Broiler chicken abdominal fat physical character regulation method, feed formula and application

Abstract

The invention discloses a regulation and control method for physical properties of abdominal fat of broilers, a feed formula and application. According to the regulation and control method or the feed formula, regulation and control of the physical properties of the abdominal fat are achieved by regulating and controlling the adding proportion of cottonseed oil in the feed formula in the pre-slaughtering stage of the broilers. According to the method, directional and controllable adjustment of physical properties of abdominal fat is realized by utilizing a key time window of a stage before large chickens are slaughtered and performing interval control on the adding proportion of cottonseed oil. The method is clear in process, clear in parameter, good in operability and suitable for large-scale broiler chicken breeding production. Moreover, the method enables the physical property regulation and control of abdominal fat to be more accurate, does not affect the normal production performance of the broiler chickens, is simple and easy to operate, and is suitable for large-scale application.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of poultry feed technology, and in particular to a method for regulating the physical properties of abdominal fat in broilers, a feed formulation, and its application. Background Technology

[0002] In large-scale broiler farming and slaughtering, abdominal fat, as an important fat deposition tissue, significantly influences slaughtering operations, product shaping, and appearance stability through its physical properties. The physical properties of abdominal fat primarily refer to its texture (softness and hardness), specifically its shear strength. Unsuitable physical properties of abdominal fat lead to poor sensory evaluation by consumers and can easily result in poor shaping, insufficient stability, or inconvenience during processing, thus affecting product sales, product quality, and processing efficiency.

[0003] In fast-growing yellow-feathered broilers, due to their rapid growth rate and concentrated fat deposition, the physical properties of abdominal fat are more sensitive to the type and method of dietary oil addition. Different oils have different physicochemical properties. If a single oil source is used for a long period or throughout the entire growth cycle, it can easily lead to a deviation in the physical properties of abdominal fat, resulting in either a softer or harder texture, both of which are detrimental to slaughtering, processing, and quality stability.

[0004] Currently, existing broiler farming and feed nutrition regulation technologies primarily focus on using a single type of oilseed throughout the entire growth cycle, or simply adjusting the amount of oil added to influence fat deposition characteristics. Existing technologies generally do not adequately consider the different responses of fast-growing yellow-feathered broilers to oil type and addition ratios at different growth stages. This makes it difficult to achieve targeted regulation of abdominal fat physical properties while ensuring normal growth performance, specifically manifesting in the following shortcomings: 1. Lack of refined control methods for different growth stages: Existing technologies usually do not distinguish the physiological differences of fast-growing yellow-feathered broilers in the early growth stage, rapid growth stage and pre-slaughter stage, making it difficult to achieve targeted regulation of abdominal fat physical properties.

[0005] 2. Insufficient stability of abdominal fat physical properties: When a single source of fat is used throughout the entire process or for a long period of time, the abdominal fat may become too soft or too hard, which will have an adverse effect on shaping, cutting and handling during slaughtering and processing, and will also affect the sensory evaluation during sales.

[0006] 3. Limited control methods and lack of flexibility: Existing technologies mostly achieve control by changing the type of oil or roughly adjusting the amount added, lacking technical solutions that can be adjusted in stages and directions according to production needs.

[0007] The reasons for the above-mentioned drawbacks in existing technology are as follows: 1. The different responses of different growth stages to the type and proportion of oil have not been fully considered: The fat deposition rate and tissue physicochemical properties of fast-growing yellow-feathered broilers vary significantly at different growth stages, and the existing technology has not been designed specifically for these stage differences.

[0008] 2. Neglecting the crucial influence of the pre-slaughter stage on the formation of abdominal fat physical properties: Existing technologies mostly regulate the even distribution of fat throughout the entire growth cycle, without identifying and utilizing the pre-slaughter stage as a key window for regulating abdominal fat physical properties.

[0009] 3. The technical objectives focus on energy supply rather than the control of abdominal fat physical properties: Existing solutions are mostly aimed at meeting energy requirements, and pay insufficient attention to the control of processing-related physical properties such as abdominal fat hardness and shear force.

[0010] Therefore, there is an urgent need to provide a new technical solution to regulate the physical properties of abdominal fat in broilers. Summary of the Invention

[0011] The purpose of this invention is to provide a method, feed formulation and application for regulating the physical properties of abdominal fat in broilers. By rationally regulating the type and proportion of dietary oils at different growth stages, the physical properties of abdominal fat can be kept within a suitable range without affecting the normal growth performance of broilers, so as to meet the requirements of slaughtering, processing and quality stability.

