Lead storage battery active substance synthesis device and synthesis method

Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for synthesizing active substances of a lead storage battery. The device comprises a paste mixing barrel, a stirring mechanism, a barrel cover, a lead powder conveying pipe and a spherical nozzle for adding water and acid, and the spherical nozzle is provided with uniform spraying holes. The method comprises the steps that the lead powder and the additive are subjected to solid stirring for 4-5 min; stirring in a wet state and spraying deionized water for 5-6 minutes; chemically stirring and spraying dilute sulphuric acid for 16-18 minutes, and controlling the temperature to be less than or equal to 75 DEG C; the temperature of the cooled lead paste is less than or equal to 50 DEG C, and the apparent density is adjusted to 4.490-4.520 g / cm < 3 > Through uniform spraying and optimized stirring, it is ensured that the apparent density and the water content of the lead paste are consistent, and the balance of a pole plate and a battery is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of lead-acid batteries, specifically relating to a device and method for synthesizing active materials for lead-acid batteries. Background Technology

[0002] Lead-acid batteries, as important chemical power sources, are widely used in automobiles, communications, and energy storage. Their performance and lifespan directly depend on the quality of the plates. The plates are made by coating an active material, lead paste, onto a grid. The lead paste is mainly composed of lead powder, dilute sulfuric acid, and water. The lead powder is a mixture of lead (Pb) and lead oxide (PbO). The main components of the lead paste include lead powder, lead sulfate (PbSO4), and various basic lead sulfate compounds (such as 3PbO·PbSO4 and 4PbO·PbSO4). The synthesis process of lead paste involves complex chemical reactions, typically carried out in the following order: after mixing lead powder with solid additives, deionized water and dilute sulfuric acid are added sequentially, and the components are stirred to ensure uniform mixing. Key chemical reactions in lead paste manufacturing include: the reaction of PbO with H₂O to form Pb(OH)₂; the reaction of Pb(OH)₂ with H₂SO₄ to form PbSO₄; and the stepwise reaction of PbSO₄ with PbO to form monobasic lead sulfate (PbO·PbSO₄), dibasic lead sulfate (2PbO·PbSO₄), tribasic lead sulfate (3PbO·PbSO₄), and tetrabasic lead sulfate (4PbO·PbSO₄). The crystal morphology and distribution of these reaction products directly affect the mechanical strength and electrochemical properties of the lead paste. Water plays several roles in lead paste, including promoting further oxidation of lead in the lead powder, achieving lead powder aggregation, loosening and softening the lead paste, and adjusting the apparent density of the lead paste. Sulfuric acid, on the other hand, generates basic lead sulfate to provide mechanical strength, regulates the acid-base relationship, and affects the apparent density.

[0003] In existing technologies, lead paste synthesis typically employs a simple mixing apparatus, including a mixing tank, a stirring mechanism, and a liquid addition system. However, traditional methods have significant drawbacks: First, the addition of deionized water and dilute sulfuric acid is often done by directly injecting them through ordinary nozzles or pipes, resulting in uneven liquid distribution within the mixing tank. This can easily lead to localized areas of excessive moisture or acidity, causing fluctuations in the apparent density and water content of the lead paste. Second, unreasonable stirring process parameters, such as unscientific time allocation for solid-state stirring, wet-state stirring, and chemical stirring, can result in insufficient mixing of lead powder and additives, or incomplete reactions between water and acid and lead powder, affecting the formation and distribution of basic lead sulfate crystals. Furthermore, the reaction between sulfuric acid and lead powder during chemical stirring is exothermic. If the temperature is not properly controlled (e.g., exceeding 75°C), it can exacerbate side reactions, leading to a loose lead paste structure or reduced mechanical strength. High-temperature lead paste is also detrimental to subsequent coating processes, easily causing electrode defects. Insufficient cooling time can also cause the lead paste temperature to be too high (above 50°C), affecting electrode manufacturing efficiency and quality.

[0004] While existing similar solutions can synthesize lead paste, they cannot guarantee the uniformity of the lead paste throughout the mixing tank. Experimental data shows that the apparent density difference of lead paste produced by traditional methods can reach 0.01 g / cm³ in different areas. 3 The above-mentioned water content variation exceeding 0.05% can lead to unevenness in the electrode plates and battery, resulting in inconsistent battery capacity, shortened lifespan, and poor overall balance. Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a synthesis apparatus and method that enables the uniform addition of sulfuric acid and deionized water and optimizes the stirring process to improve the balance of lead paste, electrode plates, and battery. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a device and method for synthesizing active materials for lead-acid batteries, thereby solving the problem of inconsistent apparent density and water content in lead paste caused by uneven addition of sulfuric acid and deionized water and insufficient stirring in existing technologies. This invention improves the device structure and optimizes process parameters to ensure uniform performance of all parts of the lead paste, thus enhancing the balance between the plates and the battery.

