Display device and method of manufacturing same

Abstract

The invention relates to a display device and a method of manufacturing the same. The display device includes: a display panel that displays an image; a window layer disposed on the display panel; and a protective film disposed on the window layer. The protective film includes: a base layer directly contacting the window layer; a hard coating layer disposed on the base layer; a first functional layer disposed on the hard coat layer and including a metal alkoxide compound; and a second functional layer disposed on the first functional layer and including a crosslinked structure of a fluorinated acrylate compound.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure generally relates to display devices. More specifically, this disclosure relates to display devices, methods of manufacturing display devices, and electronic devices including display devices. Background Technology

[0002] Display devices are electronic devices that display images to users and serve as a connection medium between users and information. With the development of the information society, display devices have become increasingly important. For example, the use of display devices (such as liquid crystal displays (LCDs), organic light-emitting diode (OLEDs), plasma display panels (PDPs), or quantum dot displays) is increasing.

[0003] Foldable displays (such as flexible displays) may include a protective film covering the window of the display device. The protective film should be flexible so that it does not crack even when the display device is folded or bent. Additionally, research is underway to reduce the reflection of external light by foldable displays (such as flexible displays) to provide users with increased image quality. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The implementation provides a display device with increased display quality.

[0005] The implementation provides a method for manufacturing a display device.

[0006] The embodiments provide electronic devices including display devices.

[0007] According to embodiments of this disclosure, a display device includes: a display panel for displaying an image; a window layer disposed on the display panel; and a protective film disposed on the window layer. The protective film includes: a base layer in direct contact with the window layer; a hard coating layer disposed on the base layer; a first functional layer disposed on the hard coating layer and comprising a metal alkoxide compound; and a second functional layer disposed on the first functional layer and comprising a cross-linked structure of a fluorinated acrylate compound.

[0008] In some embodiments, the metal alkoxide compound may include titanium.

[0009] In embodiments, the metal alkoxide compound may include tetrabutyl titanate tetramer represented by Formula 1-1 or tetra(2-ethylhexyl) titanate represented by Formula 1-2.

[0010] <Formula 1-1>

[0011]

[0012] <Equation 1-2>

[0013]

[0014] In an implementation, the thickness of the first functional layer can be in the range of about 90 nanometers to about 150 nanometers.

[0015] In an embodiment, the second functional layer may include a polymer derived from dodecafluoroheptyl acrylate.

[0016] In an embodiment, the second functional layer may include a cross-linked structure of a fluorinated acrylate compound comprising repeating units of Formula 2 below.

[0017] <Formula 2>

[0018]

[0019] n can be any one of 6, 8, 10, and 12.

[0020] In an implementation, the thickness of the second functional layer can be in the range of about 90 nanometers to about 110 nanometers.

[0021] In an implementation, the first refractive index of the first functional layer may be greater than the second refractive index of the second functional layer.

[0022] According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a method for manufacturing a display device includes: forming a hard coating layer on a substrate layer; forming a first functional layer comprising a metal alkoxide compound on the hard coating layer; forming a second functional layer comprising a crosslinked structure of a fluorinated acrylate compound on the first functional layer; and bonding a window layer and a substrate layer together, wherein the window layer and the substrate layer are in direct contact with each other, and the window layer is disposed on a display panel displaying an image.

[0023] In this embodiment, the first functional layer may be formed by slot coating, spin coating or inkjet printing.

[0024] In some embodiments, the metal alkoxide compound may include titanium.

[0025] In this implementation, the second functional layer can be formed by a vacuum deposition polymerization process.

[0026] In one embodiment, the formation of the second functional layer may include: loading a base layer, a hard coating layer, and a first functional layer onto a support member disposed inside a vacuum chamber; supplying a fluorinated acrylate compound and an inert gas to the interior of the vacuum chamber; ionizing and accelerating the inert gas; and forming the second functional layer on the first functional layer by causing the fluorinated acrylate compound and the inert gas to collide with each other.

[0027] In an embodiment, the second functional layer may include a polymer derived from dodecafluoroheptyl acrylate.

[0028] In an embodiment, the second functional layer may include a cross-linked structure of a fluorinated acrylate compound comprising repeating units of Formula 2 below.

[0029] <Formula 2>

[0030]

[0031] n can be any one of 6, 8, 10, and 12.

[0032] A display device according to embodiments of the present disclosure may include a display panel for displaying images, a window layer disposed on the display panel, and a protective film disposed on the window layer. The protective film may include: a base layer in direct contact with the window layer; a hard coating layer disposed on the base layer; a first functional layer disposed on the hard coating layer and comprising a metal alkoxide compound; and a second functional layer disposed on the first functional layer and comprising a cross-linked structure of a fluorinated acrylate compound.

[0033] The first functional layer enhances the adhesion between the hardened coating and the second functional layer. Together with the first functional layer, the second functional layer reduces the reflectivity of the display device. Correspondingly, this increases the visibility of the display device.

[0034] Each of the first and second functional layers may have a single-layer structure. Accordingly, the protective film may have relatively high elastic strain and may prevent cracks from appearing in the protective film during folding and unfolding operations of the display device. Attached Figure Description

[0035] The illustrative and non-limiting embodiments will be more clearly understood from the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0036] Figure 1 A perspective view illustrating the unfolded shape of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0037] Figure 2 and Figure 3 To illustrate the embodiments according to this disclosure Figure 1 A perspective view of the folded shape of the display device.