[0012] According to a first aspect of the present invention, a method for regulating the physical properties of abdominal fat in broilers is provided. This method regulates the physical properties of abdominal fat by adjusting the proportion of cottonseed oil added before the broilers are slaughtered. This method allows the physical properties of abdominal fat to be kept within a suitable range without affecting the normal growth performance of the broilers, thereby meeting the requirements for slaughtering, processing, and quality stability.

[0013] In some implementations, the pre-market stage refers to the feeding stage from day 56 to day 78.

[0014] In some implementations, when it is necessary to reduce the abdominal fat hardness of broilers, the proportion of cottonseed oil added is controlled to be no more than 1.0% of the diet weight; when it is necessary to increase the abdominal fat hardness of broilers, the proportion of cottonseed oil added is controlled to be 1.0–3.0% of the diet weight.

[0015] In some embodiments, the control method adjusts abdominal fat hardness by blending cottonseed oil with other oils, including soybean oil, rice bran oil, or oils with a similar fatty acid composition to soybean oil or rice bran oil.

[0016] In some embodiments, the optimal physical properties of the abdominal fat refer to the most suitable texture and hardness, and the abdominal fat shear force being between 8 and 17 N.

[0017] In some embodiments, the method includes feeding broilers with different feed formulations for different stages of their rearing process. Chick stage: Feed the chicks with the following feed formula from day 1 to day 25, calculated by weight: sorghum 60 parts, soybean meal 29 parts, rapeseed meal 5 parts, cottonseed oil 2.5 parts, limestone powder 1.3 parts, dicalcium phosphate 1 part, premix 0.5 parts, sodium chloride 0.2 parts, lysine sulfate 0.2 parts, methionine salt 0.15 parts, threonine salt 0.05 parts, choline chloride 0.05 parts, and antifungal agent 0.05 parts. Medium-sized chicken stage: Feed the chickens with the following feed formula from day 26 to day 55, calculated by weight: sorghum 65 parts, soybean meal 17 parts, rapeseed meal 8 parts, cottonseed oil 4.7 parts, limestone powder 2.5 parts, dicalcium phosphate 1.2 parts, premix 0.5 parts, sodium chloride 0.3 parts, lysine sulfate 0.4 parts, methionine salt 0.2 parts, threonine salt 0.1 parts, choline chloride 0.05 parts, and antifungal agent 0.05 parts. During the fattening stage of adult chickens: Feed them with the following formula from day 56 to 78 of rearing, calculated by weight: sorghum 67 parts, soybean meal 14 parts, rapeseed meal 10 parts, cottonseed oil 0-3 parts, soybean oil 5-2 parts, limestone powder 1.3 parts, dicalcium phosphate 1 part, premix 0.5 parts, sodium chloride 0.3 parts, lysine sulfate 0.5 parts, methionine salt 0.2 parts, threonine salt 0.1 parts, choline chloride 0.05 parts, and mold inhibitor 0.05 parts.

[0018] In some embodiments, the total amount of cottonseed oil and soybean oil added to the feed formula for the broiler slaughter stage is 5 parts (for example, when cottonseed oil is 0 parts, soybean oil is 5 parts; when cottonseed oil is 1 part, soybean oil is 4 parts; when cottonseed oil is 2 parts, soybean oil is 3 parts; when cottonseed oil is 3 parts, soybean oil is 2 parts): when it is necessary to increase the hardness of the abdominal fat of broilers, the proportion of cottonseed oil added is increased; when it is necessary to decrease the hardness of the abdominal fat of broilers, the proportion of cottonseed oil added is decreased.

[0019] According to a second aspect of the invention, the aforementioned control method is provided for the application of controlling the physical properties of abdominal fat in fast-growing yellow-feathered broilers. Thus, through this application, the texture, i.e., hardness, of the abdominal fat in fast-growing yellow-feathered broilers can be controlled to a suitable range, specifically, the abdominal fat shear force is within the range of 8-17 N. This allows the physical properties of the abdominal fat to be within a suitable range to meet the requirements of slaughtering, processing, and quality stability.

[0020] In some embodiments, the physical properties of abdominal fat refer to its hardness.

