Mountain cutting device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of mountain cutting, and particularly discloses a mountain cutting device which comprises an excavator, a drilling machine is arranged at the front end of the excavator, a drilling rod is arranged at the bottom of the drilling machine, and a spraying barrel is arranged on the surface of the drilling machine; the springback device is arranged on the side edge, a scale indication block is arranged on the surface of the springback device, the scale indication block is connected with the sliding piece, the hardness of the ground is monitored through the springback device, the hardness is displayed through the scale indication block, the hardness of the stratum is directly sensed through the springback device, and the rotating speed and drilling pressure of the drill bit are synchronously and adaptively adjusted; the operation adaptability and efficiency of the equipment under complex geological conditions are remarkably improved, the bit pressure is automatically increased in a hard rock stratum, the rotating speed is optimized, and effective crushing is ensured; and in a soft soil layer, the drilling pressure is reduced, the rotating speed is adjusted, the drill bit is prevented from being inserted too fast or slipping, efficient drilling with the strategy of applying on the ground is achieved, and the construction time is greatly shortened.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of mountain opening, in particular to a mountain opening device. BACKGROUND

[0002] In mountain opening engineering such as mine exploitation, tunneling, blasting operation, etc., a large amount of dust is generated by rock breaking, which not only seriously pollutes the working environment and harms the respiratory health of workers, but also may cause safety accidents such as dust explosion. In order to control the dust raising, a spray dust-settling device is generally used at present, which sprays water mist to the working area, so that the dust particles collide with the mist droplets, are adsorbed and settled, thereby reducing the dust concentration in the air. In the fields of mine exploitation, foundation construction, geological exploration and municipal engineering, excavators equipped with drilling machines are widely used for rock breaking, pile hole forming and other operations. The traditional drilling equipment usually adopts fixed or manually adjusted drilling pressure and rotating speed parameters. The operator needs to preset the gear according to experience and frequently observes the drilling state during the construction process to manually adjust the hydraulic output or motor rotating speed. However, the actual stratum often has high heterogeneity, i.e. soft soil, sand layer, weathered rock and even hard bedrock may appear alternately in the same drilling path. It is difficult for fixed parameters to meet the requirements of different working conditions.

[0003] When the drill bit enters the hard stratum, if the drilling pressure is insufficient or the rotating speed is too high, the drill bit is easy to slip, idle and even break teeth, which not only is low in efficiency, but also accelerates the wear of the drilling tool. On the contrary, if high drilling pressure is maintained in the soft stratum, the drill rod will be quickly driven into the ground due to small penetration resistance, which easily causes the drill to be stuck, the hole to be deviated, and even the whole machine to be unstable and tilted forward, which has serious safety hazards. In addition, continuous high-load operation will also cause the hydraulic system to frequently overflow, resulting in energy waste and oil temperature rise, which affects the reliability of the equipment. Moreover, the existing dust-settling equipment mostly adopts a nozzle structure with fixed hole diameter, the particle size and flow rate of the sprayed water mist are constant, which cannot adapt to the dynamic changes of the dust particle size distribution under different working conditions, generally lacks real-time sensing and response mechanism for dust characteristics, cannot establish a closed-loop linkage of "dust state-spray parameter", and leads to lagging or inaccurate dust-settling strategy. Therefore, we propose a mountain opening device. SUMMARY

