Data transmission method, device and system based on quantum communication and electronic equipment

Abstract

The invention discloses a data transmission method, device and system based on quantum communication and electronic equipment, and the method comprises the steps that a first communication node obtains a channel quality index, a quantum entanglement resource and a classic channel resource of a quantum channel in response to receiving a first entanglement state particle; determining scheduling configuration of data transmission according to the channel quality index, the quantum entanglement resource and the classic channel resource; based on the scheduling configuration, performing Bell state measurement on a quantum state corresponding to data to be transmitted and the first entangled state particles, and determining a measurement result; and the measurement result is sent to a second communication node, so that the second communication node corrects a second entangled state particle based on the measurement result, a quantum state corresponding to the to-be-transmitted data is determined, and the first entangled state particle and the second entangled state particle are mutually entangled particle pairs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application belongs to the field of quantum communication technology, specifically relating to a data transmission method, device, system, and electronic device based on quantum communication. Background Technology

[0002] Quantum communication is a form of communication that uses the principles of quantum mechanics to manipulate quantum states, enabling information exchange between two locations. It has been rigorously proven to be unconditionally secure. However, in quantum communication data transmission, if someone eavesdrops, the shared quantum key or the transmitted quantum state will be altered due to the eavesdropping measurement. This will significantly increase the bit error rate of the received key, alerting both the sender and receiver, and causing them to halt transmission through the channel.

[0003] Currently, quantum communication data transmission mainly falls into two categories: quantum key distribution and quantum teleportation. Quantum key distribution utilizes the non-copyability of quantum mechanics and the randomness of measurement to generate quantum cryptography for encrypting traditional digital communication, but it carries a limited amount of information per transmission. Quantum teleportation, on the other hand, uses quantum entanglement to directly transmit qubits, but its transmission efficiency is low due to limitations in the quality of the communication channel. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this application is to provide a data transmission method, device, system, and electronic device based on quantum communication, which can solve the problems of low information carrying capacity and low transmission efficiency in current quantum communication data transmission.

[0005] In a first aspect, embodiments of this application provide a data transmission method based on quantum communication, applied to a first communication node. The method includes: in response to receiving a first entangled particle, acquiring a channel quality index, quantum entanglement resources, and classical channel resources of a quantum channel; determining a data transmission scheduling configuration based on the channel quality index, the quantum entanglement resources, and the classical channel resources; performing Bell state measurements on the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted and the first entangled particle based on the scheduling configuration, and determining the measurement result; and sending the measurement result to a second communication node, so that the second communication node corrects the second entangled particle based on the measurement result, and determines the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted, wherein the first entangled particle and the second entangled particle are a mutually entangled particle pair.

[0006] Secondly, embodiments of this application provide a data transmission method based on quantum communication, applied to a second communication node. The method includes: receiving a measurement result sent by a first communication node in response to receiving a second entangled particle; wherein the measurement result is determined by the first communication node through Bell state measurement of the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted and the first entangled particle, and the first entangled particle and the second entangled particle are a pair of mutually entangled particles; correcting the second entangled particle based on the measurement result to determine the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted; and determining the data to be transmitted based on the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted.

[0007] Thirdly, embodiments of this application provide a data transmission device based on quantum communication. The device includes: an acquisition module, configured to acquire a channel quality index, quantum entanglement resources, and classical channel resources of a quantum channel in response to receiving a first entangled particle; a configuration module, configured to determine a data transmission scheduling configuration based on the channel quality index, the quantum entanglement resources, and the classical channel resources; a measurement module, configured to perform Bell state measurements on the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted and the first entangled particle based on the scheduling configuration, and determine the measurement result; and a transmission module, configured to send the measurement result to a second communication node, so that the second communication node corrects the second entangled particle based on the measurement result, and determines the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted, wherein the first entangled particle and the second entangled particle are a mutually entangled particle pair.

[0008] Fourthly, embodiments of this application provide a data transmission device based on quantum communication. The device includes: a receiving module, configured to receive a measurement result sent by a first communication node in response to receiving a second entangled particle; wherein the measurement result is determined by the first communication node through Bell state measurement of the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted and the first entangled particle, and the first entangled particle and the second entangled particle are a pair of mutually entangled particles; a correction module, configured to correct the second entangled particle based on the measurement result to determine the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted; and a determination module, configured to determine the data to be transmitted based on the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted.

[0009] Fifthly, embodiments of this application provide a data transmission system based on quantum communication, the system comprising a first communication node and a second communication node; wherein the first communication node is used to perform the steps of the data transmission method based on quantum communication as described in the first aspect; and the second communication node is used to perform the steps of the data transmission method based on quantum communication as described in the second aspect.

[0010] In a sixth aspect, embodiments of this application provide an electronic device including a processor, a memory, and a program or instructions stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the program or instructions, when executed by the processor, implement the steps of the method described in the first aspect, or implement the steps of the method described in the second aspect.