[0021] According to a third aspect of the present invention, a feed formulation for regulating the physical properties of abdominal fat in broilers is provided, the feed formulation comprising three different formulations for feeding broilers at different growth stages, the feed formulation being calculated by weight parts as follows: Feed formula for chicks during days 1-25: 60 parts sorghum, 29 parts soybean meal, 5 parts rapeseed meal, 2.5 parts cottonseed oil, 1.3 parts limestone powder, 1 part dicalcium phosphate, 0.5 parts premix, 0.2 parts sodium chloride, 0.2 parts lysine sulfate, 0.15 parts methionine, 0.05 parts threonine, 0.05 parts choline chloride, and 0.05 parts antifungal agent; Feed formula for medium-sized chickens during days 26-55: 65 parts sorghum, 17 parts soybean meal, 8 parts rapeseed meal, 4.7 parts cottonseed oil, 2.5 parts limestone powder, 1.2 parts dicalcium phosphate, 0.5 parts premix, 0.3 parts sodium chloride, 0.4 parts lysine sulfate, 0.2 parts methionine, 0.1 parts threonine, 0.05 parts choline chloride, and 0.05 parts antifungal agent; Feed formulation for broiler chickens aged 56-78 days (market age): 67 parts sorghum, 14 parts soybean meal, 10 parts rapeseed meal, 0-3 parts cottonseed oil, 5-2 parts soybean oil, 1.3 parts limestone powder, 1 part dicalcium phosphate, 0.5 parts premix, 0.3 parts sodium chloride, 0.5 parts lysine sulfate, 0.2 parts methionine, 0.1 parts threonine, 0.05 parts choline chloride, and 0.05 parts mold inhibitor. Therefore, feeding this feed formulation according to different growth stages of broilers can keep the physical properties of abdominal fat within a suitable range to meet the requirements of slaughtering, processing, and quality stability.

[0022] In some embodiments, the total amount of cottonseed oil and soybean oil added to the feed formula for the broiler slaughtering stage (days 56-78) is 5 parts (for example, when cottonseed oil is 0 parts, soybean oil is 5 parts; when cottonseed oil is 1 part, soybean oil is 4 parts; when cottonseed oil is 2 parts, soybean oil is 3 parts; when cottonseed oil is 3 parts, soybean oil is 2 parts): when it is necessary to increase the hardness of the broiler abdominal fat, the proportion of cottonseed oil added is increased; when it is necessary to decrease the hardness of the broiler abdominal fat, the proportion of cottonseed oil added is decreased.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: This invention utilizes the critical time window before broiler chickens reach market weight, and achieves targeted and controllable regulation of the physical properties of abdominal fat by controlling the proportion of cottonseed oil added in intervals. The method has a clear process and well-defined parameters, exhibiting good operability and suitability for large-scale broiler chicken farming. Furthermore, this regulation method also possesses the following advantages: 1. The physical properties of abdominal fat can be regulated more precisely.

[0024] This advantage stems from the fact that the present invention employs a technique of controlling and regulating the proportion of cottonseed oil in a specific range during the pre-market stage of hen slaughter.

[0025] 2. It does not affect the normal production performance of broilers.

[0026] This advantage stems from the fact that while regulating the physical properties of abdominal fat, the present invention maintains consistent dietary metabolizable energy and major nutrient levels at all growth stages.

[0027] 3. The method is simple and suitable for large-scale application.

[0028] This advantage stems from the fact that the invention only adjusts the type and proportion of oil in the diet, without involving complex equipment or additional processes, making it easy to implement under large-scale farming conditions. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments. These embodiments will help those skilled in the art to further understand the present invention, but do not limit the invention in any way. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make several changes and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the scope of protection of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, the chemical substances, proteins, enzymes, or reagent kits used in the present invention are all commercially available.

[0030] I. Overall Process Description (Method and Flow).

[0031] The method of this invention mainly includes the following steps: 1. Oil regulation during the early growth stage (1-25 days old); 2. Oil regulation during the rapid growth phase (26-55 days old); 3. Oil regulation before slaughter (56-78 days old); 4. Formation and regulation of the physical properties of abdominal fat.

[0032] The above steps are carried out continuously within the same aquaculture system, with each stage seamlessly connected, requiring no additional equipment or complex processes.

[0033] II. Static structural description of oil regulation methods at each stage.

[0034] 1. Oil regulation in the early growth stage (1-25 days old).

[0035] In the early growth stage of fast-growing yellow-feathered broilers, cottonseed oil (the primary oil) is added to the basal diet to meet the energy requirements of the broilers in this early growth stage. The oil addition method at this stage aims to ensure normal growth, without specifically controlling the physical properties of abdominal fat.

[0036] 2. Oil regulation during the rapid growth phase (26-55 days old).

[0037] During the rapid growth phase, the method of oil supplementation used in the early growth phase can be continued, or, while maintaining consistent levels of metabolizable energy, crude protein, and major nutrients in the diet, a blend of the primary oil and the secondary oil (which may include soybean oil, rice bran oil, or other oils with similar fatty acid compositions) can be added. The primary focus during this phase is to ensure the broiler's continued growth, and no significant intervention is made regarding the physical properties of abdominal fat.

