Cumin and cotton intercropping planting method, irrigation system and irrigation device

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural production, in particular to a cumin and cotton intercropping planting method, irrigation system and irrigation device.The cumin and cotton intercropping planting method comprises the following steps that S1, land parcel preparation is conducted, specifically, the land parcel terrain is adjusted to be flat, ploughing and fertilization are conducted, and the pH value is made to be smaller than 8.0; s2, intercropping and sowing: sowing the cotton and cumin in the same plot in the same period in the proper sowing period of the cotton, and establishing a symbiotic system; s3, mulching film protection is conducted, mulching films are adopted for mulching, cotton planting belts and cumin planting belts are alternately arranged below each mulching film, and the cumin planting belts are located on the sides of the lighting faces of the cotton planting belts; s4, performing zoned irrigation: arranging two independent irrigation systems in the cotton planting belt and the cumin planting belt, and performing zoned water and fertilizer management on the cotton planting belt and the cumin planting belt. The problems that in the prior art, cotton and cumin are independently planted in a single planting mode, soil moisture and sun illumination are not fully utilized, and the land utilization rate is low are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural production technology, specifically to a method for intercropping cumin and cotton, an irrigation system, and an irrigation device. Background Technology

[0002] Cumin is a spice crop with high economic value. It has a short growing season, from emergence to maturity in 70-90 days. It is drought-resistant, with short plants (generally 20-40cm tall) and shallow root systems (mostly distributed in the top 5-10cm of soil). Cotton is an important economic crop in my country, widely cultivated in the Northwest and other regions. It has tall plants (generally 60-150cm tall) and deep root systems (mostly distributed in the top 20-80cm of soil).

[0003] In existing technologies, most adopt a monoculture planting model (planting cumin and cotton in separate plots for independent cultivation). During cotton / cumin planting, it is necessary to set reasonable row spacing so that each row of cotton / cumin can absorb sufficient water and sunlight. However, there are many open areas between adjacent planting zones, resulting in underutilization of soil moisture and sunlight, leading to low land utilization. Furthermore, cotton is susceptible to pests such as aphids during cultivation, requiring the application of large amounts of pesticides for pest and disease control. Summary of the Invention

[0004] In view of this, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a planting method, irrigation system and irrigation device for intercropping cumin and cotton, so as to solve the problem of low land utilization rate caused by the existing single planting mode of planting cotton and cumin independently, which does not make full use of soil moisture and sunlight.

[0005] This invention is achieved through the following technical solution: A method for intercropping cumin and cotton, comprising the following steps: S1. Site preparation: Adjust the terrain of the site to be flat, plow and fertilize to make the pH value < 8.0; S2. Intercropping: During the suitable sowing period for cotton, cotton and cumin are sown simultaneously in the same plot to establish a symbiotic system. S3. Mulch film protection: Mulch film is used for covering, and cotton planting strips and cumin planting strips are alternately set under each piece of mulch film. The cumin planting strip is located on the light-receiving side of the cotton planting strip. S4. Zoned Irrigation: Two independent irrigation systems are set up in the cotton planting zone and the cumin planting zone to carry out zoned water and fertilizer management for the cotton planting zone and the cumin planting zone.

[0006] Furthermore, in step S2, the suitable sowing period is: when the temperature at a depth of 5 cm underground is consistently higher than 12 ℃ for 3 consecutive days in spring, the sowing of cumin and cotton should be completed within 5 days, and no later than April 15.

[0007] Furthermore, in step S3, the width of the mulch film is 205 cm, and each mulch film covers six rows of cotton and four rows of cumin. The six cotton rows form three cotton planting zones, with a spacing of 66 cm between two adjacent cotton planting zones. Each cotton planting zone contains two cotton rows with a row spacing of 10 cm. The four cumin rows form two cumin planting zones, which are located within a 66 cm gap between adjacent cotton planting zones. Each cumin planting zone contains two cumin rows with a row spacing of 10 cm.

[0008] Furthermore, in step S4, the two irrigation systems are used to perform drip irrigation of water and fertilizer on the cotton planting strip and the cumin planting strip respectively, wherein the drip irrigation depth of the cotton planting strip is 30-50 cm and the drip irrigation depth of the cumin planting strip is 20-30 cm.

[0009] An irrigation system for the above-mentioned intercropping of cumin and cotton includes a main pipe and multiple branch pipes arranged along the length of the main pipe, with each branch pipe corresponding to a cotton planting strip or a cumin planting strip. One end of the branch pipe is connected to the inside of the main pipe, and the other end is laid in the corresponding planting strip; The branch pipe is equipped with several drip heads, and each drip head is equipped with a vertical water guide pipe. The top end of the water guide pipe is connected to the inside of the dripper, and the other end is inserted into the soil. The side wall of the water guide pipe is provided with a water outlet.

