Waste lithium battery material regeneration system and process based on Joule heating

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of battery recovery and reutilization, and discloses a waste lithium battery material regeneration system and process based on Joule heating, and the regeneration system comprises a pretreatment unit, a heating unit, a post-treatment unit and a collection unit which are connected in sequence; the pretreatment unit is used for splitting, crushing, screening, grinding and analyzing materials; the heating unit comprises a flash heating rod, a Joule heating device, an inert gas supply device, a temperature monitoring element and a gas circulation pipeline; the inert gas supply device is respectively connected with the pretreatment unit and the Joule heating device through the gas circulation pipeline; the temperature monitoring element is arranged on the inner side of the Joule heating device; and the post-processing unit is used for secondarily screening, grinding and analyzing the sintered material. The inside of the stripping machine on the re-production line is instantly heated through the flash heating rod, the Joule heating device is used for heating and purifying, and inert gas is introduced, so that powder oxidation in the regeneration process is avoided.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of battery recycling and reuse, in particular to a waste lithium battery material regeneration system and process based on Joule heating. BACKGROUND

[0002] In the field of battery recycling and reuse, the regeneration of electrode powder is a core link that determines the performance and economic value of the recycled products. However, the existing electrode powder regeneration technology cannot meet the urgent needs of fine and efficient production lines. On the one hand, the electrode powder raw materials of waste lithium batteries generally have high impurity content and large composition fluctuations, which makes the traditional regeneration process have to increase multiple purification processes, prolonging the production cycle and increasing energy consumption and cost, which seriously restricts the regeneration efficiency. On the other hand, the traditional heating technology (such as hot air heating and microwave heating) relied on by the existing electrode powder regeneration has defects such as slow heating, high energy consumption, and poor temperature control stability, which cannot meet the needs of fast and efficient electrode powder regeneration. Joule heating technology has gradually been explored and applied to electrode powder regeneration due to its advantages of direct current heating, high energy conversion efficiency, and rapid temperature control response. SUMMARY

[0003] To solve the existing problems, the present application provides a waste lithium battery material regeneration system and process based on Joule heating, which provides a production line for efficient recycling and regeneration of waste lithium battery materials, and can realize continuous, high-quality, and environmentally friendly recycling and reuse of waste lithium battery materials. The stripping machine in the regeneration line is instantaneously heated by a flash heating rod, and the Joule heating device is used for heating and purification, and inert gas is introduced to prevent oxidation of the powder during the regeneration process.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions.

[0005] The present application provides a waste lithium battery material regeneration system based on Joule heating, which comprises a pretreatment unit, a heating unit, a post-treatment unit and a collection unit connected in sequence. The pretreatment unit is used for splitting, crushing, screening, grinding and analyzing the material. The heating unit comprises a flash heating rod, a Joule heating device, an inert gas supply device, a temperature monitoring element and a gas circulation pipeline. The flash heating rod is used for instantaneously heating the material in the pretreatment unit. The Joule heating device is used for heating and sintering the material. The inert gas supply device is connected with the pretreatment unit and the Joule heating device through the gas circulation pipeline. The temperature monitoring element is arranged inside the Joule heating device. The post-treatment unit is used for secondary screening, grinding and analyzing the sintered material. The collection unit is used for collecting and storing the regenerated electrode powder.

[0006] As a further improvement of the application, the inert gas supply device further comprises an inert gas storage tank and a flow regulating valve, the inert gas storage tank being connected to the gas circulation pipeline, and the flow regulating valve being arranged on the gas circulation pipeline.

[0007] As a further improvement of the application, the pretreatment unit comprises a module splitting module, a cell cutting unit, a stripping machine, a pulverizer, a front rotary vibration screen, a front grinder, a front analyzer and a conveyor belt connected in sequence; the module splitting module is used for splitting materials; the stripping machine is in communication with the gas circulation pipeline and is used for cutting the split materials and introducing inert gas protection and blowing; the stripping machine is provided with the flash heating rod, which is used for separating the positive electrode material on the positive electrode sheet from the electrode sheet and dissolving and volatilizing the positive electrode material and the binder; the pulverizer is used for pulverizing the separated positive electrode material into coarse powder; the front rotary vibration screen adopts a double-layer rotary vibration screening device, the upper layer has a mesh size of 3-3.5 mm, and the lower layer has a mesh size of 120-150 meshes; the vibration frequency of the front rotary vibration screen is 50-60 Hz, and the single screening time is 30-45 s; the front grinder is used for grinding the materials into fine powder, wherein, when the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material is ground, the grinding speed is 350-550 rpm, the ball-material ratio is 15:1-20:1, and the medium filling rate is 55%-65%; when the ternary positive electrode material is ground, the grinding speed is 250-450 rpm, the ball-material ratio is 10:1-15:1, and the medium filling rate is 50%-60%; when the negative electrode material is ground, the grinding speed is 200-400 rpm, the ball-material ratio is set to 5:1-15:1, and the medium filling rate is 30%-50%; the front analyzer is used for detecting whether the physical properties of the materials are qualified; and the conveyor belt is used for conveying the pretreated materials to the heating unit.

[0008] As a further improvement of the application, the post-treatment unit comprises a rear rotary vibration screen, a rear grinder and a rear analyzer connected in sequence; the rear rotary vibration screen is connected to the rear end of the joule heating device, the rear rotary vibration screen adopts a single-layer high-precision rotary vibration screening device and is equipped with a negative pressure powder suction device; the mesh size of the rear rotary vibration screen is 200-250 meshes, the vibration frequency is 60-70 Hz, and the single screening time is 15-20 s; the rear grinder is connected to the rear end of the rear rotary vibration screen and is used for grinding the materials into fine powder; and the rear analyzer is connected to the rear end of the rear grinder and is used for detecting and quantitatively analyzing the materials to determine the qualified materials and guide the material supplement.

[0009] As a further improvement of the application, the post-treatment unit further comprises a granulator, which is used for grinding the material particle size to a set range and is connected to the rear end of the rear grinder.

[0010] As a further improvement of the present application, the post-processing unit further comprises an air blower and an activated carbon adsorption device, a UV photolysis device and a spray tower connected through a tail gas treatment pipeline; the activated carbon adsorption device is used for collecting the dust mixed tail gas generated in the heating and grinding process; the UV photolysis device is used for photolysis of VOCs; the spray tower is used for wetting and settling HF in the tail gas; the air blower is arranged at the rear end of the spray tower and used for promoting the dust mixed tail gas to flow into other purification equipment.

[0011] As a further improvement of the present application, the front analysis machine and the rear analysis machine each comprise an XRD ray diffractometer and an ICP-AES quantitative analyzer.

