Battery state determination

Abstract

An example system includes a processing circuit configured to determine a measured draw current from a battery of an implantable medical device (IMD) during a first time period during which the IMD is in a first device state. The processing circuit is configured to determine an estimated draw current from a battery of the IMD during a second time period during which the IMD is in a second device state. The processing circuit is configured to determine a battery state of a battery of the IMD based on the measured draw current and the estimated draw current. The processing circuitry is configured to generate, for output, information indicative of a battery state of a battery of the IMD.

Description

[0001] This application claims priority and benefit to U.S. Provisional Application No. 63 / 579,704, filed August 30, 2023, entitled “BATTERY STATUS DETERMINATION,” the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This disclosure relates to batteries for implantable medical devices. Background Technology

[0003] Medical devices can be external or implanted and can be used to monitor patient signals (such as heart activity, bioimpedance) and deliver electrical stimulation therapy to patients via various tissue sites to treat a variety of symptoms or conditions, such as chronic pain, tremor, Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, urinary or fecal incontinence, sexual dysfunction, obesity, or gastroparesis, among others. In some examples, medical devices may include a rechargeable power source or may be powered directly by transmitting energy through tissue. Summary of the Invention

[0004] Generally, this disclosure relates to apparatus, systems, and techniques for determining the state of a power source (such as a battery) in an implantable medical device (IMD). More specifically, this disclosure relates to apparatus, systems, and techniques for determining, using one or more methods, the charge (such as current consumption) used from the battery of the IMD during different device states. This battery consumption can be used by the system to determine or estimate when recharging will be required.

[0005] In the examples described herein, the IMD is configured to deliver treatment during one or more time periods and also to stop treatment. In some examples, during the time periods when the IMD is configured to deliver treatment, a coulomb meter directly measures the current consumption from the power source. In some examples, if treatment is stopped (e.g., between treatment delivery periods), one or more components of the IMD (including the coulomb meter) may be disconnected or partially disconnected from the IMD's power source. This state may be referred to herein as a deep sleep state or a reduced power state. The coulomb meter may be disconnected as part of the device mode to conserve power, but therefore the coulomb meter cannot be used to monitor battery usage. The IMD can therefore be configured to determine the estimated current consumption during the deep sleep state or reduced power state. The IMD may reduce power consumption during the deep sleep state or reduced power state.

[0006] Together with an IMD or other device, the battery status of the IMD can be determined using both measured current consumption from the battery during the period in which the IMD is configured to deliver treatment and estimated current consumption during periods of deep sleep or reduced power states. Battery status can indicate at least one of the following: the amount of remaining charge (e.g., percentage), time before recharging, recharging interval, expected date of battery depletion, or expected date of battery recharging. The IMD can be configured to generate information and / or notifications regarding battery status. Notifications regarding battery status can be provided via a user interface of an external device, from the IMD itself (e.g., a unique stimulation pattern or device vibration), or another suitable method.

[0007] By combining measured and estimated current consumption across different time periods and / or device states, the IMD can provide a relatively accurate determination of battery status while consuming less power for at least a portion of the time. This extends the time between battery recharges and extends battery life. Because the time between battery recharges can be long (e.g., approximately days, months, or years or longer), using both measured and estimated current consumption (or some other value associated with battery usage) provides a relatively accurate estimate of the actual battery status for the device and / or user, facilitating planning for when recharging is needed. Furthermore, because the battery current consumption of the IMD can vary between different patients (e.g., due to different treatment schedules) and / or between different devices, this combination of battery usage techniques for appropriately accurate determination of battery status better informs the user of battery status and facilitates planning for when recharging is needed.

[0008] In one example, a system includes: processing circuitry configured to: determine a measured current consumption from a battery of the implantable medical device (IMD) during a first time period when the IMD is in a first device state; determine an estimated current consumption from a battery of the IMD during a second time period when the IMD is in a second device state; determine a battery state of the IMD's battery based on the measured current consumption and the estimated current consumption; and generate information indicating the battery state of the IMD's battery for output.

[0009] In another example, a method includes: determining, by processing circuitry, a measured current consumption from a battery of the implantable medical device (IMD) during a first time period in a first device state; determining, by processing circuitry, an estimated current consumption from a battery of the IMD during a second time period in a second device state; determining, by processing circuitry, a battery state of the IMD's battery based on the measured current consumption and the estimated current consumption; and generating, by processing circuitry, information indicating the battery state of the IMD's battery for output.

[0010] In another example, a system includes: a treatment generation circuit configured to deliver electrical stimulation therapy via one or more electrodes; and a processing circuit configured to: receive, from a coulomb counter, a measured current consumption from a battery of the implantable medical device (IMD) during a first time period in a first device state; access information indicating characterizing the current consumption from the battery; receive information indicating IMD events during a second time period in a second device state; calculate an estimated current consumption for the second time period based on the information indicating characterizing the current consumption from the battery and based on the information indicating the IMD events; determine a battery state of the IMD's battery based on the measured current consumption and the estimated current consumption; and generate information indicating the battery state of the IMD's battery for output, wherein the information indicating the IMD events includes the duration of the second time period in the second device state of the IMD, as recorded by a timer; and wherein during the second device state, at least the coulomb counter and the treatment generation circuit are disconnected from the battery.

[0011] Details of one or more examples of this disclosure are set forth in the accompanying drawings and description below. Other features, objects, and advantages of this disclosure will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from the claims. Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a conceptual diagram showing a leg with a leadless nerve stimulation device implanted near the tibial nerve.

[0013] Figure 2 It is shown Figure 1 A block diagram of an example component of an implantable medical device.

[0014] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 A block diagram of an example external charging device.

[0015] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A block diagram of an example programmer.

[0016] Figure 5 It is a graph showing the current consumption during various device states of the IMD.

[0017] Figure 6A This is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example user interface related to a battery according to this disclosure.

[0018] Figure 6B This is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example user interface related to a battery according to this disclosure.

[0019] Figure 6C This is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example user interface related to a battery according to this disclosure.

[0020] Figure 6D This is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example user interface related to a battery according to this disclosure.

[0021] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating an example technique for estimating the state of a battery.

[0022] Throughout the specification and drawings, similar reference characters represent similar elements. Detailed Implementation

[0023] This disclosure describes apparatus, systems, and techniques for determining the state of a power source (such as a rechargeable battery) in an implantable medical device (IMD). Some devices may use a component such as a coulomb counter to measure battery usage during operation. The device can then use the output from the coulomb counter to calculate the remaining battery capacity in order to provide an indication of the battery level or potential battery recharge interval. However, relying on measuring battery usage may require the device to, for example, always power the coulomb counter. The device may therefore consume more power than required, or prevent the generation of battery consumption data during low-power modes.

[0024] As described herein, the system can be configured to determine the state of power supply to the IMD using one or more methods, including determining the current drawn from the battery of the IMD, or other indications of battery usage or remaining power. For example, using multiple methods to determine the current drawn from the battery of the IMD can reduce the power used by the IMD while maintaining an appropriate and accurate determination of the remaining charge in the battery. The amount of remaining charge in the battery can be used to determine when the power supply to the IMD needs to be recharged.

[0025] In the examples described herein, the IMD includes a rechargeable power source (e.g., a battery) and is configured to deliver and discontinue treatment during one or more time periods. The IMD can be configured in various ways to achieve a reasonably accurate determination of the power source's state (e.g., battery state) to better inform the user of the power source's status (e.g., how much charge remains, or the remaining usage time in the battery). In some examples, the IMD is configured to measure the current consumed from the power source during a first time period when the IMD is in a first device state (e.g., when the IMD is configured for electrical stimulation therapy). In some examples, the IMD is configured to estimate the current consumed from the power source during a second time period in a second device state (e.g., a deep sleep state). Combinations of measured and estimated current consumption from different time periods and / or different device states can achieve a reasonably accurate determination of the battery state while consuming less power.

[0026] The status of the power source (e.g., battery status) of the IMD can notify the user when the power source (e.g., battery) needs to be recharged. In some examples, the IMD is configured to provide information indicating the status of the power source, which may include an indication of at least one of the following: the amount of remaining charge (e.g., percentage), time before recharging, recharging interval, expected date of battery depletion, or expected date of battery recharging. Appropriate and accurate determination of the battery status better informs the user of the battery status and facilitates planning when recharging is needed.

[0027] Although the devices, systems, and techniques described herein are primarily described in the context of estimating the state (e.g., battery state) of a power source (IMD) with a rechargeable battery for use in a tibial nerve stimulator configured to provide tibial nerve stimulation, the techniques described herein are applicable to other devices configured for other types of therapy. For example, the techniques disclosed herein are applicable to other types of devices configured for invasive or non-invasive neuromodulation for pain relief, muscle activation, and / or other therapeutic benefits. Furthermore, the techniques disclosed herein are not limited to rechargeable power sources but are also applicable to other types of power sources (e.g., non-rechargeable power sources, primary battery cells, etc.).

[0028] Figure 1 This is a conceptual diagram illustrating an exemplary system including an implantable medical device and an external charging device for charging a rechargeable power source. Figure 1 Examples of system 100 include an implantable medical device (IMD) 10, an external computing device 108, a programmer 104 (which may be a patient programmer or a clinician programmer), and a server 112. In other examples, the techniques disclosed herein may be implemented in other battery-powered devices, such as implantable drug pumps.

[0029] External computing device 108 includes one or more charging coils, such as external primary coil 26 or internal primary coil 28. External computing device 108 can be used to program or adjust settings of IMD 10 and can also recharge the electrical energy storage device (such as a battery) of IMD 10. External computing device 108 can also communicate with server 112. In other examples, an external device separate from external computing device 108 (e.g., programmer 104) can communicate with IMD 10 to adjust treatment and / or sensing parameters, download recorded data, or perform other functions.

[0030] Server 112 can be one or more servers located on a local network or in a cloud computing environment. Server 112 can be configured to access a network access point (...). Figure 1(Not shown) Communicates wirelessly with programmer 104, external computing device 108 and / or IMD 10, and may be located in the same place as external computing device 108 and / or programmer 104 or may be located elsewhere, such as in a cloud computing data center.

[0031] Figure 1 The example is a side view of the patient's leg, showing a non-leading nerve stimulation IMD 10 adjacent to the tibial nerve 102 near the ankle. The IMD 10 can be implanted through the patient's skin and subcutaneous fat layer via a small incision 101 above the tibial nerve on the medial side of the ankle. Although the incision 101 is shown as being roughly horizontal to the length of the tibial nerve, other incisions or implantation techniques may be used according to the physician's preference. Figure 1 The examples describe a neurostimulation implantable medical device for tibial nerve stimulation. In other examples, the techniques disclosed herein can be applied to other devices, such as implantable neurostimulation systems for use in spinal cord stimulation therapy and deep brain stimulation, and to other types of medical devices without limitation.

[0032] IMD 10 can be positioned adjacent to the region defined by the flexor digitorum longus and soleus muscles, in which the tibial nerve 102 is contained and implanted adjacent to and close to the fascia layer. One or more electrodes of IMD 10 may be oriented toward the tibial nerve 102. Although not in Figure 1 As shown, however, the IMD 10 can also be connected to one or more electrodes (not shown in the diagram). Figure 1 (as shown in the image) One or more leads.

[0033] The IMD 10 can be constructed from any polymer, metal, or composite material sufficient to house its components. In some examples, the IMD 10 may be constructed with a biocompatible shell, such as titanium or stainless steel, or a polymeric material (such as silicone or polyurethane), and surgically implanted at a site near the patient's tibial nerve. In other examples, the IMD 10 is implanted near the pelvis, abdomen, or hip. The shell of the IMD 10 may be configured to provide an hermetically sealed component, such as a rechargeable power source. Furthermore, the shell of the IMD 10 may be selected from materials that facilitate the reception of energy to charge the rechargeable power source.

[0034] Optional tests can be performed on the IMD 10 to determine whether it is properly positioned near the tibial nerve 102 to elicit a desired response from applied electrical stimulation. In one example, the IMD 10 is controlled by a programmer 104 or an external computing device 108 to deliver test stimuli and to monitor one or more indicative responses, such as simulated toe flexion or tingling in the heel or sole of the foot, other than the medial arch, from tibial motor neurons controlling the flexor hallucis brevis or flexor digitorum brevis muscles. If such tests do not elicit an appropriate motor or sensory response, the clinician or other user can reposition the IMD 10 and repeat the test.