[0011] In a seventh aspect, embodiments of this application provide a readable storage medium on which a program or instructions are stored, which, when executed by a processor, implement the steps of the method described in the first aspect, or implement the steps of the method described in the second aspect.

[0012] Eighthly, embodiments of this application provide a chip, the chip including a processor and a communication interface, the communication interface being coupled to the processor, the processor being used to run programs or instructions to implement the steps of the method described in the first aspect, or to implement the steps of the method described in the second aspect.

[0013] Ninthly, embodiments of this application provide a computer program product, the computer program product including a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, the computer program including a program or instructions, which, when executed, implement the steps of the method described in the first aspect, or implement the steps of the method described in the second aspect.

[0014] In this embodiment, a first communication node, in response to receiving a first entangled particle, acquires the channel quality index, quantum entanglement resources, and classical channel resources of the quantum channel. Based on the channel quality index, quantum entanglement resources, and classical channel resources, it determines a data transmission scheduling configuration. Based on the scheduling configuration, it performs Bell state measurements on the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted and the first entangled particle, determines the measurement result, and sends the measurement result to a second communication node. The second communication node then corrects the second entangled particle based on the measurement result to determine the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted. The first entangled particle and the second entangled particle are mutually entangled particle pairs. This embodiment dynamically plans the data transmission scheduling configuration based on the channel quality index and communication resources to select the optimal scheduling configuration to adapt to the current network environment. Utilizing the characteristics of entangled particles, by transmitting the measurement results of the entangled particle and the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted, and correcting the entangled particle, it avoids directly transmitting qubits. By relying on the transmission of the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted, it combines intelligent routing with quantum communication, which can both increase the amount of information transmitted in a single transmission and improve data transmission efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1This is a schematic flowchart of a data transmission method based on quantum communication provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 This is a schematic flowchart of another data transmission method based on quantum communication provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a first communication node, a second communication node, or a relay node provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 4 This is a functional schematic diagram of an AI computing power layer provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 5 This is a flowchart illustrating a fault-tolerance mechanism provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating another data transmission method based on quantum communication provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a data transmission device based on quantum communication provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of another data transmission device based on quantum communication provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a data transmission system based on quantum communication provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0016] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0017] The terms "first," "second," etc., used in the specification and claims of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that such terms can be used interchangeably where appropriate so that embodiments of this application can be implemented in orders other than those illustrated or described herein, and the objects distinguished by "first," "second," etc., are generally of the same class and the number of objects is not limited; for example, a first object can be one or more. Furthermore, in the specification and claims, "and / or" indicates at least one of the connected objects, and the character " / " generally indicates that the preceding and following objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0018] The data transmission method, apparatus, system, and electronic device based on quantum communication provided in this application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and through specific embodiments and application scenarios.

[0019] Figure 1 The diagram illustrates a flowchart of a quantum communication-based data transmission method according to an embodiment of this application. This method is applied to a first communication node and can be executed by an electronic device. See also... Figure 1 The method may include the following steps.

[0020] Step 102: In response to receiving the first entangled particle, obtain the channel quality index, quantum entanglement resources, and classical channel resources of the quantum channel.

[0021] At each communication network node, based on the characteristics of entangled states of photon orbital angular momentum (OAM), a 0.5 mm thin crystal of β-phase barium borate (BBO) can be selected. Using a Gaussian beam, the beam passes through the thin BBO crystal. At this time, the nonlinear effect within the crystal causes a pump photon to split into two photons with a certain probability, namely the signal photon. and idle frequency photons The crystal is placed in a multi-arm interferometer, causing photon pairs to superimpose in different paths, forming a three-dimensional path-entangled state. The expression for the three-dimensional entangled state is: .in, OAM quantum number ( (Corresponding to a three-dimensional state). The signal photon and idler photon in the three-dimensional entangled state are then transmitted via optical fiber channels to the first and second communication nodes for data transmission, respectively, so that the first and second communication nodes each receive one of the entangled particle pairs. During the entanglement distribution process, the particle generation rate should be >10⁶ pairs / s, and the entanglement fidelity should be >95%.

[0022] In some optional embodiments, after the first and second communication nodes each receive one of the entangled particle pairs, they perform Bell state measurements on the received particle to determine the phase of the particle before and after the measurement. If the phases are the same as those measured, then... Entangled pairs are preserved, and particle pairs are usable. If the measured phases are opposite, i.e. Then the entangled pairs are discarded, the particle pairs are unusable, and they need to be redistributed, received, and measured.

[0023] In some optional embodiments, the purified three-dimensional entangled particle pairs are stored in an addressable quantum memory. Electromagnetically induced transparency technology is used to map the photonic state to the atomic state, and an independent storage address is assigned to each entangled particle pair. Records are updated at the first and second communication nodes, the three-dimensional entangled state resources are pre-stored, and the quantum entangled resources are periodically synchronized with the communication network controller.

