Multi-energy-flow collaborative park virtual power plant hierarchical control system

Abstract

The invention provides a multi-energy flow collaborative park virtual power plant hierarchical control system, which adopts a cloud-side-end three-level hardware architecture, and realizes physical interconnection based on an alternating current and direct current hybrid micro-grid taking an electric energy router as a core. The system comprises a cloud scheduling platform deployed in a remote data center, a plurality of edge cooperative controllers deployed in a park, and various terminal execution devices connected to the AC / DC hybrid microgrid. The AC / DC hybrid micro-grid takes the electric energy router as a core, integrates various terminal execution devices through a multi-stage DC bus, and realizes DC routing and collaborative management of energy. Wherein the cloud scheduling platform, each edge cooperative controller and each terminal execution device are in communication connection in sequence to form a hierarchical information flow channel; and the electric energy router, the multi-stage direct current bus and each terminal execution device are physically connected in sequence to form a graded energy flow channel. The system is clear in structure, and the energy efficiency of the park energy system and the cooperative response capability to the power grid regulation instruction are improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of energy management and control systems, in particular to a multi-energy flow coordinated park virtual power plant hierarchical control system. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the wide application of renewable energy such as photovoltaic, electric vehicles and phase change energy storage devices in parks, the park energy system presents the characteristics of diversified energy forms, complex voltage levels, and strong source and load volatility. The traditional centralized energy control system has communication and calculation bottlenecks when dealing with rapid fluctuations, and the response is slow; while the completely distributed control mode is difficult to realize the coordinated optimization of global energy. In addition, the existing system relies on alternating current bus or frequent AC / DC conversion for energy distribution, resulting in long conversion path and large loss. At the same time, there is a lack of carbon flow monitoring and regulation means closely combined with the physical network at the park level. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a control system with reasonable structure, rapid response, high energy efficiency and support for low-carbon operation. SUMMARY

[0003] The present disclosure provides a multi-energy flow coordinated park virtual power plant hierarchical control system to solve the above problems in the prior art, which realizes efficient access, coordinated management of various energy forms such as electricity, heat, cold and storage, and reliable execution of grid regulation instructions.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the present disclosure is as follows: The present disclosure provides a multi-energy flow coordinated park virtual power plant hierarchical control system, comprising: a cloud scheduling platform deployed in a remote data center; a plurality of edge collaborative controllers deployed in a park, including an electric energy router area controller, a light storage charging area controller and a phase change energy storage area controller; a plurality of terminal execution devices deployed in the park, including a photovoltaic power generation unit, an electrochemical energy storage unit, a V2G charging and discharging unit, a phase change energy storage unit and an AC / DC flexible load unit; and an AC / DC hybrid microgrid with the electric energy router as the core, deployed in the park, including a multi-level DC bus; wherein the cloud scheduling platform, each edge collaborative controller and each terminal execution device are sequentially connected in communication to form a hierarchical information flow channel; the electric energy router, the multi-level DC bus and each terminal execution device are sequentially connected in physical connection to form a hierarchical energy flow channel.

[0005] In a possible implementation, the cloud scheduling platform, each edge collaborative controller and each terminal execution device are connected in communication through a communication network; the DC port of the electric energy router is electrically connected with the multi-level DC bus, and each terminal execution device is connected to the multi-level DC bus through a power electronic converter to realize physical connection.

[0006] In a possible implementation, the multi-level DC bus includes a primary DC bus and a secondary DC bus; the voltage of the secondary DC bus is less than that of the primary DC bus.

[0007] In a possible implementation, the photovoltaic power generation unit, the electrochemical energy storage unit, the V2G charging and discharging unit, and the phase change energy storage unit are respectively connected to the primary DC bus through power electronic converters.

[0008] In a possible implementation, the AC / DC flexible load unit includes a plurality of DC load units of different voltage levels; each DC load unit is connected to a corresponding secondary DC bus of a corresponding voltage level through a power electronic converter.

[0009] In a possible implementation, the communication network includes one or more of an Ethernet network and a 5G network.

[0010] In a possible implementation, the power electronic converter includes one or more of a DC / DC converter and an AC / DC converter.

[0011] In a possible implementation, the AC / DC hybrid microgrid further includes an AC power distribution network; the AC port of the energy router is electrically connected to the AC power distribution network.

[0012] In a possible implementation, the cloud scheduling platform includes a communication interface, a scheduling module, and a carbon tracking module; the communication interface is configured to receive a power grid instruction sent by a superior power grid scheduling system; the scheduling module is configured to send a scheduling instruction to a corresponding edge collaborative controller through a hierarchical information flow channel; and the carbon tracking module is configured to collect a full life cycle carbon emission of each terminal execution device through the hierarchical information flow channel.