[0038] 3. Oil regulation before slaughter (key regulation stage) (56-78 days old).

[0039] In the pre-slaughter stage, the type and proportion of oils in the diet are carefully controlled. This stage is a critical window for the formation and stabilization of abdominal fat physical properties. By controlling the proportion of cottonseed oil in a range and blending it with a second oil, the hardness of abdominal fat can be directionally adjusted. a. When it is necessary to reduce abdominal fat hardness, the proportion of cottonseed oil added should be controlled to no more than 1.0% of the diet weight, and the fat needs of broilers at this stage should be supplemented with a second oil. b. When it is necessary to increase abdominal fat hardness, the proportion of cottonseed oil added should be controlled at 1.0-3.0% of the diet weight, and the fat needs of broilers at this stage should be supplemented with a second oil.

[0040] Through the above methods, the physical properties of abdominal fat can be gradually adjusted to the target range (such as shear force of 8-17N) before slaughter.

[0041] III. Comparative Explanation of the Dynamic Implementation Process under Different Oil and Fat Regulation Methods

[0042] To verify the effectiveness of the above-mentioned phased oil regulation method, different oil regulation methods were compared and implemented under the same aquaculture conditions. The technical process and results are as follows.

[0043] 1. Yellow-feathered broiler chicken breeding and management.

[0044] One-day-old (±2) hens were selected for all the example experiments. There was one treatment group for each of Examples 1 and 2, and four treatment groups for Example 3. Each treatment group had five replicates, and each replicate had 100 chickens.

[0045] All chickens were raised on the ground with free access to feed and water. Except for the diet, all other feeding and management conditions (temperature, humidity, ventilation, feeding time, lighting, etc.) were the same for each treatment group. All chickens were fed in three stages: chick stage (1-25 days), medium-sized chicken stage (26-55 days), and large chicken slaughter stage (56-78 days).

[0046] 2. Measurement indicators and methods.

[0047] After each stage of broiler rearing, the chickens were weighed and their production performance (average daily weight gain, average daily feed intake, feed conversion ratio, and survival rate) was calculated. After slaughter, 10 chickens from each treatment group were selected for sample testing based on the average weight of each pen. Abdominal fat was taken from one side for abdominal fat shear force measurement. The physical properties of abdominal fat mainly refer to its texture (softness and hardness), specifically manifested in shear force, which is primarily assessed through abdominal fat shear force measurement.

[0048] Abdominal fat shear force measurement: Abdominal fat samples were sheared using a texture analyzer (Stable Micro Systems, UK) equipped with a Warner-Bratzler shearing device. The maximum shear force during the shearing process was recorded as an indicator of abdominal fat shear force.

[0049] Example 1: The entire process uses a single oil with a high degree of unsaturation for regulation.

[0050] Throughout the entire breeding cycle, the broiler diet was supplemented with soybean oil as the main oil source, and the metabolizable energy, crude protein, and major nutrient levels of the diet remained consistent across all growth stages. This implementation method represents the existing technology that uses a single, highly unsaturated oil throughout the entire breeding process.

[0051] Use the following feed formulation (all by weight) to feed yellow-feathered broilers: Chick stage (1-25 days): 60 parts sorghum, 29 parts soybean meal, 5 parts rapeseed meal, 2.5 parts soybean oil, 1.3 parts limestone powder, 1 part dicalcium phosphate, 0.5 parts premix, 0.2 parts sodium chloride, 0.2 parts lysine sulfate, 0.15 parts methionine, 0.05 parts threonine, 0.05 parts choline chloride, and 0.05 parts antifungal agent.

[0052] Medium-sized chicken stage (26-55 days): 65 parts sorghum, 17 parts soybean meal, 8 parts rapeseed meal, 4.7 parts soybean oil, 2.5 parts limestone powder, 1.2 parts dicalcium phosphate, 0.5 parts premix, 0.3 parts sodium chloride, 0.4 parts lysine sulfate, 0.2 parts methionine, 0.1 parts threonine, 0.05 parts choline chloride, and 0.05 parts antifungal agent.

[0053] Chickens at market age (56-78 days): 67 parts sorghum, 14 parts soybean meal, 10 parts rapeseed meal, 5 parts soybean oil, 1.3 parts limestone powder, 1 part dicalcium phosphate, 0.5 parts premix, 0.3 parts sodium chloride, 0.5 parts lysine sulfate, 0.2 parts methionine, 0.1 parts threonine, 0.05 parts choline chloride, and 0.05 parts antifungal agent.

[0054] Example 2: A control method that uses cottonseed oil as the main source of oil throughout the process.

