Sensor, battery and vehicle

Abstract

The invention discloses a sensor, a battery and a vehicle. The sensor comprises a shell and an electric connecting piece, a first air cavity and a second air cavity which are arranged in a separated mode are formed in the shell, and the first air cavity and the second air cavity are configured to have different pressurizing rates under the same pressurizing condition so as to form pressure difference; the electrical connector is configured to cause the sensor to output an electrical signal in response to a pressure difference between the first gas chamber and the second gas chamber. When the sensor is applied to a battery, if thermal runaway occurs to the battery, high-temperature and high-pressure gas generated by the battery can enter the first gas cavity and the second gas cavity, so that a pressure difference is formed between the first gas cavity and the second gas cavity. And the electric connecting piece responds to the pressure difference to promote the sensor to output an electric signal, so that the thermal runaway of the battery is monitored.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery technology, and more particularly to a sensor, a battery, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] A pressure switch sensor is a device used to monitor pressure signals and trigger a switch action when the pressure reaches a preset threshold. It is widely used in industrial automation, hydraulic systems, pneumatic equipment, smart homes, and other fields, serving functions such as control, protection, and alarm.

[0003] When a battery experiences thermal runaway, it generates high-temperature, high-pressure gas inside. This gas can serve as an indicator for monitoring battery thermal runaway. Currently, pressure switch sensors are not suitable for detecting battery thermal runaway using this indicator. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This application provides a sensor, a battery, and a vehicle to at least partially solve the aforementioned technical problems.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, according to a first aspect of this application, a sensor is provided, including a housing and an electrical connector. The housing has a first air chamber and a second air chamber disposed separately inside the housing. The first air chamber and the second air chamber are configured to have different pressurization rates under the same pressurization condition to form a pressure difference. The electrical connector is configured to cause the sensor to output an electrical signal in response to the pressure difference between the first air chamber and the second air chamber.

[0006] In one possible implementation, the electrical connector is configured to cause the sensor to output the electrical signal in response to the absolute value of the pressure difference between the first air chamber and the second air chamber reaching a preset threshold.

[0007] In one possible implementation, the outer casing is provided with a first air inlet communicating with the first air chamber and a second air inlet communicating with the second air chamber, wherein the cross-sectional area of ​​the second air inlet is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the first air inlet.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of ​​the first air inlet to the cross-sectional area of ​​the second air inlet is between 1 / 14 and 2 / 3.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the diameter of the first air inlet is between 3 mm and 7 mm.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the diameter of the second air inlet is between 0.5 mm and 2 mm.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the housing is provided with a second air inlet communicating with the second air chamber, and the sensor further includes a gas suppression membrane covering the second air inlet to reduce the air intake speed of the second air inlet.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the gas suppression membrane is disposed on the exterior or interior of the housing.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the volume of the second air chamber is greater than the volume of the first air chamber.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the sensor further includes: a first electrical connection terminal disposed in the housing for electrically connecting to a controller; a second electrical connection terminal disposed in the housing for electrically connecting to the controller; the electrical connector is configured to electrically connect the first electrical connection terminal and the second electrical connection terminal in response to a pressure difference between the first air chamber and the second air chamber, thereby causing the sensor to output an electrical signal.

[0015] In one possible implementation, the sensor further includes a separator disposed within the housing to separate the first air chamber and the second air chamber, the electrical connector being connected to the separator, the separator being configured to deform in response to an increase in the pressure difference to electrically connect the electrical connector to the first electrical connection terminal and the second electrical connection terminal.

[0016] In one possible implementation, both the first electrical connection terminal and the second electrical connection terminal are located on the side of the separator facing the second air chamber; and / or,

[0017] The electrical connector is located on the side of the separator facing the second air chamber.

[0018] In one possible implementation, the housing includes a shell and a first cover, the shell having a first opening, the first cover closing onto the first opening, the first cover, the shell, and the separator defining the second air chamber.

[0019] In one possible implementation, the first cover is provided with a second air inlet, which is connected to the second air chamber.