[0004] The purpose of the present application is to provide a mountain opening device to solve the problems that the existing excavator drilling machine adopts fixed or manually adjusted rotating speed and drilling pressure, cannot automatically match the parameters according to the hardness of the stratum, leads to low drilling efficiency in hard ground, easy sticking of the drill in soft ground or instability, high-end electric control scheme has high cost and poor reliability, is difficult to stably operate under complex working conditions, and the particle size and flow rate of the sprayed water mist are constant, which cannot adapt to the dynamic changes of the dust particle size distribution under different working conditions.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present application provides the following technical scheme: A mountain opening device, comprising an excavator, a drilling machine is arranged at the front end of the excavator, and a drill rod is arranged at the bottom of the drilling machine, and a spraying cylinder is arranged on the surface of the drilling machine. Also includes: A rebounder is arranged on the side of the rebounder, and a scale indicating block is arranged on the surface of the rebounder, and the scale indicating block is connected with the slide piece, the hardness of the ground is monitored through the rebounder, and the scale indicating block is displayed through the scale indicating block, when the drill rod drills into different hardness of the stratum, the rebounder generates corresponding deformation, drives the scale indicating block to move along the rebound stroke, and synchronously drives the slide piece to slide on the surface of the slide variable resistance strip; The change of the position of the slide piece causes the change of the resistance value in the circuit, and then the rotation speed and the feed rate of the drill rod are dynamically adjusted through the control system, so that the adaptive drilling strategy of "hard ground slow drilling, soft ground fast feeding" is realized; A third abutting block is connected with the slide piece, and the third abutting block abuts on the surface of the gear plate, when the slide piece moves with the change of the hardness of the ground, the third abutting block is synchronously shifted on the surface of the gear plate, and the corresponding gear switch is triggered according to the abutting position, so that the corresponding drilling machine pressure of the hydraulic system is controlled, when the ground is hard, the rebound amount is small, the displacement of the scale indicating block is small, the third abutting block triggers the high pressure gear, and the axial thrust of the drill rod is increased to maintain the drilling efficiency, when the ground is soft, the rebound amount is large, the third abutting block moves to the low pressure gear, and the down pressure is reduced to prevent the drill rod from being "punched" too fast to cause the pipe sticking or equipment instability; A monitoring assembly is arranged above the spraying cylinder, the monitoring assembly comprises a filter screen, a pressure taking interface one and a pressure taking interface two, and the pressure taking interface one and the pressure taking interface two are respectively located on the two sides of the filter screen, the differential pressure is calculated by monitoring the pressure values at the two interfaces in real time, and the filter screen blocking degree is reflected; A trigger assembly is arranged on the surface of the support, the trigger assembly comprises a rotating rod one, and the side of the rotating rod one is provided with a trigger switch, when the differential pressure rising rate exceeds the preset threshold value, it is indicated that the concentration of coarse particle dust in the air increases suddenly, the system determines that it is a high pollution working condition, and the trigger switch is activated; An adjusting assembly is arranged on the inner wall of the spraying cylinder, the adjusting assembly comprises a hole disc one and a hole disc two, different aperture filter discs are switched according to the trigger signal, the filtering aperture of the spraying system is automatically adjusted according to the dust particle diameter characteristics, the dust suppression efficiency and the water resource utilization rate are improved.

[0006] Wherein, the slide piece is slidably connected on the surface of the slide variable resistance strip, the two ends of the slide variable resistance strip are fixed on the inner wall of the protective cover, and the side of the protective cover is fixed on the surface of the rebounder.

[0007] Wherein, the surface of the gear plate is sequentially provided with a gear switch one, a gear switch two and a gear switch three, corresponding to low, medium and high three drilling pressures.

[0008] The monitoring ends of the pressure tapping interface one and the pressure tapping interface two are inserted in the inside of the filter cartridge and are respectively located at the air inlet side and the air outlet side of the filter screen, so that the differential pressure measurement is accurate and the response is rapid.

[0009] The trigger assembly further comprises a support plate fixed on the surface of the bracket, the surface of the support plate is fixed with an indicating disc, the front end of the indicating disc is fixed with a numerical plate, a rotating rod one is rotatably connected to the center of the inner wall of the indicating disc, the front end of the outer wall of the rotating rod one is fixed with a pointer for directly displaying the current differential pressure level, the rear end of the outer wall of the rotating rod one is fixed with a cam, the upper side of the cam is abutted by an abutment block one, the top of the abutment block one is fixed with a connecting rod, the side of the connecting rod is fixed with a fixed plate one, and the side of the abutment block one close to the cam is provided in a protruding manner, so that the abutment block one is pushed upward by the cam when the rotating rod one rotates.

[0010] The surface of the fixed plate one is fixed with a trigger switch, the upper side of the trigger switch is provided with a fixed plate two, the bottom of the fixed plate two is fixed with an abutment block two for providing a feedback signal in the triggered state, the fixed plate two is fixed on the side of a moving plate, a screw rod is threadedly connected in the inside of the moving plate, the end surface of the screw rod is fixedly connected with the output shaft of a motor, the outer wall of the motor is fixed with a fixed frame, and the end, away from the motor, of the screw rod is rotatably connected with the fixed frame, so that the screw rod is driven to rotate by the motor to drive the moving plate to translate, thereby resetting or linkage controlling the trigger mechanism.

[0011] The inner wall of the spraying cylinder is fixed with a connecting seat, the hole disc one and the hole disc two are arranged on the two sides of the connecting seat, a rotating disc is arranged between the hole disc one and the hole disc two, the rotating disc is rotatably connected with a rotating rod two at the center, the inner walls of the hole disc one and the hole disc two are fixed on the outer wall of the rotating rod two to rotate synchronously, and the inside of the rotating disc is provided with an opening as a water flow channel.