[0055] Throughout the entire breeding cycle, cottonseed oil was added to the broiler diet as the main source of oil, and other feeding and management conditions were the same as in Example 1. This implementation method represents the existing technology of using cottonseed oil as the main source of oil throughout the entire breeding process.

[0056] Use the following feed formulation (all by weight) to feed yellow-feathered broilers: Chick stage (1-25 days): 60 parts sorghum, 29 parts soybean meal, 5 parts rapeseed meal, 2.5 parts cottonseed oil, 1.3 parts limestone powder, 1 part dicalcium phosphate, 0.5 parts premix, 0.2 parts sodium chloride, 0.2 parts lysine sulfate, 0.15 parts methionine, 0.05 parts threonine, 0.05 parts choline chloride, and 0.05 parts antifungal agent.

[0057] Medium-sized chicken stage (26-55 days): 65 parts sorghum, 17 parts soybean meal, 8 parts rapeseed meal, 4.7 parts cottonseed oil, 2.5 parts limestone powder, 1.2 parts dicalcium phosphate, 0.5 parts premix, 0.3 parts sodium chloride, 0.4 parts lysine sulfate, 0.2 parts methionine, 0.1 parts threonine, 0.05 parts choline chloride, and 0.05 parts antifungal agent.

[0058] Chickens at market age (56-78 days): 67 parts sorghum, 14 parts soybean meal, 10 parts rapeseed meal, 5 parts cottonseed oil, 1.3 parts limestone powder, 1 part dicalcium phosphate, 0.5 parts premix, 0.3 parts sodium chloride, 0.5 parts lysine sulfate, 0.2 parts methionine, 0.1 parts threonine, 0.05 parts choline chloride, and 0.05 parts antifungal agent.

[0059] Example 3: Feeding method for regulating the physical properties of chicken abdominal fat.

[0060] During the early growth stage (1-25 days old) and the rapid growth stage (26-55 days old), broiler diets are fed with the primary oil (cottonseed oil). Before slaughter (56-78 days old), the oil composition of the diet is regulated by controlling the proportion of cottonseed oil added and supplementing it with a secondary oil (other oils besides cottonseed oil, such as soybean oil, rice bran oil, or other oils with a similar fatty acid composition to soybean oil or rice bran oil) to achieve targeted regulation of the physical properties of abdominal fat.

[0061] Four treatment groups were established during the fattening stage of the chickens: Treatment Group 1 involved replacing all dietary oils with soybean oil; Treatment Group 2 involved controlling the addition of cottonseed oil at 1% and soybean oil at 4%; Treatment Group 3 involved controlling the addition of cottonseed oil at 2% and soybean oil at 3%; and Treatment Group 4 involved controlling the addition of cottonseed oil at 3% and soybean oil at 2%. The metabolizable energy, crude protein, and major nutrient levels of the diets remained consistent across all growth stages, and all other feeding and management conditions were the same.

[0062] Treatment group 1 was fed yellow-feathered broilers using the following feed formulation (all by weight): Chick stage (1-25 days): 60 parts sorghum, 29 parts soybean meal, 5 parts rapeseed meal, 2.5 parts cottonseed oil, 1.3 parts limestone powder, 1 part dicalcium phosphate, 0.5 parts premix, 0.2 parts sodium chloride, 0.2 parts lysine sulfate, 0.15 parts methionine, 0.05 parts threonine, 0.05 parts choline chloride, and 0.05 parts antifungal agent.

[0063] Medium-sized chicken stage (26-55 days): 65 parts sorghum, 17 parts soybean meal, 8 parts rapeseed meal, 4.7 parts cottonseed oil, 2.5 parts limestone powder, 1.2 parts dicalcium phosphate, 0.5 parts premix, 0.3 parts sodium chloride, 0.4 parts lysine sulfate, 0.2 parts methionine, 0.1 parts threonine, 0.05 parts choline chloride, and 0.05 parts antifungal agent.

[0064] Chickens at market age (56-78 days): 67 parts sorghum, 14 parts soybean meal, 10 parts rapeseed meal, 5 parts soybean oil, 1.3 parts limestone powder, 1 part dicalcium phosphate, 0.5 parts premix, 0.3 parts sodium chloride, 0.5 parts lysine sulfate, 0.2 parts methionine, 0.1 parts threonine, 0.05 parts choline chloride, and 0.05 parts antifungal agent.

[0065] Treatment Group 2: Yellow-feathered broilers were fed the following feed formulation (all by weight): Chick stage (1-25 days): 60 parts sorghum, 29 parts soybean meal, 5 parts rapeseed meal, 2.5 parts cottonseed oil, 1.3 parts limestone powder, 1 part dicalcium phosphate, 0.5 parts premix, 0.2 parts sodium chloride, 0.2 parts lysine sulfate, 0.15 parts methionine, 0.05 parts threonine, 0.05 parts choline chloride, and 0.05 parts antifungal agent.