[0020] In one possible implementation, the sensor further includes a gas suppression membrane covering the second air inlet to reduce the air intake velocity of the second air inlet, the gas suppression membrane being disposed on the inner side of the first cover.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the housing is provided with a partition that divides the second air chamber into a first chamber and a second chamber. The partition is provided with a connecting hole that connects the first chamber and the second chamber. The partition separates the first chamber and the first air chamber.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the housing further includes a second cover, the housing also having a second opening, the second cover closing onto the second opening, the separator, the housing and the second cover defining the first air chamber.

[0023] In one possible implementation, the housing includes a shell and a second cover, the shell having a second opening, the second cover closing onto the second opening, the separator, the shell and the second cover defining the first air chamber, and the separator and the shell defining the second air chamber.

[0024] In one possible implementation, the second cover is provided with a first air inlet, which is connected to the first air chamber.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the sensor further includes a reset element, one end connected to the separator and the other end connected to the housing, the reset element being configured to store potential energy when the separator deforms in response to an increase in the pressure difference, and to drive the separator back to its original position after the pressure difference decreases.

[0026] In one possible implementation, the housing is provided with a positioning post, and one of the positioning post and the reset member is fitted onto the other.

[0027] According to a second aspect of this application, a battery is provided, including the aforementioned sensor.

[0028] According to a third aspect of this application, a vehicle is also provided, including the aforementioned sensor or battery.

[0029] In the sensor of this application embodiment, when the sensor is applied to a battery, if the battery experiences thermal runaway, the high-temperature, high-pressure gas generated can enter the first and second gas chambers, creating a pressure difference between the first and second gas chambers. The electrical connector responds to this pressure difference, causing the sensor to output an electrical signal, thereby enabling the monitoring of battery thermal runaway.

[0030] Other features and advantages of this application will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0031] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0032] To gain a more complete understanding of this application and its beneficial effects, the following description will be provided in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein the same reference numerals in the following description denote the same parts.

[0033] Figure 1 Schematic diagrams of the sensor structure provided for some embodiments of this application;

[0034] Figure 2 Exploded view of a sensor provided for some embodiments of this application;

[0035] Figure 3 Cross-sectional views of sensors provided for some embodiments of this application;

[0036] Figure 4 Cross-sectional views of the housing provided for some embodiments of this application;

[0037] Figure 5 Schematic diagrams of the structure of the separator provided for some embodiments of this application;

[0038] Figure 6 Cross-sectional views of the separators provided for some embodiments of this application;

[0039] Figure 7 Schematic diagrams of the sensor structure provided for other embodiments of this application;

[0040] Figure 8 Exploded view of the sensor provided for other embodiments of this application;

[0041] Figure 9 Cross-sectional views of sensors provided for other embodiments of this application;

[0042] Figure 10 Structural block diagrams of vehicles provided for some embodiments of this application.

[0043] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0044] 1000 - Vehicles;

[0045] 100-battery;

[0046] 10-Sensors;

[0047] 1-Outer shell; 11-Housing shell; 111-Separation part; 112-Communication hole; 12-First cover; 121-Second air inlet; 13-Second cover; 131-First air inlet; 14-First air chamber; 15-Second air chamber; 151-First cavity; 152-Second cavity; 16-Positioning post;

[0048] 2-Separator; 21-Positioning protrusion; 22-Folded part; 23-Sealing part;

[0049] 3-Electrical connections;

[0050] 4-First electrical connection terminal;

[0051] 5-Second electrical connection terminal;

[0052] 6-Gas suppression membrane;

[0053] 7-Reset component. Detailed Implementation

[0054] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of this application, and not all of them. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the protection scope of this application.

[0055] Barometric pressure switch sensors are typically designed to accept gas pressure at both ends to accommodate both absolute and gauge pressure environments. The pressure difference generated by these sensors arises from the two gases at different pressures connected to their ends; a gas of different pressure is required for them to output an electrical signal. Under the same charging / pressurizing conditions (gases at the same or similar pressures connected to both ends), they will not function properly due to the lack of a pressure difference. Therefore, this type of barometric pressure switch sensor cannot be used to monitor battery thermal runaway.

[0056] In view of this, according to a first aspect of the present application, a sensor 10 is provided, which can output an electrical signal to monitor whether the battery 100 has thermal runaway.