[0006] In terms of the apparatus, the present invention provides a lead-acid battery active material synthesis apparatus, comprising: a paste mixing tank, wherein a stirring mechanism is provided inside the paste mixing tank, a tank cover is provided on the top surface of the paste mixing tank, the paste mixing tank is also provided with a water adding nozzle and an acid adding nozzle, wherein the water adding nozzle and the acid adding nozzle are both spherical nozzles, and spray holes are uniformly provided on the spherical nozzles; and a lead powder conveying pipe connected to the paste mixing tank for adding lead powder into the paste mixing tank.

[0007] Furthermore, the device also includes a water storage tank and an acid storage tank, the water storage tank being connected to the water nozzle via a water inlet pipe, and the acid storage tank being connected to the acid nozzle via an acid inlet pipe.

[0008] Preferably, the water inlet pipe is connected to the top of the water nozzle, and the acid inlet pipe is connected to the top of the acid nozzle to ensure uniform liquid spraying.

[0009] Preferably, the diameter of the spray hole is 0.8-1.2 mm to achieve uniform spraying of mist droplets.

[0010] The bottom of the paste mixing tank is provided with a paste outlet, which is equipped with a valve to control the opening and closing of the paste outlet, facilitating the removal of lead paste. The stirring mechanism is a stirring paddle used to thoroughly mix the materials.

[0011] In terms of the method aspect of the present invention, a method for synthesizing active materials for lead-acid batteries is provided, using the above-mentioned synthesis apparatus, comprising the following steps: (1) Solid stirring: The lead powder is transported to the paste mixing tank through the lead powder conveying pipe. The lid of the tank is opened, and the solid additive is put into the paste mixing tank. After the lid of the tank is closed, solid stirring is carried out to make the lead powder and solid additive evenly mixed. The lead powder used is lead powder with an oxidation degree of 72%~78% (mass fraction of lead oxide PbO). The solid stirring time is 4~5 min. (2) Wet mixing: Continue mixing while spraying deionized water into the paste mixing tank through the water nozzle for wet mixing; the wet mixing time is 5~6 min; continue wet mixing for another 1~2 min to make it evenly mixed; (3) Chemical stirring: Continue stirring while spraying dilute sulfuric acid into the paste mixing tank through the acid addition nozzle to carry out chemical stirring; the chemical stirring time is 16~18 min; during the chemical stirring process, the maximum temperature is controlled not to exceed 75℃; after chemical stirring, continue stirring for another 8~9 min to make it evenly mixed. (4) Cooling and adjusting the apparent density of the lead paste: After cooling, the temperature of the lead paste should not exceed 50℃, and the apparent density of the lead paste should be adjusted to 4.490~4.520 g / cm³. 3 Furthermore, the standard range for the moisture content of lead paste is 10.40% to 10.90%.

[0012] The beneficial effects of this invention are: The key to this invention lies in the uniform spraying of water and acid through a spherical nozzle, combined with optimized stirring time distribution, ensuring the uniformity of lead paste across all areas. The spray holes on the spherical nozzle add the liquid in a mist-like manner, preventing localized over-wetting or over-acidification; the rationally distributed stirring times (4-5 min for solid-state stirring, 5-6 min for wet-state stirring, and 16-18 min for chemical stirring) guarantee thorough mixing and reaction; temperature control prevents overheating, and the lead paste temperature after cooling is ≤50℃, suitable for coating processes. The advantages of this invention are improved uniformity in apparent density and water content of the lead paste. Experimental data shows that the lead paste synthesized using this device and method exhibits an apparent density difference of only 0.001 g / cm³ in different areas. 3 With a water content difference of only 0.01%, it significantly improves the balance between the plates and the battery. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the lead-acid battery active material synthesis device of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the lead-acid battery active material synthesis device of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the water addition nozzle and acid addition nozzle in the lead-acid battery active material synthesis device of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the water-adding nozzle and acid-adding nozzle spraying during the lead-acid battery active material synthesis device of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram illustrating sampling from different locations according to the present invention.