[0024] Step 104: Determine the data transmission scheduling configuration based on the channel quality index, the quantum entanglement resources, and the classical channel resources.

[0025] The scheduling configuration can include high-dimensional coding, such as three-dimensional coding, which can transmit log2(3) times the information of a traditional quantum bit. It can also include low-dimensional coding, such as two-dimensional coding, which can cope with situations where the channel quality index is not high.

[0026] Step 106: Based on the scheduling configuration, perform Bell state measurement between the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted and the first entangled state particle, and determine the measurement result.

[0027] Specifically, through Bell state measurement, the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted and the first entangled particle are projected onto a Bell basis. Based on the mutual entanglement of the first entangled particle and the second entangled particle, the second entangled particle will also fall into a state related to the measurement result. By transmitting the measurement result, the second communication node is guided to recover the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted based on the measurement result, thereby determining the data to be transmitted based on the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted.

[0028] Step 108: The measurement result is sent to the second communication node so that the second communication node can correct the second entangled state particle based on the measurement result and determine the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted. The first entangled state particle and the second entangled state particle are a pair of entangled particles.

[0029] In this embodiment, a first communication node, in response to receiving a first entangled particle, acquires the channel quality index, quantum entanglement resources, and classical channel resources of the quantum channel. Based on the channel quality index, quantum entanglement resources, and classical channel resources, it determines a data transmission scheduling configuration. Based on the scheduling configuration, it performs Bell state measurements on the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted and the first entangled particle, determines the measurement result, and sends the measurement result to a second communication node. The second communication node then corrects the second entangled particle based on the measurement result to determine the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted. The first entangled particle and the second entangled particle are mutually entangled particle pairs. This embodiment dynamically plans the data transmission scheduling configuration based on the channel quality index and communication resources to select the optimal scheduling configuration to adapt to the current network environment. Utilizing the characteristics of entangled particles, by transmitting the measurement results of the entangled particle and the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted, and correcting the entangled particle, it avoids directly transmitting qubits. By relying on the transmission of the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted, it combines intelligent routing with quantum communication, which can both increase the amount of information transmitted in a single transmission and improve data transmission efficiency.

[0030] In one implementation, step 104 above, which determines the data transmission scheduling configuration based on the channel quality index, the quantum entanglement resources, and the classical channel resources, may include the following steps.

[0031] Step 104a: If the channel quality index is greater than a preset threshold and the quantum entanglement resources and the classical channel resources meet the first preset condition, determine to transmit data based on a high-dimensional coding method.

[0032] If the channel quality index is greater than a preset threshold and the quantum entanglement resources and the classical channel resources meet the first preset condition, it indicates that the current network environment / channel quality is good and the resources are idle. Therefore, a high-dimensional encoding method can be selected for data transmission to transmit a larger amount of information.

[0033] The first preset condition can be that the amount of idle quantum entanglement resources is greater than a certain large threshold, and the amount of idle classical channel resources is greater than a certain large threshold.

[0034] Step 104b: If the channel quality index is less than or equal to the preset threshold or the quantum entanglement resources and the classical channel resources meet the second preset condition, determine to transmit data based on a low-dimensional coding method.

[0035] If the channel quality index is less than or equal to a preset threshold and the quantum entanglement resources and the classical channel resources meet the second preset condition, it indicates that the current network environment / channel quality is poor or there are few idle resources. Therefore, a low-dimensional coding method can be selected for data transmission to ensure basic data transmission.

[0036] The second preset condition can be that the amount of idle quantum entanglement resources is less than or equal to a certain small threshold, and the amount of idle classical channel resources is less than or equal to a certain small threshold.

[0037] In this embodiment, the data transmission scheduling configuration is determined by judging the channel quality index, the quantum entanglement resources, and the classical channel resources. If the channel quality index is greater than a preset threshold and the quantum entanglement resources and classical channel resources meet a first preset condition, it is determined that the current network environment / channel quality is good and resources are available. Therefore, a high-dimensional encoding method can be selected for data transmission to transmit a larger amount of data, fully utilizing the high-quality channel and abundant resources. If the channel quality index is less than or equal to a preset threshold and the quantum entanglement resources and classical channel resources meet a second preset condition, it is determined that the current network environment / channel quality is poor or resources are scarce. Therefore, a low-dimensional encoding method can be selected for data transmission to ensure basic data transmission and maintain network availability.

[0038] In one implementation, step 108 above, which sends the measurement result to the second communication node, may include the following steps: sending the measurement result to a relay node so that the relay node corrects the third entangled state particle based on the measurement result to determine the correction result; performing Bell measurement on the correction result and the fourth entangled state particle to determine an intermediate measurement result; and sending the intermediate measurement result to the second communication node.

[0039] The relay node includes the third entangled particle entangled with the first entangled particle and the fourth entangled particle entangled with the second entangled particle.