[0013] In a possible implementation, the edge collaborative controller is configured to receive a scheduling instruction through a hierarchical information flow channel, and send a control instruction to a corresponding terminal execution device through a hierarchical information flow channel; and the terminal execution device is configured to receive a control instruction through a hierarchical information flow channel, and execute the control instruction through a hierarchical energy flow channel. Compared with the prior art, the present disclosure has the following beneficial effects: 1. Clear structure and efficient control: through the three-level hardware and function architecture of "cloud-edge-end", the global optimization decision and the local rapid control are decoupled, which not only guarantees the economy and low carbon of the whole system, but also realizes the agile response to local fluctuations.

[0014] 2. Highly efficient physical network with strong support: The innovative AC / DC hybrid microgrid physical structure, with a power router at its core, enables "plug-and-play" flexible access for photovoltaic, energy storage, V2G, phase change energy storage, and DC loads through multi-stage DC buses. Energy is routed along the shortest path on the DC side, significantly reducing conversion losses and providing a high-quality physical channel for the rapid and accurate execution of various power regulation commands, thereby improving system energy efficiency by more than 15%.

[0015] 3. Capable of coordinating with the power grid: The system architecture inherently supports participation in grid interaction as a virtual power plant. The cloud-based dispatch platform serves as a unified interface to receive grid demands and decompose them into executable dispatch instructions; the edge controller quickly aggregates distributed resources to complete the instructions, enabling the park to reliably and flexibly participate in peak shaving and valley filling, frequency regulation ancillary services, etc., thereby improving overall revenue. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system architecture and information flow of a multi-energy flow collaborative hierarchical control system for a virtual power plant in a park, provided in an embodiment of this disclosure; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the physical structure and energy flow structure of an AC / DC hybrid microgrid with an electric power router as its core, provided in an embodiment of this disclosure.

[0017] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures 100. Cloud-based scheduling platform; 101. Multi-source data pool; 102. Optimization module; 103. Scheduling module; 104. Carbon tracing module; 200. Edge collaborative controller; 201. Power router area controller; 202. Photovoltaic-storage-charging area controller; 203. Phase change energy storage area controller; 300. Terminal execution device; 301. Photovoltaic power generation unit; 302. Electrochemical energy storage unit; 303. V2G charging and discharging unit; 304. Phase change energy storage unit; 305. AC / DC flexible load unit; 400. Power router; 401. First AC distribution network; 402. Second AC distribution network; 403. Primary DC bus; 404. Secondary DC bus; 405. DC load unit. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The present disclosure will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present disclosure and should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of the present disclosure. It should be noted that the following detailed descriptions are exemplary and intended to provide further explanation of this application.

[0019] All terms used in this disclosure have the same meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains, unless otherwise specifically defined. It should also be understood that terms defined in general dictionaries should be interpreted as having meanings consistent with their meanings in the context of the relevant art, and not as idealized or highly formalized, unless expressly defined herein.

[0020] This disclosure provides a hierarchical control system for a multi-energy flow collaborative virtual power plant in a park, comprising: a cloud-based dispatching platform deployed in a remote data center; multiple edge collaborative controllers deployed in the park, including an energy router area controller, a photovoltaic-storage-charging area controller, and a phase change energy storage area controller; various types of terminal execution devices deployed in the park, including photovoltaic power generation units, electrochemical energy storage units, V2G charging and discharging units, phase change energy storage units, and AC / DC flexible load units; and an AC / DC hybrid microgrid with an energy router as its core deployed in the park, including multiple DC buses; wherein, the cloud-based dispatching platform, each edge collaborative controller, and each terminal execution device are sequentially connected to form a hierarchical information flow channel; the energy router, the multiple DC buses, and each terminal execution device are sequentially physically connected to form a hierarchical energy flow channel.

[0021] In one possible implementation, the cloud scheduling platform, each edge collaborative controller, and each terminal execution device are connected via a communication network; the DC port of the power router is electrically connected to a multi-stage DC bus, and each terminal execution device is physically connected to the multi-stage DC bus via a power electronic converter. The communication network includes one or more of Ethernet and 5G networks. The power electronic converter includes one or more of DC / DC converters and AC / DC converters.