[0012] The top of the rotating disc is fixed with a metal sheet abutting against the surface of an electromagnetic seat, the two sides of the electromagnetic seat are respectively provided with an electromagnet one and an electromagnet two, the metal sheet is selectively attracted by the electromagnets to drive the rotating disc and the rotating rod two to rotate, thereby realizing alignment switching of the hole disc one or the hole disc two with the water flow channel.

[0013] The inner wall of the hole disc one is provided with a hole one, the inner wall of the hole disc two is provided with a hole two, and the diameter of the hole two is greater than that of the hole one, so as to be respectively applicable to fine particle dust low-flow high-atomization and coarse particle dust large-flow strong flushing dust suppression requirements.

[0014] The number of the hole one is twice that of the hole two, under the premise of ensuring that the total flow area is matched, more small holes are used to realize finer water mist spraying, and the capturing efficiency of fine dust is improved.

[0015] The present application has at least the following advantages: The hardness of the stratum is directly perceived by the rebounder, and the rotation speed of the drill bit and the drilling pressure are synchronously and adaptively adjusted, which significantly improves the adaptability and efficiency of the equipment under complex geological conditions. In hard rock layers, the drilling pressure is automatically increased and the rotation speed is optimized to ensure effective fragmentation. In soft soil layers, the drilling pressure is reduced and the rotation speed is adjusted to prevent the drill bit from penetrating too fast or slipping, achieving efficient drilling according to the local conditions and significantly shortening the construction time.

[0016] The system effectively protects the key components of the drilling tool and the main machine. By precisely matching the load requirements, it avoids problems such as tooth breakage, sticking, and hydraulic system overload caused by parameter mismatch, significantly extending the service life of the drill pipe, drill bit, and hydraulic components, reducing unplanned downtime and maintenance costs, and improving the overall operational reliability of the equipment.

[0017] In addition, the entire adjustment process does not require human intervention, and operators do not need to frequently switch gears or rely on experience to judge stratum changes, reducing the dependence on skill levels and improving operational safety, especially preventing the machine from tilting forward in soft soil and suppressing severe vibration in hard rock. The system uses a combination of mechanical linkage and simple electrical control, with a reliable structure and strong anti-interference ability, suitable for harsh construction environments, and has the advantages of intelligence, energy saving, and practicality.

[0018] By monitoring the dust characteristics in real time and dynamically adjusting the spray droplet diameter, the system automatically switches the spray mode according to the particle size distribution of the dust in the air. When fine particle dust is detected in a high proportion, a small aperture nozzle disc is activated to generate high-density micron-level fine mist, effectively capturing suspended PM10, PM2.5, and other fine particles. When coarse particle dust is dominant, the system switches to a large-aperture nozzle disc to output large flow and large droplets, which are accelerated by impact and entrapment for sedimentation. This "dust-specific mist" strategy significantly improves the overall removal rate of dust of different particle sizes, making the dust suppression effect more comprehensive and thorough. Traditional dust suppression equipment often uses fixed-aperture nozzles, which spray at a constant flow rate regardless of the type of dust, leading to water and energy waste. This device only provides matching atomization parameters when needed, avoiding ineffective spraying and significantly reducing water consumption and pump load while ensuring effective dust suppression, especially in water resource-constrained or long-term continuous operation scenarios such as mines and tunnels, with outstanding economic benefits. The differential pressure trend intelligently identifies the type of dust and automatically activates the large-aperture channel in coarse particle conditions, effectively avoiding the problem of micro-hole nozzles failing due to impurities. At the same time, the integrated backflushing cleaning mechanism can automatically clean the filter screen regularly, maintaining the accuracy of the differential pressure monitoring and ensuring the long-term reliable operation of the control system, reducing the frequency of manual intervention and maintenance costs. Dust characteristics during mountain opening operations are affected by various factors such as rock strata, blasting methods, and wind speed, and change frequently. This device can automatically complete the "sensing-decision-execution" closed loop based on the pressure difference change trend without manual judgment or adjustment, realizing intelligent dust suppression under unattended operation and greatly improving the environmental adaptability and ease of operation of the equipment. Highly efficient dust suppression not only reduces on-site dust concentration and protects workers' respiratory health, but also reduces pollution to the surrounding ecological environment, meets increasingly stringent environmental regulations, and provides strong support for the construction of green mines and smart construction sites. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 Enlarged view of region A in the middle; Figure 3 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the spring rebounder and sliding variable resistance bar of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the sliding variable resistance bar and the stop plate of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of the monitoring component of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of the spray cylinder of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of the triggering component of the present invention; Figure 8 for Figure 7 Enlarged view of region B in the middle; Figure 9 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of the connector of the present invention; Figure 10 This is a partial structural cross-sectional view of the perforated disk II of the present invention.