[0040] In this embodiment, considering long-distance data transmission, the data transmission between the first and second communication nodes needs to go through "multi-hops." A relay node is introduced. The first communication node sends the measurement result to the relay node, so that the relay node can correct the third entangled state particle based on the measurement result to determine the correction result. The correction result is then used to perform Bell measurement with the fourth entangled state particle to determine the intermediate measurement result, and the intermediate measurement result is sent to the second communication node. Thus, the first communication node and the relay node transmit the measurement result through entangled particle pairs, and the relay node and the second communication node transmit the measurement result through entangled particle pairs, so that the second communication node can obtain the measurement result transmitted by the first communication node through multiple hops via the relay node.

[0041] In some optional embodiments, relay nodes may include multiple nodes, with each pair of adjacent nodes receiving entangled particle pairs, performing Bell state measurements between each pair of adjacent nodes and transmitting the measurement results for correction, and so on until the data reaches the second communication node to complete the data transmission.

[0042] In one implementation, after sending the measurement result to the second communication node in step 108 above, the method further includes: releasing the quantum entanglement resource and the classical channel resource.

[0043] In this embodiment of the application, after the quantum entanglement resources and the classical channel resources are released after the transmission measurement results are completed, the participating nodes update their internally maintained resources and resource records, and mark the released resources as idle so that they can be called up for the next data transmission.

[0044] Figure 2 A schematic flowchart of another quantum communication-based data transmission method provided in an embodiment of this application is shown. This method is applied to a second communication node and can be executed by an electronic device. See also Figure 2 The method may include the following steps.

[0045] Step 202: In response to receiving the second entangled state particle, receive the measurement result sent by the first communication node.

[0046] The measurement result is determined by the first communication node through Bell state measurement of the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted and the first entangled particle, wherein the first entangled particle and the second entangled particle are a pair of particles that are mutually entangled.

[0047] Step 204: Based on the measurement results, correct the second entangled state particle to determine the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted.

[0048] In this process, the first communication node projects the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted and the first entangled particle onto a Bell basis through Bell state measurement. Based on the mutual entanglement of the first and second entangled particles, the second entangled particle will also fall into a state related to the measurement result. In order to recover the original quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted, the second entangled particle of the second communication node is corrected so that the affected second entangled particle is corrected to become the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted by the first communication node.

[0049] Step 206: Determine the data to be transmitted based on the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted.

[0050] In this embodiment, the second communication node responds to receiving the second entangled particle, and the first communication node responds to receiving the first entangled particle. The second entangled particle and the first entangled particle are a pair of mutually entangled particles. After the first communication node performs Bell state measurement on the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted and the first entangled particle to determine the measurement result, the second entangled particle also changes accordingly. The second communication node receives the measurement result, which can be used to guide the recovery of the original quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted. Based on the measurement result, the second entangled particle is corrected, and the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted is determined. This realizes the transmission of the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted, avoiding the direct transmission of qubits. Relying on the transmission of the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted, the data to be transmitted can be determined according to the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted, thus realizing efficient data transmission based on quantum communication.

[0051] In one implementation, step 202 above, receiving the measurement results sent by the first communication node, includes: receiving intermediate measurement results sent by the relay node.

[0052] The relay node includes a third entangled particle entangled with the first entangled particle and a fourth entangled particle entangled with the second entangled particle. The relay node is used to correct the third entangled particle based on the measurement result to determine the correction result, perform Bell measurement on the correction result and the fourth entangled particle to determine the intermediate measurement result, and send the intermediate measurement result to the second communication node.

[0053] In this embodiment, considering long-distance data transmission, the data transmission between the first and second communication nodes needs to go through "multi-hops." A relay node is introduced. The first communication node sends the measurement result to the relay node. The relay node corrects the third entangled particle based on the measurement result to determine the correction result. The correction result is then used to perform Bell measurement with the fourth entangled particle to determine the intermediate measurement result. The intermediate measurement result is then sent to the second communication node. Thus, the first communication node and the relay node transmit the measurement result through entangled particle pairs, and the relay node and the second communication node transmit the measurement result through entangled particle pairs. This allows the second communication node to obtain the measurement result transmitted by the first communication node through multiple hops via the relay node.

[0054] In some optional embodiments, relay nodes may include multiple nodes, with each pair of adjacent nodes receiving entangled particle pairs, performing Bell state measurements between each pair of adjacent nodes and transmitting the measurement results for correction, and so on until the data reaches the second communication node to complete the data transmission.

[0055] Figure 3 This illustration shows a schematic diagram of a first communication node, a second communication node, or a relay node according to an embodiment of this application. The first communication node, second communication node, or relay node may include a quantum layer, an Artificial Intelligence (AI) computing layer, and a classical communication layer. The quantum layer transmits quantum entanglement resources to the AI ​​computing layer based on the SPI_Quant interface protocol. The AI ​​computing layer transmits encoded dimension / routing instructions to the quantum layer based on the PCle_Control interface protocol. The AI ​​computing layer transmits classical data to the classical communication layer with zero copy based on the Ethernet_RDMA interface protocol. The classical communication layer transmits raw radio frequency signals to the quantum layer based on the CPRI_over_Fiber interface protocol.