[0035] Once the clinician or other user has determined that the IMD 10 is properly positioned to provide an appropriate patient response to the delivered stimulation therapy, the device housing can be secured in place if necessary. Securing the IMD 10 is optional, as the natural shape of the area where the IMD 10 is implanted and the shape of the IMD 10 itself can be well-compatible with the surrounding tissues, thus preventing displacement or rolling of the IMD 10 after implantation. In some examples, the leadless nerve stimulation IMD 10 may also include one or more suture points to help secure the IMD 10 to the fascia or other parts of the patient. In some examples, such as at the distal end of the IMD 10 housing, a suture anchor may be included.

[0036] During the procedure, an electrical stimulation signal can be transmitted through the fascia between one or more electrodes. This electrical signal can be used to stimulate the tibial nerve 102, which can be used to treat symptoms of overactive bladder (OAB) such as urinary urgency, frequency and / or urge incontinence, fecal incontinence, pain, or other symptoms.

[0037] In some cases, disease, age, and injury can impair a patient's physiological function. In one example, bladder dysfunction such as overactive bladder, urgency, or incontinence is a problem that can affect people of all ages, sexes, and races. Various muscles, nerves, organs, and ducts within the pelvic floor work together to collect, store, and release urine. Multiple disorders can impair urethral function and lead to overactive bladder, urgency, or incontinence, which interfere with normal physiological function. System 100 can help alleviate some symptoms in some patients.

[0038] Urinary incontinence can include urge incontinence and stress incontinence. In some cases, urge incontinence can be caused by dysregulation of the peripheral or central nervous system that controls the bladder's urination reflex. Some patients may also have neurological disorders that impair the normal triggering and operation of the bladder, sphincter muscles, or lead to overactive bladder activity or urge incontinence. In some cases, urinary incontinence can be attributed to abnormal sphincter function in the internal or external urethral sphincter.

[0039] One type of therapy for treating bladder dysfunction involves delivering electrical stimulation to a target tissue site within the patient's body to induce a therapeutic effect during the delivery of the stimulation. For example, delivering electrical stimulation from IMD 10 to a target therapy site (e.g., a tissue site that modulates the activity of branches of the tibial nerve, spinal nerve (e.g., sacral nerve), pudendal nerve, dorsal genital nerve, inferior rectal nerve, perineal nerve, or any of the aforementioned nerves) can provide a therapeutic effect against bladder dysfunction, such as a desired reduction in bladder contraction frequency. In some cases, electrical stimulation of the tibial nerve can modulate afferent nerve activity to restore urinary function.

[0040] Bladder dysfunction generally refers to a condition of abnormal bladder or urethral function and may include, for example, overactive bladder, urinary urgency, or urinary incontinence. Overactive bladder (OAB) is a patient condition that may include symptoms such as urinary urgency, with or without urinary incontinence. Urinary urgency is a sudden, irresistible urge to urinate and is usually (though not always) associated with urinary incontinence. Urinary incontinence is a condition of involuntary leakage of urine and may include urge incontinence, stress incontinence, or a combination of both stress and urge incontinence, which may be referred to as mixed urinary incontinence. As used in this disclosure, the term "urinary incontinence" includes disorders of urination occurring unintentionally, such as stress or urge incontinence. Other bladder dysfunctions may include disorders such as nonobstructive urinary retention.

[0041] In some examples, the techniques described in this disclosure relate to the delivery of neurostimulation therapy in a discontinuous manner that may include on-cycle and off-cycle. For example, an IMD may deliver neurostimulation therapy for a specified duration, followed by a specified duration when the IMD does not deliver neurostimulation (e.g., inhibits the delivery of neurostimulation). The cycle of stimulation delivery during this period (on-cycle) may include on-cycle and off-cycle (e.g., the duty cycle or burst of pulses), wherein there is a short inter-pulse duration when no pulse is delivered. In some examples, the IMD 10 may switch between different operating modes having different power consumption for delivering stimulation and not delivering stimulation in order to save power when no stimulation is delivered.

[0042] The rechargeable power source of IMD 10 may include one or more capacitors, batteries, or other components (e.g., chemical or electrical energy storage devices). Exemplary batteries may include lithium-based batteries, nickel-metal hydride batteries, or other materials. The rechargeable power source can be replenished, refilled, or otherwise enabled to increase the amount of stored energy after it has been depleted. The energy received from the secondary coil 16 may be regulated and / or transformed by the charging circuitry. Then, when the power source is completely or only partially depleted, the charging circuitry may send an electrical signal to charge the rechargeable power source.

[0043] External computing device 108 can be used to recharge a rechargeable power source within an IMD 10 implanted in a patient. External computing device 108 can be a handheld device, a portable device, or a fixed charging system. External computing device 108 may also be referred to as charging device 108 in this disclosure. External computing device 108 may include components necessary for charging the IMD 10 through the patient's tissue. External computing device 108 may include an internal primary coil 28 and an external primary coil 26. In other examples, the external computing device may include only the internal primary coil 28 and omit the use of the external primary coil 26, or only the external primary coil 26 and omit the use of the internal primary coil 28. External computing device 108 may include a housing to enclose operating components such as a processor, memory, user interface, telemetry module, power supply, and charging circuitry configured to transfer energy to a secondary coil 16 via the external primary coil 26 and / or the internal primary coil 28. Although the user can control the recharging process using the user interface of external computing device 108, external computing device 108 may alternatively be controlled by another device, such as programmer 104, the computing device of server 112, such as a tablet computer, laptop computer, or other similar computing device. The second external computing device of server 112 may include a computing device with a touchscreen user interface. In other examples, external computing device 108 may be integrated with an external programmer, such as patient programmer 104 carried by the patient.

[0044] External computing device 108 and IMD 10 can utilize any wireless power transmission technology capable of recharging the power supply of IMD 10 when it is implanted in a patient. In some examples, system 100 can utilize inductive coupling between the internal primary coil 28 and / or external primary coil 26 of external computing device 108 and the secondary coil (e.g., secondary coil 16) of IMD 10. In inductive coupling, internal primary coil 28 is positioned near the implanted IMD 10 such that internal primary coil 28 is aligned with secondary coil 16 of IMD 10. External computing device 108 can then generate current in internal primary coil 28 based on a selected power level for charging the rechargeable power supply of IMD 10. When internal primary coil 28 or external primary coil 26 is aligned with secondary coil 16, the current in internal primary coil 28 or external primary coil 26 can magnetically induce a current in secondary coil 16 within IMD 10. Since the secondary coil 16 is associated with and electrically coupled to the rechargeable power supply, the induced current can be used to increase the voltage or charge level of the rechargeable power supply. Although inductive coupling has been described in general terms herein, any type of wireless power transfer can be used to transfer power between the external computing device 108 and the IMD 10.

[0045] The external primary coil 26 and / or the internal primary coil 28 may include windings (e.g., coils). Figure 1 (Not shown in the image). The coil can be constructed of wire wound in a helical pattern within a plane (e.g., a disc coil). In some examples, such a single-layer or even multi-layer helix of wire can be considered a flexible coil capable of deforming to conform to a non-planar skin surface. The coil may include wires electrically coupling the flexible coil to a power source and a charging module configured to generate current within the coil. The internal primary coil 28 may be located outside the housing of the external computing device 108, such that the internal primary coil 28 can be placed on the patient's skin proximal to the IMD 10. In some examples, the internal primary coil 28 may be disposed on the outside of the housing or even inside the housing.

[0046] The external primary coil 26 and / or internal primary coil 28 of system 100 may include heat dissipation devices. Figure 1 (Not shown in the image). In the example of system 100, external computing device 108 is a power transmission unit, and IMD 10 is a power receiving unit. IMD 10 can be in a flipped or non-flipped position.

[0047] As noted above, the external computing device 108 may also be referred to as a recharger 108. The recharger 108 may include a user interface to receive control input from a user (such as a patient, healthcare professional, or other caregiver). The user interface of the recharger 108 may also provide information to the user. For example, the recharger 108 may include controls configured to receive user input. Figure 1 (Not shown in the image) and a set of indicator lights. In some examples, the indicator lights can be configured to illuminate the controls. The indicator lights can also be configured to output information about the operating status of the external computing device 108, such as communication status and wireless power transmission status.

[0048] The processing circuitry determines whether a communication link has been established between the IMD 10 and the recharger 108, for example, via the communication circuitry. In response to the processing circuitry determining that a communication link has not been established between the recharger 108 and the IMD 10, the processing circuitry can cause a notification to be generated. The recharger 108 can still wirelessly transmit power to the IMD 10, but the notification can indicate that the recharger 108 is operating in an open-loop charging mode.

[0049] The processing circuitry of the recharger 108 can further determine whether the IMD 10 is receiving wireless power. In response to determining that the IMD 10 has good power coupling (such as receiving wireless power above a power threshold), the processing circuitry can cause a notification to be generated.

[0050] The processing circuitry of system 100 (e.g., the processing circuitry of recharger 108, server 112, and / or IMD 10) can calculate any value described herein.

[0051] Figure 2 It is shown Figure 1 A block diagram of example components of a medical device. The implantable medical device (IMD) 210 is described above regarding... Figure 1 An example of IMD 10. In Figure 2 In the example shown, the IMD 210's IMD housing 19 encloses the temperature sensor 39, secondary coil 16, processing circuitry 30, treatment generation and sensing circuitry 34, recharge circuitry 38, memory 32, telemetry circuitry 36, power supply 18, switch 33, coulomb counter 35, state control circuitry 31, timer 41, and in some examples, one or more sensors 37 (such as accelerometers). In other examples, the IMD 210 may include more or fewer components; for example, in some examples, the IMD 210 may not include the temperature sensor 39 or sensor 37. Generally, the IMD 210 may include any suitable hardware arrangement, alone or in combination with software and / or firmware, for performing the various techniques attributed to the IMD 210 and processing circuitry 30 and any equivalents thereof.

[0052] The processing circuitry 30 of IMD 210 may include one or more processors, such as one or more microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or any other equivalent integrated or discrete logic circuitry, and any combination of such components. IMD 210 may include memory 32, such as random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memory, including executable instructions for causing the processing circuitry 30 to perform actions attributable to the circuitry. Furthermore, although the processing circuit 30, the treatment generation and sensing circuit 34, the recharging circuit 38, the telemetry circuit 36, the temperature sensor 39, the state control circuit 31, the coulomb counter 35, the switch 33, and the timer 41 are described as independent modules, in some examples, certain combinations of these components are functionally integrated. In some examples, the processing circuit 30, the treatment generation and sensing circuit 34, the recharging circuit 38, the telemetry circuit 36, the temperature sensor 39, the state control circuit 31, the coulomb counter 35, the switch 33, and the timer 41 correspond to separate hardware units, such as ASICs, DSPs, FPGAs, or other hardware units. In this disclosure, for simplicity, the treatment generation and sensing circuit 34 may be referred to as the treatment generation circuit 34.

[0053] Memory 32 may store treatment programs or other instructions specifying treatment parameter values ​​for treatment provided by treatment generation circuitry 34 and IMD 210. In some examples, memory 32 may also store temperature data from temperature sensor 39, instructions for recharging rechargeable power supply 18, thresholds, instructions for communication between IMD 210 and external computing devices, or any other instructions required to perform tasks attributed to IMD 210. Memory 32 may be configured to store instructions for communicating with and / or controlling one or more temperature sensors, such as temperature sensor 39. In various examples, memory 32 stores information relating to determining the temperature of housing 19 and / or the outer surface of housing 19 of IMD 210 based on the temperature sensed by one or more temperature sensors (such as temperature sensor 39) located within IMD 210.

[0054] For example, memory 32 can store programming settings such as the output amplitude of electrical stimulation therapy, pulse width, etc. Memory 32 can determine whether the sensed bioelectrical signals are effective, such as evoked complex action potentials (ECAPs) or other signals in response to output electrical stimulation therapy events. Memory 32 can store programming instructions that, when executed by processing circuitry 30, cause processing circuitry 30 to cause therapy generation circuitry 34 to deliver electrical stimulation therapy to the patient's target nerves.

[0055] The treatment generation and sensing circuit 34 can generate and deliver electrical stimulation under the control of the processing circuit 30. In some examples, the processing circuit 30 controls the treatment generation circuit 34 by accessing the memory 32 to selectively access and load at least one of the treatment programs (e.g., stimulation programs) into the treatment generation circuit 34. For example, in operation, the processing circuit 30 may access the memory 32 to load one of the treatment programs (e.g., stimulation programs) into the treatment generation circuit 34. In such examples, the relevant stimulation parameters may include voltage amplitude, current amplitude, pulse rate, pulse width, duty cycle, or a combination of electrodes 17A, 17B, 17C, and 17D (collectively, "electrodes 17") that can be used by the treatment generation circuit 34 to deliver electrical stimulation signals and sense biological signals. In other examples, the IMD 210 may have a higher... Figure 2 The examples show four or fewer electrodes. In some examples, electrode 17 may be part of or attached to the housing of the IMD 210 (e.g., a leadless electrode). In other examples, one or more of electrodes 17 may be part of a lead implanted in or attached to a patient to sense biosignals and / or deliver electrical stimulation, as described above. Figure 1 As stated above.