[0020] In the diagram: 11. Excavator; 12. Drilling rig; 13. Support frame; 14. Sprayer cylinder; 15. Drill rod; 2. Monitoring component; 21. Filter cartridge; 22. Filter screen; 23. Pressure tap interface one; 24. Pressure tap interface two; 3. Trigger component; 31. Support plate; 32. Indicator dial; 33. Value plate; 34. Rotating rod one; 35. Pointer; 41. Cam; 42. Pressing block one; 43. Connecting rod; 44. Fixing plate one; 45. Trigger switch; 46. Fixing plate two; 47. Pressing block two; 48. Moving plate; 49. Screw; 5. Adjustment components; 51. Connecting seat; 52. Hole plate one; 53. Hole plate two; 54. Rotating rod two; 55. Turntable; 56. Opening; 57. Metal sheet; 58. Electromagnetic seat; 61. Electromagnet one; 62. Electromagnet two; 63. Hole one; 64. Hole two; 71. Motor; 72. Fixing bracket; 81. Rebound spring; 82. Scale indicator block; 83. Sliding plate; 84. Sliding rheostat bar; 85. Protective cover; 91. Pressing block three; 92. Gear plate; 93. Gear switch one; 94. Gear switch two; 95. Gear switch three. Detailed Implementation

[0021] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0022] Example 1 Please see Figures 1 to 10 The present invention provides a technical solution: a mountain-opening device, including an excavator 11, a drill 12 is provided at the front end of the excavator 11, a drill rod 15 is provided at the bottom of the drill 12, and a spray cylinder 14 is provided on the surface of the drill 12. Also includes: The rebound spring 81 is located on the side of the support 13. The surface of the rebound spring 81 is provided with a scale indicator block 82, and the scale indicator block 82 is connected to the slider 83. The rebound spring 81 monitors the hardness of the ground and displays it through the scale indicator block 82. When the drill rod 15 drills into the strata of different hardness, the rebound spring 81 generates corresponding deformation, which drives the scale indicator block 82 to move along the rebound stroke and simultaneously drives the slider 83 to slide on the surface of the sliding variable resistance bar 84. The change in the position of the slider 83 causes a change in the resistance value in the circuit, which in turn dynamically adjusts the rotation speed and feed rate of the drill rod 15 through the control system to realize the adaptive drilling strategy of "slow drilling in hard ground and fast advance in soft ground". The pressure block 91 is connected to the sliding plate 83 and presses against the surface of the stop plate 92. When the sliding plate 83 moves with the change of ground hardness, it drives the pressure block 91 to slide synchronously on the surface of the stop plate 92. According to its pressing position, the corresponding stop switch is triggered, thereby controlling the hydraulic system to output the corresponding pressure of the drilling rig 12. When the ground is hard, the rebound is small and the displacement of the scale indicator block 82 is small. The pressure block 91 triggers the high pressure position, increasing the axial thrust of the drill rod 15 to maintain drilling efficiency. When the ground is soft, the rebound is large and the pressure block 91 moves to the low pressure position to reduce the downward pressure to prevent the drill rod 15 from "piercing" too quickly, causing the drill to get stuck or the equipment to become unstable. The slider 83 is slidably connected to the surface of the sliding variable resistance bar 84. The two ends of the sliding variable resistance bar 84 are fixed to the inner wall of the protective cover 85, and the side of the protective cover 85 is fixed to the surface of the rebounder 81.

[0023] The surface of the gear plate 92 is sequentially equipped with gear switch one 93, gear switch two 94 and gear switch three 95, which correspond to low, medium and high drilling pressure respectively.

[0024] The rebound spring 81 senses the formation hardness in real time and adjusts the rotation speed and axial drilling pressure of the drill rod 15 accordingly to achieve efficient and safe adaptive drilling operations. The specific working process is as follows: During drilling, the drill bit at the front end of the drill rod 15 impacts or spins into the ground. The ground reaction force is transmitted to the impact rod inside the rebounder 81. The spring inside the rebounder 81 generates different degrees of compression and rebound according to the hardness of the formation. When the ground is relatively soft, such as clay or sand, the drill bit penetration resistance is small and the rebound stroke of the impact rod is long. When the ground is relatively hard, such as weathered rock or concrete, the penetration resistance is large and the rebound stroke of the impact rod is short. This rebound displacement directly drives the scale indicator block 82 to move along the axial direction of the rebounder 81, and synchronously drives the slider 83, which is rigidly connected to it, to slide on the surface of the sliding variable resistance bar 84. The sliding variable resistance bar 84 is a variable resistor element, and its resistance value changes linearly with the position of the slider 83, thereby converting the formation hardness signal into an electrical signal input to the control system.