[0012] The present application also discloses a waste lithium battery material regeneration process based on Joule heating, comprising the following steps: The pre-processing unit splits, crushes, screens, grinds the waste materials, and supplements materials according to the analysis of the ground materials; The material to be sent into the Joule heating device is instantaneously heated; The ground fine material is heated in the Joule heating device; The heated fine material is secondarily screened and ground, and the materials are supplemented according to the analysis.

[0013] As a further improvement of the present application, the material to be sent into the Joule heating device is instantaneously heated, comprising the following steps: For ternary positive electrode materials, the heating temperature is 900-950 DEG C; For lithium iron phosphate materials, the heating temperature is 750-1200 DEG C; For negative electrode materials, the heating temperature is 2500 DEG C.

[0014] As a further improvement of the present application, the materials are supplemented according to the analysis, comprising the following steps: XRD is used to detect the crystal structure, ICP-AES is used to quantitatively analyze the target element content, and the supplementing ratio is automatically calculated according to the analysis result, so that the element content deviation of the material to be instantaneously heated is less than or equal to ±1%.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following beneficial effects: The present system realizes the whole process treatment of waste lithium battery materials from splitting to regenerated fine powder collection through the sequentially connected pre-processing unit, heating unit, post-processing unit and collecting unit, improves the treatment efficiency and regeneration quality; the splitting, crushing, screening, grinding and analysis of the materials provide materials with suitable particle size and properties for subsequent treatment; the Joule heating device realizes material heating and sintering; the flash heating rod instantaneously heats the pre-processing unit, which is helpful for rapid separation of material components; the inert gas supply device and the gas circulation pipeline provide a protective atmosphere to prevent material oxidation.

[0016] Preferably, the inert gas storage tank and the flow regulating valve are added to more accurately control the supply amount and flow rate of the inert gas, better meet the needs of different processing stages for inert gas protection, and improve the safety and stability of the processing process.

[0017] Preferably, the material is sequentially split, cut, peeled and crushed to gradually decompose and separate the positive electrode material from the waste lithium battery material, realize fine processing of the material; inert gas protection and purging are introduced to prevent oxidation of the material during processing, while helping to remove impurities; the positive electrode material is separated from the pole piece, and the positive electrode material and the binder are dissolved and volatilized to improve separation efficiency and purity; a double-layer rotary vibrating screen separation device is used, and the screen mesh aperture, vibration frequency and single screening time are specified to more accurately screen the material with the appropriate particle size and improve the screening effect; different grinding speeds, ball-to-material ratios and medium filling rates are set for different materials (lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material, ternary positive electrode material and negative electrode material) to realize personalized grinding and improve grinding quality and efficiency.

[0018] Preferably, a single-layer high-precision rotary vibrating screen separation device is used and equipped with a negative pressure powder suction device, the screen mesh aperture, vibration frequency and single screening time are reasonably set to more accurately screen the fine powder material that meets the requirements; the material is further ground into fine powder to meet the particle size requirements of the regenerated pole powder; the material is detected and quantitatively analyzed to determine the pass and guide the material replenishment, ensuring the stability of the quality of the regenerated pole powder.

[0019] Preferably, the material particle size is ground to a set range to further adjust the material particle size, meet the requirements of different application scenarios for the particle size of the regenerated pole powder, and improve the applicability of the product.

[0020] Preferably, the activated carbon adsorption device collects the dust mixed tail gas generated during the heating and grinding process to reduce dust emission; the UV photolysis device photolyzes VOCs to reduce the pollution of organic tail gas to the environment; the spray tower wets and settles HF in the tail gas to effectively remove harmful gases; the induced draft fan promotes the flow of the dust mixed tail gas into other purification equipment to ensure the smooth progress of the tail gas treatment process and improve the tail gas treatment efficiency.

[0021] Preferably, the front analyzer and the rear analyzer each include an XRD ray diffractometer and an ICP-AES quantitative analyzer, the XRD ray diffractometer can detect the crystal structure, the ICP-AES quantitative analyzer can quantitatively analyze the content of the target element, and the combination of the two can more comprehensively and accurately analyze the material properties to provide a more reliable basis for the processing process and improve the quality of the regenerated pole powder.

[0022] Preferably, the process covers key steps such as pretreatment, instantaneous heating, heating grinding, screening grinding, and analysis feeding, forming a complete set of waste lithium battery material regeneration process based on Joule heating, which can realize efficient regeneration of waste lithium battery materials and improve the quality and yield of regenerated cathode powder.

[0023] Preferably, different heating temperatures are set for different materials (ternary positive electrode material, lithium iron phosphate material, negative electrode material), which can better meet the processing needs of different materials, improve the separation and regeneration effect of the materials, and ensure the performance and quality of the regenerated cathode powder.

[0024] Preferably, XRD is used to detect the crystal structure and ICP-AES is used to quantitatively analyze the content of target elements, and the feeding ratio is automatically calculated according to the analysis results to ensure that the element content deviation of the material to be instantaneously heated is ≤±1%, which can accurately control the material composition and improve the quality stability and consistency of the regenerated cathode powder. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0025] The drawings described herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not limit the scope of the present disclosure in any way. In addition, the shapes and proportions of the components in the drawings are only illustrative and are used to help understand the present invention, and are not specific limitations on the shapes and proportions of the components. In the drawings: Figure 1 A side view of a waste lithium battery material regeneration system based on Joule heating in an embodiment; Figure 2 A top view of a waste lithium battery material regeneration system based on Joule heating in an embodiment; Figure 3 A process flow diagram of a waste lithium battery material regeneration process based on Joule heating in an embodiment.

[0026] 1, waste lithium battery raw material; 2, module splitting module; 3, battery cell cutting unit; 4, stripping machine; 5, pulverizer; 6, coarse powder conveyor belt; 7, front rotary screen; 8, front grinding machine; 9, feeding pipe; 10, front analysis machine; 11, fine powder conveyor belt; 12, Joule heating device; 13, regulator; 14, rear rotary screen; 15, rear grinding machine; 16, rear analysis machine; 17, tail gas treatment pipeline; 18, activated carbon adsorption device; 19, UV photolysis device; 20, spray tower; 21, induced draft fan; 22, inert gas supply device; 23, current collector collection rod; 24, flash heating rod; 25, cathode powder finished product discharge port. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] In order to better understand the technical solutions in the present application, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present application, but not all the embodiments of the present application. Based on the embodiments of the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0028] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or there can be an intervening element. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements can be present. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right", and the like as used herein are used for illustration only and are not intended to be limiting.