[0056] In some examples, one or more electrodes 17 connected to the treatment generation circuit 34 may be connected to (e.g., attached to the housing of the IMD 210) one or more sensing electrodes. In some examples, electrodes 17 may be configured to detect induced motor responses caused by electrical stimulation therapy events, or other bioelectrical signals such as ECAP, impedance, etc.

[0057] The IMD 210 also includes components for receiving power to recharge the rechargeable power supply 18 when it has been at least partially depleted. For example... Figure 2 As shown, the IMD 210 includes a secondary coil 16 and a recharge circuit 38 coupled to a rechargeable power supply 18. The recharge circuit 38 can be configured to be charged by a processing circuit 30 or an external charging device (e.g., as described above regarding...). Figure 1The external computing device 108 (described herein) determines a selected power level to charge the rechargeable power supply 18. The recharge circuit 38 may include any of a variety of charging and / or control circuits configured to process or convert the current induced in the secondary coil 16 into a charging current to charge the power supply 18.

[0058] The secondary coil 16 may include a wire coil or other device capable of inductively coupling with the primary coil disposed outside the patient. Although the secondary coil 16 is... Figure 2 The circuit is shown as a simple loop, but the secondary coil 16 may include multiple turns of conductive wire. The secondary coil 16 may include a wire winding configured such that a current can be induced from the magnetic field within the secondary coil 16. The induced current can then be used to recharge the rechargeable power supply 18.

[0059] The recharge circuit 38 may include one or more circuits that process, filter, convert, and / or transform the electrical signal induced in the secondary coil into an electrical signal capable of recharging the rechargeable power supply 18. For example, in AC induction, the recharge circuit 38 may include a half-wave rectifier circuit and / or a full-wave rectifier circuit configured to convert the AC power from the induction into DC power for the rechargeable power supply 18. A full-wave rectifier circuit is more efficient in converting the induced energy for the rechargeable power supply 18. However, a half-wave rectifier circuit can be used to store energy in the rechargeable power supply 18 at a slower rate. In some examples, the recharge circuit 38 may include both a full-wave rectifier circuit and a half-wave rectifier circuit, such that the recharge circuit 38 can switch between each circuit to control the charging rate of the rechargeable power supply 18 and the temperature of the IMD 210.

[0060] The rechargeable power supply 18 may include one or more capacitors, batteries, and / or other energy storage devices. The rechargeable power supply 18 delivers operating power to components of the IMD 210. In some examples, the rechargeable power supply 18 may include a power generation circuit for generating operating power. The rechargeable power supply 18 may be configured to operate through a plurality of discharge and recharge cycles. The rechargeable power supply 18 may also be configured to provide operating power to the IMD 210 during a recharge process. In some examples, the rechargeable power supply 18 may be constructed using materials that reduce the amount of heat generated during charging. In other examples, the IMD 210 may be constructed of materials and / or using structures that help dissipate heat generated at the rechargeable power supply 18, the recharge circuit 38, and / or the secondary coil 16 over a large surface area of ​​the IMD 210 housing. In some examples, the power supply 18 includes a non-rechargeable power supply.

[0061] Although the rechargeable power supply 18, recharge circuit 38, and secondary coil 16 are shown as being contained within the housing of IMD 210, in alternative embodiments, at least one of these components may be disposed outside the housing. For example, in some embodiments, the secondary coil 16 may be disposed outside the housing of IMD 210 to facilitate better coupling between the secondary coil 16 and the primary coil of an external charging device. In other examples, the power supply 18 may be an active power battery cell, and IMD 210 may not include the recharge circuit 38 and secondary coil 16.

[0062] The processing circuit 30 can also use the telemetry circuit 36 ​​to control information exchange with an external computing device. The telemetry circuit 36 ​​can be configured to perform wireless communication using radio frequency (RF) protocols such as Bluetooth (including Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)) or similar RF protocols, and using inductive communication protocols. The telemetry circuit 36 ​​may include components configured to communicate with an external charging device (e.g., Figure 1 One or more antennas communicate with the external computing device 108. The processing circuitry 30 can transmit operational information and receive therapeutic procedures or therapeutic parameter adjustments via the telemetry circuitry 36. Furthermore, in some examples, the IMD 210 can communicate with other implanted devices such as stimulators, control devices, or sensors via the telemetry circuitry 36. Additionally, the telemetry circuitry 36 can be configured to control the exchange of information related to sensed and / or determined temperature data (e.g., temperature sensed using temperature sensor 39 and / or temperature determined based on the temperature sensed using temperature sensor 39). In some examples, the telemetry circuitry 36 can communicate using inductive communication, and in other examples, the telemetry circuitry 36 can communicate using an RF frequency separate from the frequency used for inductive charging.

[0063] In some examples, processing circuitry 30 may transmit additional information relating to the operation of rechargeable power supply 18 to an external charging device via control of telemetry circuitry 36. For example, processing circuitry 30 may control telemetry circuitry 36 to transmit indications such as: rechargeable power supply 18 is fully charged, rechargeable power supply 18 is fully discharged, the amount of charging current output by recharging circuitry 38, for example, to power supply 18, or any other charging state of rechargeable power supply 18. In some examples, processing circuitry 30 may use telemetry circuitry 36 to transmit instructions to the external charging device, including instructions for further control of the charging session, such as instructions to reduce the power level or terminate the charging session based on a determined temperature of IMD housing 19.

[0064] The processing circuit 30 can also transmit information to an external charging device indicating any problems or errors in the rechargeable power supply 18 that could prevent it from providing operating power to the components of the IMD 210. In various examples, the processing circuit 30 may receive instructions (including formulas and / or constant values ​​used in the formulas) for algorithms via the telemetry circuit 36, which can be used to determine the temperature of the housing 19 and / or the outer surface of the housing 19 of the IMD 210 based on the temperature sensed by the temperature sensor 39 located within the IMD 210 during and after a recharging session performed on the rechargeable power supply 18.

[0065] IMD 210 also includes components for determining the state of power source 18. For example, in an example where power source 18 includes a battery, IMD 210 may include components for determining (e.g., measuring, estimating, receiving, etc.) information related to battery state or battery charge or activity (e.g., the amount of current drawn from the battery, the amount of remaining charge in the battery, etc.). The components of IMD 210 for determining information related to battery state include coulomb counter 35, switch 33, timer 41, and state control circuitry 31. Coulomb counter 35, switch 33, timer 41, and state control circuitry 31 may be used individually and / or in combination with other components of IMD 210, including processing circuitry 30.

[0066] In some examples, IMD 210 is configured to transition between different operating states. For example, processing circuitry 30 and / or state control circuitry 31 are configured to cause IMD 210 to transition between different operating states in which different components of IMD 210 are energized and operable. In a first device state (e.g., a treatment state or an operating state) and / or during a first time period, IMD 210 may be configured to deliver electrical stimulation therapy. Specifically, in the first device state, IMD 210 may actually be delivering therapy, or the components required by IMD 210 to deliver therapy may be receiving power but not actually delivering therapy (e.g., device "standby" state). In a second device state, therapy is suspended or otherwise not scheduled, and IMD 210 may disconnect or partially disconnect one or more components from power supply 18, or otherwise be in a state consuming less power (e.g., a deep sleep state, a reduced power state, etc.). Processing circuitry 30 and / or state control circuitry 31 may also be configured to determine whether IMD 210 is in a given operating state. For example, the processing circuit 30 and / or the state control circuit 31 are configured to perform certain functions depending on whether the IMD 210 is in a specific operating state (e.g., a first device state or a second device state).

[0067] In some examples, IMD 210 uses a combination of one or more methods or components to determine the state of power supply 18 during different operating states. Using multiple methods to determine the state of power supply 18 can optimize power losses from power supply 18 while still maintaining reliable determination of the state of power supply 18.

[0068] In some examples, the coulomb counter 35 is configured to measure the current consumed from the power source 18 (e.g., a battery) of the IMD 210. The coulomb counter 35 may be configured to measure the current consumed during at least a first time period while the IMD is in a first device state (e.g., when the IMD is delivering electrical stimulation therapy via electrode 17 or is at least “energized” and configured to deliver electrical stimulation therapy, such as in the aforementioned “standby” state). In some examples, the coulomb counter 35 measures the current consumed directly from the power source 18 (e.g., a battery) of the IMD 210 during the first time period. The coulomb counter 35 may output a real-time current measurement result, which the processing circuit 30 uses to calculate the cumulative current used during this time period, which may be part of or equal to the first time period. In other examples, the coulomb counter 35 may output an average current and / or cumulative current over a time period to the processing circuit 30 to determine the current consumed during the first time period. Because the coulomb counter 35 directly measures the current consumed from the power source 18 (e.g., a battery), the measured current can be more accurate compared to other methods of determining the current consumption (e.g., methods involving indirect measurement and / or estimation of the current consumption). The processing circuitry 30 can be configured to receive the measured current consumption or indicate one or more values ​​of the measured current consumption from the coulomb counter 35.

[0069] In some examples, the IMD 210 is configured to deliver electrical stimulation therapy according to one or more treatment procedures (e.g., stimulation procedures). In some examples, the treatment procedures include unique treatment parameters (e.g., duration, amplitude, frequency, and / or pulse width) for each treatment procedure. In some examples where the IMD 210 delivers electrical stimulation at different times using more than one treatment procedure (e.g., at least a first treatment procedure and a second treatment procedure), the processing circuitry 30 is configured to receive and / or store values ​​associated with the current consumption of multiple instances of treatment delivery, wherein each instance of treatment delivery may be associated with a different treatment procedure (e.g., at least a first treatment procedure and a second treatment procedure).

[0070] In some examples, processing circuitry 30 is configured to determine the current consumption from power supply 18 by using, or at least partially using, one or more stored values ​​(e.g., via a lookup table). For example, processing circuitry 30 may be configured to access (via memory 32, programmer 104, or server 112, etc.) one or more stored values ​​relating to or indicating the measured current consumption during at least a first time period when the IMD is in a first device state (e.g., when the IMD is delivering electrical stimulation therapy via electrode 17 or is at least “energized” and configured to deliver electrical stimulation therapy, such as the aforementioned “standby” state). In some examples, stored values ​​relating to or indicating the measured current consumption may enable IMD 210 to confirm or supplement the current consumption measured via coulomb counter 35 via processing circuitry 30. A hybrid approach may include using the measured current consumption value in conjunction with stored values. The value used to determine the current consumption of the IMD 210 during a first time period in the first device state may include one or more of the following parameters: stimulation amplitude, duration, pulse width, and / or other relevant parameters. In this way, the processing circuitry 30 may be configured to calculate the current consumption of the IMD 210 during the first device state using measured current consumption at certain times and / or known stimulation output and stored values.

[0071] As another example, IMD 210 may additionally or alternatively employ a more energy-efficient method to estimate the battery state during a second period of time when IMD 210 is in a second device state (e.g., a deep sleep state). In some examples, high-power circuitry or components of IMD 210 may be disconnected from the power supply during the second device state, which may include one or more of a deep sleep state or a reduced-power state. For example, state control circuitry 31 may be configured to disconnect coulomb counter 35 from power supply 18 (e.g., a battery) via switch 33 (e.g., a circuit switch). In some examples, state control circuitry 31 may disconnect coulomb counter 35 from power supply 18 by opening switch 33. In this way, IMD 210 may be able to save power during the second device state because certain electronic components (including coulomb counter 35) are disconnected from power supply 18. However, disconnecting coulomb counter 35 from power supply 18 also prevents coulomb counter 35 from directly measuring the current consumption during the second device state (e.g., a deep sleep state). In some examples, it should be noted that the coulomb counter 35 may be connected to measure the current consumed from the power supply 18 during at least a portion of the second device state (e.g., deep sleep state). The processing circuit 30 may control the state control circuit 31 to operate the switch 33, or in other examples, the processing circuit 30 may directly control the switch 33.