[0025] The control system dynamically adjusts the output power of the drill rig 12 drive motor based on the resistance value of the sliding rheostat 84. When the ground is soft and the rebound distance is long, the sliding plate 83 moves up to the high resistance zone, and the system reduces the rotation speed of the drill rod 15 to avoid the drill bit "slipping" or the hole wall collapsing due to high speed rotation. When the ground is hard and the rebound distance is short, the sliding vane 83 is in the low-resistance zone, and the system increases the drill rod 15 rotation speed to enhance cutting efficiency and prevent the drill bit from stalling. At the same time, the movement of the sliding vane 83 drives the pressure block 91 to slide synchronously on the surface of the gear plate 92 via the linkage mechanism. The gear plate 92 is equipped with gear switch 1 93, gear switch 2 94 and gear switch 3 95, which correspond to low, medium and high drilling pressures, respectively. When the ground is soft, the rebound stroke is long. The pressure block 3 91 moves to the upper end of the stop plate 92, triggering the stop switch 1 93. The control system reduces the output pressure of the hydraulic system, reduces the axial downward pressure of the drill rod 15, and prevents the drill bit from penetrating too quickly, causing the drill to get stuck or the equipment to tilt forward. When the ground is hard, the rebound stroke is short, and the pressure block 3 91 stays at the lower end of the gear plate 92, triggering the gear switch 3 95. The system increases the drilling pressure to ensure that the drill bit can effectively break hard rock layers and maintain drilling efficiency.

[0026] Through the above dual-path linkage—slider 83 → variable resistance speed regulation + pressure block 3 91 → gear pressure regulation—the system achieves intelligent collaborative control that "the harder the formation, the greater the drilling pressure and the more suitable the rotation speed; the softer the formation, the smaller the drilling pressure and the more optimized the rotation speed." The entire process requires no manual intervention, has a rapid response, and a reliable structure, significantly improving drilling efficiency, extending drill bit life, and enhancing the safety and stability of excavator 11 in complex geological conditions.

[0027] Monitoring component 2 is located above the spray cylinder 14. Monitoring component 2 includes a filter screen 22, a pressure tap 1 23 and a pressure tap 24, with the pressure tap 1 23 and the pressure tap 24 located on both sides of the filter screen 22 respectively. The pressure difference is calculated by monitoring the pressure values ​​at the two ports in real time to reflect the degree of clogging of the filter screen 22. Trigger component 3 is disposed on the surface of bracket 13. Trigger component 3 includes a rotating rod 34, and a trigger switch 45 is disposed on the side of the rotating rod 34. When the rate of increase of differential pressure exceeds a preset threshold, it indicates that the concentration of fine-diameter dust in the air has increased sharply, and trigger switch 45 is activated. When the proportion of fine-diameter dust in the air, such as <10 μm, is high, fine particles can easily penetrate into the micropores of the filter material and form a dense blockage layer, resulting in a significant acceleration of the rate of increase of differential pressure. Conversely, coarse-diameter dust mainly accumulates on the surface, and the rate of increase of differential pressure is slow. Adjustment component 5 is installed on the inner wall of spray cylinder 14. Adjustment component 5 includes perforated plate 1 52 and perforated plate 2 53. It switches between filter plates with different apertures according to the trigger signal, so as to automatically adjust the filter aperture of the spray system according to the characteristics of dust particle diameter, thereby improving dust suppression efficiency and water resource utilization.

[0028] Fine dust particles such as PM2.5 and PM10 have small particle size, light weight, and long suspension time, so they need to be efficiently captured by finer droplets (10–50 μm) through mechanisms such as diffusion, interception, and inertial collision; while coarse dust particles settle quickly, so they are suitable for being directly impacted, entrained, and accelerated to settle by larger droplets (50–200 μm) with high momentum. Matching droplet size as needed maximizes gas-liquid contact efficiency and significantly improves overall dust removal rate. If large droplets are used for fine dust, a large amount of water will evaporate or be wasted due to ineffective dust capture. Conversely, if overly fine droplets are used for coarse dust, they will be easily carried away by the airflow, also reducing utilization. This solution achieves "precise spraying and on-demand water supply," reducing water consumption and pump energy consumption while ensuring dust suppression effect, meeting green construction requirements. In high-concentration coarse particle environments, long-term use of micro-orifice nozzles can easily cause blockage due to impurity deposition. By switching to large-aperture mode, sufficient flow capacity can be maintained, ensuring stable operation of the equipment for a long time and reducing maintenance frequency. The particle size distribution of dust generated in conditions such as mountain opening and blasting changes dynamically with factors such as lithology, humidity, and wind speed. This adaptive mechanism enables the dust suppression system to have "sensing-response" capabilities, automatically optimizing spray parameters without manual intervention, ensuring that it is always in a high-efficiency working state under different working conditions.