[0010] A drip irrigation device for use in the above-mentioned irrigation system includes a water guide pipe and a lifting rod embedded in the water guide pipe. The lifting rod and the water guide pipe slide in a vertical direction and are sealed together. An adjustment part for driving the lifting rod to slide is provided between the lifting rod and the water guide pipe. The top side wall of the water guide pipe has a first through hole, the lifting rod has a hollow structure, and the side wall of the lifting rod facing the first through hole has a strip-shaped hole extending in the vertical direction. The water outlet end of the dripper passes through the first through hole and the strip-shaped hole in sequence and extends into the lifting rod. The bottom side wall of the lifting rod is provided with a second through hole that connects the inside and outside of the lifting rod, and the water outlet of the water guide pipe is located on the movement trajectory of the second through hole.

[0011] Furthermore, the top and bottom of the water guide pipe are both open hollow structures, and the outer edge of the bottom surface of the water guide pipe is beveled.

[0012] Furthermore, the water guide pipe has multiple water outlet holes on its side wall, which are arranged vertically and are all located on the movement trajectory of the second through hole.

[0013] Furthermore, the adjusting part includes a threaded sleeve that is fitted over the top of the water guide pipe and rotates with the water guide pipe. The threaded sleeve is also fitted over the top of the lifting rod and is connected by a threaded engagement.

[0014] Furthermore, the bottom end of the lifting rod is prismatic, and the interior of the water guide pipe is adapted to the bottom of the lifting rod and is slidably fitted.

[0015] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention discloses a planting method, irrigation system, and irrigation device for intercropping cumin and cotton. By planting cumin in the gaps between cotton rows, it fully utilizes light and heat resources and land space, achieving two harvests a year and improving the overall economic benefits per unit area. Cumin has an early growth period and is harvested early, staggering its growth with the early stages of cotton growth, reducing resource competition. Furthermore, cumin root exudates can improve the soil microbial environment, allowing for nutrient rotation with cotton and contributing to soil fertility maintenance. Simultaneously, the later growth stages of cotton can suppress weeds, reducing field management costs.

[0016] Other advantages, objectives, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the following examination, or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention can be realized and obtained through the following description. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the planar structure of an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 for Figure 2 Sectional view of AA; Figure 4 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a section at point B in the middle; Figure 5 for Figure 3 A magnified view of a section at point C; Figure 6 This is an exploded view of the irrigation device in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the water guide pipe in an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional structural diagram of the lifting rod in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0018] In the diagram: 1. Cotton planting strip; 2. Cumin planting strip; 3. Main pipe; 4. Branch pipe; 41. Dripper; 5. Water guide pipe; 51. Water outlet; 52. First through hole; 6. Lifting rod; 61. Strip hole; 62. Second through hole; 7. Threaded sleeve. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the accompanying drawings can generally be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0020] Therefore, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention provided in the accompanying drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the claimed invention, but merely to illustrate selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the invention.

[0021] It should be noted that similar labels and letters in the following figures indicate similar items. Therefore, once an item is defined in one figure, it does not need to be further defined and explained in subsequent figures.

[0022] In the above description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "one side," "the other side," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, or the orientation or positional relationship in which the product of the invention is conventionally placed during use. These terms are used only for the convenience of describing the present invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used only to distinguish descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0023] Furthermore, terms such as "identical" do not imply that components must be absolutely identical; minor differences are permissible. The term "perpendicular" simply means that the positional relationship between components is more perpendicular than "parallel," not that the structure must be perfectly perpendicular; a slight tilt is acceptable.

[0024] Please see Figure 1-8 This invention provides a technical solution: a method for intercropping cumin and cotton, comprising the following steps: S1. Site preparation: Adjust the terrain of the site to be flat, plow and fertilize to make the pH value < 8.0; S2. Intercropping: During the suitable sowing period for cotton, cotton and cumin are sown simultaneously in the same plot to establish a symbiotic system. S3. Mulch protection: Mulch is used for covering, and cotton planting strip 1 and cumin planting strip 2 are alternately set under each piece of mulch, with the cumin planting strip 2 located on the light-receiving side of the cotton planting strip 1. S4. Zoned Irrigation: Two independent irrigation systems are set up in the cotton planting zone 1 and the cumin planting zone 2 to carry out zoned water and fertilizer management for the cotton planting zone 1 and the cumin planting zone 2.

[0025] This plan utilizes cumin planted between cotton rows to fully leverage light and heat resources and land space, enabling two harvests a year and improving the overall economic benefits per unit area. Cumin has an early growth period and is harvested early, allowing it to grow at a staggered time with cotton in its early stages, reducing resource competition. Furthermore, cumin root exudates improve the soil microbial environment, allowing for nutrient rotation with cotton and contributing to soil fertility maintenance. Simultaneously, the later growth stages of cotton also suppress weeds, reducing field management costs.