[0072] In some examples, one or more components of IMD 210 (e.g., processing circuitry 30, individually or in combination with other components) may be configured to estimate the current consumption of power source 18 (e.g., battery) from IMD 210 during a second time period during a second device state. As discussed above, this second time period may include a period where coulomb counter 35 is disconnected and unavailable to measure the current consumption from power source 18. For example, in the absence of coulomb counter 35 measuring the current consumption from power source 18, one or more techniques may be used to estimate the current consumption from power source 18. In some examples, processing circuitry 30 may be configured individually or in combination with other components to determine (e.g., calculate) the estimated current consumption based at least on information indicating characterizing the current consumption and information indicating events of IMD 210. The information indicating characterizing the current consumption and the information indicating events of IMD 210 enable IMD 210 to estimate (e.g., via calculation) the current consumption from power source 18 (e.g., battery) during a second device state (e.g., deep sleep state). For example, the information indicating the current consumption includes the amount of current consumed per unit time (e.g., amperes per hour), allowing processing circuitry 30 to determine the current consumption during the second device state (e.g., deep sleep state) based on the amount of time spent in the second device state and other indications of the expected or estimated current consumption or battery usage. In some examples, processing circuitry 30 accesses the information indicating the current consumption from memory 32, programmer 104, server 112, or another suitable component. Processing circuitry 30 may be configured to receive information indicating an IMD 210 event from timer 41. To determine the estimated current consumption during the second device state, processing circuitry 30 may be configured to access a lookup table, wherein the lookup table at least associates the information indicating the IMD 210 event with information indicating the current consumption from power supply 18.

[0073] In some examples, the information indicating the characterization current consumption used to estimate the state of power supply 18 includes one or more stored values ​​(e.g., stored in memory 32 or available via a lookup table). For example, the characterization current consumption of IMD 210 during a second device state (e.g., deep sleep) may be determined before the IMD is implanted in the patient (e.g., during manufacturing) and stored for later use and / or retrieval. The characterization current consumption may indicate the amount of current consumed per time period when IMD 210 is in the second device state (e.g., deep sleep). In some examples, the characterization current consumption during the second device state (e.g., deep sleep) is not device-specific. For example, for a given model of stimulator, the characterization current consumption may be the same value and / or calculated (e.g., average or mean), and is not otherwise tested for a given device. The information indicating the characterization current consumption may include information from multiple devices (e.g., multiple implanted devices in multiple different patients). In other examples, the characterization current consumption during the second device state (e.g., deep sleep) includes at least some device-specific components. For example, the current consumption during a second device state (e.g., deep sleep) is measured for each device to be used at least partially as a characterization of the current consumption. As another example, the current consumption during a second device state (e.g., deep sleep) is measured for a given device prior to implantation to be used at least partially as a characterization of the current consumption for a group and / or batch of devices. In some examples, the characterization of the current consumption parameter is not updated (e.g., not updated after implantation in the patient). However, in other examples, the characterization of the current consumption may be updated (e.g., based on user input or dynamically). For example, the calculation of the estimated current consumption based on the characterization of the current consumption during the second device state (e.g., deep sleep) may be dynamically changed based on actual measurements of voltage and / or current to power supply 18. In some examples, if the total capacity of power supply 18 varies over time, the calculation of the estimated current consumption based on the characterization of the current consumption may dynamically change according to the total capacity of power supply 18.

[0074] In some examples, timer 41 is configured to provide information indicating events of IMD 210, which may facilitate and / or enable the determination of estimated current consumption during a second device state (e.g., a deep sleep state). In some examples, timer 41 includes a real-time clock. In examples where timer 41 includes a real-time clock, timer 41 may be configured to provide processing circuitry 30, and processing circuitry 30 may be configured to receive one or more timestamps. The one or more timestamps may indicate when IMD 210 transitions between device states (e.g., between a first device state and a second device state). Additionally or alternatively, timer 41 includes an oscillator, wherein timer 41 may be configured to provide processing circuitry 30 with the number of oscillations (e.g., a count). Processing circuitry 30 may be configured to receive the number of oscillations from timer 41 and calculate a time period based on the number of oscillations. In some examples, timer 41 includes an oscillator and a counter, wherein timer 41 is configured to calculate one or more durations based on the number of oscillations counted by the counter.

[0075] Timer 41 may be powered on and operational at least during the second device state (e.g., deep sleep state), but may also remain operational during the first device state (e.g., when IMD 210 is configured to deliver treatment). In some examples, timer 41 records the duration for which IMD 210 is in the second device state (e.g., deep sleep state). Additionally or alternatively, timer 41 records when IMD 210 transitions between the first device state (e.g., when IMD 210 is configured to deliver treatment) and the second device state (e.g., deep sleep state) and vice versa. For example, timer 41 records one or more timestamps of IMD 210 entering or exiting at least one of the second device states. In this way, timer 41 may provide processors such as processing circuitry 30 with timestamps of when IMD 210 transitions between the first device state (e.g., when IMD 210 is configured to deliver treatment) and the second device state (e.g., deep sleep state), which may enable processing circuitry 30 to determine (e.g., calculate) the duration spent in the first device state or the second device state.

[0076] Despite Figure 2 In the example, timer 41 provides information indicating events of IMD 210, but another suitable component can provide information indicating events of IMD 210. For example, an external device of IMD 210 (e.g., Figure 1The external computing device 108, programmer 104, and / or server 112 can record information indicating events of the IMD 210. For example, the external computing device 108, programmer 104, and / or server 112 record the duration for which the IMD 210 is in a second device state (e.g., deep sleep state). Figure 1 The external computing device 108, programmer 104 and / or server 112) can be configured to send information indicating events of IMD 210 to IMD 210.

[0077] As a supplement or alternative to the methods described above for determining the current consumption and / or state of power source 18, IMD 210 may be configured via processing circuitry 30 to measure the voltage of power source 18 (e.g., battery) as part of determining battery state or battery usage. For example, to determine an estimated current consumption from power source 18 (in addition to or as an alternative to the methods described above), processing circuitry 30 may be configured to measure the voltage of power source 18 during at least one of a first device state (e.g., when IMD 210 is configured to deliver treatment) and a second device state (e.g., deep sleep). The measured voltage may be an alternative to or supplement any of the methods described above for determining the state of power source 18. For example, IMD 210 may be configured via processing circuitry 30 to measure the voltage of power source 18 (e.g., battery) during transitions (or vice versa) between a first device state (e.g., when IMD 210 is configured to deliver treatment) and a second device state (e.g., deep sleep). In some examples, IMD 210 may use only the measured voltage to determine the current consumption from power source 18 and / or the state of power source 18 during the beginning of the battery and / or device life and / or the end of the battery and / or device life (e.g., where the voltage curve is not flat).

[0078] While this disclosure primarily describes IMD 210 as operating in at least one of a first device state (e.g., when IMD 210 is configured to deliver treatment) and a second device state (e.g., a deep sleep state), it should be understood that IMD 210 may be configured to operate in additional and / or alternative device states. In some examples, IMD 210 includes multiple device states in which IMD 210 is configured to deliver treatment (e.g., a first device state in which IMD 210 is configured to deliver treatment according to a first treatment procedure, and a third device state in which IMD 210 is configured to deliver treatment according to a second treatment procedure different from the first treatment procedure). Processing circuitry 30 may be configured to determine the current consumption from power supply 18 and / or the state of power supply 18 for any or all of the operating states of IMD 210 (e.g., it may include one, two, three, four, five or more device states, each of which may include an associated time period). In some examples, processing circuitry 30 is configured to determine measured current consumption from power supply 18 for a first instance (e.g., a first time period) and a second instance (e.g., a second time period) of treatment delivery, wherein the first instance of treatment delivery is associated with a first treatment procedure (e.g., a first treatment program) having a first set of treatment parameters, and the second instance of treatment delivery is associated with a second set of treatment parameters (e.g., a second treatment program) different from the second set of treatment parameters. In some examples, the second instance of treatment delivery may be associated with a third time period, wherein the second time period is associated with a relatively low-power device state (e.g., a deep sleep state as discussed in this disclosure). In some examples, processing circuitry 30 is configured to determine aggregated measured current consumption based at least on the first measured current consumption associated with treatment delivery according to the first treatment procedure (e.g., the first set of treatment parameters) and the second measured current consumption associated with treatment delivery according to the second treatment procedure (e.g., a second set of treatment parameters different from the first set of treatment parameters). Furthermore, processing circuitry 30 may be configured to determine the measured current consumption of any number of treatment delivery instances associated with a unique set of treatment parameters (e.g., a unique treatment program).

[0079] In some examples, state control circuitry 31 is configured to remove or block power normally supplied by power source 18 from various components of IMD 210. In some examples, processing circuitry 30 is configured to determine whether IMD 210 is in a first device state (e.g., when IMD 210 is configured to deliver treatment) or a second device state (e.g., deep sleep state), and vice versa. In response to determining that IMD 210 is in a first device state and / or a second device state, IMD 210 may be configured via processing circuitry 30 to cause state control circuitry 31 and / or switch 33 to operate. For example, state control circuitry 31 may be configured to remove and / or partially remove power from one or more of processing circuitry 30, treatment generation and sensing circuitry 34 and / or coulomb counter 35, and other components of IMD 210 when IMD 210 transitions to and / or is in a second device state (e.g., deep sleep state). State control circuitry 31 may also be configured to restore power to such components upon exiting the second device state. Switch 33 can be configured to prevent power from power source 18 from supplying power to components of IMD 210 (e.g., processing circuitry 30, therapy generation and sensing circuitry 34, and / or coulomb counter 35, and other components of IMD 210) when IMD 210 transitions to and / or is in a second device state (e.g., deep sleep state). For example, during the second device state, state control circuitry 31 and / or processing circuitry 30 can control switch 33 to open, such that at least coulomb counter 35 and / or therapy generation circuitry 34 are disconnected from power source 18 (e.g., battery). Although in Figure 2 The example is not shown, but the coulomb counter 35 may be located between the power supply 18 and any electrical components capable of operating in the first device state, or otherwise measure the current flowing to these electrical components.

[0080] IMD 210 may be configured via processing circuitry 30 to determine the state of power supply 18 (e.g., battery state in an example where power supply 18 includes at least a battery). The determination of the state of power supply 18 (e.g., battery state) may be based on measured and estimated current consumption of the IMD's battery during different corresponding time periods. For example, processing circuitry 30 is configured to determine the current consumption from power supply 18 based on and / or including the aggregation of measured current consumption from power supply 18 during at least a first device state (e.g., when IMD 210 is configured to deliver treatment) and estimated current consumption during a second device state (e.g., deep sleep state). Processing circuitry 30 may be configured to continuously or periodically (e.g., periodically) determine or update the state of power supply 18. For example, processing circuitry 30 may be configured to automatically update (e.g., without user prompting) the state of power supply 18 (e.g., battery state) in response to IMD 210 exiting a second device state (e.g., deep sleep state). Processing circuitry 30 may be configured not to update the state of power supply 18 while in a second device state. In this way, because a small amount of charge may be lost during the second device state (e.g., deep sleep), the IMD 210 can further save power by not directly measuring the state of the power supply 18 (e.g., via a coulomb meter) while in the second device state. The determined state of the power supply 18 can be provided to the user (e.g., a patient or clinician). Because the time between battery recharges can be long (e.g., approximately days, months, or years or longer), a proper and accurate determination of the battery state better informs the user of the battery status and facilitates planning when recharging is needed.

[0081] The processing circuitry 30 may also be configured to determine the state of the power supply 18 based at least in part on recharge session information and / or generate information indicating the state of the power supply 18. A recharge session may include the power supply 18 being connected to a recharge device (e.g., ...). Figure 3 The processing circuit 30 may be configured to update the state of the power supply 18 based on information related to the recharging session (e.g., the amount of time spent in the recharging session or the amount of charge gained during the recharging session). In some examples, the processing circuit 30 is configured to update the state of the power supply 18 at least in part based on the amount of time spent in the recharging session and / or the amount of charge gained during the recharging session. For example, after a recharging session, the estimated charge depletion date or the next recharging date may be updated to a more distant future date. The memory 32 may be configured to store information related to the recharging session (e.g., the amount of time spent in the recharging session or the amount of charge gained during the recharging session). Additionally or alternatively, information related to the recharging session may be stored in another external device (e.g., such as an external charging device 208) and / or otherwise recharge the power supply 18. Figure 1In the external computing device 108, programmer 104 or server 112 shown.

[0082] In some examples, IMD 210 can be configured via processing circuitry 30 to perform diagnostic operations related to power supply 18. For example, processing circuitry 30 can compare a determined state of power supply 18 (e.g., current consumption from the battery, remaining charge in the battery, etc.) with expected values ​​(e.g., a threshold and / or another value). Diagnostic operations including comparing the determined state of power supply 18 with expected values ​​can indicate and / or confirm the accuracy of the determination of the determined state of power supply 18. In some examples, diagnostic operations can indicate and / or confirm the accuracy of estimated current consumption from power supply 18 (e.g., battery) of IMD 210 during a second time period during a second device state, which may include one or more of a deep sleep state or a reduced power state. IMD 210 can perform diagnostic operations as IMD 210 transitions between a first device state (e.g., when IMD 210 is configured to deliver treatment) and a second device state (e.g., a deep sleep state) (or vice versa). IMD 210 can be configured to (e.g., in an event log) store information related to diagnostic operations (e.g., diagnostic information). IMD 210 can be configured to provide alerts, notifications, and / or other stored information related to diagnostic operations (e.g., via the event log).

