Control unit and method for managing power supply and energy storage in hybrid power generation system

Abstract

A control unit and method for managing power sources and energy storage in a hybrid power generation system configured to meet power requirements of one or more electrical loads, and comprising: a main power source comprising one or more fuel cells, the one or more fuel cells are configured to convert hydrogen into electric power; an auxiliary power supply including a combustion engine and a generator configured to generate to convert fuel to electrical power; and an energy storage system configured to support the main power source and the auxiliary power source, and wherein the control unit is configured to monitor the power demand of the one or more electrical loads, and connect the energy storage system to support at least one of the main power source and the auxiliary power source when a peak of the power demand is detected.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to power generation systems. In particular aspects, the present disclosure relates to a control unit and method for managing power sources and energy storage in a hybrid power generation system. The present disclosure can be applied to any hybrid power generation system, but can also be applied to vehicles, ships, and machinery that utilize hybrid power generation systems. While the present disclosure can be described in relation to power generation systems, the present disclosure is not limited to any particular power generation system. BACKGROUND

[0002] Fuel cells are recognized for their efficiency in converting hydrogen to electricity, making them suitable for continuous, steady-state applications in power generation systems. However, they react slowly to rapid changes in power demand, requiring additional systems to effectively manage transient loads. Batteries can typically fill this role, as they are able to react quickly to sudden fluctuations. However, relying solely on batteries to handle variable loads would require a large energy storage capacity, which would increase complexity and cost. Furthermore, battery performance degrades with each charging cycle, leading to reduced service life and increased replacement costs.

[0003] Accordingly, there is a need for improved fuel cell-based power generation systems to account for rapid changes in power demand without relying solely on expensive battery systems. Such systems should be able to significantly reduce energy storage requirements while maintaining performance and efficiency. SUMMARY

[0004] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, a control unit for managing power sources and energy storage systems in a hybrid power generation system is disclosed. The hybrid power generation system is configured to meet power demands of one or more electrical loads and includes a primary power source comprising one or more fuel cells and an inverter, wherein the one or more fuel cells are configured to convert hydrogen to electricity and the inverter is configured to convert direct current output of the one or more fuel cells to alternating current; an auxiliary power source comprising a combustion engine and a generator, wherein the engine is configured to produce rotational power from fuel and the generator is configured to convert the rotational power to electricity; and an energy storage system configured to support the primary power source and the auxiliary power source. The control unit is configured to monitor power demands of the one or more electrical loads and connect the energy storage system to support at least one of the primary power source and the auxiliary power source upon detecting a peak in power demand. The first aspect of the present disclosure aims to provide a control unit that is able to effectively manage rapid changes in power demand in an economically efficient manner. Technical benefits can include significantly reducing energy storage requirements, as the energy storage system only needs to support the primary power source and the auxiliary power source during power demand peaks and can be disconnected once the auxiliary power source 130 reaches sufficient engine power output.

[0005] Optionally, in some examples, including at least one preferred example, the control unit is configured to divide the power demand into a base load and a variable load, and to control the power output of the main power source and the auxiliary power source such that the main power source supplies power to meet the base load and the auxiliary power source supplies power to meet the variable load. Technical benefits may include the ability to utilize the high efficiency of the fuel cell during steady-state operation, while the combustion engine can efficiently handle variable loads.

[0006] Optionally, in some examples, including at least one preferred example, the control unit 110 is configured to adjust the base load by assessing the power demand over a specified time interval. Technical benefits may include the ability to optimize load distribution between the fuel cell and the combustion engine, thereby improving the overall system efficiency and performance.

[0007] Optionally, in some examples, including at least one preferred example, monitoring power demand includes monitoring the rotational speed of the combustion engine 131, and detecting peak power demand includes detecting a drop in the rotational speed below a predefined threshold. Technical benefits may include the ability to quickly detect peak power demand exceeding the power supply capacity, thereby enabling immediate connection of an energy storage system to support both primary and auxiliary power sources.

[0008] Optionally, in some examples, including at least one preferred example, connecting the energy storage system to the main power source includes connecting the energy storage system in parallel to the DC output of the main power source 120. Technical benefits may include the energy storage system's ability to immediately increase DC output power, thereby increasing the total output power of the hybrid power generation system.

[0009] Optionally, in some examples, including at least one preferred example, the combustion engine further includes an electric booster configured to enhance engine power by supplying compressed air to the engine, wherein connecting an energy storage system to the auxiliary power source includes connecting the energy storage system to the booster. Technical benefits may include improved responsiveness of the auxiliary power source, as the energy storage system provides electricity to enhance engine performance.

[0010] Optionally, in some examples, including at least one preferred example, the control unit is also configured to control the charging of the energy storage system by connecting the energy storage system as a load to the main power supply and the auxiliary power supply. Technical benefits may include integrating the charging of the energy storage system as part of the overall power management.

[0011] Optionally, in some examples, including at least one preferred example, the energy storage system includes a supercapacitor. Technical benefits may include reduced performance degradation due to charge and discharge cycles, resulting in a longer lifespan compared to conventional rechargeable battery systems.