[0029] The monitoring terminals of pressure tap 1 23 and pressure tap 2 24 are both inserted inside the filter cartridge 21, located on the air inlet side and air outlet side of the filter screen 22 respectively, to ensure accurate differential pressure measurement and rapid response.

[0030] The trigger assembly 3 also includes a support plate 31 fixed to the surface of the bracket 13, and an indicator plate 32 is fixed to the surface of the support plate 31. A numerical plate 33 is fixed to the front end of the indicator plate 32. A rotating rod 34 is rotatably connected to the center of the inner wall of the indicator plate 32, and a pointer 35 is fixed to the front end of the outer wall of the rotating rod 34 for visually displaying the current differential pressure level.

[0031] A cam 41 is fixed to the rear end of the outer wall of the rotating rod 34, and a pressing block 42 is pressed against the upper part of the cam 41. A connecting rod 43 is fixed to the top of the pressing block 42, and a fixing plate 44 is fixed to the side of the connecting rod 43. The side of the pressing block 42 near the cam 41 is designed to be protruding, so that when the rotating rod 34 rotates, the pressing block 42 is pushed upward by the cam 41.

[0032] A trigger switch 45 is fixed on the surface of the fixing plate 44. A fixing plate 46 is provided above the trigger switch 45, and a pressing block 47 is fixed at the bottom of the fixing plate 46 to provide a feedback signal in the trigger state.

[0033] Fixed plate 46 is fixed to the side of movable plate 48. The movable plate 48 is internally threaded with screw 49. The end face of screw 49 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of motor 71. A fixed bracket 72 is fixed to the outer wall of motor 71. The end of screw 49 away from motor 71 is rotatably connected to fixed bracket 72. Screw 49 is driven to rotate by motor 71, which drives movable plate 48 to move horizontally, thereby realizing the reset or linkage control of trigger mechanism.

[0034] By monitoring the distribution characteristics of dust particles in the air, the droplet diameter of the spray system is dynamically adjusted to achieve efficient collection of dust particles of different sizes. The core of this system is to indirectly determine the proportion of fine dust particles by using the pressure difference change trend of filter screen 22, and to automatically switch the atomization mode through a mechanical-electromagnetic linkage mechanism. The specific work process is as follows: During the mountain-opening operation, dusty air is drawn into the filter cartridge 21 and flows through the filter screen 22 for initial interception. The filter screen 22 is a porous filter material that can trap dust particles of different sizes. Under the action of airflow, dust is deposited on the surface and inside of the filter material, causing the flow resistance to gradually increase. At this time, the pressure tapping interface 1 23 and pressure tapping interface 24 set on both sides of the filter screen 22 collect the pressure values ​​on both sides in real time and transmit the signals to the control system. Since the clogging characteristics of dust particles of different sizes on the filter screen 22 are different: fine dust particles can easily penetrate into the pores of the filter screen 22, causing rapid pressure drop accumulation and a fast rate of pressure difference increase; while coarse dust particles mostly accumulate on the surface, and the pressure difference increases relatively slowly. Therefore, by analyzing the trend of pressure difference change over time, the system can indirectly determine the ratio of fine dust particles to coarse dust particles in the air. When the differential pressure signal changes, the control unit in the indicator panel 32 drives the rotating rod 34 to rotate, which in turn drives the pointer 35 at its front end and the cam 41 at its rear end to rotate synchronously. When the cam 41 rotates, it pushes the pressure block 42 to move upward, which in turn drives the trigger switch 45 to move upward through the numerical plate 33 and the fixed plate 44. At the same time, the motor 71 starts synchronously, driving the screw 49 to rotate. Under the threaded engagement, the moving plate 48 drives the fixed plate 46 and the pressure block 47 to move upward at a constant speed, which serves as a reference speed.

[0035] Under normal pressure differential changes, such as when coarse particles are dominant, the rising speed of the trigger switch 45 is basically synchronized with that of the pressure block 47, and no contact occurs. However, when the proportion of fine particles is too high, causing the pressure differential to rise sharply, the trigger switch 45 is pushed up quickly, and its rising speed exceeds the preset speed of the pressure block 47, thus being triggered by the pressure block 47. This action is identified as a high-pollution operating condition signal of "fine particles dominating".