[0057] Figure 1 Schematic diagrams of the structure of sensor 10 provided for some embodiments of this application; Figure 2 Exploded view of sensor 10 provided for some embodiments of this application; Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of sensor 10 provided for some embodiments of this application. Figure 4 A cross-sectional view of the housing 1 provided for some embodiments of this application. (Refer to...) Figures 1 to 4The sensor 10 includes a housing 1 and an electrical connector 3. The housing 1 has a first air chamber 14 and a second air chamber 15 that are separated from each other. The first air chamber 14 and the second air chamber 15 are configured to have different charging rates under the same charging condition to form a pressure difference. The electrical connector 3 is configured to cause the sensor 10 to output an electrical signal in response to the pressure difference between the first air chamber 14 and the second air chamber 15.

[0058] It is understandable that since the first air chamber 14 and the second air chamber 15 have different charging rates, one of which has a faster charging rate and the other has a relatively slower charging rate, a pressure difference can also be formed when the first air chamber 14 and the second air chamber 15 are connected to the same pressure gas.

[0059] The electrical connector 3 can be configured to deform in response to an increase in differential pressure, thereby causing the sensor 10 to output an electrical signal, or to move in response to an increase in differential pressure, thereby causing the sensor 10 to output an electrical signal, or to output an electrical signal in response to a change in differential pressure resistance.

[0060] In this embodiment, when the sensor 10 is applied to the battery 100, if the battery 100 experiences thermal runaway, the high-temperature, high-pressure gas it generates can enter the first gas chamber 14 and the second gas chamber 15, creating a pressure difference between the first gas chamber 14 and the second gas chamber 15. The electrical connector 3 responds to this pressure difference by causing the sensor 10 to output an electrical signal, thereby enabling the monitoring of thermal runaway of the battery 100.

[0061] It should be noted that it is only necessary for the first air chamber 14 and the second air chamber 15 to have different pressurization rates for a short period of time to form a pressure difference and enable the sensor 10 to output an electrical signal; it is not necessary for them to maintain a pressure difference for a long time. In this embodiment, when the sensor 10 changes from an absolute pressure environment to a gauge pressure environment, as the air intake of the first air chamber 14 and the second air chamber 15 increases, the pressure between them will tend to balance, thereby reducing the adverse effects of changes in external ambient air pressure on the sensor 10, making the sensor 10 suitable for both absolute pressure and gauge pressure environments.

[0062] In some embodiments, when the absolute value of the pressure difference between the first air chamber 14 and the second air chamber 15 reaches a preset threshold, the sensor 10 outputs an electrical signal. This configuration can prevent the sensor 10 from erroneously outputting an electrical signal due to pressure differences caused by sudden changes in external temperature.

[0063] In some embodiments, the preset threshold ranges from 0.25 kPa to 0.3 kPa.

[0064] To create a sufficient pressure differential in a short time, one could consider suppressing the charging rate of one of the first air chamber 14 and the second air chamber 15, while increasing the charging rate of the other. For example, the charging rate of the first air chamber 14 could be increased, while the charging rate of the second air chamber 15 could be suppressed.

[0065] The pressurization rate can be controlled by adjusting the size of the air chamber, the size of the air inlet, or by adjusting both the size of the air chamber and the size of the air inlet simultaneously.

[0066] In some embodiments, the housing 1 is provided with a first air inlet 131 communicating with the first air chamber 14 and a second air inlet 121 communicating with the second air chamber 15, wherein the cross-sectional area of ​​the second air inlet 121 is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the first air inlet 131.

[0067] In this embodiment of the application, by controlling the size of the air inlets of the first air chamber 14 and the second air chamber 15, the air intake speed of the first air chamber 14 is made greater than that of the second air chamber 15, thereby making the two have different charging rates.

[0068] It is understandable that by widening the gap between the first air inlet 131 and the second air inlet 121, the difference in their pressurization rates can be increased, thereby causing the first air chamber 14 and the second air chamber 15 to form a pressure difference in a short time.

[0069] In some embodiments, the ratio of the cross-sectional area of ​​the first air inlet 131 to the cross-sectional area of ​​the second air inlet 121 is between 1 / 14 and 2 / 3. This arrangement allows a pressure difference to be quickly established between the first air chamber 14 and the second air chamber 15, while avoiding the adverse effects of an excessive pressure difference on the electrical connector 3.