[0012] According to a second aspect of this disclosure, a hybrid power generation system is disclosed. The hybrid power generation system is configured to meet the power demand of one or more electrical loads and includes: a main power source comprising one or more fuel cells and an inverter, wherein the one or more fuel cells are configured to convert hydrogen into electricity, and the inverter is configured to convert the DC output of the one or more fuel cells into AC; an auxiliary power source comprising a combustion engine and a generator, wherein the engine is configured to generate rotational power from fuel, and the generator is configured to convert the rotational power into electricity; an energy storage system configured to support the main power source and the auxiliary power source; and a control unit according to any of the examples of the first aspect of this disclosure. The second aspect of this disclosure seeks to provide a power generation system capable of cost-effectively responding to rapid changes in power demand. Technical benefits may include significantly reduced energy storage requirements, as the energy storage system only needs to support both the main power source and the auxiliary power source during peak power demand periods and can be disconnected once the auxiliary power source reaches sufficient engine power output.

[0013] Optionally, in some examples, including at least one preferred example, the fuel used in the combustion engine is methanol, and the hybrid power generation system further includes a methanol reformer configured to reform methanol into hydrogen to supply the fuel cell system. Technical benefits may include improved fuel handling, as both the main power source and auxiliary power source use the same fuel.

[0014] According to a third aspect of this disclosure, a method for managing power sources and energy storage in a hybrid power generation system is disclosed. The hybrid power generation system is configured to meet the power demands of one or more electrical loads and includes: a main power source comprising one or more fuel cells and an inverter, wherein the one or more fuel cells are configured to convert hydrogen into electricity, and the inverter is configured to convert the DC output of the one or more fuel cells into AC output; an auxiliary power source comprising a combustion engine and a generator, wherein the engine is configured to generate rotational power from fuel, and the generator is configured to convert the rotational power into electricity; and an energy storage system configured to support the main power source and the auxiliary power source. The method includes: monitoring the power demands of the one or more electrical loads; detecting a peak in the power demands; and, in response to detecting the peak in the power demands, connecting the energy storage system to support at least one of the main power source and the auxiliary power source. The third aspect of this disclosure seeks to provide a method capable of cost-effectively responding to rapid changes in power demand. Technological benefits could include significantly reduced energy storage requirements, as the energy storage system only needs to support both the main and auxiliary power sources during peak electricity demand periods, and can be disconnected once the auxiliary power source reaches sufficient engine power output.

[0015] Optionally, in some examples, including at least one preferred example, the method further includes dividing the power demand into a base load and a variable load, and controlling the power output of the main power source and the auxiliary power source such that the main power source supplies power to meet the base load and the auxiliary power source supplies power to meet the variable load. Technical benefits may include the ability to utilize the high efficiency of the fuel cell during steady-state operation, while the combustion engine can efficiently handle variable loads.

[0016] Optionally, in some examples, including at least one preferred example, the partitioning may include adjusting the base load by assessing the power demand over a specified time interval. Technical benefits may include the ability to optimize load distribution between the fuel cell and the combustion engine, thereby improving the overall system efficiency and performance.

[0017] Optionally, in some examples, including at least one preferred example, monitoring includes monitoring the rotational speed of the combustion engine, and wherein detecting peak power demand includes detecting a drop in the rotational speed below a predefined threshold. Technical benefits may include the ability to quickly detect peaks exceeding power capacity, thereby enabling immediate connection of energy storage systems to support both primary and auxiliary power sources.

[0018] Optionally, in some examples, including at least one preferred example, connecting the energy storage system to the main power source includes connecting the energy storage system in parallel to the DC output of the main power source. Technical benefits may include the energy storage system's ability to immediately increase DC output power, thereby increasing the total output power of the hybrid power generation system.

[0019] Optionally, in some examples, including at least one preferred example, the combustion engine includes an electric booster configured to enhance engine power by supplying compressed air to the engine, and wherein connecting an energy storage system to the auxiliary power source includes connecting the energy storage system to the booster. Technical benefits may include improved responsiveness of the auxiliary power source, as the energy storage system provides electricity to enhance engine performance.

[0020] Optionally, in some examples, including at least one preferred example, the method further includes charging the energy storage system by connecting it as a load to the main power supply and the auxiliary power supply, and accordingly increasing the output power of the auxiliary power supply. Technical benefits may include integrating the charging of the energy storage system as part of the overall power management.

[0021] Optionally, in some examples, including at least one preferred example, the energy storage system includes a supercapacitor. Technical benefits may include reduced performance degradation due to charge and discharge cycles, resulting in a longer lifespan compared to conventional rechargeable battery systems.

[0022] Those skilled in the art will understand that the disclosed aspects, examples (including any preferred examples), and / or appended claims can be appropriately combined with each other. Additional features and advantages are disclosed in the following description, claims, and drawings, and will be apparent in part to those skilled in the art or recognized by practicing this disclosure as described herein.

[0023] This document also discloses computer systems, control units, code modules, computer-implemented methods, computer-readable media, and computer program products related to the technical benefits discussed above. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The examples are described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0025] Figure 1 A hybrid power generation system according to an example is shown, the hybrid power generation system including a main power source equipped with one or more fuel cells configured to convert hydrogen into electricity; an auxiliary power source including a combustion engine and a generator; an energy storage system; and a control unit.

[0026] Figure 2 A hybrid power generation system according to an example is shown, wherein the combustion engine also includes an electric auxiliary booster.

[0027] Figure 3 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for monitoring and managing power sources and energy storage in a hybrid power generation system, based on an example.

[0028] Figure 4A The control unit is shown schematically.

[0029] Figure 4B An example of a computer program product is shown.

[0030] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of an exemplary computer system for implementing the examples disclosed herein, based on examples. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The detailed description set forth below provides information and examples of the disclosed technology in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice this disclosure.