[0056] In this process, the quantum layer, based on the entangled state characteristics of OAM, transmits the split signal photon and idler photon in the thin crystal BBO to two nodes that are transmitting data through an optical fiber channel, so that each node receives one of the entangled particle pairs.

[0057] Among them, see Figure 4 , Figure 4This is a functional diagram of an AI computing layer provided in an embodiment of this application. The AI ​​computing layer monitors the state of quantum storage to acquire quantum entanglement resources and predict entanglement requirements; it analyzes the load of classical channels to acquire classical channel resources, and dynamically adjusts the scheduling configuration based on the channel quality index and resources to optimize the coding dimension and generate a scheduling matrix, as shown in Table 1. During data transmission, it acquires the real-time channel quality index and resource status, quickly determines the scheduling configuration from the scheduling matrix, and efficiently transmits data with the determined scheduling configuration. The AI ​​computing layer can also guide the quantum layer to allocate storage units and guide the classical communication layer to adjust beam weights to adapt to the current network environment.

[0058] Table 1.

[0059] In addition, the AI ​​computing power layer has also established a fault tolerance mechanism, such as Figure 5 As shown, after the quantum layer transmits quantum entangled resources, it judges the channel quality index, the quantum entangled resources, and the classical channel resources. When the channel quality index is higher than a preset threshold (e.g., Qc > 0.85) and the idle amount of resources is greater than a certain large threshold, it instructs the quantum layer to use a three-dimensional encoding method for data transmission. When the channel quality index is lower than the preset threshold (e.g., Qc ≤ 0.85) multiple times (e.g., 3 times) or the idle amount of resources is less than a certain small threshold, it triggers the use of a classical redundant channel to transmit data. The classical communication layer informs the quantum layer of the low-quality situation that triggers the use of the classical redundant channel to transmit data.

[0060] Figure 6 The diagram illustrates a flowchart of another quantum communication-based data transmission method provided in this application embodiment, in one implementation. This method is applied to communication node 1, relay node 1, relay node 2, and communication node 2. The method may include the following steps.

[0061] Step 601: Initialization of three-dimensional entangled particle pairs between adjacent nodes.

[0062] Among them, the three-dimensional entangled states pre-stored between each adjacent node: Initialize each node to store particle pairs: communication node 1 and relay node 1: particle pair (A1, B1); relay node 1 and relay node 2: particle pair (C1, D1); relay node 2 and communication node 2: particle pair (E1, F1).

[0063] Step 602: Data transmission occurs between communication node 1 and relay node 1.

[0064] In this process, communication node 1 reads particle A1 from its local storage and shares entanglement with particle R1 of relay node 1, along with the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted. Three-dimensional Bell state measurements were performed on particle A1, wherein the measurement methods may include: using a spatial light modulator, loading a hologram, and separating the OAM mode (λ= (0, 1) The pattern distribution is projected onto 9 Belkis as interferometers using a 3×3 multiport beam splitter. Finally, the spatial spectrum is obtained by capturing the pattern distribution using a single-photon camera. Based on the spatial spectrum, a 4-bit classical result M is output. A Finally, the classic result M of the output bits will be... A The message is sent to relay node 1 via the classic channel. Once communication node 1 has completed its operation, it can release the resources without waiting for responses from other nodes.

[0065] Step 603: Data transmission occurs between relay node 1 and relay node 2.

[0066] Among them, relay node 1 receives measurement result M A Then, read and correct the particles (read the locally stored particle B1 entangled with A1, based on the measurement result M). A A correction operation is applied to B1. The expression for the correction operation is: ,in, These are the mathematical symbols for the correction operation, where X represents the OAM mode cyclic permutation algorithm and Z represents the phase shift operator. ), The corrected particle B1 and the local particle C1 are subjected to a joint three-dimensional Bell measurement to obtain the measurement result M. R1 M R1 Sending to relay node 2, during which relay node 1 receives M A The operation is initiated only afterward, and particle B1 does not degenerate while waiting in the memory.

[0067] Step 604: Data transmission occurs between relay node 2 and communication node 2.

[0068] Among them, relay node 2 received the measurement result M R1 After startup, read and correct particles (read locally stored particle D1, based on the received M) R1 Apply correction operation U to D1 R1 The corrected D1 and the local particle E1 are then subjected to a joint three-dimensional Bell measurement to obtain the measurement result M. R2 M R2 Send to communication node 2.

[0069] Step 605: Communication node 2 corrects the particle based on the received measurement results, determines the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted, and determines the data to be transmitted based on the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted.

[0070] Among them, communication node 2 received M R2Read and correct particles (read particle F1, according to M) R2 Apply correction operation U R2 ), to obtain the quantum state |Ψ corresponding to the data to be transmitted. Finally, a fidelity verification is performed.