[0070] In some embodiments, the diameter of the first air inlet 131 is between 3 mm and 7 mm. This configuration allows the first air chamber 14 to have a suitable air intake velocity.

[0071] For example, the diameter of the first air inlet 131 can be 3mm, 3.4mm, 4mm, 4.5mm, 5mm, 5.6mm, 6mm, 6.5mm, 7mm and any value between these.

[0072] In some embodiments, the aperture of the second air inlet 121 is between 0.5 mm and 2 mm. This configuration allows the second air chamber 15 to have a suitable air intake velocity while reducing the difficulty of manufacturing the second air inlet 121.

[0073] For example, the diameter of the second air inlet 121 can be 0.5mm, 0.9mm, 1mm, 1.3mm, 1.5mm, 1.7mm, 2mm and any value between these.

[0074] Reference Figure 3 In some embodiments, the housing 1 is provided with a second air inlet 121 that communicates with the second air chamber 15. The sensor 10 also includes a gas suppression membrane 6 that covers the second air inlet 121 to reduce the air intake speed of the second air inlet 121.

[0075] Although reducing the second air inlet 121 can suppress the pressurization rate of the second air chamber 15, due to limitations in manufacturing technology, the smaller the second air inlet 121, the more difficult it is to manufacture, and it is also not conducive to later maintenance. Therefore, in this embodiment of the application, by setting a gas suppression membrane 6 to suppress the air intake speed of the second air inlet 121, the air intake speed can be further reduced without further reducing the second air inlet 121, thereby further widening the pressurization rate difference between the first air chamber 14 and the second air chamber 15, and thus prompting the two to form a pressure difference in a short time.

[0076] In some embodiments, the gas suppression membrane 6 is a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) breathable membrane.

[0077] In one example, the gas suppression membrane 6 is disposed on the outside of the housing 1 to reduce the difficulty of fabricating the sensor 10.

[0078] In one example, the gas suppression membrane 6 is disposed inside the housing 1 to extend the service life of the gas suppression membrane 6.

[0079] In some embodiments, the volume of the second air chamber 15 is greater than the volume of the first air chamber 14.

[0080] When the same amount of gas is filled into the first gas chamber 14 and the second gas chamber 15, the difference in volume will result in different gas molecule densities. Therefore, the first gas chamber 14, which has a smaller volume, is filled at a faster rate, while the second gas chamber 15, which has a larger volume, is filled at a slower rate. The pressure in the first gas chamber 14 is greater than that in the second gas chamber 15, thus creating a pressure difference.

[0081] When the first air inlet 131 is larger than the second air inlet 121 and the volume of the second air chamber 15 is larger than the volume of the first air chamber 14, the pressure rate difference between the first air chamber 14 and the second air chamber 15 can be increased, thereby improving the accuracy of the electrical signal output by the sensor 10.

[0082] Reference Figure 3 In some embodiments, the sensor 10 further includes a first electrical connection terminal 4 and a second electrical connection terminal 5. The first electrical connection terminal 4 is disposed in the housing 1 for electrically connecting to a controller, and the second electrical connection terminal 5 is disposed in the housing 1 for electrically connecting to the controller. The electrical connector 3 is configured to electrically connect the first electrical connection terminal 4 and the second electrical connection terminal 5 in response to a pressure difference between the first air chamber 14 and the second air chamber 15, thereby causing the sensor 10 to output an electrical signal.

[0083] It can be understood that one end of the electrical connector 3 is in contact with the first electrical connection terminal 4, and the other end is in contact with the second electrical connection terminal 5, so that the first electrical connection terminal 4 and the second electrical connection terminal 5 are in a conductive state, thereby enabling the sensor 10 to output an electrical signal.

[0084] For example, the first electrical connection terminal 4 and / or the second electrical connection terminal 5 are pins.

[0085] For example, the first electrical connection terminal 4 is connected to the controller via a wiring harness, and the second electrical connection terminal 5 is connected to the controller via a wiring harness.