[0032] Figures 1-2 A first aspect of this disclosure is shown, relating to a control unit 110 for managing the power supply and energy storage system in a hybrid power generation system 100. Figure 1 A hybrid power generation system 100 is shown, which includes a control unit 110, a main power supply 120, an auxiliary power supply 130, and an energy storage system 140 configured to support the main power supply 120 and the auxiliary power supply 130. The hybrid power generation system 100 is configured to meet the power demands of one or more connected electrical loads 160.

[0033] Control unit 110 is configured to monitor the power demand of one or more electrical loads 160 and, upon detecting a peak in power demand, connect energy storage system 140 to support at least one of main power supply 120 and auxiliary power supply 130. The advantage of this approach is that it significantly reduces the storage requirements of energy storage system 140, as the system only needs to support both the main and auxiliary power supplies during peak power demand periods and can be disconnected once the auxiliary power supply 130 reaches sufficient power output.

[0034] The main power source includes one or more fuel cells 121 and an inverter 123. The one or more fuel cells are configured to convert hydrogen into electricity through a reaction with oxygen. Since the one or more fuel cells produce a DC output, the inverter 123 is configured to convert the DC output to AC to supply AC power to one or more electrical loads connected to the hybrid power generation system 100. In some examples, a DC-DC converter 122 may be needed to convert the DC output of the one or more fuel cells 121 to a standard voltage compatible with the energy storage system 140. The output power of the one or more fuel cells 121 is typically managed by a control unit, which can send commands to increase or decrease the output power.

[0035] The auxiliary power supply 130 includes a combustion engine 131 and a generator 132. The combustion engine is configured to generate rotational power from fuel, and the generator 132 is configured to convert rotational power into electricity. The fuel can be diesel, gasoline, methanol, ethanol, natural gas, hydrogen, or any fuel suitable for use in the combustion engine. The AC output of the generator is connected to the AC output of the inverter 123. Both the generator 132 and the inverter 123 are configured to maintain the same output voltage and ensure phase synchronization. In power generation scenarios, the combustion engine 131 is typically controlled to maintain a constant speed and frequency. Therefore, if the power demand exceeds the output, the engine speed will decrease, prompting the engine to increase power to restore the speed.

[0036] In some examples, control unit 110 is configured to divide power demand into base load and variable load, and control the power output of main power supply 120 and auxiliary power supply 130 such that main power supply 120 supplies power to meet the base load and auxiliary power supply 130 supplies power to meet the variable load. The base load reflects a stable power demand compatible with the steady-state operation of one or more fuel cells 121. Typically, the base load remains constant; however, control unit 110 can adjust it as the power demand of one or more electrical loads 160 changes. For example, control unit 110 can assess the power demand over a specified time period to establish an appropriate base load. In one example, the base load might correspond to the minimum power demand observed during that specified interval.

[0037] As mentioned above, control unit 110 is configured to monitor the power demand of one or more electrical loads 160 and, upon detecting a peak in power demand, connect energy storage system 140 to support at least one of main power supply 120 and auxiliary power supply 130. To monitor power demand, control unit 110 can be configured to monitor the rotational speed of combustion engine 131. This speed can be obtained from speed sensor 133, which is configured to measure the rotational speed of the coupling (or shaft) connecting combustion engine 131 to generator 132. Detecting a peak in power demand may involve detecting a drop in rotational speed, such as when the speed drops below a predefined threshold. This drop indicates that the combustion engine is struggling to meet the power demand, thus providing an efficient and rapid method to detect peak demand exceeding the capacity of power supplies 120 and 130. The predefined threshold can be determined by calibrating the hybrid power generation system or by testing other systems utilizing the same type of combustion engine and energy storage system.

[0038] In some examples, and such as Figure 1 As illustrated in the example, connecting the energy storage system 140 to support at least one of the main power supply and auxiliary power supply 120 may include connecting the energy storage system 140 in parallel to the DC output of the main power supply 120. Technical benefits may include the effect of the energy storage system 140 in immediately increasing the DC output power, thereby increasing the total output power of the hybrid power generation system. Alternatively, and as... Figure 2 As illustrated in the example, the combustion engine 131 also includes an electric booster 234 configured to enhance engine power by supplying compressed air to the engine. Connecting the energy storage system 140 to at least one of the main power source and the auxiliary power source 120 may include connecting the energy storage system 140 to the booster 234. When the energy storage system 140 provides power, the booster 234 will improve the responsiveness of the auxiliary power source by enhancing engine performance. The booster 234 may be, for example, an electric turbocharger or an electromechanical supercharger, which are known to rapidly improve engine performance and efficiency.

[0039] Energy storage system 140 is configured to support main power supply 120 and auxiliary power supply 130. A switch 141, controlled by control unit 110, can connect / disconnect the energy storage system from the DC output of fuel cell 121, enabling the energy storage system to provide additional power to both main power supply 120 and auxiliary power supply 130. As previously mentioned, a DC-DC converter 122 is typically required to ensure that the DC output of one or more fuel cells 121 has the same voltage as the energy storage system. The energy storage system can also be charged by connecting it as a load to the DC output of fuel cell 121. Alternatively, charging can be achieved by connecting the energy storage system 140 to an AC output, which requires a rectifier to convert AC to DC. In another alternative, charging can be achieved by utilizing a properly sized dedicated fuel cell connected to the energy storage system 140 specifically for charging it.