[0026] Cumin and cotton have significantly different growth cycles. Cumin has a growth cycle of about 70 days, while cotton has a growth cycle of about 120-130 days. This allows them to grow at different times, reducing competition for resources. Because cumin plants are short and grow rapidly, they can cover the ground in the early stages of planting, reducing soil moisture evaporation and weed growth. Their root exudates can also inhibit cotton pests, helping to improve the field microenvironment.

[0027] In step S1, you can directly select plots of land that are relatively flat, with deep soil, loose texture, good permeability, medium to high fertility, good water and fertilizer retention, low salinity, pH value less than 8.0, and suitable for mechanized operations. Plots with cumin planted for less than two years and previous crops such as wheat or corn are preferred.

[0028] Cumin prefers neutral to slightly alkaline soils, but its tolerance to salinity and alkali is relatively weak. Although cumin has some drought tolerance, it is quite sensitive to soil salinity and alkali. When the soil pH is too high (>8.0, especially >8.5), the activity of harmful salt ions such as sodium ions in the soil increases, which directly causes physiological stress on cumin seed germination and root development, resulting in uneven emergence, seedling death, stunted plants, and a sharp reduction in yield.

[0029] During tilling, the amount of fertilizer applied needs to be adjusted according to the tilling depth. For example: Tillage depth is 28-30 cm, and apply 15-20 kg of diammonium phosphate and 10-15 kg of potassium sulfate per mu; If the tillage depth is less than 28 cm, apply 10 kg of diammonium phosphate per acre before harrowing, harrow shallowly to 10 cm, and then harrow deeply.

[0030] Winter irrigation to suppress salt and conserve soil moisture is also necessary, ideally completed before November 25th of the previous year, with an irrigation volume of 50-80 m³ per mu depending on soil moisture conditions. In early spring, when machinery can enter the fields, combine tillage machines should be used promptly for tillage, with tillage quality adhering to the six-character standard of "even, level, loose, broken, clean, and moist".

[0031] Before sowing, weed control should be carried out by spraying (150-200 mL of pendimethalin microcapsule suspension (450 g / L specification) per acre is diluted with 50 L of water for soil spraying). When spraying, avoid over-spraying or missing areas. After applying the pesticide, harrow the soil to mix it into the soil to a depth of 3-5 cm. Sowing can be carried out 24 hours later.

[0032] In step S2, cumin varieties should be selected that are early-maturing, lodging-resistant, have strong branching ability, and are resistant to root rot and wilt. Cumin seeds should be coated with a pesticide at least 14 days before sowing. Suitable pesticides include 25% metalaxyl-pyraclostrobin-thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension or 27.2% fluopyram-fluopyram-thiamethoxam seed treatment suspension, with a pesticide-to-seed ratio of 1:300-1:500. Cotton varieties should be selected that are medium-early maturing, compact, and disease-resistant, suitable for machine harvesting (coated commercial seeds).

[0033] The sowing pattern involves simultaneous sowing of cumin and cotton, with the optimal sowing period for cotton (e.g., early April, with cotton sowing in southern Xinjiang from April 1st to April 15th; in actual production, sowing gradually begins as early as the end of March) as the benchmark. Sowing should be done as early as possible within the optimal period. Existing technology seeders should be used for cumin sowing, such as cross-shaped or square-mouthed seed trays, with a sowing depth of 1-2 cm.

[0034] In step S3, a polyethylene mulch film with a thickness of not less than 0.01 mm is selected. The film should be laid with the wind at its back, slowly, flat, taut, firmly attached, and pressed tightly. The edges of the film should be sealed with soil. The mulch film mainly functions to increase soil temperature and retain moisture, improve soil structure, and prevent pests and diseases.

[0035] During its growth, cumin releases volatile substances (such as benzaldehyde and limonene), which can repel aphids to some extent. For example, the literature "Application of Cumin Essential Oil in the Control of Cotton Aphids" (2018) has recorded in detail the inhibitory effect of cumin essential oil on aphids. This is an existing mature technology, and its mechanism of action and the principle of repelling aphids will not be elaborated here.

[0036] By covering the cotton planting belt 1 and the cumin planting belt 2 together under the same mulch film, the volatile substances of cumin are stored in the mulch film coverage area, limiting diffusion loss, and acting on the cotton seedlings as they diffuse, thus constructing a bio-chemical composite protective barrier and reducing the amount of pesticides used during the symbiotic stage.

[0037] In step S4, cotton planting zone 1 and cumin planting zone 2 are irrigated separately using two independent irrigation systems to accommodate their different nutrient / water requirements.

[0038] During the cumin-cotton symbiotic stage (when the cumin is not yet mature and is harvested), the following operations need to be performed: When cumin seedlings emerge, if the soil moisture is insufficient, drip irrigation should be carried out once in time (15-20 m³ of water per acre). After emergence, cumin and cotton should be hardened off.