[0086] The controller can be the main control component of the battery management system, responsible for processing data, executing algorithms, and issuing control commands. The controller works in concert with hardware circuits and software algorithms to monitor and manage battery 100.

[0087] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the separator 2 provided in some embodiments of this application. Figure 6 A cross-sectional view of the separator 2 provided for some embodiments of this application, with reference to Figure 5 and Figure 6 and in conjunction with reference Figure 3 In some embodiments, the sensor 10 further includes a separator 2 disposed within the housing 1, the separator 2 separating a first air chamber 14 and a second air chamber 15, and an electrical connector 3 connected to the separator 2, the separator 2 being configured to deform in response to an increase in pressure difference so that the electrical connector 3 electrically connects a first electrical connection terminal 4 and a second electrical connection terminal 5.

[0088] It can be understood that the separator 2 deforms toward the second air chamber 15 under the action of pressure difference, thereby driving the electrical connector 3 to move and realize the electrical connection between the first electrical connection terminal 4 and the second electrical connection terminal 5.

[0089] The material of the elastic diaphragm can be silicone rubber.

[0090] In some embodiments, the separator 2 is provided with a positioning protrusion 21, and the electrical connector 3 is annular and sleeved on the positioning protrusion 21.

[0091] For example, the positioning protrusion 21 is a mushroom head located at the center of the separator 2.

[0092] In some embodiments, the separator 2 has a pleated portion 22 so that the separator 2 can be easily deformed under pressure differential.

[0093] In some embodiments, the separator 2 is an elastic diaphragm.

[0094] In some embodiments, the first electrical connection terminal 4 and the second electrical connection terminal 5 are both located on the side of the partition 2 facing the second air cavity 15. The side of the partition 2 facing the second air cavity 15 has a larger space, and placing the first electrical connection terminal 4 and the second electrical connection terminal 5 on this side can improve space utilization.

[0095] In some embodiments, the electrical connector 3 is located on the side of the separator 2 facing the second air chamber 15, so that the electrical connector 3 has a larger contact area with the first electrical connection terminal 4 and the second electrical connection terminal 5.

[0096] In some embodiments, the first electrical connection terminal 4, the second electrical connection terminal 5, and the electrical connector 3 are all located on the side of the separator 2 facing the second air chamber 15. This reduces the movement path of the electrical connector 3.

[0097] In some embodiments, the housing 1 includes a housing 11 and a first cover 12, the housing 11 having a first opening, the first cover 12 closing onto the first opening, the first cover 12, the housing 11 and the separator 2 defining a second air chamber 15.

[0098] In some embodiments, a second air inlet 121 is disposed on a first cover 12.

[0099] In some embodiments, the gas suppression membrane 6 is disposed inside the first cover 12, thereby concealing the gas suppression membrane 6 within the sensor 10.

[0100] The inner side of the first cover 12 may be provided with a groove for installing the gas suppression membrane 6.

[0101] The first electrical connection terminal 4 and the second electrical connection terminal 5 are disposed in the housing 11. One end of the first electrical connection terminal 4 extends into the second air chamber 15 and the other end extends out of the housing 11. One end of the second electrical connection terminal 5 extends into the second air chamber 15 and the other end extends out of the housing 11.

[0102] Reference Figure 4 In some embodiments, the housing 11 is provided with a partition 111, which divides the second air chamber 15 into a first chamber 151 and a second chamber 152. The partition 111 is provided with a connecting hole 112, which connects the first chamber 151 and the second chamber 152. The partition 2 separates the first chamber 151 and the first air chamber 14.

[0103] The gas introduced from the second air inlet 121 first accumulates in the second chamber 152 and then enters the first chamber 151. The pressurization rate of the first chamber 151 is less than that of the second chamber 152. As a result, the difference in pressurization rates between the two chambers on both sides of the separator 2 is amplified, and a large pressure difference can be formed in a short time. This allows the electrical connector 3 to electrically connect the first electrical connection terminal 4 and the second electrical connection terminal 5, which helps to improve the accuracy of the sensor 10.

[0104] In some embodiments, the housing 1 further includes a second cover 13, the housing 11 also has a second opening, the second cover 13 covers the second opening, and the separator 2, the housing 11 and the second cover 13 define a first air chamber 14.