[0040] In some examples, energy storage system 140 may include a rechargeable battery system, which can significantly reduce energy storage requirements compared to a rechargeable battery system in a power generation system that relies solely on a fuel cell as a power source. The lower energy storage requirements also make the use of supercapacitors possible. Therefore, energy storage system 140 may include supercapacitors. One advantage of using supercapacitors is their reduced performance degradation due to charge and discharge cycles, resulting in a longer lifespan compared to conventional rechargeable battery systems such as lithium-ion batteries.

[0041] Figures 1-2 A second aspect of this disclosure is also shown in relation to the hybrid power generation system 100. The hybrid power generation system 100 is configured to meet the power demands of one or more electrical loads 160 and includes: a main power source 120 comprising one or more fuel cells 121 and an inverter 123, wherein the one or more fuel cells are configured to convert hydrogen into electricity, and the inverter 123 is configured to convert the DC output of the one or more fuel cells into AC; an auxiliary power source 130 comprising a combustion engine 131 and a generator 132, wherein the engine is configured to generate rotational power from fuel, and the generator 132 is configured to convert the rotational power into electricity; an energy storage system 140 configured to support the main power source 120 and the auxiliary power source 130; and a control unit 110 as described in any of the examples according to the first aspect of this disclosure. It should be noted that the aspect related to the control unit 110 also applies to the hybrid power generation system 100.

[0042] The combustion engine preferably uses methanol as fuel. The hybrid power generation system 10 may also include a methanol reformer configured to reform methanol into hydrogen to supply one or more fuel cells 121. This improves and simplifies the system's fuel handling because both the main power source and auxiliary power source can use the same fuel.

[0043] Figure 3 A third aspect of this disclosure is shown in relation to a method for managing power sources and energy storage in a hybrid power generation system 100. It should be noted that the method also applies to any aspect relating to the control unit 110 and the hybrid power generation system 100.

[0044] The method includes: monitoring the power demand of one or more electrical loads 160 in step S1; detecting a peak in the power demand in step S2; and in response to detecting a peak in the power demand, connecting the energy storage system 130 in step S3 to support at least one of the main power supply 120 and the auxiliary power supply 130. The advantage of this method is that it can significantly reduce the storage requirements of the energy storage system 140, because the energy storage system only needs to support both the main power supply and the auxiliary power supply during peak power demand periods, and can be disconnected once the auxiliary power supply 130 reaches sufficient power output.

[0045] In some examples, monitoring S1 may include monitoring the rotational speed of the combustion engine 131, and detecting peak power demand (S2) may include detecting a drop in rotational speed below a predetermined threshold. This drop indicates that the combustion engine is struggling to meet the power demand, thus providing an effective and rapid method to detect peak demand exceeding the capacity of power sources 120 and 130. The predefined threshold can be determined by calibrating the hybrid power generation system or by testing other systems utilizing the same type of combustion engine and energy storage system.

[0046] In some examples, the method further includes dividing the power demand S4 into a base load and a variable load, and controlling the power output of the main power supply 120 and the auxiliary power supply 130 in S5 such that the main power supply 120 supplies power to meet the base load and the auxiliary power supply 130 supplies power to meet the variable load. The base load reflects a stable power demand compatible with the steady-state operation of one or more fuel cells 121. Typically, the base load remains constant; however, the control unit 110 may adjust it as the power demand of one or more electrical loads changes. For example, the control unit 110 may assess the power demand over a specified time period to establish an appropriate base load. In one example, the base load may correspond to the minimum power demand observed during that specified interval.

[0047] In some examples, and such as Figure 1As illustrated in the example, connecting the S3 energy storage system 140 to support at least one of the main power supply and auxiliary power supply 120 may include connecting the energy storage system 140 in parallel to the DC output of the main power supply 120. Technical benefits may include the effect of the energy storage system 140 in immediately increasing the DC output power, thereby increasing the total output power of the hybrid power generation system. Alternatively, and as... Figure 2 As illustrated in the example, the combustion engine 131 also includes an electric booster 234 configured to enhance engine power by supplying compressed air to the engine. Connecting the energy storage system 140 to at least one of the main power source and auxiliary power source 120 via S3 may include connecting the energy storage system 140 to the booster 234. When the energy storage system 140 provides power, the booster 234 will improve the responsiveness of the auxiliary power source by enhancing engine performance. The booster 234 may be, for example, an electric turbocharger or an electromechanical supercharger, which are known to rapidly improve engine performance and efficiency.

[0048] The method may also include charging the energy storage system by connecting it as a load to both the main power supply and the auxiliary power supply, and accordingly increasing the output power of the auxiliary power supply. This may involve connecting it as a load to the DC output of the fuel cell 121, or connecting it to the AC output, which requires a rectifier to convert AC to DC. Alternatively, charging involves connecting a dedicated fuel cell of appropriate size to the energy storage system (140) specifically for charging it.

[0049] Some alternative considerations relating to the first, second, and third aspects of this disclosure will now be described.

[0050] Fuel cells generate electricity using hydrogen, and combustion engines can also run on hydrogen. Alternatively, combustion engines can use methanol, which can be converted into hydrogen, allowing it to be used in fuel cells. The integration of multiple fuel oxidation technologies opens up new possibilities for power generation.

[0051] Fuel cells are typically used in conjunction with batteries because they are less suited to rapid transients. Batteries provide intermediate power, facilitating a smoother transition in the power output of the fuel cell. While both batteries and fuel cells are expensive, fuel cells can efficiently convert fuel into electricity. In contrast, combustion engines are generally cheaper per kilowatt, but they are most efficient when operating under optimal conditions. They are also more efficient at handling transients, but are typically less efficient than fuel cells during steady-state operation.