[0014] The diagram shows the following labels: 1-Paste mixing tank, 11-Stirring mechanism, 12-Tank lid, 13-Water nozzle, 14-Acid nozzle, 15-Paste outlet, 2-Lead powder conveying pipe, 3-Water storage tank, 31-Water inlet pipe, 32-Water conveying pipe, 4-Acid storage tank, 41-Acid inlet pipe, 42-Acid conveying pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0015] Depend on Figures 1-4 As shown, this invention provides a lead-acid battery active material synthesis device, comprising: a paste mixing tank 1, wherein a stirring mechanism 11 is provided inside the paste mixing tank 1, the stirring mechanism in this invention is a stirring paddle, which can fully mix the materials; a tank cover 12 is provided on the top surface of the paste mixing tank 1, and the paste mixing tank 1 is also provided with a water adding nozzle 13 and an acid adding nozzle 14, both of which are spherical nozzles, and spray holes are uniformly provided on the spherical nozzles, which is intended to achieve uniform spraying of mist-like liquid droplets, and the diameter of the spray holes is set to 0.8-1.2mm; and a lead powder conveying pipe 2, connected to the paste mixing tank 1, for adding lead powder into the paste mixing tank 1.

[0016] Specifically, the device of the present invention further includes a water storage tank 3 and an acid storage tank 4. The water storage tank 3 is connected to a water inlet nozzle 13 via a water inlet pipe 31, and the acid storage tank 4 is connected to an acid inlet nozzle 14 via an acid inlet pipe 41. A water delivery pipe 32 is also connected to the top of the water storage tank 3 for delivering water to the water storage tank 3; correspondingly, an acid delivery pipe 42 is also connected to the top of the acid storage tank 4 for delivering acid to the acid storage tank 4. Supports can be provided on the top of the water storage tank 3 and the acid storage tank 4 to support the water delivery pipe 32 and the acid delivery pipe 42.

[0017] More specifically, the water inlet pipe 31 is connected to the top of the water nozzle 13, and the acid inlet pipe 41 is connected to the top of the acid nozzle 14 to ensure that the liquid is sprayed evenly.

[0018] The bottom surface of the paste mixing container of the present invention is provided with a paste outlet 15, and the paste outlet 15 is provided with a valve to control the opening and closing of the paste outlet, so as to facilitate the removal of lead paste.

[0019] In use, the lead-acid battery active material synthesis device of the present invention first adds lead powder to the paste mixing tank 1 through the lead powder conveying pipe 2, then opens the tank lid 12 to add solid additives, and then tightly closes the tank lid 1. The stirring mechanism 11 is started to mix the lead powder and solid additives evenly. While stirring, deionized water is evenly sprayed into the tank through the water adding nozzle 13. Stirring continues, and acid is evenly sprayed into the tank through the acid adding nozzle 14. During this process, the temperature is controlled to not exceed 75°C. After the acid is added, stirring is stopped, and the lead paste is cooled for 3-5 minutes until the temperature does not exceed 50°C. Finally, the valve at the bottom paste outlet 15 is opened to remove the lead paste.

[0020] The present invention also provides a method for synthesizing active materials for lead-acid batteries, using the synthesis apparatus of the present invention, comprising the following steps: (1) Solid stirring: The lead powder is transported to the paste mixing tank through the lead powder conveying pipe. The lid of the tank is opened, and the solid additive is put into the paste mixing tank. After the lid of the tank is closed, solid stirring is carried out to make the lead powder and solid additive evenly mixed. The lead powder used is lead powder with an oxidation degree of 72%~78% (mass fraction of lead oxide PbO). The solid stirring time is 4~5 min. (2) Wet mixing: Continue mixing while spraying deionized water into the paste mixing tank through the water nozzle for wet mixing; the wet mixing time is 5~6 min; continue wet mixing for another 1~2 min to make it evenly mixed; (3) Chemical stirring: Continue stirring while spraying dilute sulfuric acid into the paste mixing tank through the acid addition nozzle to carry out chemical stirring; the chemical stirring time is 16~18 min; during the chemical stirring process, the maximum temperature is controlled not to exceed 75℃; after chemical stirring, continue stirring for another 8~9 min to make it evenly mixed. (4) Cooling and adjusting the apparent density of the lead paste: After cooling, the temperature of the lead paste should not exceed 50℃, and the apparent density of the lead paste should be adjusted to 4.490~4.520 g / cm³. 3 Furthermore, the standard range for the moisture content of lead paste is 10.40% to 10.90%.

[0021] The specific technical solutions of the present invention will be described below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0022] Example 1 1. Solid mixing: Take 1200 kg of lead powder with an oxidation degree of 72%~78% (mass fraction of lead oxide PbO) and transport it to the paste mixing tank 1 through the lead powder conveying pipe. Open the paste mixing tank lid 12, put the standard amount of solid additive into the paste mixing tank 1, close the paste mixing tank lid 12 tightly and stir evenly for 4.5 min.