[0105] A flange may be provided on the housing 11, and the second cover 13 is pressed onto the housing 11.

[0106] In some embodiments, the edge of the separator 2 is provided with an annular sealing portion 23, which is used to seal the gap between the first air chamber 14 and the second air chamber 15.

[0107] Reference Figures 1 to 6 , Figures 1 to 6 In the embodiment shown, the different sizes of the first air chamber 14 and the second air chamber 15 can increase the difference in their charging rates. The different sizes of the first air inlet 131 and the second air inlet 121 can also increase the difference in their charging rates. The second air chamber 15 is divided into a first chamber 151 and a second chamber 152, which can increase the difference in charging rates. With this arrangement, a large pressure difference can be formed in a short time, causing the separator 2 to deform.

[0108] Figure 7 Schematic diagrams of the structure of sensor 10 provided for other embodiments of this application; Figure 8 An exploded view of sensor 10 provided for other embodiments of this application; Figure 9 A cross-sectional view of sensor 10 provided for other embodiments of this application, with reference to Figures 7 to 9 In other embodiments, the outer casing 1 includes a housing 11 and a second cover 13, the housing 11 having a second opening, the second cover 13 covering the second opening, the partition 2, the housing 11 and the second cover 13 defining a first air chamber 14, and the partition 2 and the housing 11 defining a second air chamber 15.

[0109] Reference Figures 6 to 7 The gas suppression membrane 6 can be disposed on the outer surface of the housing 1.

[0110] In some embodiments, a first air inlet 131 is disposed on a second cover 13.

[0111] In some embodiments, the sensor 10 further includes a reset member 7, one end of which is connected to the separator 2 and the other end of which is connected to the housing 1. The reset member 7 is configured to store potential energy when the separator 2 deforms in response to an increase in pressure difference, and to drive the separator 2 to return to its original state after the pressure difference decreases.

[0112] Among them, the reset component 7 can be a spring, a spring sheet, or other components.

[0113] In some embodiments, the housing 1 is provided with a positioning post 16, and one of the positioning post 16 and the reset member 7 is sleeved on the other. This arrangement can reduce the risk of the reset member 7 falling off.

[0114] Reference Figure 3In one example, the positioning post 16 is disposed in the partition 111 and located within the first chamber 151. The positioning post 16 is a hollow structure, and the connecting hole 112 communicates with the positioning post 16.

[0115] Reference Figure 9 In another example, the positioning post 16 is disposed on the outer casing 1 and located within the second air cavity 15. The positioning post 16 is a hollow structure, and the second air inlet 121 communicates with the positioning post 16.

[0116] According to a second aspect of this application, a battery 100 is provided, including the aforementioned sensor 10. Since the battery 100 includes the sensor 10, it possesses all the beneficial effects of the sensor 10, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0117] The sensor 10 is disposed inside the housing of the battery 100, and the first air chamber 14 and the second air chamber 15 are both in communication with the internal space of the battery 100.

[0118] Reference Figure 10 , Figure 10 The structural block diagram of a vehicle 1000 provided for some embodiments of this application, according to a third aspect of this application, provides a vehicle 1000 including the battery 100 or the sensor 10 described above.

[0119] The vehicle 1000 may be a gasoline-powered vehicle, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, or a new energy vehicle, etc., and this disclosure does not make any specific restrictions.

[0120] In the description of this application, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, a feature defined as "first" or "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In the description of this application, "multiple" means two or more, unless otherwise explicitly specified.

[0121] In the above embodiments, the descriptions of each embodiment have different focuses. For parts not described in detail in a certain embodiment, please refer to the relevant descriptions in other embodiments.

[0122] The embodiments, implementation methods, and related technical features of this application can be combined and substituted for each other without conflict.

[0123] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application and are not intended to limit this application in any way. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of this application without departing from the scope of the technical solution of this application shall still fall within the scope of the technical solution of this application.

Claims

1. A sensor, characterized in that, include: The outer casing has a first air chamber and a second air chamber that are separated inside. The first air chamber and the second air chamber are configured to have different charging rates under the same charging conditions to form a pressure difference. An electrical connector is configured to cause the sensor to output an electrical signal in response to the pressure difference between the first air chamber and the second air chamber.