[0052] In systems designed for power generation that may include one or more engines and fuel cells operating on the same fuel, the fuel cell can serve as the base load, thus taking advantage of its high efficiency. By allowing the combustion engine to manage peak power demand, the required battery capacity can be reduced by appropriately adjusting the size of the combustion engine and fuel cell.

[0053] In power generation scenarios, combustion engines are typically controlled to maintain a constant speed and frequency. When power demand exceeds output, the engine speed decreases, prompting the engine to increase power to restore speed. One method of battery control is to monitor engine speed: if the speed drops below a threshold and the battery's state of charge is sufficient, the battery will supply power. If the engine speed is sufficient, the battery will charge to the target state of charge.

[0054] Fuel cells can operate within optimal ranges or be controlled by floating power output. For example, monitoring engine power output allows for adjusting the fuel cell's power: if the engine output remains high for a period rather than a brief transient, the fuel cell output can be increased, and vice versa. This strategy aims to optimize overall system efficiency. The control strategy described here is just one of many possible implementations illustrating how to effectively integrate the combustion engine, fuel cell, and battery.

[0055] This disclosure is not limited to generator sets or power generation; it can also be applied to vehicles, ships or any other type of machinery.

[0056] Figure 4A The components of a control unit 110, representing aspects of the discussion and methods disclosed herein, are schematically shown in terms of multiple functional units. This control unit 110 may generally be included in a vehicle 100. The processing circuitry 410 is provided using any combination of one or more of a suitable central processing unit (CPU), multiprocessor, microcontroller, digital signal processor (DSP), etc., capable of executing software instructions stored in a computer program product, for example, in the form of a storage medium 420. The processing circuitry 410 may also be provided as at least one application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) or field-programmable gate array (FPGA).

[0057] Specifically, the processing circuitry 410 is configured to cause the control unit 110 to perform a set of operations or steps, such as combining Figure 3 The methods discussed herein. For example, storage medium 420 may store the set of operations, and processing circuitry 410 may be configured to retrieve the set of operations from storage medium 420 to enable control unit 110 to execute the set of operations. The set of operations may be provided as a set of executable instructions. Thus, processing circuitry 410 is thereby arranged to perform the methods disclosed herein.

[0058] Storage medium 420 may also include a persistent storage device, which may be any or a combination of magnetic memory, optical memory, solid-state memory, or even remotely mounted memory.

[0059] The control unit 110 may also include an interface 430 for communicating with at least one external system, such as a main power supply and auxiliary power supply (120, 130), an energy storage system (140), and various sensors, such as a speed sensor (133). Thus, the interface 430 may include one or more transmitters and receivers, including analog and digital components, and a suitable number of ports for wired or wireless communication.

[0060] The processing circuitry 410 controls the general operation of the control unit 110 (e.g., by sending data and control signals to the interface 430 and the storage medium 420, by receiving data and reports from the interface 430, and by retrieving data and instructions from the storage medium 420). Other components of the control node and their related functionality are omitted to avoid obscuring the concepts presented herein.

[0061] Figure 4B An example of a computer program product is shown. A computer-readable medium 460 carrying a computer program 470, the computer program including program code means for performing the steps of the methods described above when the program product is run on a computer or on the processing circuitry system 410 of the control unit 110.

[0062] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of a computer system 500 for implementing the examples disclosed herein. The computer system 500 is adapted to execute instructions from a computer-readable medium to perform these and / or any functions or processes described herein. The computer system 500 may be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines in a LAN (Local Area Network), LIN (Local Internet Protocol), automotive network communication protocols (e.g., FlexRay), intranet, extranet, or the Internet. Although only a single device is shown, the computer system 500 may include any collection of devices that individually or jointly execute a set of instructions (or more sets of instructions) to perform any one or more methods discussed herein. Therefore, any reference in this disclosure and / or claims to computer systems, computing systems, computer devices, computing apparatuses, control systems, control units, electronic control units (ECUs), processor devices, processing circuitry systems, etc., includes references to one or more such devices to individually or jointly execute a set of instructions (or more sets of instructions) to perform any one or more methods discussed herein. For example, a control system may include a single control unit or multiple control units connected to or otherwise communicatively coupled to each other, such that any functions performed can be distributed among the control units as needed. Furthermore, such devices can communicate with each other or with other devices through various system architectures, such as directly or via a controller area network (CAN) bus.

[0063] Computer system 500 may include at least one computing device or electronic device capable of including firmware, hardware, and / or executing software instructions to implement the functionality described herein. Computer system 500 may include a processing circuitry system 502 (e.g., a processing circuitry system including one or more processor devices or control units), memory 504, and system bus 506. Computer system 500 may include at least one computing device having processing circuitry system 502. System bus 506 provides interfaces for system components including, but not limited to, memory 504 and processing circuitry system 502. Processing circuitry system 502 may include any number of hardware components for performing data or signal processing or for executing computer code stored in memory 504. Processing circuitry system 502 may, for example, include a general-purpose processor, a special-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field-programmable gate array (FPGA), circuitry containing processing components, a set of distributed processing components, a set of distributed computers configured to perform processing, or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. Processing circuitry system 502 may further include computer-executable code controlling the operation of the programmable device.