[0029] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used in the description of the application herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used herein, the term "and / or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

[0030] Embodiment 1 As shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2 The present embodiment provides a waste lithium battery material regeneration system based on joule heating, which comprises a pretreatment unit, a heating unit, a post-treatment unit and a collection unit connected in sequence.

[0031] The pretreatment unit is used for splitting, crushing, screening, grinding and analyzing materials. The pretreatment unit comprises a module splitting module 2, a cell cutting unit 3, a stripping machine 4, a crusher 5, a front rotary screen 7, a front grinder 8, a front analyzer 10 and a conveying belt connected in sequence. The conveying belt comprises a coarse powder conveying belt 6 and a fine powder conveying belt 11.

[0032] The module splitting module 2 is used for splitting materials. The module splitting module 2 comprises a cutting execution mechanism and a control system. The cutting execution mechanism adopts a contact physical cutting and shearing mode, combines the battery module structure type (square, cylindrical, soft package) and the cutting position, selects different cutting tools, and realizes efficient, accurate and safe module disassembly. The square module metal shell and the thick wall bus bar are sawed, the cut is flat, the equipment cost is low, and it is suitable for large size energy storage batteries; the welding points between the cells and the tab bus bar are milled, which can remove the welding layer with high precision and avoid damaging the cell body; the soft package battery aluminum plastic film and the cylindrical battery connecting piece are sheared, which has fast stripping speed and high efficiency, and is suitable for large-scale assembly line; the standardized module shell is cut by stamping, the cut of the connecting structure has high consistency, and is suitable for large-scale production. The cutting area is provided with a local negative pressure collecting device for collecting dust and aerosol generated during cutting. The control system has real-time force feedback and temperature monitoring functions, and automatically stops and alarms when the cutting resistance is abnormal or the temperature exceeds the set threshold. The split single body material is directly input into the cell cutting unit 3. The cell cutting unit 3 disassembles the battery monomer by mechanical cutting, the cutting speed is 20-50 mm / s, inert gas (such as nitrogen, argon) is continuously introduced as a protective atmosphere and a sweeping medium during cutting, and the gas flow is 5-20 L / min. After cutting, the positive and negative plates and the battery shell are peeled off by a mechanical clamping device (clamping force 100-200 N, clamping surface covered with anti-skid rubber pad), and the positive and negative plates of the battery are obtained and standardized.

[0033] Optionally, the cutting speed of the cutting execution mechanism is also 20-50 mm / s, inert gas (such as nitrogen, argon) is continuously introduced as a protective atmosphere and a sweeping medium during cutting, and the gas flow is 5-20 L / min. In addition, the system is configured with a power control module, which automatically matches the cutting power according to the battery monomer shell material, and adapts to the processing needs of different types of waste lithium battery raw materials 1 (lithium iron phosphate positive material, ternary positive material, negative material). After cutting, the positive and negative plates and the battery shell are peeled off by a mechanical clamping device (clamping force 100-200 N, clamping surface covered with anti-skid rubber pad), and after preliminary dust removal and surface cleaning, they are input into the stripping machine 4 for adhesive pyrolysis treatment. The problems of positive plate tearing, active material falling off and current collector deformation caused by traditional mechanical crushing are effectively avoided.

[0034] The stripping machine 4 is in communication with the gas circulation pipeline for cutting the split material and introducing inert gas protection and sweeping.

[0035] The flash heating rod 24 is arranged in the stripping machine 4, which is used to separate the positive electrode material on the positive electrode sheet from the electrode sheet and make the positive electrode material and the binder dissolve and volatilize. The flash heating rod 24 arranged in the stripping machine 4 is equivalent to an electrolytic furnace (or a high-temperature pyrolysis furnace), and the decomposition of the electrolyte, the binder and other organic matters is realized by precise temperature control in the oxygen-free environment in the stripping machine 4, so that the stripping of the metal and the electrode material is completed. The standard electrode sheet cut by the cutting machine is instantaneously heated to 400-550℃ by the flash heating rod 24, so that the PVDF, i.e. the binder, is completely pyrolyzed, and then the positive electrode material is stripped from the aluminum foil (the negative electrode material is stripped from the copper foil), and the electrode powder is transported to the crusher 5, and the current collector is rolled to the current collector collecting rod 23 to be collected in a roll.

[0036] The crusher 5 is used to crush the separated positive electrode material into coarse powder. The coarse powder separated by the crusher 5 is conveyed to the front rotary vibration screen 7 through the coarse powder conveying belt 6. The front rotary vibration screen 7 adopts a double-layer rotary vibration screen separation device, the upper layer screen has a mesh size of 3-3.5 mm, and the lower layer screen has a mesh size of 120-150 meshes. The crusher 5 receives the positive and negative electrode materials stripped by the stripping machine 4 through a conveying belt or a pipeline, and uses mechanical crushing technology to crush the positive and negative electrode materials. The crusher has high-speed rotating hammer heads, impact plates and other components inside, which crush the large block materials into uniform particles through impact and shearing action, so that the particle size of the materials meets the preliminary requirements of the subsequent screening process, and the crushed positive and negative electrode material particles are transported to the subsequent separation system.

[0037] The crushed positive and negative electrode material particles are input into the front rotary vibration screen 7 through an air pump and a feeding pipeline. The front rotary vibration screen 7 is used to screen the crushed positive and negative electrode material particles. The screen surface generates three-dimensional vibration through the exciting force of the vibration motor, and the positive electrode material and aluminum particles (negative electrode material and copper particles) and other impurities are separated according to particle size through high-frequency vibration and screen separation. The aluminum particles (copper particles) and other impurities are intercepted by the screen and collected and recycled, and the remaining high-purity positive and negative electrode material particles are transported to the front grinder 8.

[0038] The vibration frequency of the front rotary vibration screen 7 is 50-60 Hz, and the single screening time is 30-45 s. The front grinder 8 adopts a double-layer rotary vibration screen separation device, which is used to grind the materials into fine powder. The upper layer screen has a mesh size of 3-3.5 mm, which is used to intercept aluminum foil fragments, copper foil fragments and diaphragm block impurities with a particle size of ≥3 mm. The lower layer screen has a mesh size of 120-150 meshes (corresponding to a particle size of ≤125 μm), which is used to preliminarily strip large particle impurities and screen out coarse materials meeting the grinding requirements, so as to avoid damage to the grinding equipment or affect the subsequent grinding efficiency.