[0038] Figure 4 To illustrate the embodiments according to this disclosure Figure 1 An exploded perspective view of the display device.

[0039] Figure 5 To illustrate the embodiments according to this disclosure Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the display device.

[0040] Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 and Figure 11 A cross-sectional view illustrating a method for manufacturing a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0041] Figure 12 This is a block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0042] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0043] In the following description, embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numerals are used for the same components in the drawings, and repeated descriptions of the same components will be omitted.

[0044] It will also be understood that when a layer is mentioned as being "on" another layer or substrate, it may be directly on that other layer or substrate, or there may be intervening elements. In contrast, when an element is mentioned as being "directly on" another element, there may be no intervening element. Furthermore, the phrase "in a plan view" refers to a portion of an object viewed from above, and the term "in a schematic cross-sectional view" refers to a schematic cross-section obtained by vertically cutting a portion of an object viewed from the side.

[0045] This disclosure relates to a display device comprising a protective film directly disposed on a window layer. The protective film includes a first functional layer disposed on a hard coating layer and a second functional layer disposed on the first functional layer. The first functional layer comprises a metal alkoxide compound. The second functional layer comprises a cross-linked structure of a fluorinated acrylate compound. Both the first and second functional layers may have a monolayer structure. The first functional layer enhances the adhesion between the hard coating layer and the second functional layer.

[0046] The refractive index of the first functional layer can be greater than that of the second functional layer. Both the first and second functional layers can provide the protective film with a reflectivity of less than or equal to about 1%. Therefore, the visibility of the display device and the quality of the image displayed by the display device can be increased. The elastic strain of the protective film can be in the range of about 7% to about 25%. Therefore, cracks can be prevented during the folding and unfolding operations of the display device.

[0047] Figure 1 A perspective view illustrating the unfolded shape of a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. Figure 2 and Figure 3 To explain Figure 1 A perspective view of the folded shape of the display device. For example, Figure 2 To explain Figure 1 A perspective view of the inward-folding shape of the display device. For example, Figure 3 To explain Figure 1 A perspective view of the outward-folding shape of the display device.

[0048] In this specification, the plane can be defined by a first direction DR1 and a second direction DR2 intersecting the first direction DR1. For example, in an embodiment, the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2 may be perpendicular to each other. The direction orthogonal to the plane (i.e., the thickness direction of the display device DD) may be a third direction DR3. For example, the third direction DR3 may be perpendicular to each of the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2. However, the embodiments of this disclosure are not necessarily limited to this, and the first direction DR1 to the third direction DR3 may intersect each other at various different angles.

[0049] refer to Figure 1 , Figure 2 and Figure 3 The display device DD according to embodiments of the present disclosure may include a display area DA, a transmissive area TA, and a non-display area NDA.

[0050] The display area DA can be defined as an area that displays an image by generating light or adjusting the transmittance of light provided by an external light source. Multiple pixels can be arranged in the display area DA. Each pixel can generate light in response to a drive signal. For example, in one embodiment, the pixels can be arranged in a matrix along a first direction DR1 and a second direction DR2. The upper surface of the display device DD can be defined as a display surface, and the display surface can have a plane defined by the first direction DR1 and the second direction DR2. The image generated by the display device DD can be provided to the user through the display surface.

[0051] The non-display area NDA may (e.g., in the first direction DR1 and / or the second direction DR2) be located around the display area DA. The non-display area NDA may surround at least a portion of the display area DA in a plan view. For example, the non-display area NDA may completely surround the display area DA in a plan view. The non-display area NDA may be defined as an area where no image is displayed. Scan drivers or data drivers that provide drive signals to pixels may be arranged in the non-display area NDA.

[0052] The transmissive region TA may have a higher transmittance than the display region DA and the non-display region NDA. Natural light, visible light, or infrared light, etc., can travel through the transmissive region TA into the interior of the display device DD. In an embodiment, the display device DD may further include a sensor that uses visible light passing through the transmissive region TA to capture an external image or uses infrared light passing through the transmissive region TA to determine the proximity of an external object. The sensor may overlap with the transmissive region TA in a plan view. For example, the transmissive region TA may be located inside the display region DA. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not necessarily limited to this, and the transmissive region TA may be located inside the non-display region NDA, or may be surrounded by the display region DA and the non-display region NDA.

[0053] like Figure 2 As explained herein, the display device DD may be a foldable display device. For example, in an embodiment, the display device DD may be folded along a hypothetical first folding axis AX1 that extends in the second direction DR2.

[0054] In an embodiment, the display device DD may include a folded region FA folded by a first folding axis AX1 and a first non-folded region NFA1 and a second non-folded region NFA2 spaced apart from each other in a first direction DR1 by the folded region FA.

[0055] In one embodiment, the display device DD can be folded inward relative to the first folding axis AX1. Here, inward folding can refer to a manner in which the first non-folding region NFA1 and the second non-folding region NFA2 are folded in a direction facing each other so that the display surface is not exposed to the outside (e.g., the external environment). However, the embodiments of this disclosure are not necessarily limited to this, and the display device DD can be folded in various other ways.

[0056] For example, in such Figure 3 In the embodiment illustrated herein, the display device DD can be folded along a hypothetical second folding axis AX2 extending in the second direction DR2. In this embodiment, the display device DD can be folded outward relative to the second folding axis AX2. Here, outward folding can refer to a manner in which the first non-folding region NFA1 and the second non-folding region NFA2 are folded in opposite directions to expose the display surface to the outside (e.g., the external environment).