[0039] After the cumin seedlings emerge, apply drip irrigation once from the seedling stage to the bud stage (15-20 m³ of drip irrigation per acre). Apply 5-8 kg of urea, 3-5 kg ​​of monoammonium phosphate, 2-3 kg of potassium humate, and 5-8 kg of potassium sulfate with the irrigation water.

[0040] During the flowering and fruiting period of cumin, drip irrigation is carried out twice (15-20 m³ per acre) with the aim of controlling ineffective inflorescences. Drip irrigation is carried out once every 5-7 days, with 2-3 kg of urea, 3-5 kg ​​of monoammonium phosphate, and 2-3 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate applied with each irrigation.

[0041] During the cumin grain-filling stage / cotton budding stage, management focuses on cotton, using the presence of drought signs as the standard. Generally, drip irrigation is applied twice (using drip fertilization with irrigation water, one application of fertilizer per irrigation). The first drip irrigation should be done 10 days after the buds appear (20-25 m³ of water per acre), with 3 kg of urea and 2-3 kg of acidic high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer applied with the water. Apply a second drip irrigation fertilizer every 7-8 days (20-25 m³ of water per acre) to ensure the vigorous vegetative and reproductive growth of cotton plants during the flowering period. Apply 4 kg of urea and 2-3 kg of acidic high-phosphorus water-soluble fertilizer with the irrigation water.

[0042] During the cotton budding stage, i.e., the 6-7 leaf stage and the 10-11 leaf stage, apply chemical regulators twice, spraying 1-2g of chlormequat chloride per mu each time, to effectively control the internode length and prevent excessive growth of cotton.

[0043] Additionally, apply boron, zinc, and iron chelated micronutrient fertilizer once each during the cumin bud stage, flowering and fruiting stage, and grain enlargement and filling stage.

[0044] Regarding pest and disease control: For cumin, attention should be paid to the prevention and control of root rot and aphids. Crop rotation or spraying with matrine can be used. For cotton, the focus should be on preventing and controlling bollworms, aphids, and wilt. Sex pheromones, yellow sticky traps, and low-toxicity pesticides can be used for targeted control. Agricultural and biological control methods should be adopted to avoid pesticide damage to cumin.

[0045] Seedling stage – When root rot and wilt occur at an early stage, apply fungicides by foliar spraying. For example, use 33-40 mL of propiconazole EC (250 g / L) per acre, or 80-100 g of 80% zineb WP, or 10-12 g of 50% pyraclostrobin·microbial WP.

[0046] During the budding stage—when root rot or wilt occurs, apply pesticides via drip irrigation. For example, use 33-40 mL of propiconazole EC (250 g / L) per acre, or 80-100 g of 80% zineb WP, or 10-12 g of 50% pyraclostrobin·microbial WP, or 200-300 g of 20% sodium dichloroisocyanurate soluble powder, or 100 g of 56% thiophanate-methyl·hymexazol WP, or 200 mL of 30% hymexazol aqueous solution.

[0047] No disease or pest control operations should be carried out 20 days before cumin harvest to prevent pesticide residues from exceeding the standard.

[0048] Cumin harvest (early to mid-June): When 80% of the cumin plants in the field turn yellow and dry and the seeds harden (the stalks turn yellow), the whole cumin plant is pulled up by the roots and transported to the drying yard in time to dry and thresh. After threshing, it is cleaned and sold or stored.

[0049] During the single-growth stage of cotton (when cumin is mature and ready for harvest), the following operations need to be performed: During the flowering and boll-forming stage, apply appropriate amounts of nitrogen fertilizer, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and supplement with micronutrient fertilizers such as boron and zinc. During this period, drip irrigation is required 6-7 times (25-30 m³ of water per acre each time), with an interval of 7-8 days, not exceeding 10 days. Increase the frequency of drip irrigation during hot weather. Apply 3-5 kg ​​of urea per acre with each irrigation.

[0050] During the initial flowering period to the peak flowering period, apply 3-5 kg ​​of high-nitrogen and high-phosphorus fertilizer with each irrigation.

[0051] During the peak flowering and boll-forming period, apply 4-5 kg ​​of high-nitrogen and high-potassium fertilizer with each irrigation.

[0052] During the flowering and boll-forming stage, boron fertilizer can be sprayed and potassium dihydrogen phosphate drip-irrigated 1-2 times (100-150 g per acre each time). At the same time, micronutrient fertilizers (such as zinc sulfate, potassium sulfate, and boric acid) at a concentration of 0.1-0.3% can be sprayed.

[0053] Chemical regulation – Apply chemical regulation 1-2 times from flowering to topping. The first application is at the 12-13 leaf stage, using 2-3 g of mepiquat chloride per mu (0.067 hectares). For cotton fields with excessive growth, apply chemical regulation a second time at an appropriate time, using 2-3 g of mepiquat chloride per mu (0.067 hectares).