[0066] Medium-sized chicken stage (26-55 days): 65 parts sorghum, 17 parts soybean meal, 8 parts rapeseed meal, 4.7 parts cottonseed oil, 2.5 parts limestone powder, 1.2 parts dicalcium phosphate, 0.5 parts premix, 0.3 parts sodium chloride, 0.4 parts lysine sulfate, 0.2 parts methionine, 0.1 parts threonine, 0.05 parts choline chloride, and 0.05 parts antifungal agent.

[0067] Chickens at market age (56-78 days): 67 parts sorghum, 14 parts soybean meal, 10 parts rapeseed meal, 1 part cottonseed oil, 4 parts soybean oil, 1.3 parts limestone powder, 1 part dicalcium phosphate, 0.5 parts premix, 0.3 parts sodium chloride, 0.5 parts lysine sulfate, 0.2 parts methionine, 0.1 parts threonine, 0.05 parts choline chloride, and 0.05 parts antifungal agent.

[0068] Treatment group 3 was fed yellow-feathered broilers using the following feed formulation (all by weight): Chick stage (1-25 days): 60 parts sorghum, 29 parts soybean meal, 5 parts rapeseed meal, 2.5 parts cottonseed oil, 1.3 parts limestone powder, 1 part dicalcium phosphate, 0.5 parts premix, 0.2 parts sodium chloride, 0.2 parts lysine sulfate, 0.15 parts methionine, 0.05 parts threonine, 0.05 parts choline chloride, and 0.05 parts antifungal agent.

[0069] Medium-sized chicken stage (26-55 days): 65 parts sorghum, 17 parts soybean meal, 8 parts rapeseed meal, 4.7 parts cottonseed oil, 2.5 parts limestone powder, 1.2 parts dicalcium phosphate, 0.5 parts premix, 0.3 parts sodium chloride, 0.4 parts lysine sulfate, 0.2 parts methionine, 0.1 parts threonine, 0.05 parts choline chloride, and 0.05 parts antifungal agent.

[0070] Chickens at market age (56-78 days): 67 parts sorghum, 14 parts soybean meal, 10 parts rapeseed meal, 2 parts cottonseed oil, 3 parts soybean oil, 1.3 parts limestone powder, 1 part dicalcium phosphate, 0.5 parts premix, 0.3 parts sodium chloride, 0.5 parts lysine sulfate, 0.2 parts methionine, 0.1 parts threonine, 0.05 parts choline chloride, and 0.05 parts antifungal agent.

[0071] Treatment group 4: Yellow-feathered broilers were fed the following feed formula (all by weight): Chick stage (1-25 days): 60 parts sorghum, 29 parts soybean meal, 5 parts rapeseed meal, 2.5 parts cottonseed oil, 1.3 parts limestone powder, 1 part dicalcium phosphate, 0.5 parts premix, 0.2 parts sodium chloride, 0.2 parts lysine sulfate, 0.15 parts methionine, 0.05 parts threonine, 0.05 parts choline chloride, and 0.05 parts antifungal agent.

[0072] Medium-sized chicken stage (26-55 days): 65 parts sorghum, 17 parts soybean meal, 8 parts rapeseed meal, 4.7 parts cottonseed oil, 2.5 parts limestone powder, 1.2 parts dicalcium phosphate, 0.5 parts premix, 0.3 parts sodium chloride, 0.4 parts lysine sulfate, 0.2 parts methionine, 0.1 parts threonine, 0.05 parts choline chloride, and 0.05 parts antifungal agent.

[0073] Chickens at market age (56-78 days): 67 parts sorghum, 14 parts soybean meal, 10 parts rapeseed meal, 3 parts cottonseed oil, 2 parts soybean oil, 1.3 parts limestone powder, 1 part dicalcium phosphate, 0.5 parts premix, 0.3 parts sodium chloride, 0.5 parts lysine sulfate, 0.2 parts methionine, 0.1 parts threonine, 0.05 parts choline chloride, and 0.05 parts antifungal agent.

