1 was replaced with the light-converting adhesive film prepared in Comparative Example 3.

[0114] The optically conductive film prepared in Comparative Example 3 has a maximum absorption wavelength of 325 nm, a maximum emission wavelength of 400 nm, a quantum yield of 75%, and a transmittance of 1.0% in the 280-350 nm range. The TOPCon solar cell module prepared in Comparative Example 3 has a power output of 615.3 W and withstands UV irradiation of 60 kWh / m². 2 The power degradation rate of the rear components is 0.9%.

[0115] Comparative Example 4

[0116] Comparative Example 4 provides a compound 3 The light-converting film and TOPCon battery module used in Comparative Example 4 are synthesized using the same steps as those in Example 1, except that 4-tert-butylphenylboronic acid in the third step is replaced with 4-n-butylphenylboronic acid.

[0117] Compound 3 synthesized in Comparative Example 4 1¹H NMR (400MHz, deuterated chloroform): δ = 7.90 (s, 1H), 7.40 (d, J = 7.5Hz, 4H), 7.30 (d, J = 7.5Hz, 4H), 4.45 (d, J = 7.2Hz, 2H), 2.65 (t, J = 8.2Hz, 4H), 2.55–2.45 (m, 1H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 1.58–1.48 (m, 4H), 1.37–1.27 (m, 4H), 0.95–0.85 (m, 12H); MALDI-TOF result: 453.7.

[0118] The preparation method of the light-converting adhesive film of Comparative Example 4 is the same as that of Example 1, except that the compound 3 prepared in Comparative Example 4 and the EVA adhesive film particles are added to the internal mixer at a mass ratio of 1:1000, and the thickness of the light-converting adhesive film is 450 μm.

[0119] The TOPCon battery module of Comparative Example 4 was prepared in the same way as in Example 1, except that the light-converting adhesive film prepared in Example 1 was replaced with the light-converting adhesive film prepared in Comparative Example 4.

[0120] The optically conductive film prepared in Comparative Example 4 has a maximum absorption wavelength of 325 nm, a maximum emission wavelength of 400 nm, a quantum yield of 70%, and a transmittance of 1.2% in the 280-350 nm range. The TOPCon battery module prepared in Comparative Example 4 has a power output of 615.0 W and a UV irradiation capacity of 60 kWh / m². 2 The power degradation rate of the rear components is 0.9%.

[0121] Comparative Example 5

[0122] Comparative Example 5 provides a compound 4 The light-converting film and TOPCon battery module used in Comparative Example 5 were synthesized using the same steps as those in Example 1, except that 5-methyl-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole in the first step was replaced with 5-fluoro-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole.

[0123] Compound 3 synthesized in Comparative Example 5 1 ¹H NMR (400MHz, deuterated chloroform): δ = 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.41 (d, J = 7.3Hz, 4H), 7.30 (d, J = 7.5Hz, 4H), 4.45 (d, J = 7.2Hz, 2H), 2.55–2.45 (m, 1H), 1.33 (s, 18H), 0.88 (d, J = 7.3Hz, 6H); MALDI-TOF result: 457.6.

[0124] The preparation method of the light-converting adhesive film of Comparative Example 5 is the same as that of Example 1, except that the compound 4 prepared in Comparative Example 5 and the EVA adhesive film particles are added to the internal mixer at a mass ratio of 1:1000, and the thickness of the light-converting adhesive film is 450 μm.

[0125] The TOPCon battery module of Comparative Example 5 was prepared in the same way as in Example 1, except that the light-converting adhesive film prepared in Example 1 was replaced with the light-converting adhesive film prepared in Comparative Example 5.

[0126] The optically conductive film prepared in Comparative Example 5 had a maximum absorption wavelength of 335 nm, a maximum emission wavelength of 410 nm, a quantum yield of 94%, and a transmittance of 1.1% in the 280-370 nm range. The TOPCon solar cell module prepared in Comparative Example 5 had a power output of 618.0 W and a UV irradiation capacity of 60 kWh / m². 2 The power attenuation rate of the rear components is 1.0%.

[0127] Test case

[0128] I. Photophysical property testing:

[0129] The test method for the absorption wavelength of the light-transfer film in all examples and comparative examples was as follows: the light-transfer film after lamination (150°C, 600s) was tested using a UV spectrophotometer.

[0130] The quantum yield and emission wavelength of the photoconverting films in all examples and comparative examples were tested using an Edinburgh FLS1000 fluorescence spectrometer after lamination in a laminator (150°C, 600s).

[0131] The transmittance test method for the light-converting adhesive film in all embodiments is as follows: after laminating a layer of glass and a layer of light-converting adhesive film using a laminator (150°C, 600s), the transmittance is tested using a fiber optic spectrometer with the incident light direction being the glass surface.

[0132] II. Component UV Testing Conditions:

[0133] To evaluate the performance of the TOPCon solar cell modules and illustrate the effectiveness of the invention, power tests were performed on the TOPCon solar cell modules in each embodiment and comparative example. The power test conditions were as follows: the power of the solar cell modules was tested using a Pasan IV testing machine, and the UV2000 ultraviolet aging chamber from Shanghai Eryuan Testing Equipment Co., Ltd. was used at 60°C and an irradiation power of 180 W / m². 2 Irradiation dose 60 kWh / m 2 Irradiation is performed under specific conditions. After irradiation, the power difference before and after irradiation is compared to determine the power attenuation ratio. Power attenuation ratio = (Power after irradiation - Initial power) / Initial power * 100%.