[0083] IMD 210 may be configured via processing circuitry 30 to generate information indicating the state of power supply 18 (e.g., battery state in an example where power supply 18 includes at least a battery) for output. The information indicating the state of power supply 18 (e.g., battery state) may include indications of at least one of the following: the amount of remaining charge (e.g., percentage), time before recharging, recharging interval, date of charge depletion, expected date of battery depletion, and expected date of battery recharging. In some examples, IMD 210 may be configured via processing circuitry 30 to generate information indicating the state of power supply 18 at predetermined events (e.g., battery percentage thresholds for remaining charge, such as 20%, 10%, etc.) for output. The information indicating the state of power supply 18 may be updated periodically, after one or more events (e.g., the start or end of a recharging session, treatment session, etc.), or automatically when IMD 210 is queried via an external device (e.g., programmer 104, external computing device 108, or server 112).

[0084] Information indicating the state of power source 18 (e.g., battery state) can be generated from a model using one or more inputs. For example, processing circuitry 30 can predict or estimate recharge intervals based on the model. In some examples, the information indicating the state of power source 18 is combined with information about past use or predicted future use of IMD 210. For example, IMD 210 can be configured to access one or more treatment schedules or other predicted future use to determine (e.g., estimate or predict) the state of power source 18. In this way, IMD 210 can also use past current consumption (e.g., measured or estimated) and expected future current consumption (e.g., from treatment schedules) to indicate the time before recharge, recharge interval, date of charge depletion, expected date of battery depletion, or expected date when battery recharge is required. As previously discussed, IMD 210 can be configured to generate information indicating the state of power source 18 using recharge session information (e.g., the amount of time spent in a recharge session or the amount of charge gained during a recharge session).

[0085] In some examples, notifications regarding the state of power source 18 can inform the user of information indicating the state of power source 18 (e.g., battery status). For example, processing circuitry 30 can be configured to generate a notification when the charge of power source 18 drops below a predefined threshold, or when another user-defined event has occurred. For instance, the user can specify a time threshold since the last recharge session, causing processing circuitry 30 to provide a notification or prompt to recharge power source 18 after that time threshold has elapsed. Similarly, the user can specify a maximum recharge time, causing processing circuitry 30 to provide a recharge notification or prompt when the time required to recharge power source 18 reaches the user-specified maximum recharge time.

[0086] In some examples, processing circuitry 30 is configured to generate one or more of the following: visual, audio, haptic, touch-sensitive feedback, or related notifications regarding the state of power supply 18. Processing circuitry 30 may be configured to communicate via programmer 104 or external computing device 108 (e.g., via user interface 54 of external charging device 208 or via user interface 86 of programmer 204, respectively). Figure 3 and Figure 4(As shown in the diagram) The output provides notifications or information about the status of power source 18. In some examples, the notifications or information about the status of power source 18 include an estimated charge depletion date and / or the amount of time remaining before the charge level of power source 18 is depleted and / or consumed below the level required for normal operation of IMD 210. In some examples, the notifications or information about the status of power source 18 include one or more prompts (e.g., one-time or intermittent) to the user to recharge power source 18. Processing circuitry 30 may be configured to provide tactile feedback notifications (e.g., vibration) via IMD 210 when the IMD is implanted in a patient to alert the patient to the status of power source 18. For example, processing circuitry 30 may be configured to cause IMD 210 to vibrate in a predetermined pulse pattern to alert the patient to low charge levels, prompt recharging, or provide other information related to the status of power source 18 (e.g., battery). IMD 210 may vibrate before or after a stimulation session, or periodically (e.g., daily) to provide notifications related to the status of power source 18. Processing circuitry 30 may be configured to cause IMD 210 to output stimulus-based notifications (e.g., via a unique stimulus profile of electrode 17 or at a subcutaneous pouch in the housing of IMD 210) to alert a patient to the state of power supply 18. For example, processing circuitry 30 may be configured to cause IMD 210 to generate unique, predetermined stimulus patterns to alert a patient to low charge levels, prompt for recharging, or provide additional information relating to the state of power supply 18 (e.g., a battery). In some examples, processing circuitry 30 may be configured to alert a patient, clinician, or other user to the state of power supply 18 via programmer 104 (in an example where programmer 104 includes a clinician programmer), via external computing device 108, via server 112, and / or via another suitable method. Visual alerts may include illumination of a light source (e.g., a light-emitting diode (LED)) on IMD 210 to provide notification of the state of power supply 18. Alerts to patients, clinicians, or other users regarding the status of power supply 18 may additionally or alternatively include one or more of the following: text messages, automated telephone calls, emails, or notifications via mobile device applications.

[0087] In examples of using stimulus-based notifications (e.g., unique stimulus patterns) to inform a user of the status of power supply 18, one or more parameters may be configured by the clinician and / or patient. Unique stimulus patterns may include intervals of stimulation, increasing or decreasing pulse rates, or varying stimulus amplitudes. As an example, processing circuitry 30 may be configured to cause IMD 210 to provide the following stimulus pattern after a scheduled treatment session has been delivered: 1 second on, 2 seconds off, then 1 second on, 1 second off, then 1 second on, 0.5 seconds off, followed by a gradual decrease. Patients may be trained to recognize unique stimulus patterns, or another information source (e.g., device label or user interface) may notify the patient of unique stimulus patterns (e.g., such as for recharging power supply 18). In some examples, clinicians and / or patients set a perception threshold for recharging reminders. In some examples, clinicians and / or patients may choose whether and / or when to provide stimulus-based notifications. For example, clinicians and / or patients may set stimulus-based notifications to occur before or after a stimulation session or at another time. As another example, clinicians and / or patients can schedule stimulus-based notifications to occur on a unique schedule. In addition to informing the user of the status of power supply 18, the unique stimulus-based notifications can be used to alert the patient to perform another task (e.g., turn on the device app, check the status of IMD 210, recharge power supply 18, etc.).

[0088] Figure 3 for Figure 1 A block diagram of an example of an external computing device. Figure 3 The external charging device 208 is the one mentioned above. Figure 1 Examples of described external computing devices 108. In some examples, the external charging device 208 may be described as a handheld device; in other examples, the external charging device 208 may be a larger or non-portable device. Furthermore, in other examples, the external charging device 208 may be included as part of an external programmer or include the functionality of an external programmer. Figure 3 As shown in the example, the external charging device 208 includes a housing 24 connected to a charging head 226. The housing 24 encapsulates components such as a main processing circuit 50, a memory 52, a user interface 54, a telemetry circuit 56, controls 62, one or more sets of indicator lights 64, an audio output circuit 70, a haptic output circuit 72, and a power supply 60. The charging head 226 may include a charging circuit 58, a temperature sensor 59, and an external primary coil 48. The charging head 226 and / or the external primary coil 48 may be, for example, a charging circuit 58, a temperature sensor 59, and an external primary coil 48. Figure 1 An example of the external primary coil 26 is shown. The housing 24 is electrically coupled to the charging head 226 via a cable. The housing 24 may also include a charging circuit 68 and an internal primary coil 228, which is described above regarding... Figure 1 An example of the described internal primary coil 28.

[0089] In some examples, the separate charging head 226 facilitates the positioning of the external primary coil 48 on the IMD 10 (e.g., Figure 1 (as shown) or IMD 210 (as shown) Figure 2 The external charging device 208 is located on the secondary coil 16 (shown). In some examples, the charging circuit 68 and / or the internal primary coil 228 may be integrated within the housing 24. In other examples, the external charging device 208 may not include the charging head 226. Throughout this disclosure, the memory 52 may store instructions that, when executed by the main processing circuit 50, enable the main processing circuit 50 and the external charging device 208 to provide functionality and / or any equivalents thereof attributable to the external charging device 208. The external primary coil 48 and the internal primary coil 228 may also be referred to as antennas. In some examples, the external charging device 208 may include a secondary processing circuit 40 that controls the telemetry circuit 56 and performs other functions. Some other functions may include error checking of the operation of the main processing circuit 50.

[0090] The external charging device 208 may also include one or more temperature sensors (shown as temperature sensor 59) within the charging head 226, similar to Figure 2 Temperature sensor 39. (e.g.) Figure 3 As shown, temperature sensor 59 may be disposed within charging head 226. In other examples, one or more temperature sensors of temperature sensor 59 may be disposed within housing 24. For example, charging head 226 may include one or more temperature sensors positioned and configured to sense the temperature of the external primary coil 48 and / or the surface of the housing of charging head 226. In some examples, external charging device 208 may not include temperature sensor 59.

[0091] Generally, the external charging device 208 includes any suitable hardware arrangement that, individually or in combination with software and / or firmware, executes the technology belonging to the external charging device 208 and its main processing circuitry 50, user interface 54, telemetry circuitry 56, and charging circuitry 68 and / or any equivalent thereof. In various examples, the external charging device 208 may include one or more processors, such as one or more microprocessors, DSPs, ASICs, FPGAs, or any other equivalent integrated or discrete logic circuits, and any combination of such components. In various examples, the external charging device 208 may also include a memory 52, such as RAM, ROM, PROM, EPROM, EEPROM, flash memory, hard disk, CD-ROM, containing executable instructions for causing one or more processors to perform actions belonging to them. Furthermore, although the main processing circuitry 50, telemetry circuitry 56, charging circuitry 68, and temperature sensor 59 are described as separate modules, in some examples, the main processing circuitry 50, telemetry circuitry 56, charging circuitry 68, and / or temperature sensor 59 are functionally integrated. In some examples, the main processing circuit 50, telemetry circuit 56, charging circuit 68, and / or temperature sensor 59 correspond to separate hardware units, such as ASICs, DSPs, FPGAs, or other hardware units.

[0092] Throughout this disclosure, memory 52 may store instructions that, when executed by main processing circuitry 50, enable main processing circuitry 50 and external charging device 208 to provide functionality and / or any equivalent thereof attributable to external charging device 208. For example, memory 52 may include instructions that enable main processing circuitry 50 to control the power level for charging IMD 210 in response to a determined temperature of the housing / outer surface of IMD 210, such as that transmitted from IMD 210, or instructions for any other functionality. Memory 52 may include records of selected power levels, sensed temperatures, determined temperatures, or any other data relating to charging of rechargeable power supply 18, as described above. Figure 2 As described above. Memory 52 can store instructions that, when executed by the main processing circuit 50, can control the operation of indicator light 64, as described above. Figure 1 As described, the main processing circuit 50 can determine one or more operating states of, for example, the external charging device 208 and selectively control the indicator light 64 based on the operating state.

[0093] When requested, the main processing circuit 50 can transfer any data stored in memory 52 to another computing device for viewing or further processing, such as transferring to... Figure 1The server 112 is depicted in the image. The main processing circuit 50 can be configured to access memory, such as memory 32 of IMD 10 and / or memory 52 of external charging device 208, to retrieve information including instructions, formulas, and determined values ​​of one or more constants.

[0094] User interface 54 may include buttons (such as control 62) or a keyboard, lights (such as indicator lights 64), a speaker for voice commands, and a display such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light-emitting diode (LED), or a cathode ray tube (CRT). In some examples, the display may be a touchscreen. Control 62 may be any type of component capable of receiving user input and providing indications of user input to the main processing circuitry 50. Control 62 may be a knob, switch, button, etc. As discussed in this disclosure, the main processing circuitry 50 may present and receive information related to the charging and / or status of the rechargeable power source 18 (e.g., a battery) of IMD 210 via user interface 54. For example, user interface 54 may indicate when charging occurs, the quality of alignment between the internal primary coil 228 or the external primary coil 48 and the secondary coil 16 of IMD 210, the selected power level, the current charge level of the rechargeable power source 18, the duration of the current recharging session, the expected remaining time of the charging session, the sensed temperature, or any other information. In some examples, the main processing circuitry 50 may receive information displayed on the user interface 54 from the IMD 210. In some examples, the user interface 54 may provide the user with an indication of the status of the power supply 18 of the IMD 210. For example, the user interface 54 may provide information indicating the status of the power supply 18 (e.g., battery status), including an indication of at least one of the following: the amount of remaining charge (e.g., percentage), time before recharging, recharging interval, expected date of battery depletion, or expected date of battery recharging.