[0036] A connecting seat 51 is fixed to the inner wall of the spray cylinder 14. Orifice plate 1 52 and orifice plate 2 53 are respectively arranged on both sides of the connecting seat 51. A turntable 55 is arranged between orifice plate 1 52 and orifice plate 2 53. A rotating rod 2 54 is rotatably connected to the center of the turntable 55. The inner walls of orifice plate 1 52 and orifice plate 2 53 are fixed to the outer wall of rotating rod 2 54 and rotate synchronously with it. An opening 56 is opened inside the turntable 55 to serve as a water flow channel.

[0037] A metal plate 57 is fixed on the top of the turntable 55 and presses against the surface of the electromagnetic base 58. Electromagnet 1 61 and electromagnet 2 62 are respectively provided on both sides of the electromagnetic base 58. By selectively energizing the metal plate 57, the turntable 55 and the rotating rod 2 54 are driven to rotate, thereby realizing the alignment and switching of the perforated plate 1 52 or the perforated plate 2 53 with the water flow channel.

[0038] The inner wall of the perforated disc 52 has a hole 63, and the inner wall of the perforated disc 53 has a hole 64. The diameter of the hole 64 is larger than that of the hole 63. They are respectively suitable for dust suppression needs of low flow rate and high atomization of fine particulate dust and high flow rate and strong flushing of coarse particulate dust.

[0039] Once the trigger switch 45 is pressed, the control system immediately energizes the electromagnet 62, causing it to become magnetic and attract the metal plate 57. The metal plate 57 is fixed to the top of the turntable 55. Under the action of magnetic force, the entire turntable 55 rotates around the rotating rod 54. After rotation, the water flow channel opening 56, which was originally aligned with the large diameter of the hole 64 and was suitable for washing coarse particles, is switched to be aligned with the smaller diameter and more numerous holes 63. Since the diameter of the holes 63 is smaller and the number is twice that of the holes 64, the diameter of the water mist droplets output by the spray system is significantly reduced and the density is higher, which can more efficiently capture suspended fine dust and improve dust suppression efficiency.

[0040] After one adjustment is completed, to ensure the accuracy of subsequent monitoring, the control system automatically starts the backflushing cleaning mechanism. When the system detects that the pressure difference across the filter screen 22 exceeds the set threshold or according to the preset cycle, the controller opens the electromagnetic control valve and instantly releases compressed air through the backflushing nozzle to impact the surface of the filter screen 22 in the reverse direction, peeling off the attached dust particles and flushing them into the sewage discharge channel. The entire process can be completed while the equipment is running without stopping the machine for disassembly, achieving rapid and automatic online cleaning, restoring the permeability of the filter screen 22, ensuring the accuracy of pressure difference monitoring and the continuous and stable operation of the system, and performing online cleaning of the filter screen 22. After cleaning, the resistance of the filter screen 22 decreases, the pressure difference drops rapidly, the cam 41 rotates, and the trigger switch 45 and related components gradually return to their initial positions under the action of gravity or the return spring. At the same time, the controller commands the motor 71 to reverse, driving the screw 49 to rotate in the opposite direction, so that the moving plate 48, the fixed plate 46, and the pressure block 47 move down and reset synchronously, preparing for the next monitoring and adjustment.

[0041] Example 2 The number of holes 1 (63) is twice that of holes 2 (64). While ensuring the overall flow area is adapted, more small holes enable finer water mist spraying, thereby improving the capture efficiency of fine dust.

[0042] Under the premise of ensuring that the total flow cross-sectional area of ​​the two sets of perforated discs is basically the same or matched with the water pressure conditions as needed, the perforation 1 63, through a larger number of micropores with smaller pore sizes, enables the water flow to form a water mist with finer particle size, more uniform distribution, and higher coverage density under the same pressure. The fine water mist has a larger specific surface area and stronger Brownian motion capability, which can more efficiently adsorb and capture suspended fine dust particles in the air, significantly improving the suppression efficiency of fine dust particles. In contrast, the large pore size design of the perforation 2 64 is suitable for coarse dust conditions, providing a larger flow rate of flushing spray, preventing nozzle clogging and enhancing the suppression effect on settling dust. The two work together to achieve the intelligent control goal of "matching mist according to dust and precise dust suppression".