[0074] IV. Explanation of Technical Effects and Dynamic Control Results

[0075] The test results are shown in Table 1: In Example 1, the average abdominal fat shear force was 4.13 N. From the shear force in Table 1, the abdominal fat of the broilers in Example 1 was relatively soft. In Example 2, the average abdominal fat shear force was 17.63 N. From the shear force in Table 1, the abdominal fat of the broilers in Example 2 was relatively hard. In contrast, in Example 3, the average abdominal fat shear force was 13.68 N in treatment group 1, 14.68 N in treatment group 2, 15.63 N in treatment group 3, and 16.75 N in treatment group 4. From the shear force in Table 1, it can be seen that in Example 3, by changing the proportion of cottonseed oil added during the slaughtering stage (56-78 days), the hardness of the abdominal fat can be precisely controlled, making the abdominal fat of suitable hardness with a shear force between 8-17 N. The above results indicate that by adjusting the proportion of fat added only before the chickens are slaughtered, the abdominal fat hardness of broilers can be adjusted to be between that of the two control implementation methods, Example 1 and Example 2, thus controlling the physical properties of abdominal fat in yellow-feathered broilers to be within a suitable range. An abdominal fat shear force within the range of 8-17 N is considered the optimal hardness, which is beneficial for slaughtering, processing, and quality stability.

[0076] Meanwhile, under the above different fat regulation methods, the broiler's feeding behavior, growth performance and feed utilization efficiency remained normal, indicating that the method of the present invention can regulate the physical properties of abdominal fat without adversely affecting the normal production performance of broilers (Table 2).

[0077] Table 1. Results of abdominal fat shear force measurement in yellow-feathered broiler chickens at 78 days of age in each treatment group of Examples 1, 2, and 3. Abdominal fat shear force (N) Example 1 4.13±0.62 Example 2 17.63±0.10 Example 3 - Treatment Group 1 13.68±2.03 Example 3 - Treatment Group 2 14.68±1.65 Example 3 - Treatment Group 3 15.63±0.61 Example 3 - Treatment Group 4 16.75±1.40 Table 2. Growth performance of yellow-feathered broiler chickens aged 56-78 days in each treatment group of Examples 1, 2, and 3. growth indicators Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 - Treatment Group 1 Example 3 - Treatment Group 2 Example 3 - Treatment Group 3 Example 3 - Treatment Group 4 Average daily weight gain (g) 24.59±1.30 26.45±1.49 25.50±0.40 25.59 ± 1.65 25.55±0.55 24.93 ± 0.20 Average daily feed intake (g) 96.27±3.38 97.52±1.71 96.31±1.59 97.21 ± 3.32 98.68±1.83 95.43 ± 3.31 Meat-to-fat ratio 3.92±0.09 3.76±0.10 3.78±0.10 3.80 ± 0.13 3.86±0.03 3.80 ± 0.09 Survival rate (%) 99.1±1.4 99.6±0.6 100.0±0.0 100.0 ± 0.0 99.4±0.5 99.6 ± 0.5 As can be seen from the above embodiments, this invention does not achieve abdominal fat regulation by changing the type of oil throughout the entire process or simply increasing the amount of oil added. Instead, it utilizes the critical time window before the broilers are ready for market and achieves targeted and controllable regulation of the physical properties of abdominal fat in broilers by controlling the proportion of cottonseed oil added in intervals. This method has a clear process and well-defined parameters, making it highly operable and suitable for large-scale broiler farming. Furthermore, this regulation method also has the following advantages: 1. The physical properties of abdominal fat can be regulated more precisely.

[0078] This advantage stems from the fact that the present invention employs a technical approach of controlling and regulating the proportion of cottonseed oil in a specific range during the pre-market stage.

[0079] 2. It does not affect the normal production performance of broilers.

[0080] This advantage stems from the fact that while regulating the physical properties of abdominal fat, the present invention maintains consistent dietary metabolizable energy and major nutrient levels at all growth stages.

[0081] 3. The method is simple and suitable for large-scale application.

[0082] This advantage stems from the fact that the invention only adjusts the type and proportion of oil in the diet, without involving complex equipment or additional processes, making it easy to implement under large-scale farming conditions.

Claims

1. A method for regulating physical properties of abdominal fat in broiler chickens, wherein, The method realizes the regulation of the physical properties of the abdominal fat by regulating the proportion of cottonseed oil added in the pre-slaughter stage of broilers.

2. The method of modulation according to claim 1, wherein, The pre-slaughter stage refers to the feeding stage of the 56th-78th day.

3. The method of modulation according to claim 2, wherein, When it is needed to reduce the hardness of the abdominal fat of the broilers, the proportion of the cottonseed oil added is controlled to be not higher than 1.0% of the mass of the daily feed; When it is needed to increase the hardness of the abdominal fat of the broilers, the proportion of the cottonseed oil added is controlled to be 1.0-3.0% of the mass of the daily feed.

4. The method of modulation according to claim 2, wherein, The regulation method regulates the hardness of the abdominal fat by compounding the cottonseed oil with other oils, which include soybean oil, rice bran oil or oils with similar fatty acid composition to the soybean oil or the rice bran oil.