[0064] System bus 506 can be any of several types of bus architectures, which can further interconnect to a memory bus (with or without a memory controller), a peripheral bus, and / or a local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. Memory 504 can be one or more means for storing data and / or computer code to perform or facilitate the methods described herein. Memory 504 may include database components, object code components, script components, or any type of information structure for supporting the various activities described herein. Any distributed or local memory device may be used in conjunction with the systems and methods described herein. Memory 504 may be communicatively connected to processing circuitry system 502 (e.g., via circuitry or any other wired, wireless, or network connection) and may include computer code for performing one or more processes described herein. Memory 504 may include non-volatile memory 508 (e.g., read-only memory (ROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), etc.) and volatile memory 510 (e.g., random access memory (RAM)), or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of machine-executable instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer or other machine having processing circuitry system 502. Basic Input / Output System (BIOS) 512 may be stored in non-volatile memory 508 and may include basic routines that facilitate the transfer of information between elements within computer system 500.

[0065] Computer system 500 may further include or be coupled to a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, such as storage device 514, which may include, for example, internal or external hard disk drives (HDDs) (e.g., Enhanced Integrated Drive Electronics (EIDE) or Serial Advanced Technology Accessories (SATA)), HDDs for storage (e.g., EIDE or SATA), flash memory, etc. Storage device 514 and other drives associated with computer-readable and computer-usable media can provide non-volatile storage of data, data structures, computer-executable instructions, etc.

[0066] Hard-coded or soft-coded computer code may be provided in the form of one or more modules. Modules may be implemented as software and / or hard-coded in a circuit system to fully or partially implement the functionality described herein. These modules may be stored in a storage device 514 and / or volatile memory 510, which may include an operating system 516 and / or one or more program modules 518. All or part of the examples disclosed herein may be implemented as a computer program 520 stored on a transient or non-transitory computer-usable or computer-readable storage medium (e.g., a single medium or multiple media) such as storage device 514, the computer program including complex programming instructions (e.g., complex computer-readable program code) that cause the processing circuit system 502 to perform the actions described herein. Thus, the computer-readable program code of computer program 520 may include software instructions for implementing the functionality of the examples described herein when executed by the processing circuit system 502. In some examples, storage device 514 may be a computer program product (e.g., a readable storage medium) on which computer program 520 is stored, wherein at least a portion of computer program 520 may be loadable (e.g., loaded into a processor) for implementing the functionality of the examples described herein when executed by processing circuitry system 502. Processing circuitry system 502 may serve as a controller or control system for computer system 500 for implementing the functionality described herein.

[0067] Computer system 500 may include an input device interface 522 configured to receive input and selections to be transmitted to computer system 500, such as from a keyboard, mouse, touch-sensitive surface, etc., when executing instructions. Such input devices may be connected to processing circuitry system 502 via input device interface 522 coupled to system bus 506, but may also be connected via other interfaces, such as parallel ports, IEEE 1394 serial ports, Universal Serial Bus (USB) ports, IR interfaces, etc. Computer system 500 may include an output device interface 524 configured to forward output to, for example, a display, video display unit (e.g., liquid crystal display (LCD) or cathode ray tube (CRT)). Computer system 500 may include a communication interface 526 suitable for communicating with a network, as appropriate or as required.

[0068] Operational actions described in any of the exemplary aspects herein are described to provide examples and discussion. These actions may be performed by hardware components, may be embodied in machine-executable instructions to cause a processor to perform these actions, or may be performed by a combination of hardware and software. Although a particular order of method actions may be shown or described, the order of actions may differ. Furthermore, two or more actions may be performed simultaneously or partially simultaneously.

[0069] Example 1: A control unit 110 for managing power supply and energy storage in a hybrid power generation system 100, wherein the hybrid power generation system 100 is configured to meet the power demand of one or more electrical loads 160, and includes: a main power supply 120 comprising one or more fuel cells 121 and an inverter 123, wherein the one or more fuel cells are configured to convert hydrogen into electricity, and the inverter 123 is configured to convert the DC output of the one or more fuel cells into AC; an auxiliary power supply 130 comprising a combustion engine 131 and a generator 132, wherein the engine is configured to generate rotational power from fuel, and the generator 132 is configured to convert the rotational power into electricity; and an energy storage system 140 configured to support the main power supply 120 and the auxiliary power supply 130; and wherein the control unit 110 is configured to monitor the power demand of the one or more electrical loads 160, and to connect the energy storage system 140 to support at least one of the main power supply 120 and the auxiliary power supply 130 when a peak in the power demand is detected.

[0070] Example 2: According to the control unit 110 of Example 1, wherein the control unit 110 is configured to divide the power demand into a basic load and a variable load, and control the power output of the main power supply 120 and the auxiliary power supply 130 such that the main power supply 120 supplies power to meet the basic load and the auxiliary power supply 130 supplies power to meet the variable load.

[0071] Example 3: The control unit according to Example 2, wherein the control unit 110 is configured to adjust the base load by evaluating the power demand over a specified time interval.

[0072] Example 4: The control unit according to any one of Examples 1 to 3, wherein monitoring power demand includes monitoring the rotational speed of the combustion engine 131, and wherein detecting a peak in power demand includes detecting that the rotational speed drops below a predefined threshold.

[0073] Example 5: The control unit according to any one of Examples 1 to 4, wherein connecting the energy storage system 140 to the main power supply 120 includes connecting the energy storage system 140 in parallel to the DC output of the main power supply 120.