[0057] For example, the display device DD may operate only in one of the modes selected from inward folding and outward folding. However, the embodiments of this disclosure are not necessarily limited to this, and the display device DD may operate in either the inward folding method or the outward folding method relative to a folding axis.

[0058] Figure 4 To explain Figure 1 An exploded perspective view of the display device. Figure 5 To explain Figure 1 A cross-sectional view of the display device. For ease of description, Figure 5 Only the display module DM and the upper functional layer arranged on the display module DM are explained.

[0059] refer to Figure 4 and Figure 5 In this embodiment, the display device DD may include a display module DM, an upper functional layer disposed on the display module DM, and a lower functional layer disposed below the display module DM. In this embodiment, the upper functional layer may include a polarizing layer POL, a window layer WD, and a protective film PL. The lower functional layer may include a digitizer DGT and a buffer layer CUS.

[0060] The display module DM may include a display panel DP and a touch component TSM. The display panel DP can display images. The display panel DP may include multiple light-emitting elements. Each light-emitting element may include a lower electrode, a light-emitting layer, and a upper electrode. Holes provided in the lower electrode and electrons provided in the upper electrode can recombine in the light-emitting layer to form excitons, and the light-emitting layer can emit light when the excitons transition from an excited state to a ground state. The light-emitting layer can emit light of a specific color. For example, in an embodiment, the light-emitting layer can emit light of colors such as red, green, and blue. For example, in an embodiment, the light-emitting layer may include at least one of organic light-emitting materials and quantum dots. Figure 4 The folded axis AX can correspond to Figure 2 The first folding axis AX1 or Figure 3 The second folding axis AX2.

[0061] The touch component TSM can be disposed on the display panel DP. For example, in one embodiment, the touch component TSM can be disposed directly on the display panel DP. For example, the touch component TSM can be disposed directly on the display panel DP (e.g., on a third-party DR3) without the need for adhesive components. However, the embodiments of this disclosure are not necessarily limited to this, and the touch component TSM can be bonded to the upper surface of the display panel DP by adhesive components.

[0062] A touch component (TSM) can detect a user's touch. For example, a touch component (TSM) can acquire coordinate information based on external input (such as a user's touch). For example, a touch component (TSM) can acquire coordinate information based on external input using mutual capacitance and / or self-capacitance methods. A touch component (TSM) may include multiple touch electrodes, routing lines connected to the respective touch electrodes, and at least one touch insulating layer.

[0063] The digitizer DGT may be arranged below the display module DM (e.g., in a direction opposite to the third-direction DR3). For example, the digitizer DGT may be arranged below the display panel DP (e.g., directly below it in a direction opposite to the third-direction DR3). In an embodiment, the digitizer DGT may detect input made by an electromagnetic pen. For example, the digitizer DGT may be driven by electromagnetic resonance (EMR) using electromagnetic induction. The digitizer DGT may include a first non-folding portion NFP1, a second non-folding portion NFP2, and a folding portion FP.

[0064] The first non-folded portion NFP1 may at least partially overlap with the first non-folded region NFA1. The second non-folded portion NFP2 may at least partially overlap with the second non-folded region NFA2. The folded portion FP may overlap with the folded region FA. The folded portion FP may be arranged (e.g., in the first direction DR1) between the first non-folded portion NFP1 and the second non-folded portion NFP2. A plurality of through holes HL may be defined in the folded portion FP. The through holes HL may penetrate the folded portion FP in the thickness direction (e.g., the third direction DR3). The plurality of through holes HL may be spaced apart from each other in the first direction DR1 and / or the second direction DR2.

[0065] A buffer layer CUS can be disposed below the digitizer DGT. The buffer layer CUS protects the display module DM from external impacts. Additionally, the buffer layer CUS prevents foreign objects from entering the through-hole HL when the display device DD is deployed. For example, in an embodiment, the buffer layer CUS may include foam strips or foam pads.

[0066] In an implementation, the buffer layer CUS may include a first buffer layer CUS1 and a second buffer layer CUS2. The first buffer layer CUS1 may be spaced apart from the second buffer layer CUS2 in a first direction DR1 within the folded region FA. The first buffer layer CUS1 may overlap with a portion of the first non-folded portion NFP1 and the folded portion FP in a plan view. The second buffer layer CUS2 may overlap with another portion of the second non-folded portion NFP2 and the folded portion FP in a plan view. Because the first buffer layer CUS1 is spaced apart from the second buffer layer CUS2 within the folded region FA, the shape of the digitizer DGT can be easily deformed when the folded portion FP is folded with a curvature (e.g., a predetermined curvature).

[0067] like Figure 5 As explained, the polarization layer POL can be disposed on the display module DM. For example, the polarization layer POL can be disposed on the touch component TSM. For example, in one embodiment, the polarization layer POL can be bonded to the upper surface of the touch component TSM via a first adhesive layer ADL1. The polarization layer POL can reduce external light reflection from the display device DD. For example, the polarization layer POL may include a polarizer and / or a phase delay unit.

[0068] The first adhesive layer ADL1 may be disposed (e.g., on the third-direction DR3) between the display module DM and the polarizing layer POL. The first adhesive layer ADL1 can bond the display module DM and the polarizing layer POL to each other.

[0069] A window layer WD may be disposed on the polarizing layer POL. The window layer WD may cover and protect the display module DM and the polarizing layer POL. For example, in one embodiment, the window layer WD may be bonded to the upper surface of the polarizing layer POL via a second adhesive layer ADL2. The window layer WD may include a transparent material to allow light supplied by the display panel DP to pass through to the outside (e.g., the external environment). For example, the window layer WD may include glass or plastic. In one embodiment, the window layer WD may be an ultrathin glass or transparent polyimide film having a thickness of less than or equal to about 0.3 mm. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not necessarily limited to this.