Claims

1. A mountain-opening device, comprising: An excavator, wherein a drilling rig is provided at the front end of the excavator, and a drill rod is provided at the bottom of the drilling rig, and a spray cylinder is provided on the surface of the drilling rig; Its characteristic is that it further includes: A rebound spring is located on the side of the drill bit. The surface of the rebound spring has a scale indicator block connected to a sliding plate. The rebound spring monitors the hardness of the ground and displays it on the scale indicator block. When the drill rod enters strata of different hardness, the rebound spring deforms accordingly, causing the scale indicator block to move along the rebound stroke and simultaneously driving the sliding plate to slide on the surface of the sliding variable resistance strip. The change in the position of the sliding plate causes a change in the resistance value in the circuit, which in turn dynamically adjusts the rotation speed and feed rate of the drill rod through the control system, realizing an adaptive drilling strategy of "slow drilling in hard ground and fast advance in soft ground." The third pressure block is connected to the sliding plate and presses against the surface of the gear plate. When the sliding plate moves with the change of ground hardness, it drives the third pressure block to slide synchronously on the surface of the gear plate. According to its pressing position, the corresponding gear switch is triggered, thereby controlling the hydraulic system to output the corresponding pressure of the drilling rig. When the ground is hard, the rebound is small and the displacement of the scale indicator block is small. The third pressure block triggers the high pressure gear, increasing the axial thrust of the drill rod to maintain drilling efficiency. When the ground is soft, the rebound is large and the third pressure block moves to the low pressure gear.

2. The mountain-opening device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slider is slidably connected to the surface of the sliding variable resistance bar, the two ends of the sliding variable resistance bar are fixed to the inner wall of the protective cover, and the side of the protective cover is fixed to the surface of the rebounder.

3. The mountain-opening device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The surface of the gear shift plate is sequentially provided with gear shift switch one, gear shift switch two, and gear shift switch three.

4. The mountain-opening device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A monitoring component is installed above the spray cylinder. The monitoring component includes a filter screen, a pressure tap one, and a pressure tap two. The pressure tap one and the pressure tap two are located on both sides of the filter screen. The pressure difference is calculated by monitoring the pressure values ​​at the two ports in real time to reflect the degree of filter screen blockage. The monitoring ends of the pressure tap one and the pressure tap two are inserted into the inside of the filter cylinder and are located on the air inlet side and the air outlet side of the filter screen, respectively. The surface of the drill rod is provided with a triggering component, which includes a rotating rod and a triggering switch on the side of the rotating rod. When the rate of increase of the differential pressure exceeds a preset threshold, it indicates that the concentration of coarse dust in the air has increased sharply. The system determines that it is a high-pollution condition and the triggering switch is activated. The inner wall of the spray cylinder is provided with an adjustment component, which includes a first orifice plate and a second orifice plate. The filter plates with different orifice diameters are switched according to the trigger signal, so as to realize the automatic adjustment of the filter orifice diameter of the spray system based on the characteristics of dust particle diameter.

5. The mountain-opening device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The triggering assembly also includes a support plate fixed to the surface of the drill pipe, and an indicator plate is fixed to the surface of the support plate. A numerical plate is fixed to the front end of the indicator plate. A rotating rod is rotatably connected to the center of the inner wall of the indicator plate, and a pointer is fixed to the front end of the outer wall of the rotating rod. A cam is fixed to the rear end of the outer wall of the rotating rod, and a pressing block is pressed against the top of the cam. A connecting rod is fixed to the top of the pressing block, and a fixing plate is fixed to the side of the connecting rod. The side of the pressing block near the cam is designed to be protruding.

6. The mountain-opening device according to claim 5, characterized in that: A trigger switch is fixed to the surface of the first fixed plate. A second fixed plate is provided above the trigger switch, and a second pressing block is fixed to the bottom of the second fixed plate. The second fixed plate is fixed to the side of the moving plate. A screw is threadedly connected to the inside of the moving plate. The end face of the screw is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the motor. A fixing frame is fixed to the outer wall of the motor. The end of the screw away from the motor is rotatably connected to the fixing frame.

7. The mountain-opening device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner wall of the spray cylinder is fixed with a connecting seat. The first and second perforated plates are respectively arranged on both sides of the connecting seat. A turntable is arranged between the first and second perforated plates. A rotating rod is rotatably connected to the center of the turntable. The inner walls of the first and second perforated plates are fixed to the outer wall of the rotating rod. An opening is opened inside the turntable to serve as a water flow channel.

8. The mountain-opening device according to claim 7, characterized in that: A metal sheet is fixed to the top of the turntable and presses against the surface of the electromagnetic base. Electromagnet one and electromagnet two are respectively provided on both sides of the electromagnetic base.

9. The mountain-opening device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The inner wall of the first perforated plate has a hole one, and the inner wall of the second perforated plate has a hole two, the diameter of the hole two being larger than the diameter of the hole one.

10. The mountain-opening device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The number of holes one is twice the number of holes two.

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