[0039] The front grinder 8 is arranged at the lower end of the front rotary screen 7, and the screened positive and negative electrode materials enter the front grinder 8, which grinds the materials through a ball or roller mechanism to further refine the material particles and enhance the uniformity and reactivity of the products. The ground fine powder is output to the front analyzer 10 for accurate particle size analysis and classification. The front grinder 8 is automatically connected with other devices in the production line, and the grinding speed and pressure can be adjusted to effectively avoid over-grinding or insufficient grinding. Different grinding speeds and pressures are set for different materials. When grinding lithium iron phosphate positive electrode materials, the grinding speed is 350-550 rpm, the ball-to-material ratio is 15:1-20:1, and the medium filling rate is 55%-65%; when grinding ternary positive electrode materials, the grinding speed is 250-450 rpm, the ball-to-material ratio is 10:1-15:1, and the medium filling rate is 50%-60%; when grinding negative electrode materials, the grinding speed is 200-400 rpm, the ball-to-material ratio is set to 5:1-15:1, and the medium filling rate is 30%-50%.

[0040] The front analyzer 10 is used to detect whether the physical properties of the material are qualified.

[0041] The heating unit includes a flash heating rod 24, a joule heating device 12, an inert gas supply device 22, a temperature monitoring element, and a gas circulation pipeline. The flash heating rod 24 is used to instantaneously heat the pretreatment unit; the joule heating device 12 is used to heat and sinter the material; the inert gas supply device 22 is connected with the pretreatment unit and the joule heating device 12 through the gas circulation pipeline; and the temperature monitoring element is arranged inside the joule heating device 12.

[0042] Specifically, the Joule heating device 12 works on the principle of Joule heating effect, generates heat by electric current flowing through the conductive element (or directly through the conductive material), and performs heat treatment on the material. After the Joule heating device 12 receives the material conveyed by the conveyor belt, the electric current generates heat through the material or the heating element, rapidly raises the temperature of the material to the target temperature, heats the lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material to 750-1200℃, heats the ternary positive electrode material to 900-950℃, and heats the negative electrode material to 2500℃. The material after heating and purification is conveyed to the rear rotary vibration screen 14 for particle size or material state screening to ensure that the material state entering the subsequent process meets the processing requirements; the Joule heating device 12 precisely controls the supply of inert gas, supplies inert gas through the pipeline penetrating the device and communicating inside the heating layer, and the pipeline is provided with a valve for controlling the gas flow. The inert gas flow can be accurately controlled to 3-5L / min and continuously filled into the Joule heating device 12, ensuring the establishment and stable maintenance of a micro-positive pressure inert atmosphere environment in the furnace body, ensuring the safety of the heating process. The Joule heating device 12 reduces energy loss through direct heating, is suitable for continuous processes and supports high-speed operation of the production line, maintains stable heating through the regulator 13, avoids thermal damage, adjusts the material residence time, and ensures uniform processing.

[0043] The post-processing unit is used for secondary screening, grinding and analyzing sintered materials. The post-processing unit includes a rear rotary vibration screen 14, a rear grinding machine 15, a rear analysis machine 16, a granulator (not shown), an induced draft fan 21, an activated carbon adsorption device 18, a UV photolysis device 19 and a spray tower 20 connected in sequence.

[0044] The rear rotary vibration screen 14 is connected to the rear end of the Joule heating device 12. The rear rotary vibration screen 14 adopts a single-layer high-precision rotary vibration screening device and is equipped with a negative pressure powder suction device. The screen mesh aperture of the rear rotary vibration screen 14 is 200-250 meshes, the vibration frequency is 60-70Hz, and the single screening time is 15-20s.

[0045] The rear grinder 15 is connected to the rear end of the rear rotary vibration screen 14 and is used for grinding the material into fine powder. The front grinder 8 and the rear grinder 15 constitute a two-stage grinding process. Since the positive and negative electrode materials after sorting still have problems such as uneven particle size, surface adhesion of trace impurities, and insufficient reaction activity, which directly affect the uniformity and efficiency of subsequent joule heating regeneration, the first-stage grinding (the front grinder 8) is mainly used for preliminarily refining the sorted positive and negative electrode materials, stripping the trace impurities adhered to the surface of the particles, improving the uniformity of the particle size and the reaction activity of the material, avoiding the decline of the regeneration effect caused by insufficient heat conduction in the interior of the large particles during joule heating, and realizing rapid heat transfer and uniform reaction. The second-stage grinding (the rear grinder 15) is mainly used for final particle size control and surface modification of the material after joule heating repair. Low-damage grinding parameters (the rotation speed is reduced by 10%-20% than the first time to avoid damaging the repaired crystal structure) are adopted to break the agglomerates and strip the residual impurity fragments, while ensuring the integrity of the particle morphology. The problems of particle agglomeration and insufficient purity after single screening and grinding are solved, and the electrochemical performance and batch consistency of the material are further improved. The composition and particle size are detected by the analyzer between the two-stage grinding to realize closed-loop particle size control.

[0046] The rear analyzer 16 is connected to the rear end of the rear grinder 15 and is used for detecting and quantitatively analyzing the material to determine the qualified material and guide the replenishment of the material.

[0047] The granulator is used for grinding the material to a set range of particle size, and the granulator is connected to the rear end of the rear grinder 15.

[0048] The activated carbon adsorption device 18 is used for directional collection of the dust mixed tail gas generated in the heating and grinding process. The activated carbon adsorption device 18 is filled with an activated carbon adsorption layer, and the activated carbon adsorption layer is used for adsorbing the pollutants in the tail gas. One side of the activated carbon adsorption device 18 is connected to the rear grinder 15 through the tail gas treatment pipeline 17, and the other side is connected to the UV photolysis device 19.

[0049] One side of the UV photolysis device 19 is connected to the spray tower 20 and is used for photolysis of VOCs. Specifically, the UV photolysis device 19 comprises a photolysis reaction cavity, and a plurality of UV lamp tubes are uniformly arranged in the photolysis reaction cavity. The ultraviolet light generated by the UV lamp tubes is used for degrading the organic pollutants in the tail gas to realize photochemical treatment of the tail gas. One end of the photolysis reaction cavity is provided with an air inlet, and the other end is provided with an air outlet.

[0050] The spray tower 20 is used for wetting and settling HF in tail gas; the spray tower 20 is provided with a spraying system at the top end of the tower body, is provided with a filler layer in the tower body, and is provided with a liquid collecting tank at the bottom end of the tower body; the lower part of the tower body is provided with an air inlet, and the upper part is provided with an air outlet; the air inlet is communicated with the air outlet of the UV photolysis device 19 through a pipeline, and the air outlet is communicated with the air inlet of the induced draft fan 21 through a pipeline; the liquid sprayed by the spraying system is used for absorbing soluble or reactive pollutants in waste gas, after increasing the gas-liquid contact area by the filler layer, the pollutants are captured by the liquid and flow into the liquid collecting tank, so that wet purification of the tail gas is realized.