[0023] 2. Wet mixing: Continue mixing the lead powder while spraying 158 kg of deionized water into the lead powder through a spherical nozzle within 5 minutes. Continue mixing for 2 minutes to complete the wet mixing.

[0024] 3. Chemical stirring: Continue stirring the lead powder while simultaneously spraying 115 kg of 50% dilute sulfuric acid into the lead powder through a spherical nozzle over 18 minutes. Continue stirring for another 8 minutes to complete the chemical stirring process. During the chemical stirring process, control the maximum temperature to not exceed 75℃.

[0025] 4. Cooling Time: During the chemical stirring process, dilute sulfuric acid reacts with lead powder, generating a large amount of heat. At this time, the lead paste is in a high-temperature state, which is not conducive to the next coating process. Set the cooling time of the lead paste to about 3 minutes. When the temperature of the lead paste does not exceed 50℃, it can be used.

[0026] 5. The apparent density standard range of lead paste before use is 4.490~4.520 g / cm³. 3 The standard range for the moisture content of lead paste is 10.40% to 10.90%.

[0027] according to Figure 5 The identification marks were used to test the apparent density and moisture content of lead paste taken from different parts of the sample. The data are shown in Table 1.

[0028] Table 1 As shown in Table 1, the synthesis apparatus of the present invention can ensure the uniform addition of sulfuric acid and deionized water in all parts of the paste mixing tank. The synthesis process rationally distributes the solid stirring time, wet stirring time, chemical stirring time and cooling time according to the properties of each material, ensuring that the apparent density and water content of the lead paste in all parts of the paste mixing tank are uniform and consistent, and further ensuring the balance of the electrode plates and the battery.

Claims

1. A device for synthesizing active materials for lead-acid batteries, characterized in that, The lead-acid battery active material synthesizing device comprises: a mixing barrel, a stirring mechanism is arranged in the mixing barrel, a barrel cover is arranged on the top surface of the mixing barrel, a water adding nozzle and an acid adding nozzle are arranged on the mixing barrel, the water adding nozzle and the acid adding nozzle are spherical nozzles, and a plurality of spraying holes are uniformly arranged on the spherical nozzles; a lead powder conveying pipe is connected to the mixing barrel and used for adding lead powder into the mixing barrel.

2. The lead storage battery active material synthesizing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a water storage tank and an acid storage tank are further arranged, the water storage tank is connected to the water adding nozzle through a water inlet pipe, and the acid storage tank is connected to the acid adding nozzle through an acid inlet pipe.

3. The lead storage battery active material synthesizing apparatus according to claim 2, wherein The water inlet pipe is connected to the top of the water adding nozzle, and the acid inlet pipe is connected to the top of the acid adding nozzle.

4. The lead storage battery active material synthesizing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The diameter of the spraying hole is 0.8-1.2 mm.

5. The lead storage battery active material synthesizing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein A paste outlet is arranged on the bottom surface of the mixing barrel, and a valve is arranged on the paste outlet to control the opening and closing of the paste outlet.

6. The lead storage battery active material synthesizing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The stirring mechanism is a stirring paddle.

7. A method for synthesizing an active material of a lead storage battery, characterized by, The lead-acid battery active material synthesizing device is used to synthesize the lead-acid battery active material, and the lead-acid battery active material synthesizing method comprises the following steps: (1) lead powder is conveyed into the mixing barrel through the lead powder conveying pipe, the barrel cover is opened, solid additives are put into the mixing barrel, the barrel cover is closed, solid-state stirring is performed, and the lead powder and the solid additives are uniformly mixed; (2) wet-state stirring is continuously performed, and deionized water is sprayed into the mixing barrel through the water adding nozzle during the stirring; (3) chemical stirring is continuously performed, and dilute sulfuric acid is sprayed into the mixing barrel through the acid adding nozzle during the stirring; (4) the lead paste is cooled and the apparent density is adjusted.

8. The lead storage battery active material synthesis method according to claim 7, wherein In step (1), the solid-state stirring time is 4-5 min; in step (2), the wet-state stirring time is 5-6 min; and in step (3), the chemical stirring time is 16-18 min.

9. The lead storage battery active material synthesis method of claim 7 wherein, In step (3), the highest temperature during the chemical stirring process is controlled to be no more than 75℃; in step (4), the temperature of the lead paste after cooling is no more than 50℃, and the lead paste is adjusted to have an apparent density of 4.490~4.520g / cm 3 .

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