2. The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The electrical connector is configured to cause the sensor to output the electrical signal in response to the absolute value of the pressure difference between the first air chamber and the second air chamber reaching a preset threshold.

3. The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The outer casing is provided with a first air inlet communicating with the first air chamber and a second air inlet communicating with the second air chamber, wherein the cross-sectional area of ​​the second air inlet is smaller than the cross-sectional area of ​​the first air inlet.

4. The sensor according to claim 3, characterized in that, The ratio of the cross-sectional area of ​​the first air inlet to the cross-sectional area of ​​the second air inlet is between 1 / 14 and 2 / 3.

5. The sensor according to claim 4, characterized in that, The diameter of the first air inlet is between 3mm and 7mm.

6. The sensor according to claim 4, characterized in that, The diameter of the second air inlet is between 0.5 mm and 2 mm.

7. The sensor according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The housing is provided with a second air inlet communicating with the second air chamber, and the sensor further includes: A gas suppression membrane covers the second air inlet to reduce the air intake velocity of the second air inlet.

8. The sensor according to claim 7, characterized in that, The gas suppression membrane is disposed on the outside or inside of the housing.

9. The sensor according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The volume of the second air chamber is greater than the volume of the first air chamber.

10. The sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sensor also includes: A first electrical connection terminal is disposed in the housing and is used for electrically connecting the controller; A second electrical connection terminal is disposed in the housing for electrically connecting to the controller; The electrical connector is configured to electrically connect the first electrical connection terminal and the second electrical connection terminal in response to the pressure difference between the first air chamber and the second air chamber, thereby causing the sensor to output an electrical signal.

11. The sensor according to claim 10, characterized in that, The sensor also includes: A separator, disposed within the housing, separates the first air chamber and the second air chamber. An electrical connector is connected to the separator, and the separator is configured to deform in response to an increase in the pressure difference so that the electrical connector electrically connects the first electrical connection terminal and the second electrical connection terminal.

12. The sensor according to claim 11, characterized in that, Both the first electrical connection terminal and the second electrical connection terminal are located on the side of the separator facing the second air chamber; and / or, The electrical connector is located on the side of the separator facing the second air chamber.

13. The sensor according to claim 11, characterized in that, The outer casing includes a housing and a first cover, the housing having a first opening, the first cover closing onto the first opening, and the first cover, the housing, and the separator defining the second air chamber.

14. The sensor according to claim 13, characterized in that, The first cover is provided with a second air inlet, which is connected to the second air chamber.

15. The sensor according to claim 14, characterized in that, The sensor also includes: A gas suppression membrane covers the second air inlet to reduce the air intake velocity of the second air inlet, and the gas suppression membrane is disposed on the inner side of the first cover.

16. The sensor according to claim 13, characterized in that, The housing is provided with a partition, which divides the second air chamber into a first chamber and a second chamber. The partition is provided with a connecting hole, which connects the first chamber and the second chamber. The partition separates the first chamber and the first air chamber.

17. The sensor according to claim 13, characterized in that, The housing also includes a second cover, and the housing further has a second opening, the second cover closing onto the second opening, the separator, the housing and the second cover defining the first air chamber.

18. The sensor according to claim 11, characterized in that, The outer casing includes a housing and a second cover, the housing having a second opening, the second cover closing onto the second opening, the separator, the housing and the second cover defining the first air chamber, and the separator and the housing defining the second air chamber.

19. The sensor according to claim 17 or 18, characterized in that, The second cover is provided with a first air inlet, which is connected to the first air chamber.

20. The sensor according to claim 11, characterized in that, The sensor also includes: A reset element, one end connected to the partition and the other end connected to the housing, is configured to store potential energy when the partition deforms in response to an increase in the pressure difference, and to drive the partition to return to its original position after the pressure difference decreases.

21. The sensor according to claim 20, characterized in that, The outer casing is provided with a positioning post, and one of the positioning post and the reset member is sleeved on the other.

22. A battery, characterized in that, Includes the sensor described in any one of claims 1-21.

23. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the battery of claim 22 or the sensor of any one of claims 1-21.

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