[0051] The induced draft fan 21 is arranged at the rear end of the spray tower 20 and is used for promoting the flow of dust mixed tail gas into other purification equipment. The induced draft fan 21 comprises a fan body provided with an air inlet and an air outlet; the air inlet is communicated with the air outlet of the spray tower 20 through a pipeline, and the air outlet is used for discharging the treated tail gas to the atmosphere or a subsequent treatment unit; the fan body provides power, so that the tail gas continuously flows in the tail gas treatment system composed of the activated carbon adsorption device 18, the UV photolysis device 19, the spray tower 20 and itself, and the power supply of the tail gas treatment process is ensured.

[0052] The inert gas supply device 22 comprises an inert gas storage tank and a flow regulating valve, the inert gas storage tank is connected with the stripping machine 4 and the joule heating device 12 through the gas circulation pipeline, and the flow regulating valve is arranged on the gas circulation pipeline. The upper part of the inert gas supply device 22 is further connected with an adjuster 13, the adjuster 13 is a cavity provided with a spiral flow channel, a blower fan is arranged in the cavity to blow air along the spiral flow channel, the combination of the blower fan and the spiral flow channel can make the powder-shaped air body rotate spirally in the cavity, the material residence time is adjusted by changing the power of the blower fan, and uniform treatment is ensured; the other side of the inner wall surface of the cavity is provided with a heating pipe, and the heating pipe and the blower fan are used for maintaining stable heating, so as to ensure the uniformity and safety of heating.

[0053] The front analyzer 10 and the rear analyzer 16 each include an XRD X-ray diffractometer and an ICP-AES quantitative analyzer. The X-ray diffractometer (hereinafter referred to as XRD) generates rays by an X-ray tube, high-speed electrons in the tube hit a metal target such as copper or molybdenum, excite characteristic X-rays, and after filtering and collimation, form a monochromatic and parallel X-ray beam and irradiate the sample to be measured. If the sample is in a crystalline state, the regularly arranged atomic crystal planes in its interior will act as a three-dimensional diffraction grating. When the included angle θ between the incident X-rays and the crystal plane satisfies the Bragg diffraction condition, constructive interference occurs, and a diffraction beam is generated. By coupling scanning in a specific diffraction angle range with a goniometer, the intensity and angle distribution of the diffracted X-rays are recorded by a detector, and thus the X-ray diffraction pattern of the sample is obtained. By analyzing the diffraction peak position, intensity and peak shape in the pattern, phase identification, cell parameter refinement and full spectrum fitting analysis can be performed, so that qualitative and quantitative determination of structural parameters such as sample phase composition, crystal structure, grain size and microstrain can be realized. In addition, the front analyzer 10 and the rear analyzer 16 are also matched with an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (hereinafter referred to as ICP-AES) to realize accurate analysis of the element composition and content in the sample. After digestion treatment, the very fine powder is converted into a homogeneous liquid sample, and after being converted into an aerosol by an atomizer, it is sent into a high-temperature plasma environment by a carrier gas (usually argon). The aerosol is rapidly vaporized and atomized, and the outer shell electrons of the atom are excited to high energy levels by absorbing energy. Then, when they jump back to low energy levels, they release characteristic spectra of specific wavelengths (the characteristic spectral wavelengths of different elements are unique). By stripping and detecting the characteristic spectra with a spectrometer, recording the intensity information, and combining the calibration curve drawn by the standard solution of known concentration, the content of the target element in the sample can be quantitatively calculated. After analysis and processing, the elements with insufficient content are proportionally supplemented through the supplement pipeline 9, and then enter the joule heating device 12 for heating and repair. By combining the analysis of the crystal structure of the sample by XRD and the determination of the element composition by ICP-AES, the physical structure and chemical composition of the very fine powder can be fully characterized, providing complete data support for evaluating the quality of the regenerated very fine powder and optimizing the regeneration process.

[0054] The front analyzer 10 and the rear analyzer 16 constitute a two-stage analysis detection system. Due to the large fluctuation of the raw material composition of waste batteries and the defects in the crystal structure (such as the disorder of the layered structure of ternary materials), the performance of the regenerated material after traditional process heating is attenuated. The first-stage analysis (the front analyzer 10) detects the crystal structure by XRD and quantitatively analyzes the target element content by ICP-AES, and automatically calculates the supplement proportion according to the analysis results, to ensure that the element content of the material entering the joule heating device 12 deviates by ≤±1%, solving the problem of poor composition stability in the traditional regeneration process without a supplement link. After the flash heating rod 24 and the front grinder 8, the material may have problems such as local purity not meeting the standard, particle size exceeding the threshold, and incomplete crystal structure repair. Single analysis lacks closed-loop verification, leading to unqualified products flowing out. The second-stage analysis (the rear analyzer 16) as the final quality control link of the production line, after joule heating and secondary grinding, performs final quality evaluation on the regenerated material, focusing on detecting product purity and impurities, crystal structure integrity, and particle size distribution, etc. The unqualified material is returned to the secondary grinding link to ensure that the regenerated material meets the battery-grade use standard and improves the stability and quality of batch production. The two-stage analysis works cooperatively to realize closed-loop quality control of the whole process.

[0055] The rear analyzer 16 is connected to the ultra-fine powder finished product discharge port 25. If the analysis product composition and purity are qualified, the ultra-fine powder finished product discharge port 25 outputs the final product to the collection unit for collecting and storing the regenerated ultra-fine powder.

[0056] Embodiment 2 The difference between this embodiment and embodiment 1 is that: As shown in Figure 3 The embodiment also discloses a waste lithium battery material regeneration process based on joule heating, comprising the following steps: The pretreatment unit splits, crushes, screens, and grinds the waste materials, and supplements the materials according to the analysis of the ground materials; The material to be sent into the joule heating device 12 is instantaneously heated; The ground ultra-fine powder material is heated in the joule heating device 12; The heated ultra-fine powder material is secondarily screened and ground, and the materials are supplemented according to the analysis.

[0057] Specifically, the material to be sent into the joule heating device 12 is instantaneously heated, comprising the following steps: For ternary positive electrode materials, the heating temperature is 900-950℃; For lithium iron phosphate materials, the heating temperature is 750-1200℃; For negative electrode materials, the heating temperature is 2500℃.