5. The method of modulation according to claim 4, wherein, The best physical properties of the abdominal fat refer to the most suitable hardness of the texture of the abdominal fat, and the shear force of the abdominal fat is 8-17 N.

6. The method of modulation as recited in claim 1, wherein, The method includes using different feed formulations for feeding the broilers in different feeding stages: The chicken stage: the following formula feed is used for feeding in the feeding stage of the 1st-25th day, and the feed formulation is calculated according to weight parts: 60 parts of sorghum, 29 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of rapeseed meal, 2.5 parts of cottonseed oil, 1.3 parts of stone powder, 1 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5 parts of premix, 0.2 parts of sodium chloride, 0.2 parts of lysine sulfate, 0.15 parts of methionine salt, 0.05 parts of threonine salt, 0.05 parts of choline chloride and 0.05 parts of mold inhibitor; The middle chicken stage: the following formula feed is used for feeding in the feeding stage of the 26th-55th day, and the feed formulation is calculated according to weight parts: 65 parts of sorghum, 17 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of rapeseed meal, 4.7 parts of cottonseed oil, 2.5 parts of stone powder, 1.2 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5 parts of premix, 0.3 parts of sodium chloride, 0.4 parts of lysine sulfate, 0.2 parts of methionine salt, 0.1 parts of threonine salt, 0.05 parts of choline chloride and 0.05 parts of mold inhibitor; The large chicken pre-slaughter stage: the following formula feed is used for feeding in the feeding stage of the 56th-78th day, and the feed formulation is calculated according to weight parts: 67 parts of sorghum, 14 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of rapeseed meal, 0-3 parts of cottonseed oil, 5-2 parts of soybean oil, 1.3 parts of stone powder, 1 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5 parts of premix, 0.3 parts of sodium chloride, 0.5 parts of lysine sulfate, 0.2 parts of methionine salt, 0.1 parts of threonine salt, 0.05 parts of choline chloride and 0.05 parts of mold inhibitor.

7. The method of modulation of claim 6, wherein, In the feed formulation of the large chicken pre-slaughter stage, the total amount of the cottonseed oil and the soybean oil added is 5 parts: when it is needed to increase the hardness of the abdominal fat of the broilers, the proportion of the cottonseed oil added is increased; and when it is needed to reduce the hardness of the abdominal fat of the broilers, the proportion of the cottonseed oil added is reduced.

8. The application of the regulation method in any one of claims 1-7 in the regulation of the physical properties of the abdominal fat of fast-growing yellow broilers.

9. A feed formulation for broiler abdominal fat physical property regulation, wherein, The formula includes different formulations of three stages for feeding the broilers in different growth stages, and the feed formulation is calculated according to weight parts: The feed formulation for the chicken stage of the 1st-25th day: 60 parts of sorghum, 29 parts of soybean meal, 5 parts of rapeseed meal, 2.5 parts of cottonseed oil, 1.3 parts of stone powder, 1 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5 parts of premix, 0.2 parts of sodium chloride, 0.2 parts of lysine sulfate, 0.15 parts of methionine salt, 0.05 parts of threonine salt, 0.05 parts of choline chloride and 0.05 parts of mold inhibitor; The chicken feed formula in the 26th-55th day: 65 parts of sorghum, 17 parts of soybean meal, 8 parts of rapeseed meal, 4.7 parts of cottonseed oil, 2.5 parts of stone powder, 1.2 parts of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5 parts of premix, 0.3 parts of sodium chloride, 0.4 parts of lysine sulfate, 0.2 parts of methionine salt, 0.1 parts of threonine salt, 0.05 parts of choline chloride, and 0.05 parts of mold inhibitor; The chicken feed formula in the 56th-78th day: 67 parts of sorghum, 14 parts of soybean meal, 10 parts of rapeseed meal, 0-3 parts of cottonseed oil, 5-2 parts of soybean oil, 1.3 parts of stone powder, 1 part of calcium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5 parts of premix, 0.3 parts of sodium chloride, 0.5 parts of lysine sulfate, 0.2 parts of methionine salt, 0.1 parts of threonine salt, 0.05 parts of choline chloride, and 0.05 parts of mold inhibitor.

10. The feed formulation of claim 9, wherein, The total amount of cottonseed oil and soybean oil in the chicken feed formula in the 56th-78th day is 5 parts: when it is needed to increase the hardness of the abdominal fat of the broiler chicken, the proportion of cottonseed oil is increased; when it is needed to decrease the hardness of the abdominal fat of the broiler chicken, the proportion of cottonseed oil is decreased.