[0022] In one possible implementation, the multi-stage DC bus includes a primary DC bus and a secondary DC bus; the voltage of the secondary DC bus is lower than that of the primary DC bus. In another possible implementation, the power supply unit includes a photovoltaic power generation unit, an electrochemical energy storage unit, a V2G charging and discharging unit, and a phase-change energy storage unit, each unit being connected to the primary DC bus via a power electronic converter. In yet another possible implementation, the AC / DC flexible load unit includes multiple DC load units at various voltage levels; that is, the load-side unit includes multiple DC load units, each DC load unit being connected to the secondary DC bus of its corresponding voltage level via a power electronic converter.

[0023] For example, in one specific embodiment, the AC / DC hybrid microgrid includes a DC 750V DC bus, a DC 375V DC bus, and a DC 48V DC bus. Photovoltaic power generation units, electrochemical energy storage units, V2G charging and discharging units, and phase change energy storage units are connected to the DC 750V DC bus through corresponding DC / DC converters. DC loads of different voltage levels are connected to the DC 375V DC bus or the DC 48V DC bus through DC / DC converters, forming an efficient DC power supply network.

[0024] In one possible implementation, the AC / DC hybrid microgrid also includes an AC distribution network; the AC port of the power router is electrically connected to the AC distribution network.

[0025] In one possible implementation, the cloud-based scheduling platform includes a communication interface, a scheduling module, and a carbon tracking module. The communication interface receives grid commands from the upper-level grid scheduling system. The scheduling module sends scheduling commands to the corresponding edge coordinating controllers via a hierarchical information flow channel. The carbon tracking module collects the full lifecycle carbon emissions of each terminal execution device via the hierarchical information flow channel. The edge coordinating controller receives scheduling commands via the hierarchical information flow channel and sends control commands to the corresponding terminal execution devices via the hierarchical information flow channel. The terminal execution devices receive control commands via the hierarchical information flow channel and execute control commands via the hierarchical energy flow channel.

[0026] Understandably, by integrating a carbon flow tracking module into the cloud-based scheduling platform, the measurement, monitoring, and optimized scheduling of carbon emissions are integrated, providing a solid technical foundation for the park to achieve low-carbon operation and accurate carbon accounting.

[0027] In one possible implementation, the edge collaborative controller embeds local control logic, which can coordinate the power adjustment of the terminal execution devices under its jurisdiction according to the instructions issued by the cloud scheduling platform; at the same time, it can perform autonomous and rapid control at the millisecond to second level according to the local real-time measured voltage and power signals, so as to maintain the stability of DC bus voltage and the internal power balance of the system.

[0028] It should be noted that, in this embodiment, the cloud-based scheduling platform serves as the system's global management unit and the interface for interaction with the external power grid scheduling; the edge collaborative controller serves as the regional rapid coordination and execution unit; and the terminal execution device serves as the system's physical execution unit. The system is based on a hybrid AC / DC microgrid physical architecture centered on a power router. Through the power router's multi-port and communication network, it achieves physical connections and energy interaction between various device units, forming an integrated DC ecosystem of generation, storage, and utilization.

[0029] The following detailed description of the hierarchical control system for virtual power plants in industrial parks provided in this embodiment, with reference to the accompanying drawings, is provided in detail.

[0030] like Figure 1 As shown in the embodiments of this disclosure, the hierarchical control system for a virtual power plant in a park mainly includes three levels: a cloud-based dispatching platform 100, an edge collaborative controller 200, and a terminal execution device 300. The cloud-based dispatching platform 100 is deployed in a remote data center and includes a multi-source data pool 101, an optimization module 102, a dispatching module 103, and a carbon tracking module 104. The multi-source data pool 101 stores data such as weather, electricity prices, and status. The optimization module 102 integrates AI prediction and multi-objective optimization algorithms. The cloud-based dispatching platform 100 has functions such as receiving grid commands and market prices, issuing dispatching commands, aggregating resources, and interacting with the electricity market. The edge collaborative controller 200 is deployed in the park's power distribution room or control room and includes a power router area controller 201, a photovoltaic-storage-charging area controller 202, and a phase-change energy storage area controller 203. Terminal execution devices 300 are distributed throughout the park, including photovoltaic power generation units 301 (such as photovoltaic arrays), electrochemical energy storage units 302 (such as energy storage batteries), V2G charging units 303 (such as charging piles with V2G function), phase change energy storage units 304 (such as phase change devices), and AC / DC flexible load units 305 (such as various adjustable AC / DC loads, including DC air conditioners, lighting, etc.). The three levels are connected through communication networks such as industrial Ethernet and 5G.