[0074] Example 6: The control unit according to any one of Examples 1 to 5, wherein the combustion engine 131 further includes an electric auxiliary booster 234 configured to enhance engine power by supplying compressed air to the engine, and wherein connecting the energy storage system 140 to the auxiliary power source includes connecting the energy storage system 140 to the auxiliary booster 234.

[0075] Example 7: A control unit according to any one of Examples 1 to 6, wherein the control unit 110 is further configured to control the charging of the energy storage system 140 and accordingly increase the output power of the auxiliary power supply by connecting the energy storage system 140 as a load to the main power supply 120 and the auxiliary power supply 130.

[0076] Example 8: The control unit according to any one of Examples 1 to 7, wherein the energy storage system 140 includes a supercapacitor.

[0077] Example 9: A hybrid power generation system 100 configured to meet the power demands of one or more electrical loads 160, wherein the hybrid power generation system 100 comprises: a main power source 120 including one or more fuel cells 121 and an inverter 123, wherein the one or more fuel cells are configured to convert hydrogen into electricity, and the inverter 123 is configured to convert the DC output of the one or more fuel cells into AC; an auxiliary power source 130 including a combustion engine 131 and a generator 132, wherein the engine is configured to generate rotational power from fuel, and the generator 132 is configured to convert the rotational power into electricity; an energy storage system 140 configured to support the main power source 120 and the auxiliary power source 130; and a control unit 110 according to any one of Examples 1 to 8.

[0078] Example 10: According to the hybrid power generation system 100 of Example 10, the fuel of the combustion engine is methanol, and the hybrid power generation system further includes a methanol reformer configured to reform methanol into hydrogen to supply the fuel cell system 120.

[0079] Example 11: A method for monitoring and managing power sources and energy storage in a hybrid power generation system 100, wherein the hybrid power generation system 100 is configured to meet the power demands of one or more electrical loads 160, and includes: a main power source 120 comprising one or more fuel cells 121 and an inverter 123, wherein the one or more fuel cells are configured to convert hydrogen into electricity, and the inverter 123 is configured to convert the DC output of the one or more fuel cells into AC output; and an auxiliary power source 130 comprising a combustion engine 131 and a generator 13. 2, wherein the engine is configured to generate rotational power from fuel, and the generator 132 is configured to convert the rotational power into electricity; and an energy storage system 140 is configured to support the main power source 120 and the auxiliary power source 130; and wherein the method includes: monitoring the power demand of the one or more electrical loads 160 in S1; detecting a peak value of the power demand in S2; and in response to detecting the peak value of the power demand, connecting the energy storage system 140 in S3 to support at least one of the main power source 120 and the auxiliary power source 130.

[0080] Example 12: According to the method of Example 11, the method further includes dividing the power demand S4 into basic load and variable load, and controlling the power output of the main power supply 120 and the auxiliary power supply 130 in S5, such that the main power supply 120 supplies power to meet the basic load and the auxiliary power supply 130 supplies power to meet the variable load.

[0081] Example 13: According to the method of Example 12, wherein partitioning S4 further includes adjusting the base load by assessing the power demand over a specified time interval.

[0082] Example 14: The method according to any one of Examples 11 to 13, wherein monitoring S1 includes monitoring the rotational speed of the combustion engine 131, and wherein detecting the peak of the power demand in S2 includes detecting that the rotational speed drops below a predefined threshold.

[0083] Example 15: The method according to any one of Examples 11 to 14, wherein connecting the energy storage system 140 to the main power supply 120 via S3 includes connecting the energy storage system 140 in parallel to the DC output of the main power supply 120.

[0084] Example 16: The method according to any one of Examples 11 to 15, wherein the combustion engine 131 includes an electric auxiliary booster 234 configured to enhance engine power by supplying compressed air to the engine, and wherein connecting the energy storage system 140 to the auxiliary power source S3 includes connecting the energy storage system 140 to the auxiliary booster 234.

[0085] Example 17: The method according to any one of Examples 11 to 16, wherein the method further includes charging the energy storage system 140 by connecting the energy storage system as a load to the main power supply and the auxiliary power supply, and accordingly increasing the output power of the auxiliary power supply.

[0086] Example 18: The method according to any one of Examples 11 to 17, wherein the energy storage system 140 includes a supercapacitor.

[0087] Example 19: A computer program product comprising program code that, when executed by a processing circuit system, performs the method described in any one of Examples 11 to 18.

[0088] Example 20: A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium including instructions that, when executed by a processing circuitry system, cause the processing circuitry system to perform the method of any one of Examples 11 to 18.

[0089] The terminology used herein is for descriptive purposes only and is not intended to limit this disclosure. As used herein, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “described” are intended to also include the plural forms. As used herein, the term “and / or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It should also be understood that the terms “comprising” and / or “including”, when used herein, indicate the presence of the stated features, integers, actions, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, actions, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0090] It should be understood that although the terms first, second, etc., may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used only to distinguish one element from another. For example, without departing from the scope of this disclosure, a first element may be referred to as a second element, and similarly, a second element may be referred to as a first element.

[0091] In this document, relative terms such as “below,” “above,” “upper,” “lower,” “horizontal,” or “vertical” may be used to describe the relationship between one element and another, as illustrated in the figures. It should be understood that these terms, along with those discussed above, are intended to cover different device orientations in addition to those depicted in the figures. It should be understood that when an element is referred to as “connected” or “coupled” to another element, the element may be directly connected or coupled to the other element, or there may be intermediate elements present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as “directly connected” or “directly coupled” to another element, there are no intermediate elements present.