[0070] The second adhesive layer ADL2 can be disposed (e.g., on the third-direction DR3) between the polarizing layer POL and the window layer WD. The second adhesive layer ADL2 can bond the polarizing layer POL and the window layer WD to each other.

[0071] In one embodiment, each of the first adhesive layer ADL1 and the second adhesive layer ADL2 may include a pressure-sensitive adhesive (PSA) film, an optically transparent adhesive (OCA) film, or an optically transparent resin (OCR).

[0072] In this embodiment, the light-blocking layer (LBP) may be disposed at the edge of the window layer (WD). The light-blocking layer (LBP) may overlap with the non-display area (NDA). The light-blocking layer (LBP) prevents the drivers that drive the display panel (DP) from being seen from the outside (e.g., the external environment). The light-blocking layer (LBP) may comprise inorganic or organic materials containing a light-blocking material with a black color. For example, in this embodiment, the light-blocking layer (LBP) may comprise black pigment, black dye, or carbon black. These materials may be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0073] The protective film PL can be disposed on the window layer WD (e.g., directly disposed on the third-party DR3). In an embodiment, the protective film PL may include a base layer BL, a hard coating layer HC, a first functional layer FL1, and a second functional layer FL2.

[0074] The substrate layer BL can be disposed on the window layer WD (e.g., directly disposed on the third-party DR3). The substrate layer BL can include organic materials. In embodiments, organic materials that can be used as the substrate layer BL may include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyimide (PI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC), or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), etc. These materials can be used alone or in combination with each other.

[0075] For example, in embodiments, the thickness of the substrate layer BL (e.g., its length on the third-direction DR3) can range from about 30 micrometers to about 150 micrometers. For example, the thickness of the substrate layer BL can range from about 50 micrometers to about 100 micrometers. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not necessarily limited to these.

[0076] The hard coating HC can be disposed on the substrate layer BL (e.g., directly disposed on the third-direction DR3). The hard coating HC can protect the surface of the window layer WD and can increase the mechanical properties of the window layer WD. The hard coating HC can include organic materials. In embodiments, organic materials that can be used as the hard coating HC may include polyimide (PI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), liquid crystal polymers, or polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), etc. These materials can be used alone or in combination with each other. For example, in embodiments, the thickness of the hard coating HC (e.g., its length on the third-direction DR3) can be in the range of about 3 micrometers to about 10 micrometers. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not necessarily limited to this.

[0077] A first functional layer FL1 may be disposed on a hard coating HC (e.g., directly disposed on a third-party DR3). The first functional layer FL1 may enhance the adhesion between the hard coating HC and the second functional layer FL2, described below. In embodiments, the first functional layer FL1 may comprise a metal alkoxide compound. In embodiments, the metal alkoxide compound may comprise titanium (Ti). For example, in embodiments, the metal alkoxide compound may comprise a titanium alkoxide oligomer or a titanium alkoxide monomer, and the titanium alkoxide oligomer may comprise a tetrabutyl titanate tetramer represented by Formula 1-1 below, and the titanium alkoxide monomer may comprise tetra(2-ethylhexyl) titanate represented by Formula 1-2 below.

[0078] <Formula 1-1>

[0079]

[0080] <Equation 1-2>

[0081]

[0082] In an embodiment, the first functional layer FL1 can be formed by applying a metal alkoxide compound to the hard coating HC by methods such as slot coating, spin coating, or inkjet printing.

[0083] In an implementation, the thickness of the first functional layer FL1 (e.g., its length on the third-direction DR3) can range from about 90 nanometers to about 150 nanometers. For example, the thickness of the first functional layer FL1 can range from about 95 nanometers to about 130 nanometers.

[0084] The second functional layer FL2 may be disposed on the first functional layer FL1 (e.g., directly disposed on the third-party DR3). In embodiments, the second functional layer FL2 may comprise a cross-linked structure of a fluorinated acrylate compound. In embodiments, the second functional layer FL2 may comprise a polymer derived from dodecafluoroheptyl acrylate (DFHA). For example, in embodiments, the second functional layer FL2 may comprise a cross-linked structure of a fluorinated acrylate compound comprising repeating units of Formula 2 below. For example, the second functional layer FL2 may be formed by cross-linking a fluorinated acrylate compound represented by Formula 2 below.

[0085] <Formula 2>

[0086]

[0087] In Equation 2, n can be any one of 6, 8, 10, and 12. For example, n can be any one of 8, 10, and 12. For example, n can be 8.

[0088] In an embodiment, the second functional layer FL2 may further include a crosslinking agent. The crosslinking agent may include acrylamide or vinyl groups.

[0089] In embodiments, the crosslinking agent comprising an acrylamide group may be piperazine diacrylamide, N,N'-ethylenebisacrylamide, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide, N,N'-methylenebismethylacrylamide, N,N',N”-triacryloyldiethylenetriamine, or N,N'-hexamethylenebis(methacrylamide), etc. In embodiments, the crosslinking agent may include N,N',N”-triacryloyldiethylenetriamine represented by Formula 3-1 below. However, the embodiments of this disclosure are not necessarily limited to this.