[0095] User interface 54 can also receive user input. Input may be, for example, pressing a button on a keypad or selecting an icon from a touchscreen. Input may change programmed settings, start or stop treatment, request start or stop a recharging session, desired charging level, or one or more statistics (e.g., cumulative heat dose) related to charging the rechargeable power supply 18. In this way, user interface 54 can allow the user to view information related to the operation of IMD 210. For example, control 62 may provide input to main processing circuitry 50 to cause main processing circuitry 50 to start or stop supplying power to the power receiving device (e.g., as mentioned above). Figure 1 and Figure 2 The wireless power delivery of the IMD 10 or IMD 210 described.

[0096] The charging circuit 58 may include one or more circuits that generate electrical signals and currents within an external primary coil 48. In some examples, the charging circuit 58 may generate alternating current with a specified amplitude and frequency. In other examples, the charging circuit 58 may generate direct current. In any case, the charging circuit 58 may be able to generate electrical signals and subsequently magnetic fields to transfer various levels of power to the IMD 210. In this way, the charging circuit 58 may be configured to charge the rechargeable power supply 18 of the IMD 210 at a selected power level.

[0097] Power source 60 can deliver operating power to components of external charging device 208. Power source 60 can also deliver operating power to drive external primary coil 48 during the charging process. Power source 60 may include a battery and power generation circuitry to generate operating power. In some examples, the battery of power source 60 may be rechargeable to allow for extended portable operation. In other examples, power source 60 may draw power from a wired voltage source, such as a consumer or commercial power outlet.

[0098] Under the control of the main processing circuit 50, the telemetry circuit 56 supports wireless communication between the IMD 210 and the external charging device 208. The telemetry circuit 56 can also be configured to communicate with another computing device via wireless communication technology or directly via a wired connection. In some examples, the telemetry circuit 56 may be substantially similar to the telemetry circuit 36 ​​of the IMD 210 described herein, providing wireless communication via RF or a near-side inductive medium. In some examples, the telemetry circuit 56 includes an antenna 57, which may take various forms, such as an internal antenna or an external antenna. While both the telemetry circuit 56 and the telemetry circuit 36 ​​may each include dedicated antennas for communication between these devices, the telemetry circuits 56 and 36 may alternatively or additionally be configured to transmit data using inductive coupling from the internal primary coil 228 and / or the external primary coil 48.

[0099] Examples of local wireless communication technologies that can be used to facilitate communication between the external charging device 208 and the IMD 210 include radio frequency and / or inductive communication according to any of a variety of standards or proprietary telemetry protocols, or according to other telemetry protocols such as the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11x or the Bluetooth specification set. In this way, other external devices can be able to communicate with the external charging device 208 without establishing a secure wireless connection.

[0100] During operation, the main processing circuit 50 and / or the secondary processing circuit 40 can control one or more sets of indicator lights 64 to provide the user with information about communication, charging efficiency, IMD treatment status, etc. For example, the main processing circuit 50 can determine whether a communication circuit (e.g., telemetry circuit 56) has established communication with the power receiving device ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 The main processing circuit 50 can also determine whether the power receiving device (e.g., IMD 10 or IMD 210) is receiving wireless power, for example, via the charging circuit 68 and the internal primary coil 228, or the charging circuit 58 and the external primary coil 48.

[0101] The main processing circuit 50 can use any one or more system metrics to determine the power delivery of the IMD 210. In some examples, the IMD 210 can send a signal indicating the amount of current output by the recharge circuit of the IMD 210. In other examples, the main processing circuit 50 can use any technique, including thermal calculation, temperature measurement, metal detection, etc., to calculate other system metrics, such as the alignment of the internal primary coil 228 with the secondary coil 16 of the IMD 210. The main processing circuit 50 can compare any of the calculated power delivery, power efficiency, alignment, IMD 210 current, etc., with a threshold stored in memory 52. ​​When the value is higher than the threshold, the main processing circuit 50 can cause the indicator light 64 to output a signal.

[0102] In some examples, the main processing circuitry 50 of the external charging device 208 may be configured to determine the operating state of the IMD 210. In some examples, the main processing circuitry 50 of the external charging device 208 is configured to determine whether the IMD 210 is in a first device state (e.g., when the IMD 210 is configured to deliver treatment) and / or a second device state (e.g., deep sleep state). As an alternative to or supplement to the processing circuitry 30 of the IMD 210 as described above, the main processing circuitry 50 of the external charging device 208 may determine the operating state of the IMD 210. Furthermore, the main processing circuitry 50 of the external charging device 208 may be configured to perform any one of the functions related to determining the state of the power supply 18 of the IMD 210 and additionally or alternatively determining the state of the power supply 60 of the external charging device 208.

[0103] In some examples, the main processing circuitry 50 may control the tactile output circuitry 72 to provide tactile sensations above the patient's perception level. For example, the tactile output circuitry may vibrate or provide some similar tactile sensation. In some examples, the main processing circuitry 50 may control the tactile output circuitry 72 to vibrate at a constant level for a specified duration, output a vibration pattern, or output some similar tactile feedback to the patient. In some examples, the tactile feedback may indicate differential coupling, and the tactile feedback may be gradual as coupling improves (e.g., the power receiving device is receiving wireless power above a first threshold). In this way, the patient can receive feedback without having to look at the user interface 54 of the external charging device 208 or the user interface of some other device (e.g., a smartphone, tablet computer, etc.). As discussed above, the main processing circuitry 50 may be configured to provide similar notifications or outputs related to determining the state of the power supply 18 of the IMD 210. For example, the main processing circuitry 50 may control the tactile output circuitry 72 to vibrate in a specific pattern to indicate and / or warn the patient of the state of the power supply 18 of the IMD 210.

[0104] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A block diagram of an exemplary programmer. Programmer 204 can be a device for inputting patient-related information, receiving information from IMD 210, and updating IMD 210. In some examples, such as in the example where programmer 204 is a patient programmer, programmer 204 can be a wearable communication device, wherein treatment request input is integrated into a keychain or wristwatch, handheld computing device, smartphone, computer workstation, or networked computing device. Programmer 204 can be a bring-your-own device associated with an implantable device, provided by the patient or by a healthcare provider.

[0105] In some examples, such as in the case where programmer 204 is a programmer for physicians / clinicians, programmer 204 is a tablet computing device pre-loaded with specific applications to interface with IMD 210. Physicians or clinicians can interact with programmer 204 to program the IMD 210. As described in more detail, physicians or clinicians can use examples of workflows to program the IMD 210 and view information about its use.

[0106] Programmer 204 typically includes processing circuitry 82, memory 84, user interface 86, communication circuitry 88, and power supply 90. Processing circuitry 82 can be any programmable device that accepts digital data as input, is configured to process the input according to instructions or algorithms, and provides results as output. In one example, processing circuitry 82 can be a central processing unit (CPU) configured to execute instructions of a computer program. Therefore, processing circuitry 82 is configured to perform at least basic arithmetic, logic, and input / output operations. In one or more examples, processing circuitry 82 corresponds to a single hardware unit, such as a microprocessor, ASIC, DSP, FPGA, or other hardware unit. In other examples, processing circuitry 82 may correspond to multiple single hardware units, such as microprocessors, ASICs, DSPs, FPGAs, or other hardware units.

[0107] Memory 84 may include volatile or non-volatile memory required by processing circuitry 82 to provide not only space for executing instructions or algorithms, but also space for storing the instructions themselves. In one or more examples, volatile memory may include, for example, random access memory (RAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), or static random access memory (SRAM). In one or more examples, non-volatile memory may include, for example, read-only memory, flash memory, ferroelectric RAM, hard disk, floppy disk, magnetic tape, or optical disk storage devices. The foregoing enumeration does not limit the types of memory that can be used.

[0108] User interface 86 may include buttons or a keypad, lights, a speaker for voice commands, a rotary knob, and a display such as a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light-emitting diode (LED), or a cathode ray tube (CRT). In some examples, the display may be a touchscreen. Processing circuitry 82 may present and receive information related to electrical stimulation and the resulting therapeutic effect via user interface 86. For example, processing circuitry 82 may receive patient input via user interface 86. Input may be in the form of, for example, pressing a button on a keypad or selecting an icon from a touchscreen. Processing circuitry 82 may also present information related to the delivery of electrical stimulation to the patient or caregiver in the form of an alarm via user interface 86. In some examples, user interface 86 may provide the user with an indication of the status of power supply 18 of IMD 210. For example, user interface 86 may provide information indicating the status of power supply 18 (e.g., battery status), including indications of at least one of the following: remaining charge (e.g., percentage), time before recharging, recharging interval, expected date of battery depletion (e.g., including month, day, and year), or expected date of battery recharging (e.g., including month, day, and year).

[0109] Communication circuit 88 is configured to communicate with IMD 210 and optionally server 112. Figure 1Interface connection. Under the control of processing circuitry 82, communication circuitry 88 supports wireless communication between IMD 210 and optionally server 112 and programmer 204. Communication circuitry 88 can also be configured to communicate with another computing device via wireless communication technology or directly with another computing device via a wired connection. Communication circuitry 88 can provide wireless communication via RF or near-end sensing media. In some examples, communication circuitry 88 may include an antenna, which may take various forms, such as an internal antenna or an external antenna.

[0110] Examples of local wireless communication technologies that can be used to facilitate communication between programmer 204 and another computing device include RF communication according to the 802.11 or Bluetooth specification set, and infrared communication, for example, according to the Infrared Data Association (IrDA) standard or other standards or proprietary telemetry protocols. In this way, other external devices can be able to communicate with programmer 204 without establishing a secure wireless connection.

[0111] Power supply 90 delivers operating power to components of programmer 204. Power supply 90 may include a battery and power generation circuitry for generating operating power. In some examples, the battery may be rechargeable, for example, by an external power source.

[0112] Therefore, as described, programmer 204 allows a user (e.g., patient, caregiver, clinician, physician) to program treatment schedules and adjust treatment parameters (e.g., amplitude, frequency, and / or pulse width). Treatment schedules may include the frequency and duration of stimulation therapy based on certain time intervals (e.g., time of day, number of days between treatment sessions, specific dates and / or days of the week for a treatment session, total duration and / or number of treatment sessions, etc.). Programmer 204 may communicate with IMD 210 to update the functionality of IMD 210.

[0113] In some examples, programmer 204 is configured to perform one or more functions relating to determining the state of power supply 18 of IMD 210 (e.g., battery state), as described above. For example, programmer 204 may be configured via processing circuitry 82 to estimate the state of power supply 18 over one or more time periods and / or one or more device states of IMD 210. In some examples, programmer 204 is configured to track and / or estimate the state of power supply 18 (e.g., battery state) even when not connected to IMD 210. Programmer 204 may provide notification relating to the expected state of power supply 18 of IMD 210. IMD 210 may provide programmer 204 with updated information relating to the state of power supply 18.

[0114] Figure 5This is a graph 500 showing example current consumption during various device states of IMD 10 or IMD 210 over a period of time, and regarding the current consumption from... Figure 2 The components of IMD 210 are described. Figure 5 In the example, line 502 indicates that it is made of a battery (e.g., Figure 2 The power supply 18) supplies or discharges the current to the electrical components of the IMD 210 over time. As shown, this is achieved by the battery (e.g., Figure 2 The amount of current supplied by the power supply 18) can be determined according to the device (e.g., Figure 2 The device operating state (such as the first device state) changes depending on one or more operating states of the IMD 210. For example, the device operating state (such as the first device state) includes a situation where the IMD 210 is actually delivering treatment. Figure 5 In the example of time period 504A), or in the case of IMD 210 where the component required for treatment delivery is receiving power but not actually delivering treatment (e.g., the device is in a "standby" state), Figure 5 (Example: time period 504B). Time periods 504A and 504B together represent the situation where IMD 210 is in the first device state, as described above. Figure 2 As described. As another example, device states may include IMD 210 that allows one or more components to be disconnected or partially disconnected from power supply 18 or otherwise consume less power (e.g., deep sleep state). Figure 5 (Time period 506 in the example). Time period 506 indicates that IMD 210 is in the second device state, as described above. Figure 2 As described. In the second device state, very few components may be operable, such as only enough to track time or schedule the next exit from the second device state and re-entry into the first device state for delivery of treatment or to perform other operations (the current consumption can be measured again during the delivery of treatment or the performance of other operations).