[0092] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein (including technical and scientific terms) shall have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. It should also be understood that, unless expressly defined herein, terms used herein shall be interpreted as having the same meaning as they have in the context of this specification and the relevant field, and not in an idealized or overly formal sense.

[0093] It should be understood that this disclosure is not limited to the aspects described above and shown in the accompanying drawings; rather, those skilled in the art will recognize that many changes and modifications can be made within the scope of this disclosure and the appended claims. Aspects have been disclosed in the drawings and description for illustrative purposes only and not for limiting purposes, and the scope of this disclosure is set forth in the appended claims.

Claims

1. A control unit (110) for managing power supply and energy storage in a hybrid power generation system (100), wherein the hybrid power generation system (100) is configured to meet the power demand of one or more electrical loads (160), and includes: A main power supply (120) includes one or more fuel cells (121) and an inverter (123), wherein the one or more fuel cells are configured to convert hydrogen into electricity, and the inverter (123) is configured to convert the DC output of the one or more fuel cells into AC. An auxiliary power source (130) comprising a combustion engine (131) and a generator (132), wherein the engine is configured to generate rotational power from fuel, and the generator (132) is configured to convert the rotational power into electrical power; and An energy storage system (140) is configured to support the main power supply (120) and the auxiliary power supply (130), wherein... The control unit (110) is configured to monitor the power demand of the one or more electrical loads (160) and connect the energy storage system (140) to support at least one of the main power supply (120) and the auxiliary power supply (130) when a peak of the power demand is detected.

2. The control unit (110) according to claim 1, wherein the control unit (110) is configured to divide the power demand into a basic load and a variable load, and control the power output of the main power supply (120) and the auxiliary power supply (130), such that: The main power supply (120) supplies power to meet the basic load, and The auxiliary power supply (130) supplies power to meet the variable load.

3. The control unit of claim 2, wherein the control unit (110) is configured to adjust the base load by assessing the power demand over a specified time interval.

4. The control unit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein monitoring power demand includes monitoring the rotational speed of the combustion engine (131), and wherein detecting a peak in power demand includes detecting a drop in the rotational speed below a predefined threshold.

5. The control unit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein connecting the energy storage system (140) to the main power supply (120) includes connecting the energy storage system (140) in parallel to the DC output of the main power supply (120).

6. The control unit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the combustion engine (131) further comprises an electric booster (234) configured to enhance engine power by supplying compressed air to the engine, and wherein connecting the energy storage system (140) to the auxiliary power source comprises connecting the energy storage system (140) to the booster (234).

7. A hybrid power generation system (100) configured to meet the power demand of one or more electrical loads (160), wherein the hybrid power generation system (100) comprises: A main power source (120) comprising one or more fuel cells (121) and an inverter (123), wherein the one or more fuel cells are configured to convert hydrogen into electricity, and the inverter (123) is configured to convert the DC output of the one or more fuel cells into AC; an auxiliary power source (130) comprising a combustion engine (131) and a generator (132), wherein the engine is configured to generate rotational power from fuel, and the generator (132) is configured to convert the rotational power into electricity; an energy storage system (140) configured to support the main power source (120) and the auxiliary power source (130); and a control unit (110) according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. The hybrid power generation system (100) of claim 7, wherein the fuel of the combustion engine is methanol, and wherein the hybrid power generation system further comprises a methanol reformer configured to reform methanol into hydrogen for supplying the fuel cell system (120).

9. A method for monitoring and managing power sources and energy storage in a hybrid power generation system (100), wherein the hybrid power generation system (100) is configured to meet the power demands of one or more electrical loads (160), and includes: A main power supply (120) comprising one or more fuel cells (121) and an inverter (123), wherein the one or more fuel cells are configured to convert hydrogen into electricity, and the inverter (123) is configured to convert the DC output of the one or more fuel cells into AC; an auxiliary power supply (130) comprising a combustion engine (131) and a generator (132), wherein the combustion engine is configured to generate rotational power from fuel, and the generator (132) is configured to convert the rotational power into electricity; and An energy storage system (140) configured to support the main power supply (120) and the auxiliary power supply (130); and The method includes: Monitor (S1) the power demand of one or more electrical loads (160); Detect (S2) the peak value of the electricity demand; and In response to the detection of the peak of the power demand, the energy storage system (140) is connected (S3) to support at least one of the main power supply (120) and the auxiliary power supply (130).

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the method further comprises: The electricity demand is divided (S4) into basic load and variable load, and Control (S5) the power output of the main power supply (120) and the auxiliary power supply (130) so that the main power supply (120) supplies power to meet the basic load and the auxiliary power supply (130) supplies power to meet the variable load.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the partitioning (S4) further includes adjusting the base load by assessing the power demand over a specified time interval.

12. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein monitoring (S1) includes monitoring the rotational speed of the combustion engine (131), and wherein detecting (S2) the peak value of the power demand includes detecting that the rotational speed drops below a predefined threshold.

13. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein connecting the energy storage system (140) to the main power supply (120) (S3) comprises connecting the energy storage system (140) in parallel to the DC output of the main power supply (120).

14. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 13, wherein the combustion engine (131) includes an electric booster (234) configured to enhance engine power by supplying compressed air to the engine, and wherein connecting (S3) the energy storage system (140) to the auxiliary power source includes connecting the energy storage system (140) to the booster (234).

15. A non-transitory computer-readable storage medium comprising instructions that, when executed by a processing circuitry system, cause the processing circuitry system to perform the method according to any one of claims 11 to 14.

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