[0090] <Formula 3-1>

[0091]

[0092] In embodiments, the crosslinking agent comprising vinyl groups may include diallyl adipate, triallyl isocyanurate, triallyl trimellitate, or triallyl citrate, etc. In embodiments, the crosslinking agent may include triallyl trimellitate represented by formula 3-2 below. However, the embodiments of this disclosure are not necessarily limited thereto.

[0093] <Formula 3-2>

[0094]

[0095] In an implementation, the thickness of the second functional layer FL2 (e.g., its length on the third-direction DR3) can be in the range of about 90 nanometers to about 110 nanometers. For example, the thickness of the second functional layer FL2 can be in the range of about 95 nanometers to about 100 nanometers.

[0096] In an embodiment, the first refractive index of the first functional layer FL1 may be greater than the second refractive index of the second functional layer FL2. For example, the first refractive index of the first functional layer FL1 may be in the range of about 1.6 to about 1.9, and the second refractive index of the second functional layer FL2 may be in the range of about 1.3 to about 1.5. For example, the first functional layer FL1 may be referred to as a high refractive index layer, and the second functional layer FL2 may be referred to as a low refractive index layer. The second functional layer FL2, together with the first functional layer FL1, may reduce the reflectivity of the display device DD. Accordingly, the visibility of the display device DD may be increased. In an embodiment, the reflectivity of the protective film PL may be less than or equal to about 1%, for example, less than or equal to about 1% of the total external light incident on the protective film PL.

[0097] No functional layer (such as an anti-fingerprint layer) may be placed on the second functional layer FL2. For example, even without abrasion-resistant treatment such as an anti-fingerprint layer, the second functional layer FL2 can still have high resistance to external scratches.

[0098] In this embodiment, each of the first functional layer FL1 and the second functional layer FL2 may have a single-layer structure. In this embodiment, the protective film PL may have a relatively high elastic strain (e.g., crack strain) compared to a low-reflection structure comprising at least four refractive layers (where first and second refractive layers with different refractive indices are stacked sequentially to reduce the reflectivity of the display device DD). In this embodiment, the elastic strain of the protective film PL may be in the range of about 7% to about 25%. If the elastic strain of the protective film PL is less than about 7%, cracks may appear in the protective film PL during the folding and unfolding operations of the display device DD.

[0099] In this embodiment, the radius of curvature of the protective film PL can be less than or equal to about 2 mm. For example, in this embodiment, the radius of curvature of the protective film PL can be in the range of about 0.5 mm to about 2 mm. Because the protective film PL has this radius of curvature, the foldability of the display device DD can be further increased.

[0100] The effects of this disclosure are described below through specific embodiments and comparative examples.

[0101] Implementation Method 1

[0102] The protective film PL is formed comprising: a base layer BL (thickness: approximately 65 micrometers), comprising polyethylene terephthalate (PET); a hard coating HC (thickness: approximately 5 micrometers), disposed on the base layer BL; a first functional layer FL1 (thickness: approximately 97 nanometers), disposed on the hard coating HC and formed by applying tetrabutyl titanate tetramer using a slot coating method; and a second functional layer FL2 (thickness: approximately 95 nanometers), disposed on the first functional layer FL1 and formed by polymerizing dodecafluoroheptyl acrylate (DFHA) monomer and N,N',N”-triacryloyldiethylenetriamine crosslinking agent. The refractive index of the first functional layer FL1 is approximately 1.63, and the refractive index of the second functional layer FL2 is approximately 1.342. The DFHA monomer is a fluorinated acrylate compound comprising Formula 2 below. In Formula 2, n is 8.

[0103] <Formula 2>

[0104]

[0105] Implementation Method 2

[0106] The protective film PL is formed comprising: a base layer BL (thickness: approximately 65 micrometers), comprising polyethylene terephthalate (PET); a hard coating HC (thickness: approximately 5 micrometers), disposed on the base layer BL; a first functional layer FL1 (thickness: approximately 127 nanometers), disposed on the hard coating HC and formed by applying tetrakis(2-ethylhexyl) titanate using a slot coating method; and a second functional layer FL2 (thickness: approximately 95 nanometers), disposed on the first functional layer FL1 and formed by polymerizing dodecafluoroheptyl acrylate (DFHA) monomer and triallyl trimellitate crosslinking agent. The refractive index of the first functional layer FL1 is approximately 1.81, and the refractive index of the second functional layer FL2 is approximately 1.342. The DFHA monomer is a fluorinated acrylate compound comprising Formula 2. In Formula 2, n is 8.

[0107] Comparative Example 1

[0108] The protective film is formed as follows: a base layer (thickness: about 50 micrometers) comprising polyethylene terephthalate (PET); a hard coating layer (thickness: about 5 micrometers) disposed on the base layer; a first refractive layer (thickness: about 110 nanometers) disposed on the hard coating layer and comprising ZrO2; and a second refractive layer (thickness: about 80 nanometers) disposed on the first refractive layer and comprising SiO.

[0109] Comparative Example 2

[0110] A protective film is formed comprising: a substrate layer (thickness: approximately 50 micrometers) comprising polyethylene terephthalate (PET); a hard coating layer (thickness: approximately 5 micrometers) disposed on the substrate layer; a first refractive layer (thickness: approximately 11 nanometers) disposed on the hard coating layer and comprising Nb2O5; a second refractive layer (thickness: approximately 25 nanometers) disposed on the first refractive layer and comprising SiO2; a third refractive layer (thickness: approximately 105 nanometers) disposed on the second refractive layer and comprising Nb2O5; and a fourth refractive layer (thickness: approximately 68 nanometers) disposed on the third refractive layer and comprising SiO2.