[0054] Topping should be carried out before July 10th, retaining 8-9 fruiting branches after topping, and controlling the natural height of the cotton plant to 80-85 cm. Chemical topping can be used when the number of fruiting branches per plant reaches more than 10 and the number of effective branches per mu reaches 110,000-120,000; manual topping should be used when the number of fruiting branches per plant is less than 9 and the number of effective branches per mu is less than 100,000.

[0055] Chemical control – Two chemical control measures are required after topping. The first is carried out 5-7 days after topping, using 5-7g of mepiquat chloride per mu; the second is carried out 8-10 days after topping, using 8-12g of mepiquat chloride per mu.

[0056] Based on the development of cotton bolls, fertilization should be stopped from August 15th to 20th, and drip irrigation should be stopped around August 25th. For cotton fields with vigorous growth, irrigation should be stopped earlier, while for fields with poor soil moisture retention, the cessation of drip irrigation should be appropriately postponed.

[0057] When the cotton boll opening rate reaches 30-40%, spray the defoliant on a sunny, windless day with a temperature above 20℃. The average daily temperature should be above 18℃ for 7 days after spraying. Defoliant spraying should be completed before September 15th. Use a boom sprayer with a divider when spraying the defoliant. The defoliant can be a mixture of thiamethoxam and ethephon for defoliation and ripening. If there are weather changes or the defoliation effect is poor, a second spraying operation should be carried out after an interval of approximately 5-7 days.

[0058] Regarding pest and disease control: It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and control of cotton aphids, cotton spider mites, cotton bollworms, cotton thrips, mirid bugs, wilt disease, and weeds such as black nightshade.

[0059] For bollworm control, the preferred biological pesticide is bollworm nucleopolyhedrovirus. Chemical pesticides such as emamectin benzoate and indoxacarb can be used in rotation. For cotton aphids, thrips, spider mites, and mirid bugs, pesticides should be applied during the budding stage, alternating between different pesticides. Before or at the initial appearance of boll disease, preventative spraying with aluminum phosphonate or polyoxin can be used, or preventative spraying before rain and timely spraying after rain can be applied during the flowering and boll-forming stage. Controlling thrips during the budding and young boll-forming stages can reduce boll disease incidence.

[0060] Cotton harvesting (late September to early October) should begin promptly when the defoliation rate reaches over 90% and the boll opening rate reaches over 95%. The harvesting speed of the cotton harvester should be controlled at 3.5-5.0 km / h; the ideal harvesting efficiency is >93%, with 3-5% residual cotton, 1-2% knocked-down cotton, seed cotton impurity content <10%, seed cotton moisture content ≤12%, and foreign fiber <0.3 g / t.

[0061] In this embodiment: In step S2, the suitable sowing period is: when the temperature at a depth of 5 cm underground is consistently higher than 12 ℃ for 3 consecutive days in spring, the sowing of cumin and cotton should be completed within 5 days, and no later than April 15.

[0062] In this scheme, the temperature threshold is the critical point for cotton seed germination. Sowing at this time ensures that cotton and cumin seeds germinate synchronously under suitable temperature conditions, improving the emergence rate and uniformity, and laying the foundation for building a balanced symbiotic system.

[0063] Cotton is a warm-season crop and is sensitive to germination temperature. 12℃ is the generally accepted critical soil temperature for cotton seeds to begin effective germination. Below this temperature, germination is slow, the emergence rate decreases significantly, and seeds are prone to rotting or weak seedlings.

[0064] The sowing depth of cotton seeds is mostly 2-4 cm, and the sowing depth of cumin seeds is mostly 1-2 cm. Both are less than 5 cm deep. Since the upper soil layer is more likely to receive heat from sunlight, the temperature of the upper soil layer is higher than that of the lower soil layer. By measuring the soil temperature at a depth of 5 cm, if it is exactly 12℃, the soil temperature above it is higher than 12℃. This depth of soil is used as the benchmark measurement point.

[0065] In this embodiment: In step S3, the width of the mulch film is 205 cm, and each mulch film covers six rows of cotton and four rows of cumin. The six cotton rows form three cotton planting belts 1, with a spacing of 66 cm between two adjacent cotton planting belts 1. Each cotton planting belt 1 contains two cotton rows with a row spacing of 10 cm. The four cumin rows form two cumin planting belts 2, and the two cumin planting belts 2 are located within a 66 cm gap between adjacent cotton planting belts 1. Each cumin planting belt 2 contains two cumin rows with a row spacing of 10 cm.

[0066] In this scheme, the row spacing configuration (66cm wide row and 10cm narrow row for cotton; 10cm row for cumin) is a precisely calculated structure that ensures basic lighting and mechanical passage for cotton while accurately embedding cumin within the wide cotton rows, achieving full utilization of sunlight, land, and mulch resources. It also provides ample lateral light exposure for the short-stalked cumin, preventing excessive shading by the cotton.