[0058] Specifically, the feeding according to the analysis includes the following steps: The crystal structure is detected by XRD, the target element content is quantitatively analyzed by ICP-AES, and the feeding ratio is automatically calculated according to the analysis results to ensure that the element content deviation of the material to be instantaneously heated is ≤±1%.

[0059] Example 3 The difference between this example and Example 1 is that: The battery module raw material enters the module splitting module 2, and the module splitting module 2 peels off the battery module raw material into battery monomers by mechanical cutting, wherein the cutting speed is 5-15 mm / s, the cutting depth is adapted to the overall thickness of the battery module raw material to be split (error ≤±0.2 mm), and the cut width is ≤0.5 mm, so as to ensure that the cutting process does not damage the shell structure and internal battery core of the battery monomer.

[0060] Example 4 This example is for the processing process of lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material: Firstly, the battery lithium iron phosphate positive plate obtained after splitting by the module splitting module 2 and processing by the cell cutting unit 3 is conveyed to the front end of the stripping machine 4, and the power supply of the whole device is turned on. When the stripping machine 4 works, the lithium iron phosphate positive plate is instantaneously heated to pyrolyze the adhesive between the battery positive material and the aluminum foil, and then the positive material and the aluminum foil are stripped and recycled, and the preliminarily extracted positive material is conveyed to the pulverizer 5. When the pulverizer 5 works, the preliminarily extracted positive material enters the pulverizer 5, and the positive material is mechanically pulverized, and the positive material meeting the particle size requirements of the subsequent process after pulverization is conveyed to the subsequent sorting system. When the sorting system works, the positive material enters the front rotary screen 7 for first-stage screening, a double-layer rotary screen device is used, the vibration frequency is set to 50 Hz, and the single screening time is 30 s. Among them, the upper screen aperture is 3 mm, which is used to intercept aluminum foil fragments, copper foil fragments and membrane block impurities with a particle size of ≥3 mm; the lower screen aperture is 120 mesh (corresponding to a particle size of ≤125 μm), which is used to screen out coarse materials meeting the subsequent grinding requirements, preliminarily extract positive materials meeting the particle size range requirements, and convey them to the front grinder 8. When the front grinder 8 works, the grinding speed is set to 350-550 rpm, the ball-to-material ratio is 15:1-20:1, the medium filling rate is 55%-65%, and the grinding time is 10 min. The positive material enters the front grinder 8 for first-stage grinding, and the preliminarily ground positive material enters the front analyzer 10 for first-stage analysis. The crystal structure of the positive material is detected by XRD to control the structure order degree to be ≥90%, and when the order degree is <90%, the first-stage grinding time is extended by 2 min; meanwhile, the particle size distribution is detected to control D50=20-30 μm, and when the particle size exceeds the standard, it is returned to the first-stage grinding for reprocessing; the components of the positive material are analyzed by ICP-AES, and the materials are supplemented and mixed according to the material components to ensure that the element content deviation of the material entering the joule heating device 12 is ≤±1%. The positive material is sent to the joule heating device 12 through the fine powder conveying belt 11. When the joule heating device 12 works, the temperature monitoring and control system accurately controls the related core parameters; the heating temperature is controlled at 750-1200℃, and through the synergistic effect of instantaneous ultra-high temperature (>1200℃) and rapid cooling (≤1 second), the waste old phosphorus iron slag (S-FP) can be reorganized at the atomic scale to realize structure repair and obtain in-situ regenerated positive material; the inert gas supply device 22 continuously fills inert gas into the joule heating device 12 at a flow rate of 3-5 L / min to isolate oxygen and prevent the material from being oxidized at high temperature, and at the same time promote the uniform distribution of the temperature in the joule heating device 12 to avoid local overheating; due to the use of instantaneous thermal shock, the rapid heating characteristics of the joule heating can significantly shorten the heating time, so the holding time is controlled at 600 ms-1 s; during the whole heating process, the temperature monitoring and control system monitors the temperature at all times to ensure safety while ensuring the effect of instantaneous thermal shock.The positive electrode material after joule heating enters the post-rotary vibration screen 14, the post-grinding machine 15 and the post-analyzer 16 in turn, and is subjected to cyclic grinding, screening and analysis. The second-stage screening (post-rotary vibration screen 14) uses a single-layer high-precision rotary vibration screening device, is equipped with a negative pressure powder suction device to avoid dust flying, the vibration frequency is set to 60 Hz, the single screening time is 20 s, the screen mesh number is 200 meshes (corresponding to a particle size of 75 μm), and is used to intercept hard agglomerates with a particle size of ≥75 μm. The agglomerates in this part will be transported to the second-stage grinding link (post-grinding machine 15), the grinding speed is set to 90% of the initial grinding, the ball-to-material ratio and the medium filling rate remain unchanged, the grinding time is 6 min, and the material particle size is refined to 5-20 μm. The fine material with a particle size of ≤75 μm is directly transported to the second-stage analysis link (post-analyzer 16), the impurity content is detected, the Cu and Al impurity contents are controlled to be ≤1.5%, the particle size distribution is detected, D50 is controlled to be 10-15 μm, and when the particle size exceeds the standard, it is returned to the second-stage grinding. Finally, high-quality positive electrode materials meeting the particle size distribution and purity requirements are output after strict screening. By setting the tail gas treatment system connected with the post-rotary vibration screen 14, the exhaust gas generated by the whole process is treated by the active carbon adsorption device 18, the UV photolysis device 19, the spray tower 20 and the induced draft fan 21, so that the exhaust gas meets the environmental protection requirements.