[0111] experiment

[0112] The reflectance with specular reflection component (SCI) and elastic strain of the protective films satisfying Embodiment 1, Embodiment 2, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 2 were measured, and the results are shown in Table 1 below. SCI reflectance was measured using a CM-3700A spectrophotometer from Konica Minolta. Elastic strain was measured as the increase in size of the stretched test sample relative to the initial test sample. The test samples used to measure elastic strain were prepared by laser cutting and had dimensions of 1.0 cm × 10 cm. The stretching speed was 10 mm / min.

[0113] As a result, referring to Table 1 below, the SCI reflectance of the protective film satisfying Comparative Example 1 was measured to be 1.33%. The elastic strain of the protective film satisfying Comparative Example 1 was measured to be 4.5%. The SCI reflectance of the protective film satisfying Comparative Example 2 was measured to be 0.25%. The elastic strain of the protective film satisfying Comparative Example 2 was measured to be 2.0%.

[0114] The SCI reflectance of the protective film PL satisfying Embodiment 1 was measured to be 0.22%. The elastic strain of the protective film PL satisfying Embodiment 1 was measured to be 7.4%. The SCI reflectance of the protective film PL satisfying Embodiment 2 was measured to be 0.41%. The elastic strain of the protective film PL satisfying Embodiment 2 was measured to be 7.5%.

[0115] [Table 1]

[0116] Implementation Method 1 Implementation Method 2 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 SCI reflectance (%) 0.22 0.41 1.33 0.25 Elastic strain (%) 7.4 7.5 4.5 2.0

[0117] As these results show, the protective film PL satisfying Embodiment 1 and the protective film PL satisfying Embodiment 2 can have a reflectivity of less than or equal to about 1% and an elastic strain of greater than or equal to about 7%. For example, the protective film PL according to the embodiments of this disclosure can reduce the reflectivity of the display device DD to increase the visibility of the display device DD and the quality of the image displayed by the display device DD, and can prevent cracks from occurring during the folding and unfolding operations of the display device DD.

[0118] Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 8 , Figure 9 , Figure 10 and Figure 11 A cross-sectional view illustrating a method for manufacturing a display device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. For example, Figures 6 to 11 To explain the manufacturing of the above reference Figures 1 to 5 A cross-sectional view of the method for manufacturing the display device DD. For simplicity of explanation, a digitizer DGT (see [reference]) is manufactured and arranged below the display panel DP. Figure 4 ) and buffer layer CUS (see Figure 4 The description of the method can be omitted.

[0119] refer to Figure 6 The S100 can provide a display panel DP and a window layer WD formed on the display panel DP.

[0120] The display panel DP may include multiple light-emitting elements. Accordingly, the display panel DP may display images, such as at least one still image and / or moving image. A touch component TSM may be disposed on the display panel DP (e.g., directly disposed on a third-party DR3). The touch component TSM can detect user touch. A polarizing layer POL may be disposed on the touch component TSM. For example, in one embodiment, the polarizing layer POL may be bonded to the upper surface of the touch component TSM via a first adhesive layer ADL1. The polarizing layer POL can reduce external light reflection from the display device DD.

[0121] A window layer WD can be disposed on the display panel DP (e.g., on a third-party DR3). For example, the window layer WD can be disposed on the polarization layer POL. For example, in one embodiment, the window layer WD can be bonded to the upper surface of the polarization layer POL via a second adhesive layer ADL2. The window layer WD can cover and protect the display module DM and the polarization layer POL. In one embodiment, a light-blocking layer LBP can be disposed at the edge portion of the window layer WD. The light-blocking layer LBP prevents the drivers, etc., that drive the display panel DP from being seen from the outside (e.g., the external environment).

[0122] refer to Figure 7 In S200, the hard coating HC can be formed on the substrate layer BL (e.g., directly on the third-direction DR3).

[0123] The substrate layer BL may include organic materials. In embodiments, organic materials that can be used as the substrate layer BL may include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyimide (PI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC), or polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), etc. These materials may be used alone or in combination with each other. In embodiments, the thickness of the substrate layer BL (e.g., its length on a third-direction DR3) may range from about 30 micrometers to about 150 micrometers. For example, the thickness of the substrate layer BL may range from about 50 micrometers to about 100 micrometers.

[0124] A hard coating HC can be formed on a substrate layer BL. The hard coating HC may include organic materials. In embodiments, organic materials that can be used as the hard coating HC may include polyimide (PI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polycarbonate (PC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), liquid crystal polymers, or polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), etc. These materials may be used alone or in combination with each other. For example, in embodiments, the thickness of the hard coating HC (e.g., its length on a third-direction DR3) may range from about 3 micrometers to about 10 micrometers.

[0125] refer to Figure 8 In S300, the first functional layer FL1 may be formed on the hard coating HC (e.g., directly formed on the third-party DR3).

[0126] In one embodiment, the first functional layer FL1 may include a metal alkoxide compound. In another embodiment, the metal alkoxide compound may include titanium (Ti). For example, the metal alkoxide compound may include titanium alkoxide oligomers or titanium alkoxide monomers. Titanium alkoxide oligomers may include tetrabutyl titanate tetramers, and titanium alkoxide monomers may include tetratetra(2-ethylhexyl) titanate.