[0071] In some embodiments, after the transmission is completed, all participating nodes release the quantum storage units used in this transmission, the node's control unit updates its quantum resource map, marks these storage units as idle, and the background entanglement distribution and purification process continues to run to replenish the consumed entanglement resources.

[0072] In other embodiments, the above-described quantum communication-based data transmission method may further include: communication node 1 performing quantum state decomposition, and decomposing the quantum state |Ψ3 corresponding to the data to be transmitted. Compile into two two-dimensional logical states, and add a check state |ψ2 To ensure information integrity, a queue of quantum states to be transmitted is obtained [|ψ1] ,|ψ2 Communication node 1 acquires resources and marks links supporting two-dimensional and three-dimensional communication links. The original path, Communication Node 1 → Relay Node 1 → Relay Node 2 → Communication Node 2, is split into a high-dimensional segment and a two-dimensional segment. The high-dimensional segment, Communication Node 1 → Relay Node 1, still uses three-dimensional entanglement, while the two-dimensional segment, Relay Node 1 → Relay Node 2 → Communication Node 2, uses two-dimensional entanglement (dimensionality reduction is achieved using a quantum frequency-space converter). Additional channel resources are allocated to the two-dimensional segment in terms of bandwidth, and |ψ1... ,|ψ2 Data transmission is converted from 3D OAM encoding to 2D wavelength / polarization encoding.

[0073] In other embodiments, the above-described quantum communication-based data transmission method may further include: dynamically managing resources, performing maintenance and updates, and ensuring continuous resource availability. At each node, new entangled particle pairs are continuously generated to replace expired resources. When the fidelity of a newly distributed entangled particle pair is lower than 85%, it is automatically cascaded and purified with the stored high-fidelity state.

[0074] This application combines high-dimensional quantum communication with intelligent scheduling and configuration. By forming a closed-loop communication system through environmental perception, dynamic compilation, quantum transmission, fault tolerance mechanisms, and resource maintenance, it can solve the problem of resource management limitations in dynamic environments under traditional quantum communication technology. At the same time, it realizes quantum state compilation optimization, which can significantly improve communication efficiency and achieve full-link intelligent adaptation of quantum communication. Quantum communication can be carried out using 3D encoding, which significantly increases the amount of information transmitted in a single transmission (log2 (3) times increase) and greatly improves the data transmission rate. Using the same communication method, the entanglement dimension can be extended to four-dimensional and five-dimensional cases, providing a high-dimensional theoretical basis. This application also supports long-distance multi-hop transmission, providing more usable application scenarios.

[0075] It should be noted that the data transmission method based on quantum communication provided in this application can be executed by a data transmission device based on quantum communication, or by a control module within that device for executing the data transmission method based on quantum communication. This application uses the execution of the method by a data transmission device based on quantum communication as an example to illustrate the data transmission device based on quantum communication provided in this application.

[0076] Figure 7 This paper presents a schematic diagram of a data transmission device based on quantum communication according to an embodiment of this application. See also... Figure 7 The device 700 may include: an acquisition module 71, a configuration module 72, a measurement module 73, and a transmission module 74.

[0077] The acquisition module 71 is used to acquire the channel quality index, quantum entanglement resources, and classical channel resources of the quantum channel in response to receiving the first entangled particle; the configuration module 72 is used to determine the data transmission scheduling configuration based on the channel quality index, the quantum entanglement resources, and the classical channel resources; the measurement module 73 is used to perform Bell state measurement on the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted and the first entangled particle based on the scheduling configuration, and determine the measurement result; the transmission module 74 is used to send the measurement result to the second communication node, so that the second communication node can correct the second entangled particle based on the measurement result and determine the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted, wherein the first entangled particle and the second entangled particle are a mutually entangled particle pair.

[0078] In one implementation, the configuration module 72 described above can be used to determine data transmission based on a high-dimensional encoding method when the channel quality index is greater than a preset threshold and the quantum entanglement resources and the classical channel resources meet a first preset condition; and to determine data transmission based on a low-dimensional encoding method when the channel quality index is less than or equal to the preset threshold or the quantum entanglement resources and the classical channel resources meet a second preset condition.

[0079] In one implementation, the aforementioned sending module 74 can be used to send the measurement result to a relay node, so that the relay node corrects the third entangled state particle based on the measurement result to determine the correction result, performs Bell measurement on the correction result and the fourth entangled state particle to determine an intermediate measurement result, and sends the intermediate measurement result to the second communication node; wherein, the relay node includes the third entangled state particle entangled with the first entangled state particle and the fourth entangled state particle entangled with the second entangled state particle.

[0080] In one implementation, the aforementioned device 700 can also be used to release the quantum entanglement resources and the classical channel resources.

[0081] Figure 8 This paper presents a schematic diagram of another quantum communication-based data transmission device according to an embodiment of this application. See also... Figure 8 The device 800 may include a receiving module 81, a correction module 82, and a determining module 83.