[0061] Example 5 This example is a treatment process for ternary positive electrode materials: Firstly, the battery ternary positive plate obtained after splitting by the module splitting module 2 and processing by the cell cutting unit 3 is conveyed to the front end of the stripping machine 4, and the power supply of the whole device is turned on. When the stripping machine 4 works, the ternary positive plate is instantaneously heated to pyrolyze the binder between the battery positive material and the aluminum foil, and then the positive material and the aluminum foil are stripped and recycled, and the preliminarily extracted positive material is conveyed to the pulverizer 5. When the pulverizer 5 works, the preliminarily extracted positive material enters the pulverizer 5, and the positive material is mechanically pulverized, and the positive material meeting the particle size requirements of the subsequent process after pulverization is conveyed to the subsequent sorting system. When the sorting system works, the positive material enters the front rotary screen 7 for first-stage screening, a double-layer rotary screen device is used, the vibration frequency is set to 50 Hz, and the single screening time is 30 s. Among them, the upper screen aperture is 3 mm, which is used to intercept aluminum foil fragments, copper foil fragments and membrane block impurities with a particle size of ≥3 mm; the lower screen aperture is 120 mesh (corresponding to a particle size of ≤125 μm), which is used to screen out coarse materials meeting the subsequent grinding requirements, preliminarily extract ternary positive materials meeting the particle size range requirements, and convey them to the front grinder 8. When the front grinder 8 works, the grinding speed is set to 250-450 rpm, the ball-to-material ratio is 10:1-15:1, the medium filling rate is 50%-60%, and the grinding time is 8 min. The positive material enters the front grinder 8 for first-stage grinding, the preliminarily ground positive material enters the front analyzer 10 for first-stage analysis, the crystal structure of the positive material is detected by XRD, the structure order is controlled to be ≥90%, and when the order is <90%, the first-stage grinding time is extended by 2 min; meanwhile, the particle size distribution is detected, D50 is controlled to be 25-35 μm, and when the particle size exceeds the standard, it is returned to the first-stage grinding for reprocessing; the components of the positive material are analyzed by ICP-AES, and the materials are supplemented and mixed according to the material components to ensure that the element content deviation of the material entering the joule heating device 12 is ≤±1%. The positive material is sent to the joule heating device 12 through the fine powder conveying belt 11, the temperature monitoring and control system accurately controls the related core parameters when the joule heating device 12 works; the heating temperature is accurately controlled at 950℃, lithium is converted into a soluble compound by flash joule heating, and nickel, cobalt and manganese metals are self-assembled into a multi-metal hydroxide film catalyst (NCM-OH), and transient high temperature and rapid quenching inhibit lithium volatilization; the inert gas supply device 22 controls the inert gas to be filled at a flow rate of 5 L / min to ensure the heating stability in a high-temperature environment and avoid lithium volatilization and transition metal oxidation; due to the use of flash joule heating, the holding time is controlled at about 500 ms, which can realize selective extraction of lithium and high-value conversion of transition metals. The positive material after joule heating is sequentially conveyed to the rear rotary screen 14, the rear grinder 15 and the rear analyzer 16 for cyclic grinding, screening and analysis.The second-stage screening uses a single-layer high-precision rotary vibration screening device, equipped with a negative pressure powder suction device to avoid dust flying, the vibration frequency is set to 60 Hz, the single screening time is 20 s, the screen mesh size is 200 meshes (corresponding to a particle size of 75 pm), and the particle size of the hard agglomerates of 75 pm or more is intercepted. This part of the agglomerates will be transported to the second-stage grinding link, the grinding speed is set to 90% of the initial grinding, the ball-to-material ratio and the medium filling rate remain unchanged, the grinding time is 5 min, and the material particle size is refined to 5-25 pm; the fine material with a particle size of 75 pm or less is directly transported to the second-stage analysis link, and the impurity content is detected to control the Cu and Al impurity content to be less than or equal to 1.5%; the particle size distribution is detected to control D50=15-20 pm, and when the particle size exceeds the standard, it is returned to the second-stage grinding. The high-quality positive electrode material that meets the particle size distribution and purity requirements is finally output after strict screening. By setting the tail gas treatment system connected with the rear rotary vibration screen 14, the exhaust gas generated by the whole process is sequentially treated by the activated carbon adsorption device 18, the UV photolysis device 19, the spray tower 20, and the induced flow treatment by the induced draft fan 21, so as to meet the environmental protection requirements.

[0062] Example 6 This example is a processing process for a negative electrode material: First, the battery negative plate obtained after the battery negative plate is split by the module splitting module 2 and processed by the cell cutting unit 3 is conveyed to the front end of the stripping machine 4, and the power supply of the whole device is turned on. When the stripping machine 4 works, the negative plate is instantaneously heated to pyrolyze the adhesive between the battery negative material and the copper foil, and then the negative material and the copper foil are stripped and recycled, and the preliminary extracted negative material is conveyed to the pulverizer 5. When the pulverizer 5 works, the preliminary extracted negative material enters the pulverizer 5, and the negative material is mechanically pulverized, and the negative material meeting the particle size requirements of the subsequent process after pulverization is conveyed to the subsequent sorting system. When the sorting system works, the negative material (graphite) and the copper foil are stripped by flotation based on the difference in surface wettability of graphite and aluminum foil, and the negative material is sent to the front grinder 8. When the front grinder 8 works, the grinding speed is set to 200-400 rpm, the ball-to-material ratio is set to 5:1-15:1, the medium filling rate is 30%-50%, and the grinding time is 6 min. The negative material enters the front grinder 8 for first-stage grinding. The negative material after the first grinding enters the front analyzer 10 for first-stage analysis. The crystal structure of the negative material is detected by XRD to control the graphite interlayer spacing to be 0.336±0.003 nm, and when the interlayer spacing deviation is too large, the first-stage grinding time is extended by 2 min; At the same time, the particle size distribution is detected to control D50=15-25μm, and when the particle size exceeds the standard, it is returned to the first-stage grinding for reprocessing; The components of the negative material are analyzed by ICP-AES, and the material components are supplemented and mixed to ensure that the element content deviation of the material entering the joule heating device 12 is ≤±1%. The negative material is sent to the joule heating device 12 through the fine powder conveying belt 11. When the joule heating device 12 works, the temperature monitoring and control system accurately controls the related core parameters; the heating temperature is quickly raised to about 2500℃ to completely decompose the SEI film and the adhesive, while avoiding the destruction of the graphite layer structure; the holding time is controlled to be about 200ms to avoid long time causing damage to the structure of the negative graphite; the inert gas supply device 22 controls the inert gas to be filled at a flow rate of 5-10L / min to ensure that the oxygen content in the reaction cavity is <50ppm to avoid oxidation of the material. The negative material after joule heating is sequentially conveyed to the rear rotary screen 14, the rear grinder 15 and the rear analyzer 16 for cyclic grinding, screening and analysis.The second-stage screening uses a single-layer high-precision rotary vibration screening device, equipped with a negative pressure powder suction device to avoid dust flying, the vibration frequency is set to 60 Hz, the single screening time is 20 s, the screen mesh size is 200 meshes (corresponding to a particle size of 75 μm), and the device is used to intercept hard agglomerates with a particle size of ≥75 μm. The agglomerates in this part will be transported to the second-stage grinding link, the grinding speed is set to 90% of the initial grinding, the ball-to-material ratio and the medium filling rate remain unchanged, the grinding time is 4 min, and the material particle size is refined to 5-18 μm; the fine material with a particle size of ≤75 μm is directly transported to the second-stage analysis link, and the impurity content is detected to control the Cu and Al impurity content to be ≤1.5%; the particle size distribution is detected to control D50=10-15 μm, and when the particle size exceeds the standard, it is returned to the second-stage grinding. Finally, the high-quality regenerated graphite product that meets the particle size distribution and purity requirements is output after strict screening. By setting the tail gas treatment system connected with the rear rotary vibration screen 14, the exhaust gas generated by the whole process is sequentially treated by passing through the activated carbon adsorption device 18, the UV photolysis device 19, the spray tower 20, and the induced flow of the induced draft fan 21, so as to meet the environmental protection requirements.