[0127] In this embodiment, the first functional layer FL1 can be formed by methods such as slot coating, spin coating, or inkjet printing. For example, in this embodiment, a composition comprising a metal alkoxide compound can be applied to the hard coating HC by methods such as slot coating, spin coating, or inkjet printing (e.g., applied directly thereon), and the composition can be dried to remove the solvent from the composition. Subsequently, the composition can be cured by irradiation with light (e.g., ultraviolet light) so that the first functional layer FL1 can be formed on the hard coating HC.

[0128] In an embodiment, the thickness of the first functional layer FL1 (e.g., its length on the third-direction DR3) can be in the range of about 90 nanometers to about 150 nanometers. For example, in an embodiment, the thickness of the first functional layer FL1 can be in the range of about 95 nanometers to about 130 nanometers.

[0129] refer to Figure 9 and Figure 10 In S400, the second functional layer FL2 may be formed on the first functional layer FL1 (e.g., directly disposed on the third-direction DR3). In an embodiment, the second functional layer FL2 may be formed using a vacuum deposition apparatus.

[0130] In an embodiment, the vacuum deposition apparatus may include a chamber CB, a support component SP, an ion accelerator IA, a gas supply component GS, a monomer storage component MO, a monomer supply line MSL, and a monomer supply component MS.

[0131] The chamber CB can define the space in which a deposition process is performed. For example, the chamber CB can define the space in which a process is performed to vacuum deposit a second functional layer FL2 onto a first functional layer FL1 (e.g., directly deposited thereon). The chamber CB can be maintained under a vacuum while the deposition process is being performed.

[0132] A support member SP may be disposed within the chamber CB. The support member SP may support the base layer BL, the hard coating HC, and the first functional layer FL1. For example, the base layer BL, the hard coating HC, and the first functional layer FL1 may be mounted on the support member SP. For example, in one embodiment, the support member SP may use electrostatic force to attract the base layer BL, the hard coating HC, and the first functional layer FL1. However, the embodiments of this disclosure are not necessarily limited to this, and in some embodiments, the support member SP may also support the base layer BL, the hard coating HC, and the first functional layer FL1 by mechanical clamping methods. Accordingly, the base layer BL, the hard coating HC, and the first functional layer FL1 may be (e.g., on a third-direction DR3) sequentially stacked on the support member SP.

[0133] The gas supply component GS can supply inert gas into the interior of chamber CB. For example, in embodiments, the inert gas may be helium (He), neon (Ne), or argon (Ar). However, the embodiments of this disclosure are not necessarily limited to this.

[0134] The ion accelerator IA ionizes and accelerates the inert gas supplied inside the chamber CB. The ion accelerator IA can apply a bias voltage to the first functional layer FL1, and the inert gas can move toward the first functional layer FL1.

[0135] Monomer storage component MO, monomer supply line MSL, and monomer supply component MS can supply monomers to the first functional layer FL1. For example, monomers stored in monomer storage component MO can be supplied to the interior of chamber CB via monomer supply line MSL and monomer supply component MS. In an embodiment, the monomer may include a fluorinated acrylate compound. In an embodiment, the monomer may include a fluorinated acrylate compound comprising Formula 2 below.

[0136] <Formula 2>

[0137]

[0138] In Equation 2, n can be any one of 6, 8, 10, and 12. For example, n can be any one of 8, 10, and 12. For example, n can be 8.

[0139] In one embodiment, the vacuum deposition apparatus may further include a crosslinking agent supply component that provides the crosslinking agent into the interior of the chamber CB. In another embodiment, the crosslinking agent may include acrylamide-based or vinyl-based components.

[0140] Fluorinated acrylate compounds can be crosslinked with each other on the first functional layer FL1. For example, in an embodiment, the second functional layer FL2 may comprise a polymer derived from dodecafluoroheptyl acrylate. An inert gas accelerated by an ion accelerator IA can collide with the fluorinated acrylate compounds on the first functional layer FL1. For example, the inert gas accelerated by the ion accelerator IA and the crosslinking agent can promote the crosslinking of the fluorinated acrylate compounds. For example, the inert gas accelerated by the ion accelerator IA and the crosslinking agent can promote the vacuum deposition polymerization of the fluorinated acrylate compounds. The second functional layer FL2 can be formed on the first functional layer FL1 (e.g., directly formed thereon) through the crosslinking of the fluorinated acrylate compounds. Therefore, the second functional layer FL2 can be formed by a vacuum deposition polymerization process. Accordingly, the second functional layer FL2 may comprise a crosslinked structure of the fluorinated acrylate compounds.

[0141] In an embodiment, the thickness of the second functional layer FL2 (e.g., its length on the third-direction DR3) can be in the range of about 90 nanometers to about 110 nanometers. For example, in an embodiment, the thickness of the second functional layer FL2 can be in the range of about 95 nanometers to about 100 nanometers.

[0142] Accordingly, a protective film PL can be formed in which a base layer BL, a hard coating HC, a first functional layer FL1, and a second functional layer FL2 are stacked in sequence. The protective film PL including the first functional layer FL1 and the second functional layer FL2 may have a reflectivity of less than or equal to about 1% and an elastic strain of about 7% to about 25%.

[0143] refer to Figure 11 In S500, the window layer WD and the base layer BL can be bonded together so that the window layer WD and the base layer BL are in direct contact with each other. For example, the protective film PL can be bonded to the upper surface of the window layer WD (e.g., directly bonded to the upper surface of the window layer WD). Accordingly, it is possible to manufacture... Figure 5 The display device DD is explained in the text.