[0067] A planting strip consisting of two cotton rows / cumin rows is more efficient than a single cotton row / cumin row or multiple cotton rows / cumin rows forming a planting strip. This allows for full absorption of water and fertilizer from the irrigation system drip irrigation into the corresponding planting strip, reducing the risk of water and fertilizer waste or uneven distribution.

[0068] Currently, there are two mature and widely used planting models for cotton in Xinjiang: 66 cm wide rows + 10 cm narrow rows and 64 cm wide rows + 12 cm narrow rows. This planting method is based on the cotton wide-narrow row planting model (66 cm wide rows + 10 cm narrow rows), with the cumin planting strip 2 set within the wide row (66 cm) of the wide-narrow row planting model to maximize the use of land space and light and heat resources. Experiments were conducted to verify the cumin plant height, root depth, the adjustability of cotton sowing machinery, and the safe distance for cotton to be pulled up by the roots when harvesting cumin, and finally the row spacing configuration was determined.

[0069] In this embodiment: In step S4, the two irrigation systems are used to perform drip irrigation of water and fertilizer on cotton planting strip 1 and cumin planting strip 2 respectively, wherein the drip irrigation depth of cotton planting strip 1 is 30-50 cm and the drip irrigation depth of cumin planting strip 2 is 20-30 cm.

[0070] In this scheme, three-dimensional differentiated drip irrigation is carried out on cotton planting belt 1 and cumin planting belt 2 to accurately correspond to the main root distribution layers of cotton (deep root system) and cumin (shallow root system), so as to directly deliver water and fertilizer to the root zone of the target crop, reduce the loss caused by seepage or evaporation to deeper layers, and improve water and fertilizer utilization efficiency.

[0071] At the same time, by utilizing three-dimensional differentiated drip irrigation, the spatial distance between two adjacent drip irrigation zones within the soil is increased, reducing the risk of different drugs / fertilizers migrating between the two drip irrigation zones and having a reverse effect on another plant.

[0072] The depth of drip irrigation is influenced by various factors, including soil texture, irrigation water volume, crop type and growth stage, climate conditions, and groundwater level. For shallow-rooted crops, such as cumin, whose roots are mainly distributed in the surface layer, a drip irrigation depth of 20-30 cm is sufficient, requiring small-volume, high-frequency irrigation. For deep-rooted crops, such as cotton, whose roots penetrate deep into the soil, a drip irrigation depth of 30-50 cm or deeper is needed, requiring large-volume, low-frequency irrigation.

[0073] An irrigation system for the above-mentioned intercropping of cumin and cotton includes a main pipe 3 and multiple branch pipes 4 arranged along the length of the main pipe 3, wherein the multiple branch pipes 4 correspond one-to-one with multiple cotton planting strips 1 or multiple cumin planting strips 2. One end of the branch pipe 4 is connected to the inside of the main pipe 3, and the other end is laid in the corresponding planting strip; The branch pipe 4 is provided with a plurality of drippers 41, and each of the drippers 41 is provided with a vertical water guide pipe 5. The top end of the water pipe 5 is connected to the inside of the dripper 41, and the other end is inserted into the soil. The side wall of the water pipe 5 is provided with a water outlet 51.

[0074] In this scheme, the main pipe 3 is used to connect with the water source. Water is driven into the main pipe 3 by a water pump or other power source and delivered to the branch pipe 4. The branch pipe 4 extends along the length of the corresponding planting strip so that several drippers 41 on it cover the entire planting strip, enabling simultaneous drip irrigation of the entire planting strip area.

[0075] The bottom end of the water pipe 5 is inserted into the soil, and the dripper 41 is connected to the top end of the water pipe 5. The water pipe 5 is used to guide the water and fertilizer dripped from the dripper 41 into a specific depth of the soil, and enter the soil through the water outlet 51, so as to achieve the purpose of direct drip irrigation of the soil at a specific depth.

[0076] A drip irrigation device for the above-mentioned irrigation system includes a water guide pipe 5 and a lifting rod 6 embedded in the water guide pipe 5. The lifting rod 6 and the water guide pipe 5 slide in the vertical direction and are sealed together. An adjustment part for driving the lifting rod 6 to slide is provided between the lifting rod 6 and the water guide pipe 5. The top side wall of the water guide pipe 5 has a first through hole 52. The lifting rod 6 has a hollow structure. The side wall of the lifting rod 6 facing the first through hole 52 has a strip hole 61 extending in the vertical direction. The water outlet end of the dripper 41 passes through the first through hole 52 and the strip hole 61 in sequence and extends into the lifting rod 6. The bottom side wall of the lifting rod 6 has a second through hole 62 that connects the inside and outside of the lifting rod 6, and the water outlet 51 of the water guide pipe 5 is located on the movement trajectory of the second through hole 62.