[0115] exist Figure 5In the example, the device (e.g., IMD 210) is configured to draw a different (e.g., higher) current level from a power source (e.g., power source 18) compared to a second time period (e.g., time period 506) during which the IMD 210 is in a first device state (e.g., time periods 504A and 504B, collectively referred to as the first time period). For example, during time period 504A, when the IMD 210 is delivering therapy (such as one or more pulses of electrical stimulation therapy), the IMD 210 may draw (and the power source 18 may provide) a peak current level 512 and an average current level 514. The peak current level 512 may be the maximum current delivered during electrical stimulation (e.g., the maximum amplitude of the electrical stimulation pulse), such as 1 mA to 20 mA or about 1 mA to about 20 mA. The average current level 514 may represent the average current level during a stimulation period (e.g., a period of 504A), such as 10 microamps to 1000 microamps or about 10 microamps to about 1000 microamps. Between periods of electrical stimulation (e.g., pulses), the IMD may draw a baseline current level 516. Additionally, in cases where the components required for treatment delivery by the IMD 210 are receiving power but not actually delivering treatment (e.g., in a device "standby" state and / or when the IMD 210 is performing certain administrative operations)... Figure 5 In the example, during time period 504B, IMD 210 may draw a baseline current level 516. During time period 506, when IMD 210 is in a second device state (e.g., deep sleep state), IMD may draw a reduced current level 518. In some examples, the reduced current level 518 is less than the baseline current level 516, and IMD 210 uses less power during the second device state (e.g., deep sleep state) compared to the first device state. In some examples, the reduced current level 518 is approximately 140 nanoamps. Figure 5 The reduced current draw during the different time periods shown allows the IMD 210 to save power from the power supply 18 during the different time periods. In some examples, the IMD 210 may have a temporary period during which the current draw in its time period 504 is less than the current draw in some or all of the time periods in time period 506.

[0116] Figure 5 Examples illustrate periods of stimulation, standby, deep sleep, and / or reduced power to illustrate current draw during different time periods. In some examples, the IMD 210 is in periods of therapeutic delivery (e.g., one or more time periods, such as time period 504A) and in periods when the components required for therapeutic delivery by the IMD 210 are receiving power but not actually delivering therapy (e.g., device "standby" state). Figure 5In some examples, the IMD 210 automatically cycles between time periods (e.g., time period 504B) in the example. In some examples, the IMD 210 automatically transitions to a period of deep sleep or reduced power state (e.g., time period 506) based on one or more treatment schedules or one or more device schedules. However, the IMD 210 can also be configured to transition between different time periods (e.g., time periods 504A, 504B, and 506) in response to user input.

[0117] Figure 6A This is a conceptual diagram illustrating an exemplary user interface 600 in relation to a rechargeable battery according to the present disclosure. The user interface 600 may include a screen 602 having various frames or areas for displaying relevant information relating to a device such as IMD 10 or IMD 210. The user interface 600 may be as follows: Figure 3 The user interface 54 of the external charging device 208 shown is as follows: Figure 4 The example shown is a user interface 86 of a programmer 204 (which may be a patient programmer or a clinician programmer) or another suitable device. The user interface 600 can provide the user with information about the device's battery and will combine information from... Figure 2 The power supply 18 of the IMD210 will be discussed. Although the user interface 600 may have a static box to display information related to the power supply 18, one or more pop-ups, labels or other types of alerts are conceivable.

[0118] exist Figure 6A In one example, user interface 600 provides information about the state of the power supply to a user (who could be a patient, clinician, or another suitable user). For example, screen 602 includes a box 640A displaying information about the state of the power supply 18 of IMD 210. Box 640A may include indications of the state of the power supply 18 of IMD 210, including various charts, graphs, colors, numerical values, or pictures indicating the state of the power supply 18 of IMD 210. For example, box 640A includes a charge indicator 642 (represented as a numerical percentage of remaining charge). In some examples, box 640A includes the expected date and / or interval for the next recharge (e.g., when the power supply 18 of IMD 210 needs to be recharged). Additionally, box 640A may include one or more options (e.g., buttons, toggle keys, or another suitable mechanism) for the user to access information related to the power supply 18. For example, box 640A includes a button 644 prompting the calculation of an estimated recharge interval (which could be the time before recharge or the expected date of battery recharge, as combined with...). Figure 2(As discussed above). In some examples, including those using a non-rechargeable power source, button 644 may prompt the user to calculate the expected date of battery depletion (e.g., including month, day, and year). In this way, while IMD 210 may automatically update the estimate of the state of power source 18 and / or the estimated recharge date at one or more intervals, user interface 600 allows the user to “refresh” or “update” such determinations. As discussed above, such determinations may be based on and / or include an aggregation of measured current consumption from power source 18 during at least a first device state (e.g., when IMD 210 is configured to deliver treatment) and estimated current consumption during a second device state (e.g., deep sleep state). In some examples, screen 602 includes box 630 that provides an indication of when the user and / or device last “refreshed” or “updated” the determination of power source 18 (e.g., battery state). In some examples, one or more notifications related to power source 18 may be generated on screen 602, such as periodic notifications or prompts instructing the user to recharge power source 18. For example, in response to the power 18 dropping below a predefined threshold, screen 602 may include one or more prompts or reminders to recharge the power 18.

[0119] Figure 6B It shows the user interface (such as...) Figure 6A A conceptual diagram of an example section of the user interface (600). Figure 6B In the example, box 640B includes a charge indicator 648, which is represented as a graph of battery charge versus time. The charge indicator 648 may include information relating to actual charge consumption over time (e.g., measured or estimated), and in some examples, information relating to predictions of future charge consumption. For example, future charge consumption may be considered in a treatment schedule to predict estimated current consumption and / or the expected date of recharging. The system may update this estimate based on actual measurements taken during IMD 210 operation. Although Figure 6A and Figure 6B The examples illustrate various ways to display information relating to the state of a power source (e.g., power source 18 of IMD 210), but other ways of displaying information may be used instead of or in addition to the examples shown. Box 640B includes a button 644 to prompt for calculating an estimated recharge interval (which may be the time before recharging or the expected date of battery recharging, as combined with...). Figure 2 (As discussed).

[0120] Figure 6C It shows the user interface (such as...) Figure 6A A conceptual diagram of an example section of the user interface (600). Figure 6CIn the example, box 640C includes an indication 650 for a charge depletion date. The charge depletion date 650 can be the day, date, or other indicator that the power supply 18 of the IMD 210 is depleted and / or consumed below a predetermined level, which could be a level providing some backup battery capacity or a level required for the normal operation of the IMD 210. This predetermined level may correspond to the battery's voltage level. In some examples, the charge depletion date 650 may be the same as the expected date and / or interval of the next recharge (e.g., when the power supply 18 of the IMD 210 needs recharging). For example, the charge depletion date 650 may be the same as the expected date and / or interval of the next recharge if the user only expects to recharge at long intervals and / or only when the power supply 18 is depleted or nearly depleted. However, in some examples, the charge depletion date 650 may differ from the expected date and / or interval of the next recharge (e.g., when the power supply 18 of the IMD 210 needs recharging). For example, a user may want to set a recharge interval and / or a recharge date before the charge depletion date. In some examples, the recharge interval may include a period of time preceding the charge depletion date. As an illustrative example, the processing circuitry 30 of the IMD 210 can be configured to set a monthly recharge interval, with the charge depletion date several months later.

[0121] Figure 6D This is a conceptual diagram illustrating an exemplary user interface 660 in relation to a rechargeable battery according to the present disclosure. The user interface 660 may include a screen 662 having various frames or areas for displaying relevant information relating to a device such as IMD 10 or IMD 210. The user interface 660 may be as follows: Figure 3 The user interface 54 of the external charging device 208 shown is as follows: Figure 4 The example shown is a user interface 86 of a programmer 204 (which may be a patient programmer or a clinician programmer) or another suitable device. The user interface 660 can provide the user with information about the device's battery and will combine information from... Figure 2 The power supply 18 of the IMD210 will be discussed. Although the user interface 660 may have a static box to display information related to the power supply 18, one or more pop-ups, labels or other types of alerts are conceivable.

[0122] exist Figure 6DIn the example, user interface 660 provides information about the state of the power supply to a user (who may be a patient, clinician, or another suitable user). For example, screen 662 includes a box 680 displaying information about the state of the power supply 18 of IMD 210. Box 680 may include indications of the state of the power supply 18 of IMD 210, including various charts, graphs, colors, numerical values, or pictures indicating the state of the power supply 18 of IMD 210. For example, box 680 includes a charge indicator 682 (represented as a numerical percentage of remaining charge). In some examples, box 680 includes the expected date and / or interval for the next recharge (e.g., when the power supply 18 of IMD 210 needs to be recharged). Additionally, box 680 may include one or more options (e.g., buttons, toggle keys, or another suitable mechanism) for the user to access information related to the power supply 18. For example, box 680 includes a button 684 to prompt for calculating an estimated recharge interval (which may be the time before recharge or the expected date of battery recharge, as combined with...). Figure 2 (As discussed). In some examples, including those using a non-rechargeable power source, button 684 may prompt the user to calculate the expected date the battery will run out. In this way, while IMD 210 may automatically update the estimate of the state of power source 18 and / or the estimated recharge date at one or more intervals, user interface 660 allows the user to “refresh” or “update” such determinations. As discussed above, such determinations may be based on and / or include an aggregation of measured current consumption from power source 18 during at least a first device state (e.g., when IMD 210 is configured to deliver treatment) and estimated current consumption during a second device state (e.g., deep sleep). In some examples, screen 662 includes box 670 that provides an indication of when the user and / or device last “refreshed” or “updated” the determination of power source 18 (e.g., battery state). In some examples, one or more notifications related to power source 18 may be generated on screen 662, such as periodic notifications or prompts instructing the user to recharge power source 18. For example, in response to the power 18 dropping below a predefined threshold, screen 662 may include one or more prompts or reminders to recharge the power 18.

[0123] Figure 7 This is a flowchart illustrating an example technique for estimating the state of a battery. Figure 7 The example technique is about how to combine Figure 2 The discussion is directed to the components of the IMD 210, but may be related to any device in the apparatus of this disclosure (e.g., Figure 1 Used together with IMD 10.

[0124] Processing circuitry 30 can determine the measured current consumption (702) from the battery (e.g., power source 18) of IMD 210 during a first time period when IMD is in a first device state. In some examples, during the first device state and / or the first time period, IMD is configured to deliver electrical stimulation therapy, monitor patient physiological parameters, or both. During the first device state and / or the first time period, coulomb counter 35 measures the current consumption from the battery (e.g., power source 18) of IMD 210 in the first device state and / or provides the measured current consumption to processing circuitry 30. Processing circuitry 30 can receive information from timer 41 indicating IMD events, including one or more timestamps of time spent in the first device state, time spent in the second device state, or IMD 210 entering or exiting at least one of the second device states. Processing circuitry 30 can determine (e.g., calculate) the duration spent in the first device state or the second device state.

[0125] Processing circuitry 30 can determine the estimated current consumption from the battery (e.g., power source 18) of IMD 210 during a second time period when IMD 210 is in a second device state (704), during which the current consumption cannot be directly measured or other battery usage is not possible (e.g., coulomb counter 35 is disconnected). In some examples, processing circuitry 30 accesses information indicating the characterizing current consumption from the battery (e.g., power source 18) to determine the estimated current consumption from the battery (e.g., power source 18) of IMD 210. For example, processing circuitry 30 can access one or more stored values ​​(e.g., stored in memory 32 or available via a lookup table) indicating the characterizing current consumption of IMD 210 during a second device state (e.g., deep sleep state). In some examples, information indicating the characterizing current consumption from the battery (e.g., power source 18) is determined before IMD 210 is implanted in the patient.

[0126] In some examples, processing circuitry 30 receives information indicating events of IMD 210 during a second time period to determine an estimated current consumption from the battery (e.g., power source 18) of IMD 210. For example, processing circuitry 30 receives information from timer 41 (e.g., the duration of IMD 210 in a second device state or one or more timestamps indicating IMD 210 entering or exiting the second device state). In some examples, timer 41 includes a real-time clock. In some examples, timer 41 includes an oscillator. In some examples, timer 41 includes an oscillator and a counter for counting oscillations from the oscillator. However, in some examples, processing circuitry 30 may additionally or alternatively include a counter. Timer 41 may remain powered on during the second device state. In some examples, processing circuitry 30 calculates the estimated current consumption for the second time period based on information indicating characterizing current consumption from the battery and based on information indicating events of IMD 210. For example, in characterizing the current consumption as the amount of current consumption per unit time (e.g., amperes per hour), the processing circuit 30 determines the current consumption during the second device state (e.g., deep sleep state) based on the amount of time spent in the second device state.

[0127] Processing circuitry 30 can determine the battery state (706) of the IMD 210's battery (e.g., power source 18) based on measured current consumption and estimated current consumption. For example, processing circuitry 30 determines the current consumption from power source 18 over a period of time based on the aggregation of measured current consumption from power source 18 during at least a first device state (e.g., when IMD 210 is configured to deliver treatment) and estimated current consumption during a second device state (e.g., deep sleep state).