[0144] Figure 12 This is a block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0145] refer to Figure 12 The electronic device 10 according to the embodiment may include a display module 11, a processor 12, a memory 13, and a power module 14. The display device according to the embodiment can be applied to various electronic devices. The electronic device 10 according to the embodiment may include the aforementioned display device, and may further include modules or devices with other additional functions in addition to the display device. Furthermore, the display module 11 may correspond to... Figure 4 and Figure 5 The display module DM. For example, display module 11 may include... Figure 4 and Figure 5 DP display panel.

[0146] In an implementation, the processor 12 may include at least one of a central processing unit (CPU), an application processor (AP), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a communication processor (CP), an image signal processor (ISP), and a controller.

[0147] The memory 13 can store data information required for the operation of the processor 12 or the display module 11. When the processor 12 executes the application program stored in the memory 13, image data signals and / or input control signals can be transmitted to the display module 11, and the display module 11 can process the received signals and output image information through the display screen.

[0148] In an embodiment, the power module 14 may include: a power supply module, such as a power adapter or battery device; and a power conversion module that converts the power supplied by the power supply module to generate the power required for the operation of the electronic device 10. For example, the power module 14 may provide power to a display device according to the above embodiment.

[0149] At least one component of the electronic device 10 described above may be included in the display device according to the above embodiment. Additionally, some independent modules functionally included in one module may be included in the display device, while others may be provided separately from the display device. For example, in an embodiment, the display device may include a display module 11, and the processor 12, memory 13, and power module 14 may be provided in the form of other devices in the electronic device 10 besides the display device.

[0150] Figure 13 This is a schematic diagram of an electronic device according to various embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0151] refer to Figure 13Various electronic devices that utilize the display device according to embodiments of the present disclosure may include: image display electronic devices, such as smartphones 10_1a, tablet computers 10_1b, laptop computers 10_1c, televisions 10_1d, and / or desktop monitors 10_1e; wearable electronic devices including display modules, such as smart glasses 10_2a, head-mounted displays 10_2b, and / or smartwatches 10_2c; and vehicle electronic devices 10_3 including display modules, such as center information displays (CIDs) and / or interior mirror displays that can be installed on the instrument panel, center console, and dashboard of a car.

[0152] This disclosure is applicable to a variety of display devices. For example, embodiments of this disclosure are suitable for various display devices, such as display devices for vehicles, ships, and aircraft, portable communication devices, display devices for exhibitions or information transmission, and medical display devices. However, embodiments of this disclosure are not necessarily limited thereto, and the electronic devices to which the display devices can be applied can be various small, medium, or large electronic devices.

[0153] The foregoing is an illustrative description of certain embodiments of this disclosure and is not to be construed as limiting thereto. Although several non-limiting embodiments have been described with reference to the figures, those skilled in the art will readily recognize that many variations and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of this disclosure.

Claims

1. A display device, comprising: Display panel; displays images. A window layer is arranged on the display panel; as well as A protective film, disposed on the window layer and comprising: The base layer directly contacts the window layer; A hard coating is disposed on the substrate layer; A first functional layer, disposed on the hard coating and comprising a metal alkoxide compound; and The second functional layer is disposed on the first functional layer and includes a cross-linked structure of a fluorinated acrylate compound.

2. The display device of claim 1, wherein the metal alkoxide compound comprises titanium.

3. The display device of claim 2, wherein the metal alkoxide compound comprises tetrabutyl titanate tetramer represented by formula 1-1 or tetra(2-ethylhexyl) titanate represented by formula 1-2; Equation 1-1 Formula 1-2 4. The display device of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the first functional layer is in the range of 90 nanometers to 150 nanometers.

5. The display device of claim 1, wherein the second functional layer comprises a polymer derived from dodecafluoroheptyl acrylate.

6. The display device of claim 1, wherein the second functional layer comprises a cross-linked structure of a fluorinated acrylate compound containing repeating units of formula 2 below. Formula 2 Where n is any one of 6, 8, 10, and 12.

7. The display device of claim 1, wherein the thickness of the second functional layer is in the range of 90 nanometers to 110 nanometers.

8. The display device of claim 1, wherein the first refractive index of the first functional layer is greater than the second refractive index of the second functional layer.

9. A method for manufacturing a display device, the method comprising: A hard coating is formed on the substrate layer; A first functional layer comprising a metal alkoxide compound is formed on the hard coating; A second functional layer comprising a cross-linked structure of fluorinated acrylate compounds is formed on the first functional layer; as well as The window layer is combined with the base layer, wherein the window layer and the base layer are in direct contact with each other, and the window layer is arranged on a display panel displaying the image.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the first functional layer is formed by slot coating, spin coating, or inkjet printing.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein the metal alkoxide compound comprises titanium.

12. The method of claim 9, wherein the second functional layer is formed by a vacuum deposition polymerization process.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the formation of the second functional layer comprises: The base layer, the hard coating layer, and the first functional layer are mounted onto a support member disposed inside the vacuum chamber; The fluorinated acrylate compound and inert gas are supplied to the interior of the vacuum chamber; The inert gas is ionized and accelerated; as well as The second functional layer is formed on the first functional layer by colliding the fluorinated acrylate compound and the inert gas with each other.

14. The method of claim 9, wherein the second functional layer comprises a polymer derived from dodecafluoroheptyl acrylate.

15. The method of claim 9, wherein the second functional layer comprises a crosslinked structure of a fluorinated acrylate compound containing repeating units of formula 2 below. Formula 2 Where n is any one of 6, 8, 10, and 12.

Images