[0077] In this design, the first through hole 52 is used for the dripper 41 to pass through. After the dripper 41 is removed from the first through hole 52, the water pipe 5 and the drip irrigation device can be pulled out from the soil to facilitate the maintenance and replacement of each component, or to clear the holes through which water and fertilizer need to pass.

[0078] The lifting rod 6 is embedded in the water guide pipe 5, and its bottom end slides and seals with the inside of the water guide pipe 5 (a sealing gasket can be fitted on the contact surface). The second through hole 62 is provided on the side of the lifting rod 6 that mates with the water guide pipe 5. The bottom end of the lifting rod 6 divides the inside of the water guide pipe 5 into upper and lower areas, and the water-fertilizer solution in the upper area cannot directly enter the lower area. The upper area can be used to collect the water-fertilizer solution dripping from the dripper 41. The strip-shaped hole 61 of the lifting rod 6 serves as a notch to avoid the dripper 41, allowing the lifting rod 6 to slide normally inside the water guide pipe 5.

[0079] That is, when the second through hole 62 is opposite to the water outlet hole 51, a channel is formed for the water and fertilizer solution collected in the upper area of ​​the water guide pipe 5 to enter the soil, enabling drip irrigation; when the second through hole 62 is misaligned with the water outlet hole 51, the channel can be blocked, stopping the deep precision drip irrigation in the drip irrigation area.

[0080] In this embodiment: the top and bottom of the water guide pipe 5 are both open hollow structures, and the outer edge of the bottom surface of the water guide pipe 5 is beveled.

[0081] In this design, the bottom end of the water pipe 5 is pointed to facilitate insertion into the soil; the center of its bottom end is open to facilitate the processing of the installation hole for the water pipe 5, thereby reducing the risk of soil compaction caused by the water pipe 5 being directly embedded in the soil.

[0082] In this embodiment: a plurality of water outlet holes 51 are provided on the side wall of the water guide pipe 5. The plurality of water outlet holes 51 are arranged in a vertical direction, and the plurality of water outlet holes 51 are all located on the movement trajectory of the second through hole 62.

[0083] In this design, the diameter of the water outlet 51 must be larger than the diameter of the dripper 41 so that the fertilizer solution dripping from the dripper 41 can be quickly discharged from the water outlet 51, reducing the risk of water accumulation in the upper part of the water pipe 5.

[0084] By setting multiple water outlets 51 along the length (vertical direction) of the water pipe 5, multiple drip irrigation depths can be covered. That is, by driving the lifting rod 6 to slide up and down, the second through hole 62 is slid to be opposite to the target water outlet 51, and the soil at the depth corresponding to the water outlet 51 can be drip-irrigated. The drip irrigation depth can be flexibly adjusted, making the drip irrigation device highly practical.

[0085] In this embodiment: the adjustment part includes a threaded sleeve 7 that is sleeved on the top end of the water guide pipe 5 and rotates with the water guide pipe 5. The threaded sleeve 7 is also sleeved on the top end of the lifting rod 6 and is connected by a threaded engagement.

[0086] In this design, the threaded sleeve 7 is fitted onto the top of the water guide pipe 5, supporting the threaded sleeve 7 so that it can only rotate on its own axis. The threaded sleeve 7 is threadedly connected to the lifting rod 6. With the rotation of the lifting rod 6 restricted, simply rotating the threaded sleeve 7 allows the lifting rod 6 to slide up and down. Furthermore, measuring the length of the section of the lifting rod 6 protruding from the top surface of the threaded sleeve 7 is sufficient to determine the position of the second through hole 62 and adjust the drip irrigation depth. Alternatively, graduations can be evenly marked along the length of the lifting rod 6's top sidewall to quickly read the height of the second through hole 62 relative to the water guide pipe 5.

[0087] Furthermore, the external thread at the top of the lifting rod 6 extends through its top surface. By rotating the threaded sleeve 7, the lifting rod 6 can be completely passed through the threaded hole of the threaded sleeve 7 and removed through the bottom end of the water guide pipe 5, further facilitating maintenance and replacement. This irrigation device features a simple structure, convenient operation, and easy maintenance.

[0088] In this embodiment: the bottom end of the lifting rod 6 is prismatic, and the interior of the water guide pipe 5 is adapted to the bottom of the lifting rod 6 and is slidably fitted.

[0089] In this design, the bottom end of the lifting rod 6 is prismatic and is inserted into the water pipe 5 for sliding engagement with the water pipe 5, so that the lifting rod 6 can only slide in the vertical direction within the water pipe 5.