[0082] The receiving module 81 is configured to receive a measurement result sent by the first communication node in response to receiving the second entangled particle; wherein the measurement result is determined by the first communication node through Bell state measurement of the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted and the first entangled particle, and the first entangled particle and the second entangled particle are a pair of entangled particles; the correction module 82 is configured to correct the second entangled particle based on the measurement result to determine the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted; and the determination module 83 is configured to determine the data to be transmitted based on the quantum state corresponding to the data to be transmitted.

[0083] In one implementation, the receiving module 81 described above can be used to receive intermediate measurement results sent by a relay node; wherein the relay node includes a third entangled particle entangled with the first entangled particle and a fourth entangled particle entangled with the second entangled particle, the relay node is used to correct the third entangled particle based on the measurement results to determine a correction result, perform Bell measurement on the correction result and the fourth entangled particle to determine an intermediate measurement result, and send the intermediate measurement result to a second communication node.

[0084] The quantum communication-based data transmission device in this application embodiment can be an electronic device or a component within an electronic device, such as an integrated circuit or a chip. The electronic device can be a terminal or other devices besides a terminal. For example, the electronic device can be a mobile phone, tablet computer, laptop computer, PDA, in-vehicle electronic device, mobile internet device (MID), augmented reality (AR) / virtual reality (VR) device, robot, wearable device, ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), netbook, or personal digital assistant (PDA), etc. It can also be a server, network attached storage (NAS), personal computer (PC), television (TV), ATM, or self-service machine, etc. This application embodiment does not specifically limit the specific device.

[0085] The quantum communication-based data transmission device in this application embodiment can be a device with an operating system. This operating system can be Android, iOS, or other possible operating systems; this application embodiment does not specifically limit it.

[0086] The quantum communication-based data transmission device provided in this application embodiment can achieve... Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 5 and Figure 6 The various processes implemented in the method implementation examples will not be described again here to avoid repetition.

[0087] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a quantum communication-based data transmission system provided in an embodiment of this application is shown, wherein the system 900 includes a first communication node 91 and a second communication node 92.

[0088] The first communication node 91 can be used to perform the above. Figure 1 The steps of the illustrated embodiment are shown. The second communication node 92 can be used to perform the above-described steps. Figure 2 The steps of the illustrated embodiment.

[0089] In some optional embodiments, the system 900 described above may further include at least one relay node, which, together with the first and second communication nodes described above, can be used to perform the above-described... Figure 6 The steps of the illustrated embodiment.

[0090] Based on the same technical concept, embodiments of this application also provide an electronic device for performing the aforementioned quantum communication-based data transmission method. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an electronic device to implement the various embodiments of this application. The electronic device can vary significantly due to differences in configuration or performance, and may include a processor 1001, a communications interface 1002, a memory 1003, and a communication bus 1004. The processor 1001, communications interface 1002, and memory 1003 communicate with each other via the communication bus 1004. The processor 1001 can call a computer program stored in the memory 1003 and executable on the processor 1001 to perform the various steps of the above-described embodiments of the quantum communication-based data transmission method, achieving the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, further details are omitted here.

[0091] It should be noted that the electronic devices in the embodiments of this application include servers, terminals, or other devices besides terminals. For example, automobiles, robots, and handheld devices.

[0092] The above electronic device structure does not constitute a limitation on the electronic device. An electronic device may include more or fewer components than illustrated, or combine certain components, or arrange them differently. For example, an input unit may include a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) and a microphone, and a display unit may use a liquid crystal display (LCD), organic light-emitting diode (OLED), or other similar display panels. User input units include at least one of a touch panel and other input devices. A touch panel is also called a touchscreen. Other input devices may include, but are not limited to, physical keyboards, function keys (such as volume control buttons, power buttons, etc.), trackballs, mice, and joysticks, which will not be elaborated further here.

[0093] Memory can be used to store software programs and various data. Memory can primarily include a first storage area for storing programs or instructions and a second storage area for storing data. The first storage area can store the operating system, application programs or instructions required for at least one function (such as sound playback, image playback, etc.). Furthermore, memory can include volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or both. Non-volatile memory can be read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), or flash memory. Volatile memory can be random access memory (RAM), static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (SDRAM), double data rate synchronous dynamic random access memory (DDRSDRAM), enhanced synchronous dynamic random access memory (ESDRAM), synchronous linked dynamic random access memory (Synchlink DRAM, SLDRAM), and direct memory bus RAM (DRRAM).

[0094] The processor may include one or more processing units; optionally, the processor integrates an application processor and a modem processor, wherein the application processor mainly handles operations related to the operating system, user interface, and applications, while the modem processor mainly handles wireless communication signals, such as a baseband processor. It is understood that the aforementioned modem processor may also not be integrated into the processor.

[0095] This application also provides a readable storage medium storing a program or instructions. When the program or instructions are executed by a processor, they implement the various processes of the above-described quantum communication-based data transmission method embodiments and achieve the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, they will not be described again here.