[0063] The above embodiment is only one of the implementation manners of the technical scheme of the present application, and the scope of the present application is not limited to the above embodiment. Any changes, substitutions and other implementation manners that can be easily thought of by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present application are also included in the scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A waste lithium battery material regeneration system based on Joule heating, characterized in that, The system comprises a pretreatment unit, a heating unit, a post-treatment unit, and a collection unit connected in sequence. The pretreatment unit is used for splitting, crushing, screening, grinding, and analyzing materials. The heating unit includes a Joule heating device (12), a flash heating rod (24), an inert gas supply device (22), a temperature monitoring element, and a gas circulation pipeline. The Joule heating device (12) is used to heat and sinter the materials. The flash heating rod (24) is used to provide instantaneous heating to the pretreatment unit. The inert gas supply device (22) is connected to the pretreatment unit and the Joule heating device (12) respectively through the gas circulation pipeline. The temperature monitoring element is located inside the Joule heating device (12). The post-treatment unit is used for secondary screening, grinding, and analysis of sintered materials. The collection unit is used to collect and store the regenerated electrode powder.

2. The waste lithium battery material regeneration system based on Joule heating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inert gas supply device (22) further includes an inert gas storage tank and a flow regulating valve. The inert gas storage tank is connected to the gas circulation pipeline, and the flow regulating valve is installed on the gas circulation pipeline.

3. The waste lithium battery material regeneration system based on Joule heating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The pretreatment unit includes a module splitting module (2), a cell cutting unit (3), a peeling machine (4), a crusher (5), a front vibrating screen (7), a front grinding machine (8), a front analyzer (10), and a conveyor belt connected in sequence. The module splitting module (2) is used to split the material. The peeling machine (4) is connected to the gas circulation pipeline and is used to cut the split material and introduce inert gas for protection and purging. The peeling machine (4) is equipped with the flash heating rod (24) to separate the positive electrode material on the positive electrode sheet from the electrode sheet and to dissolve and volatilize the positive electrode material and binder. The crusher (5) is used to crush the separated positive electrode material into coarse powder. The front vibrating screen (7) adopts a double-layer vibrating screen device, with the upper screen mesh having a diameter of 3-3.5 mm and the lower screen mesh having a diameter of 120-150 mesh. The vibration frequency of the front vibrating screen (7) is 50-60Hz, and the single screening time is 30-45s; the front grinding mill (8) is used to grind the material into fine powder, wherein the grinding speed is 350-550rpm, the ball-to-material ratio is 15:1-20:1, and the medium filling rate is 55%-65% when grinding lithium iron phosphate cathode material; the grinding speed is 250-450rpm, the ball-to-material ratio is 10:1-15:1, and the medium filling rate is 50%-60% when grinding ternary cathode material; the grinding speed is 200-400rpm, the ball-to-material ratio is set to 5:1-15:1, and the medium filling rate is 30%-50% when grinding anode material; the front analyzer (10) is used to detect whether the physical properties of the material are qualified; the conveyor belt is used to transport the pre-treated material to the heating unit.

4. The waste lithium battery material regeneration system based on Joule heating according to claim 1, characterized in that, The post-processing unit includes a post-rotary vibrating screen (14), a post-grinding mill (15), and a post-analyzer (16) connected in sequence. The post-rotary vibrating screen (14) is connected to the rear end of the Joule heating device (12). The post-rotary vibrating screen (14) adopts a single-layer high-precision rotary vibrating screen device and is equipped with a negative pressure powder suction device. The screen mesh size of the post-rotary vibrating screen (14) is 200-250 mesh, the vibration frequency is 60-70Hz, and the single screening time is 15-20s. The post-grinding mill (15) is connected to the rear end of the post-rotary vibrating screen (14) and is used to grind the material into fine powder. The post-analyzer (16) is connected to the rear end of the post-grinding mill (15) and is used to detect and quantitatively analyze the material to determine its qualification and guide the replenishment.

5. A waste lithium battery material regeneration system based on Joule heating according to claim 4, characterized in that, The post-processing unit also includes a granulator for grinding the material to a set particle size range, and the granulator is connected to the rear end of the post-grinding mill (15).

6. The waste lithium battery material regeneration system based on Joule heating according to claim 4, characterized in that, The post-treatment unit also includes an induced draft fan (21) and an activated carbon adsorption device (18), a UV photolysis device (19), and a spray tower (20) connected through an exhaust gas treatment pipe (17); the activated carbon adsorption device (18) is used to collect the dust-mixed exhaust gas generated during heating and grinding; the UV photolysis device (19) is used to photolyze VOCs; the spray tower (20) is used to wet and settle HF in the exhaust gas; the induced draft fan (21) is located at the rear end of the spray tower (20) to promote the dust-mixed exhaust gas to flow into other purification equipment.

7. A waste lithium battery material regeneration system based on Joule heating according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that, Both the pre-analyzer (10) and the post-analyzer (16) include an XRD diffractometer and an ICP-AES quantitative analyzer.

8. A recycling process for waste lithium battery materials based on Joule heating, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: The pretreatment unit splits, crushes, screens, and grinds waste materials, and replenishes materials based on the analysis of the ground materials; The material to be fed into the Joule heating device (12) is instantaneously heated; The ground powder material is heated in the Joule heating device (12); The heated powder material is subjected to secondary screening and grinding, and supplementary feeding is carried out based on the analysis.

9. The waste lithium battery material regeneration process based on Joule heating according to claim 8, characterized in that, The instantaneous heating of the material to be fed into the Joule heating device (12) includes the following steps: For ternary cathode materials, the heating temperature is 900-950℃; For lithium iron phosphate materials, the heating temperature is 750-1200℃; For the negative electrode material, the heating temperature is 2500℃.

10. The waste lithium battery material regeneration process based on Joule heating according to claim 8, characterized in that, The process of replenishing materials based on analysis includes the following steps: XRD is used to detect the crystal structure, ICP-AES is used to quantitatively analyze the content of target elements, and the feeding ratio is automatically calculated based on the analysis results to ensure that the element content deviation of the material to be instantaneously heated is ≤±1%.

Images