[0090] The top opening of the lifting rod 6 connects to its interior, allowing for the direct injection of pesticides or fertilizers into the plant. This enables individual treatment / fertilization of the roots of seedlings near the irrigation device, achieving precise control based on the growth differences of various seedlings. This irrigation device can provide uniform drip irrigation with water and fertilizer as part of the overall irrigation system, while also enabling differentiated and precise fertilization / treatment, making it highly practical.

[0091] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, and all such modifications or substitutions should be covered within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for intercropping cumin and cotton, characterized in that: It comprises the following steps: S1, plot preparation: adjust the plot topography to flat, ploughing and fertilizing, so that pH value < 8.0; S2, intercropping seeding: in the suitable sowing period of cotton, cotton and cumin are sown in the same plot at the same time to establish a symbiotic system; S3, mulching: using mulch, and alternately arranging cotton planting zone (1) and cumin planting zone (2) under each mulch, the cumin planting zone (2) is located on the light side of the cotton planting zone (1); S4, zoning irrigation: setting up two independent irrigation systems in the cotton planting zone (1) and cumin planting zone (2) to manage water and fertilizer in the cotton planting zone (1) and cumin planting zone (2) by zoning.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein: In step S2, the suitable sowing period is: when the underground temperature at 5 cm is continuously higher than 12 ℃ for 3 days, the sowing of cumin and cotton is completed within 5 days, and the latest time is not more than April 15.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method of intercropping cumin with cotton comprises the steps of: In step S3, the width of the mulch is 205 cm, and each mulch covers six cotton rows and four cumin rows; Six cotton rows form three cotton planting zones (1), and the distance between adjacent two cotton planting zones (1) is 66 cm, each cotton planting zone (1) contains two cotton rows, and the row spacing is 10 cm; Four cumin rows form two cumin planting zones (2), and the two cumin planting zones (2) are respectively located in the 66 cm gap between adjacent cotton planting zones (1), and each cumin planting zone (2) contains two cumin rows, and the row spacing is 10 cm.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method of intercropping cumin with cotton comprises the steps of: In step S4, two irrigation systems are used to drip irrigation of water and fertilizer in the cotton planting zone (1) and cumin planting zone (2), respectively, wherein the drip irrigation depth of the cotton planting zone (1) is 30-50 cm, and the drip irrigation depth of the cumin planting zone (2) is 20-30 cm.

5. An irrigation system for use in the method of intercropping cumin and cotton according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: It comprises a main pipe (3) and a plurality of branch pipes (4) arranged along the length direction of the main pipe (3), and the plurality of branch pipes (4) correspond to the plurality of cotton planting zones (1) or the plurality of cumin planting zones (2) one by one; One end of the branch pipe (4) is in communication with the inside of the main pipe (3), and the other end is laid in the corresponding planting zone; A plurality of drip heads (41) are arranged on the branch pipe (4), and a water guide pipe (5) in vertical state is arranged on each drip head (41); The top end of the water guide pipe (5) is in communication with the inside of the drip head (41), the other end is inserted into the soil, and the side wall of the water guide pipe (5) is provided with a water outlet hole (51).

6. A drip irrigation device for use in the irrigation system of claim 5, characterized by: It comprises a water guide pipe (5) and a lifting rod (6) embedded in the water guide pipe (5), the lifting rod (6) and the water guide pipe (5) slide and seal in the vertical direction, and an adjusting part is arranged between the lifting rod (6) and the water guide pipe (5) for driving the lifting rod (6) to slide; A first through hole (52) is formed in the top end side wall of the water guide pipe (5), the lifting rod (6) is in hollow structure, a strip-shaped hole (61) extending in the vertical direction is formed in the side wall of the lifting rod (6) facing the first through hole (52), and the water outlet end of the drip head (41) extends into the lifting rod (6) through the first through hole (52) and the strip-shaped hole (61) in sequence; The bottom side wall of the lifting rod (6) is provided with a second through hole (62) for communication between the inside and outside of the lifting rod (6), and the water outlet hole (51) of the water guide pipe (5) is located on the movement track of the second through hole (62).

7. The drip irrigation device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The top end and the bottom end of the water guide pipe (5) are open hollow structures, and the outer circular edge of the bottom surface of the water guide pipe (5) is inclined.

8. The drip irrigation device according to claim 6, characterized in that: A plurality of water outlet holes (51) are arranged on the side wall of the water guide pipe (5), the plurality of water outlet holes (51) are arranged in the vertical direction, and the plurality of water outlet holes (51) are located on the movement track of the second through hole (62).

9. The drip irrigation device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The adjusting part comprises a threaded sleeve (7) sleeved on the top end of the water guide pipe (5) and in rotational cooperation with the water guide pipe (5), the threaded sleeve (7) is also sleeved on the top end of the lifting rod (6), and is connected through threaded cooperation.

10. The drip irrigation device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The bottom end of the lifting rod (6) is prismatic, the inside of the water guide pipe (5) is matched with the bottom part of the lifting rod (6), and is in sliding cooperation.

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