[0031] like Figure 2 As shown, the system's physical energy network is constructed based on a hybrid AC / DC microgrid. The power router 400 serves as the core hub, connecting the DC and AC systems. Its AC port connects to the park's 10kV first AC distribution network 401 and 380V second AC distribution network 402. Its DC port constructs a DC 750V primary DC bus 403, enabling bidirectional energy flow between the power router, the AC distribution network, and the DC bus. The photovoltaic power generation unit 301 (power generation side, including photovoltaic arrays), electrochemical energy storage unit 302 (energy storage side, including energy storage batteries), V2G charging and discharging unit 303 (transportation side, including charging piles), and phase change energy storage unit 304 (heating and cooling side, including phase change devices) are each connected to the DC 750V bus 403 via their respective DC / DC power electronic converters. In addition, the DC750V primary DC bus 403 can be derived into a DC375V / DC48V secondary DC bus 404 through a DC / DC step-down converter, which can be used to directly power DC load units 405 (DC load side, including DC air conditioners, lighting, IT loads, etc.) of different voltage levels.

[0032] This disclosure establishes a hierarchical and highly efficient virtual power plant control system for a campus through the aforementioned hardware architecture. The cloud-based dispatch platform 100 can formulate global strategies, the edge collaborative controller 200 is responsible for coordination and rapid control within its local area, and the terminal execution device 300 performs specific operations. Energy is distributed and routed within an efficient DC network, reducing conversion steps. The carbon tracking module 104 provides a visual and assessable tool for the green and low-carbon operation of the entire system.

[0033] The system's coordinated control and grid response process is as follows: The cloud-based dispatching platform 100 receives auxiliary service (frequency regulation, peak shaving, etc.) instructions or electricity market signals from the upper-level power grid dispatching system through its communication interface. Based on these external demands, internal forecast data (solar illumination, load, etc.), and system status, the optimization module within the platform calculates the overall dispatching instructions, which include the adjustment targets of each terminal execution device, and then sends them to the corresponding edge co-controller 200 through the dispatching module.

[0034] For example, when it is necessary to participate in grid peak shaving, the cloud-based dispatching platform 100 issues a command to the photovoltaic-storage-charging area controller 202 to reduce the total power consumption. The photovoltaic-storage-charging area controller 202 then coordinates the electrochemical energy storage unit 302 to increase the discharge power, the V2G charging and discharging unit 303 to start reverse discharge, and appropriately adjusts the non-critical AC / DC flexible load unit 305, so as to quickly achieve the adjustment target required by the cloud command.

[0035] Meanwhile, the edge co-controller 200 also undertakes local autonomous rapid control functions. The power router area controller 201 continuously monitors the voltage of the DC750V bus 403. When the output of the photovoltaic power generation unit 301 drops suddenly due to cloud cover, causing the bus voltage to drop, the controller can immediately (within seconds) directly instruct the electrochemical energy storage unit 302 to increase the discharge current, quickly supporting the voltage to return to stability, without waiting for instructions from the cloud.

[0036] Throughout the process, the carbon flow tracking module 104 calculates the carbon emissions corresponding to different scheduling strategies and equipment actions in real time, providing carbon cost signals to the optimization module and forming a verifiable carbon ledger.

[0037] This disclosure establishes a virtual power plant entity system for the park through the above-mentioned clear hierarchical hardware structure and collaborative control configuration, which can both achieve efficient internal optimization and autonomy, and reliably respond to the needs of the external power grid through a unified cloud interface.

[0038] The beneficial effects of this disclosure are as follows: Clear structure and efficient control: Through a three-tier hardware and functional architecture of "cloud-edge-device", global optimization decision-making and local rapid control are decoupled, which not only ensures the overall economy and low carbon emissions of the system, but also enables agile response to local fluctuations.

[0039] Highly efficient and robust physical network: The innovative AC / DC hybrid microgrid physical structure, centered on a power router, enables "plug-and-play" flexible access for photovoltaic, energy storage, V2G, phase-change energy storage, and DC loads through multi-stage DC buses. Energy is routed along the shortest path on the DC side, significantly reducing conversion losses and providing a high-quality physical channel for the rapid and accurate execution of various power regulation commands, thereby improving system energy efficiency by more than 15%.

[0040] It possesses the capability to coordinate and respond to the power grid: the system architecture inherently supports participation in grid interaction as a virtual power plant. The cloud platform serves as a unified interface to receive grid demands and decompose them into executable scheduling instructions; the edge controller quickly aggregates distributed resources to complete the instructions, enabling the park to reliably and flexibly participate in peak shaving and valley filling, frequency regulation ancillary services, etc., thereby improving overall profitability.

[0041] Integrated low-carbon management: By integrating a carbon flow tracking module into the cloud-based scheduling platform, the measurement, monitoring, and optimized scheduling of carbon emissions are integrated, providing a solid technical foundation for the park to achieve low-carbon operation and accurate carbon accounting.