[0128] Processing circuitry 30 may generate information indicating the battery status of the IMD 210's battery (e.g., power source 18) for output (708). The battery status may include at least one of the following: percentage of remaining charge, time before recharging, recharging interval, expected date of battery depletion, or expected date of battery recharging. In some examples, the information indicating the battery status of the IMD 210 includes notifications about the battery status. In some examples, processing circuitry 30 generates one or more of the following: visual, audio, tactile, or sensory feedback, or related notifications regarding the status of power source 18.

[0129] In some examples, processing circuitry 30 updates the battery state in response to IMD 210 exiting the second device state. For example, processing circuitry 30 may automatically update (e.g., without user prompt) the determination of the state of power supply 18 (e.g., battery state) in response to IMD 210 exiting the second device state (e.g., deep sleep state).

[0130] This disclosure includes the following non-limiting embodiments.

[0131] Example 1: A system comprising: a processing circuit configured to: determine a measured current consumption from a battery of an implantable medical device (IMD) during a first time period in a first device state; determine an estimated current consumption from the battery of the IMD during a second time period in a second device state; determine a battery state of the battery of the IMD based on the measured current consumption and the estimated current consumption; and generate information indicating the battery state of the battery of the IMD for output.

[0132] Example 2: According to the system described in Example 1, in order to determine the estimated current consumption, the processing circuit is configured to: access information indicating the characterizing current consumption from the battery, receive information indicating an IMD event occurring during the second time period, and calculate the estimated current consumption for the second time period based on the information indicating the characterizing current consumption from the battery and based on the information indicating the IMD event.

[0133] Example 3: The system according to Example 2, wherein the information indicating the characterizing current consumption from the battery is determined before the IMD is implanted in the patient.

[0134] Example 4: The system according to any one of Examples 2 to 3, wherein the information indicating the IMD event includes one or more timestamps of the IMD entering or exiting at least one of the second device states.

[0135] Example 5: The system according to any one of Examples 2 to 4, wherein the information indicating the IMD event includes the duration of the second time period during which the IMD is in the second device state.

[0136] Example 6: The system according to claim 5, wherein during the second device state, a timer records the duration of the second time period in which the IMD is in the second device state.

[0137] Example 7: The system of claim 6, wherein the timer includes at least one of a real-time clock or an oscillator.

[0138] Example 8: The system according to any one of Examples 1 to 7, wherein during the first device state, the IMD is configured to deliver electrical stimulation therapy.

[0139] Example 9: The system according to any one of Examples 1 to 8, wherein the information indicating the battery state of the IMD includes at least one of the following: percentage of remaining charge, time before recharging, expected date of battery depletion, or expected date of battery recharging.

[0140] Example 10: The system according to any one of Examples 1 to 9, wherein the information indicating the battery state of the IMD includes a notification about the battery state.

[0141] Example 11: The system according to any one of Examples 1 to 10 further includes a coulomb counter, wherein the coulomb counter of the IMD measures the current consumed by the battery from the IMD in the first device state.

[0142] Example 12: A system according to any of Example 11, wherein the system further includes a treatment generation circuit, and wherein during the second device state, at least the coulomb counter and the treatment generation circuit are disconnected from the battery.

[0143] Example 13: The system according to Example 12, wherein during the second device state, the processing circuit is configured to control the IMD to disconnect the switch, such that at least the coulomb counter and the treatment generation circuit are disconnected from the battery.

[0144] Example 14: The system according to any one of Examples 1 to 13, wherein the processing circuit is further configured to update the battery state in response to the IMD exiting the second device state.

[0145] Example 15: The system according to any one of Examples 1 to 14, wherein in order to determine the estimated current consumption, the processing circuit is configured to measure the voltage of the battery.

[0146] Example 16: The system according to any one of Examples 2 to 15, wherein in order to determine the estimated current consumption, the processing circuit is configured to access a lookup table, wherein the lookup table at least associates the information indicating an IMD event with the information indicating the characterizing current consumption from the battery.

[0147] Example 17: The system according to any one of Examples 1 to 16, wherein in order to generate information indicating the battery state of the battery of the IMD for output, the processing circuit is configured to provide the patient with at least one of stimulus-based notification or tactile feedback notification.

[0148] Example 18: The system according to any one of Examples 1 to 17, wherein the processing circuit is further configured to periodically update the battery state of the battery of the IMD.

[0149] Example 19: A method comprising: determining, by processing circuitry, a measured current consumption from a battery of an implantable medical device (IMD) during a first time period in a first device state; determining, by processing circuitry, an estimated current consumption from the battery of the IMD during a second time period in a second device state of the IMD; determining, by processing circuitry, a battery state of the battery of the IMD based on the measured current consumption and the estimated current consumption; and generating, by processing circuitry, information indicating the battery state of the battery of the IMD for output.

[0150] Example 20: According to the method of Example 19, determining the estimated current consumption includes: accessing information indicating a characterizing current consumption from the battery via the processing circuit; receiving information indicating an IMD event occurring during the second time period via the processing circuit; and calculating the estimated current consumption for the second time period via the processing circuit based on the information indicating the characterizing current consumption from the battery and based on the information indicating the IMD event.

[0151] Example 21: The method according to Example 20, wherein the information indicating the characterization of the current consumption from the battery is determined before the IMD is implanted in the patient.

[0152] Example 22: The method according to any one of Examples 20 to 21, wherein the information indicating the IMD event includes one or more timestamps of the IMD entering or exiting at least one of the second device states.

[0153] Example 23: The method according to any one of Examples 20 to 22, wherein the information indicating the IMD event includes the duration of the second time period during which the IMD is in the second device state.

[0154] Example 24: According to the method of Example 23, wherein during the second device state, a timer records the duration of the second time period in which the IMD is in the second device state.

[0155] Example 25: The method according to Example 24, wherein the timer includes at least one of a real-time clock or an oscillator.

[0156] Example 26: The method according to any one of Examples 19 to 25, wherein during the first device state, the IMD is configured to deliver electrical stimulation therapy.

[0157] Example 27: The method according to any one of Examples 19 to 26, wherein the information indicating the battery state of the IMD includes at least one of the following: percentage of remaining charge, time before recharging, expected date of battery depletion, or expected date of battery recharging.

[0158] Example 28: The method according to any one of Examples 19 to 27, wherein the information indicating the battery state of the IMD includes a notification about the battery state.

[0159] Example 29: The method according to any one of Examples 19 to 28, wherein the coulomb meter of the IMD measures the current consumed by the battery from the IMD in the first device state.

[0160] Example 30: The method according to any one of Examples 19 to 29, wherein during the second device state, at least the coulomb counter and the treatment generation circuit are disconnected from the battery.

[0161] Example 31: The method according to any one of Examples 19 to 30 further includes controlling the IMD to disconnect the switch during the second device state, such that at least the coulomb counter and the treatment generation circuit are disconnected from the battery.

[0162] Example 32: The method according to any one of Examples 19 to 31 further includes: updating the battery state by means of the processing circuit in response to the IMD exiting the second device state.

[0163] Example 33: A system comprising: a treatment generation circuit configured to deliver electrical stimulation therapy via one or more electrodes; and a processing circuit configured to: receive, from a coulomb counter, a measured current consumption from a battery of an implantable medical device (IMD) during a first time period in a first device state; access information indicating a characterizing current consumption from the battery; receive information indicating an IMD event occurring during a second time period in a second device state; calculate an estimated current consumption for the second time period based on the information indicating the characterizing current consumption from the battery and based on the information indicating the IMD event; determine a battery state of the battery of the IMD based on the measured current consumption and the estimated current consumption; and generate information indicating the battery state of the battery of the IMD for output, wherein the information indicating the IMD event includes the duration of the second time period in the second device state of the IMD as recorded by a timer; and wherein during the second device state, at least the coulomb counter and the treatment generation circuit are disconnected from the battery.

[0164] Example 34: The system according to Example 33, wherein during the second device state, the processing circuit is configured to control the IMD to disconnect the switch, such that at least the coulomb counter and the treatment generation circuit are disconnected from the battery.

[0165] Example 35: A computer-readable medium comprising instructions that, when executed, control processing circuitry to: determine a measured current consumption from a battery of an implantable medical device (IMD) during a first time period in a first device state; determine an estimated current consumption from the battery of the IMD during a second time period in a second device state; determine a battery state of the battery of the IMD based on the measured current consumption and the estimated current consumption; and generate information indicating the battery state of the battery of the IMD for output.

[0166] Example 36: The system according to any one of Examples 1 to 18, wherein the measured current consumption is a first measured current consumption associated with treatment delivery according to a first procedure, and wherein the processing circuit is further configured to: determine a second measured current consumption from the battery of the IMD during a third time period in a third device state, wherein the second measured current consumption is associated with treatment delivery according to a second treatment procedure different from the first treatment procedure.

[0167] Example 37: The method according to any one of Examples 19 to 31, wherein the measured current consumption is a first measured current consumption associated with treatment delivery according to a first procedure, and wherein the method further comprises: determining by the processing circuit a second measured current consumption from the battery of the IMD during a third time period in a third device state, wherein the second measured current consumption is associated with treatment delivery according to a second treatment procedure different from the first treatment procedure.

[0168] The techniques described in this disclosure can be implemented, at least in part, in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. For example, aspects of the described techniques can be implemented within one or more processors, such as fixed-function processing circuitry and / or programmable processing circuitry, including one or more microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or any other equivalent integrated or discrete logic circuitry, and any combination of such components. The terms "processor" or "processing circuitry" can generally refer to any of the aforementioned logic circuitry, alone or in combination with other logic circuitry, or any other equivalent circuitry. A control unit, including hardware, can also perform one or more of the techniques disclosed herein.

[0169] Such hardware, software, and firmware can be implemented within the same device or in separate devices to support the various operations and functions described in this disclosure. Furthermore, any of the described units, modules, or components can be implemented together or separately as discrete but interoperable logical devices. Describing different features as modules or units is intended to highlight different functional aspects and does not necessarily imply that such modules or units must be implemented by separate hardware or software components. Rather, the functionality associated with one or more modules or units can be performed by separate hardware or software components, or integrated within common or separate hardware or software components.

Claims

1. A system comprising: Processing circuit, the processing circuit being configured to: The measured current consumption from the battery of the implantable medical device (IMD) is determined during a first time period when the IMD is in a first device state. Determine the estimated current consumption of the battery from the IMD during a second time period when the IMD is in the second device state. The battery state of the IMD's battery is determined based on the measured current consumption and the estimated current consumption. Generate information indicating the battery state of the battery of the IMD for output.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein, in order to determine the estimated current consumption, the processing circuit is configured to: Access information indicating the current consumption from the battery. Receive information indicating an IMD event that occurred during the second time period, and The estimated current consumption for the second time period is calculated based on the information indicating the current consumption from the battery and the information indicating the IMD event.

3. The system of claim 2, wherein the information indicating the characterizing current consumption from the battery is determined before the IMD is implanted in the patient.

4. The system according to any one of claims 2 or 3, wherein the information indicating the IMD event includes one or more timestamps of the IMD entering or exiting at least one of the second device states.

5. The system according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the information indicating the IMD event includes the duration of the second time period during which the IMD is in the second device state.

6. The system of claim 5, wherein during the second device state, a timer records the duration of the second time period in which the IMD is in the second device state.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein the timer comprises at least one of a real-time clock or an oscillator.

8. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein during the first device state, the IMD is configured to deliver electrical stimulation therapy.

9. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the information indicating the battery state of the IMD includes at least one of the following: percentage of remaining charge, time before recharging, expected date of battery depletion, or expected date of battery recharging.

10. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the system further comprising a coulomb counter, wherein the coulomb counter of the IMD measures the current consumed by the battery from the IMD in the first device state.

11. The system of claim 10, further comprising a treatment generation circuit, wherein during the second device state, at least the coulomb counter and the treatment generation circuit are disconnected from the battery.

12. The system of claim 11, wherein during the second device state, the processing circuitry is configured to control the IMD to disconnect a switch, such that at least the coulomb counter and the treatment generation circuitry are disconnected from the battery.

13. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to update the battery state in response to the IMD exiting the second device state.

14. The system according to any one of claims 2 to 13, wherein, in order to determine the estimated current consumption, the processing circuitry is configured to access a lookup table, wherein the lookup table at least associates the information indicating an IMD event with the information indicating the characterizing current consumption from the battery.

15. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 14, wherein, in order to generate information indicating the battery state of the battery of the IMD for output, the processing circuitry is configured to provide the patient with at least one of stimulus-based notification or tactile feedback notification.

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