[0096] The processor is the processor in the electronic device described in the above embodiments. The readable storage medium includes computer-readable storage media, such as computer read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic disk, or optical disk.

[0097] This application embodiment also provides a chip, which includes a processor and a communication interface. The communication interface is coupled to the processor. The processor is used to run programs or instructions to implement the various processes of the above-described quantum communication-based data transmission method embodiments and can achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, it will not be described again here.

[0098] It should be understood that the chip mentioned in the embodiments of this application may also be referred to as a system-on-a-chip, system chip, chip system, or system-on-a-chip, etc.

[0099] This application also provides a computer program product, which includes a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. The computer program includes a program or instructions. When the program or instructions are executed, they implement the various processes of the above-described embodiments of the data transmission method based on quantum communication and achieve the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, they will not be described again here.

[0100] It should be noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element. Furthermore, it should be noted that the scope of the methods and apparatuses in the embodiments of this application is not limited to performing functions in the order shown or discussed, but may also include performing functions substantially simultaneously or in the reverse order, depending on the functions involved. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and various steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Additionally, features described with reference to certain examples may be combined in other examples.

[0101] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the methods of the above embodiments can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms. Of course, they can also be implemented by hardware, but in many cases the former is a better implementation method. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of this application, in essence, or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product is stored in a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk) and includes several instructions to cause a terminal (which may be a mobile phone, computer, server, air conditioner, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments of this application.

[0102] The embodiments of this application have been described above with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, this application is not limited to the specific embodiments described above. The specific embodiments described above are merely illustrative and not restrictive. Those skilled in the art can make many other forms under the guidance of this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the claims, and all of these forms are within the protection scope of this application.

Claims

1. A data transmission method based on quantum communication, characterized in that, The method is applied to a first communication node, and comprises: in response to receiving a first entangled state particle, acquiring a channel quality index of a quantum channel, quantum entanglement resources, and classical channel resources; determining a scheduling configuration of data transmission according to the channel quality index, the quantum entanglement resources, and the classical channel resources; performing Bell state measurement on a quantum state corresponding to to-be-transmitted data and the first entangled state particle based on the scheduling configuration, and determining a measurement result; sending the measurement result to a second communication node, so that the second communication node corrects a second entangled state particle based on the measurement result, and determines the quantum state corresponding to the to-be-transmitted data, the first entangled state particle and the second entangled state particle being a pair of mutually entangled particles.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, The method further comprises: releasing the quantum entanglement resources and the classical channel resources. The method is applied to a second communication node, and comprises:

3. The method of claim 1, wherein, in response to receiving a second entangled state particle, receiving a measurement result sent by a first communication node; wherein the measurement result is determined by the first communication node performing Bell state measurement on a quantum state corresponding to to-be-transmitted data and a first entangled state particle, and the first entangled state particle and the second entangled state particle are a pair of mutually entangled particles; correcting the second entangled state particle based on the measurement result, and determining the quantum state corresponding to the to-be-transmitted data; determining to-be-transmitted data according to the quantum state corresponding to the to-be-transmitted data.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein, The method further comprises: receiving an intermediate measurement result sent by a relay node; 5. A data transmission method based on quantum communication, characterized by, ​ ​ ​ ​ 6. The method of claim 5, wherein, ​ ​ The relay node includes a third entangled state particle entangled with the first entangled state particle and a fourth entangled state particle entangled with the second entangled state particle, and is configured to correct the third entangled state particle based on the measurement result to obtain a correction result, perform Bell measurement on the correction result and the fourth entangled state particle to obtain an intermediate measurement result, and send the intermediate measurement result to the second communication node.

7. A data transmission apparatus based on quantum communication, characterized by comprising: a quantum communication device; a quantum communication channel; a quantum communication receiver; and a quantum communication transmitter. The system comprises a first communication node and a second communication node. The first communication node is configured to perform the steps of the data transmission method based on quantum communication according to any one of claims 1 to 4, and the second communication node is configured to perform the steps of the data transmission method based on quantum communication according to claim 5 or 6. The computer program product comprises a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, and the computer program comprises programs or instructions which, when executed, implement the steps of the data transmission method based on quantum communication according to any one of claims 1 to 6. The computer program product comprises a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, and the computer program comprises programs or instructions which, when executed, implement the steps of the data transmission method based on quantum communication according to any one of claims 1 to 6. The computer program product comprises a computer program stored on a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, and the computer program comprises programs or instructions which, when executed, implement the steps of the data transmission method based on quantum communication according to any one of claims 1 to 6.

8. A data transmission apparatus based on quantum communication, characterized by comprising: a quantum communication device; a quantum communication channel; a quantum communication receiver; and a quantum communication transmitter. ​ ​ ​ ​ 9. A data transmission system based on quantum communication, characterized by ​ ​ 10. An electronic device, comprising: ​ 11. A readable storage medium, characterized by, ​ 12. A computer program product, characterised in that, ​

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