[0134] The test structures of Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-5 are shown in Table 1.

[0135] A schematic diagram of a TOPCon battery module containing a light-converting adhesive film is shown below. Figure 1 As shown; HJT battery and TOPCon battery EQE comparison, for example Figure 2 As shown; the absorption wavelengths of the optically convertible films prepared in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 are as follows: Figure 3 As shown in the figure; the transmittance comparison diagram of the light-converting films containing different contents of light-converting agent prepared in Examples 1-4 is shown in the figure. Figure 4 As shown.

[0136] Table 1: Performance test results of light-converting adhesive films and components in Examples 1-5 and Comparative Examples 1-5

[0137]

[0138] It should be noted that, as Figure 2 The chart compares the EQE of HJT and TOPCon cells. Because TOPCon cells have a higher short-wavelength response than HJT cells, the light transfer film does not significantly increase the power of TOPCon modules; in fact, it results in power loss. Using the light transfer film with the current maximum absorption wavelength of 345nm results in a power loss of approximately 3W. After a blue shift of the absorption wavelength to 325nm, while ensuring reduced UV transmittance (with a blending ratio of light transfer agent to film particles ≥1:1000), the initial power loss can be reduced to less than 2W.

[0139] Furthermore, as can be seen from Examples 1-4 in Table 1, when the proportion of compound A as the light-converting agent decreases, the UV attenuation will gradually increase as the proportion of the added light-converting agent decreases due to the weakened ability to shield against ultraviolet light.

[0140] Furthermore, when the light conversion agent is selected to contain a longer carbon chain, such as butyl-substituted benzotriazole in Comparative Example 3, the carbon chain is extended, its free movement ability is enhanced, and the absorbed short-wave energy will be dissipated in the form of heat, thereby reducing the light conversion efficiency and affecting the initial power of the module.

[0141] As can be seen from Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 in Table 1, when there is no substituent at position 5 of benzotriazole, the maximum excitation wavelength is 345 nm and the maximum emission wavelength is 420 nm, which affects the initial power of the module.

[0142] As can be seen from Example 1 and Comparative Example 4 in Table 1, when the substituents on both sides of the benzene ring of benzotriazole are n-butyl, the quantum yield decreases, the light conversion efficiency decreases, and the initial power of the module decreases.

[0143] As can be seen from Example 1 and Comparative Example 5 in Table 1, when the substituent at position 5 of benzotriazole is fluorine, the maximum excitation wavelength is 335 nm and the maximum emission wavelength is 410 nm, which affects the initial power of the component.

Claims

1. Compound A:

2. A light-converting adhesive film, characterized in that, The light-converting film comprises a light-converting agent and a matrix, wherein the light-converting agent comprises compound A as described in claim 1.

3. The light-converting adhesive film as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The matrix comprises one or more of the following: polyethylene terephthalate, polyvinyl butyral, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyethylene, ethylene polytetrafluoroethylene, polyimide, polycarbonate, polystyrene, polyurethane, polyacrylate, siloxane sol, siloxane gel, polyolefin elastomer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer / polyolefin elastomer / ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer three-layer structure resin, and silicone. Preferably, the matrix comprises one or more of the following: ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyolefin elastomer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer / polyolefin elastomer / ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer three-layer resin, and silicone.

4. The light-converting adhesive film as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The mass fraction of compound A in the optically conductive film is 0.001%-0.2%, preferably 0.01%-0.2%.

5. The light-converting adhesive film as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The thickness of the light-converting film is 300-500 μm.

6. The light-converting adhesive film as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The refractive index of the optically convertible film is 1.40-1.

50.

7. The light-converting adhesive film as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The light-converting adhesive film also includes additives, which include one or more of the following: crosslinking agent, co-crosslinking agent, light stabilizer, plasticizer, antioxidant, silane coupling agent, and water-absorbing agent.

8. A method for preparing the light-transfer adhesive film according to any one of claims 2-7, characterized in that, The method includes: mixing the raw materials of the light-converting adhesive film evenly, and then molding them to obtain the light-converting adhesive film.

9. The method as described in claim 8, characterized in that, The forming process is film casting, film extrusion, or film lamination.

10. A solar cell comprising the light-converting adhesive film according to any one of claims 2-7.

11. The solar cell as claimed in claim 10, characterized in that, The solar cell includes a tunnel oxide passivated contact cell assembly or a back contact cell assembly.

12. The solar cell as claimed in claim 11, characterized in that, The tunneling oxide passivated contact solar cell assembly includes a tunneling oxide passivated contact solar cell and a front glass, wherein the light-converting adhesive film is located between the tunneling oxide passivated contact solar cell and the front glass; The back contact battery assembly includes a back contact battery cell and a front glass, with the light-converting adhesive film located between the back contact battery cell and the front glass.

13. A method for improving the power and / or stability of a solar cell, characterized in that, The method includes introducing the light-converting adhesive film according to any one of claims 2-7 into the solar cell.

14. The method as described in claim 13, characterized in that, The solar cell includes a tunnel oxide passivated contact cell assembly or a back contact cell assembly.

15. The method as described in claim 14, characterized in that, The tunneling oxide passivated contact battery assembly includes a tunneling oxide passivated contact battery cell and a front glass, wherein the light-converting adhesive film is disposed between the tunneling oxide passivated contact battery cell and the front glass; The back contact battery assembly includes a back contact battery cell and a front glass, and the light-converting adhesive film is disposed between the back contact battery cell and the front glass.

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