[0042] These embodiments are provided to make the disclosure thorough and complete, and to fully express the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement of components and steps, material composition, numerical expressions, and values ​​set forth in these embodiments should be interpreted as exemplary only and not as limiting.

[0043] It should be noted that, in the description of this disclosure, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more; the terms "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientation or positional relationship, are only for the convenience of describing this disclosure and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation of this disclosure. When the absolute position of the described object changes, the relative positional relationship may also change accordingly.

[0044] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and similar terms used in this disclosure do not indicate any order, quantity, or importance, but are merely used to distinguish different parts. Terms such as "including" or "contains" mean that the element preceding the word covers the element listed after the word, and do not exclude the possibility of covering other elements as well.

[0045] It should also be noted that, in the description of this disclosure, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, the terms "installed," "connected," and "linked" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this disclosure depending on the specific circumstances. When a particular device is described as being located between a first device and a second device, an intermediary device may or may not be present between the particular device and the first or second device.

[0046] Finally, it should be noted that the above content is only used to illustrate the technical solution of this disclosure, and is not intended to limit the scope of protection of this disclosure. Simple modifications or equivalent substitutions made by those skilled in the art to the technical solution of this disclosure do not depart from the substance and scope of the technical solution of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A hierarchical control system for a multi-energy flow collaborative virtual power plant in a park, characterized in that, include: The cloud-based scheduling platform is deployed in a remote data center. Multiple edge collaborative controllers are deployed in the park, including power router area controllers, photovoltaic energy storage and charging area controllers, and phase change energy storage area controllers; Multiple types of terminal execution equipment are deployed in the park, including photovoltaic power generation units, electrochemical energy storage units, V2G charging and discharging units, phase change energy storage units, and AC / DC flexible load units; and A hybrid AC / DC microgrid, centered around an electric power router, is deployed in the park and includes multiple DC buses. The cloud scheduling platform, each edge collaborative controller, and each terminal execution device are sequentially connected to form a hierarchical information flow channel; the power router, the multi-level DC bus, and each terminal execution device are sequentially physically connected to form a hierarchical energy flow channel.

2. The hierarchical control system for virtual power plants in industrial parks as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The cloud-based scheduling platform, each edge collaborative controller, and each terminal execution device are connected via a communication network; the DC port of the power router is electrically connected to the multi-stage DC bus, and each terminal execution device is physically connected to the multi-stage DC bus via a power electronic converter.

3. The hierarchical control system for virtual power plants in industrial parks as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-stage DC bus includes a primary DC bus and a secondary DC bus; the voltage of the secondary DC bus is lower than that of the primary DC bus.

4. The hierarchical control system for virtual power plants in industrial parks as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The photovoltaic power generation unit, the electrochemical energy storage unit, the V2G charging and discharging unit, and the phase change energy storage unit are respectively connected to the primary DC bus via power electronic converters.

5. The hierarchical control system for virtual power plants in industrial parks as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The AC / DC flexible load unit includes multiple DC load units of different voltage levels; each DC load unit is connected to the secondary DC bus of the corresponding voltage level via a power electronic converter.

6. The hierarchical control system for virtual power plants in industrial parks as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The communication network includes one or more of Ethernet and 5G networks.

7. The hierarchical control system for virtual power plants in industrial parks as described in any one of claims 2, 4-5, is characterized in that, The power electronic converter includes one or more of DC / DC converters and AC / DC converters.

8. The hierarchical control system for virtual power plants in industrial parks as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The AC / DC hybrid microgrid also includes an AC distribution network; the AC port of the power router is electrically connected to the AC distribution network.

9. The hierarchical control system for a virtual power plant in a park as described in any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The cloud-based scheduling platform includes a communication interface, a scheduling module, and a carbon tracking module; wherein... The communication interface is used to receive power grid instructions sent by the superior power grid dispatching system; The scheduling module is used to send scheduling instructions to the corresponding edge collaborative controller via the hierarchical information flow channel; The carbon tracking module is used to collect the carbon emissions of each terminal execution device throughout its entire life cycle via the hierarchical information flow channel.

10. The hierarchical control system for virtual power plants in industrial parks as described in claim 9, characterized in that, The edge collaboration controller is used to receive the scheduling instruction via the hierarchical information flow channel, and to send control instructions to the corresponding terminal execution device via the hierarchical information flow channel; The terminal execution device is used to receive the control command via the hierarchical information flow channel and to execute the control command via the hierarchical energy flow channel.

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