Laser vibration cladding device and method thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a laser vibration cladding device and a method thereof.The device comprises an annular heating cover and an infrared focal plane detector which are arranged in a working cabin with a laser cladding head, and a plurality of independently-controlled infrared heating units evenly distributed in the circumferential direction of the annular heating cover are arranged on the annular heating cover; a workpiece clamping position is arranged below the circle center of the annular heating cover, and the infrared heating units all point to the workpiece clamping position. A multi-channel coaxial powder feeder is further arranged in the working cabin, a plurality of independently-controlled powder bins are integrated in the multi-channel coaxial powder feeder, a powder feeding pipe of the multi-channel coaxial powder feeder is integrated with the laser cladding head, and powder in all channels is converged before entering the powder feeding pipe and conveyed to the laser cladding head through inert gas flow; and an ultrasonic generator, a piezoelectric transducer and a vibration transmission rod are also arranged in the working cabin.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of laser surface modification technology, and in particular to a laser vibration cladding device and method for modifying the surface of a workpiece by sintering metal powder. Background Technology

[0002] Laser cladding is an advanced surface modification technology. As a core process in the field of surface modification, laser cladding uses a high-energy-density laser beam to melt metal powder and the workpiece surface, achieving the precise construction of a high-performance cladding layer. This process relies on a laser heat source to simultaneously melt the delivered metal powder and the substrate surface, forming a metallurgical coating with low dilution rate and high bonding strength after cooling. It is widely used to improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of workpieces.

[0003] However, existing technical solutions have significant limitations. For example, the overall heat-insulating laser vibration cladding system disclosed in patent CN201010196747.0 employs a pre-coating process, mixing metal powder with rosin-alcohol solution, applying it to the substrate surface, and then drying and curing it. This results in the inability to dynamically adjust the powder composition ratio and coating thickness during processing, severely restricting the flexible application of multi-component materials. Furthermore, its vibration energy transmission path is lengthy, requiring transmission through multiple mechanical components to the molten pool area, causing significant energy attenuation and making precise control of vibration parameters difficult, affecting the flow stability of the molten pool and the grain refinement effect. In addition, the design of the temperature-controlled heating belt positioned below the workpiece makes it difficult to form a uniform circumferential temperature field for irregularly shaped or thick workpieces, easily leading to localized overheating or uneven cooling, resulting in defects such as thermal stress concentration, deformation, and cracking, ultimately reducing the quality of the cladding layer and the overall performance of the workpiece.

[0004] These technical bottlenecks highlight the shortcomings of existing equipment in temperature field control, dynamic powder mixing, and efficient transmission of vibration energy, necessitating innovative solutions to improve process adaptability and reliability. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve the above-mentioned technical problems by providing a laser vibration fusion device and method.

[0006] One technical solution of the present invention is a laser vibration cladding device, comprising an annular heating cover and an infrared focal plane detector disposed in a working chamber with a laser cladding head. The annular heating cover is provided with a plurality of independently controlled infrared heating units evenly distributed along its circumference. The workpiece clamping position is located below the center of the annular heating cover, and the plurality of infrared heating units all point to the workpiece clamping position. The working chamber is also equipped with a multi-channel coaxial powder feeder, which integrates multiple independently controlled powder chambers. The powder feeding tube of the multi-channel coaxial powder feeder is integrated with the laser fusion head. The powder from each channel is combined before entering the powder feeding tube and is transported to the laser fusion head by an inert gas flow. The working chamber is also equipped with an ultrasonic generator, a piezoelectric transducer, and a vibration transmission rod. The ultrasonic generator is used to convert power frequency electrical signals into high frequency electrical signals. The piezoelectric transducer is used to convert high frequency electrical signals into mechanical vibrations of the same frequency. The vibration transmission rod is connected to the piezoelectric transducer and the workpiece clamping position to transmit the vibration through the workpiece body to its molten pool area. The infrared heating unit, the infrared focal plane detector, the multi-channel coaxial powder feeder, and the ultrasonic generator are all connected to the controller.

[0007] In one implementation, the infrared heating unit is started before the laser welding head, so that the workpiece is preheated to a higher uniform temperature. After the laser welding head is started, the multi-channel coaxial powder feeder delivers metal powders of different compositions to the molten pool area. The ultrasonic generator is started synchronously with the laser welding head and is turned off after solidification in the molten pool area. During the solidification process in the molten pool area, the controller determines the temperature of the workpiece in each direction based on the real-time thermal imaging detected by the infrared focal plane detector, and performs temperature compensation by adjusting the infrared heating units at the corresponding positions.

[0008] In one embodiment, the infrared heating unit is an infrared quartz heating tube.

[0009] In one embodiment, the working chamber is also equipped with multiple thermocouples, each thermocouple corresponding to one of the infrared heating units and located at the positions pointed to by each infrared heating unit. The thermocouples are connected to the controller.

[0010] In one implementation, the controller adjusts the high-frequency electrical signal waveform of the ultrasonic generator according to the inherent frequency of the molten pool region and the current composition of the metal powder.

[0011] In one embodiment, the inert gas is argon.

[0012] In one implementation, each powder compartment of the multi-channel coaxial powder feeder is equipped with a powder feeding mechanism independently driven by a servo motor. The controller controls the feeding rate of various powders by adjusting the rotation speed of each servo motor.

[0013] Another technical solution of the present invention is a laser vibration fusion method, based on a laser vibration fusion device, including... Preheating step: The entire workpiece is preheated before deposition to form a uniform temperature field around the workpiece surface. Vibration cladding process: A molten pool area is formed on the surface of the workpiece by laser, and ultrasonic energy is transmitted to the molten pool area. After the molten pool area solidifies, the ultrasonic waves are stopped. Powder feeding process: The feeding rate of various powders is controlled according to the control command. After being combined, they are transported to the laser fusion head by an inert gas flow and then melted by the laser in the molten pool area. Temperature compensation step: During the solidification of the molten pool area, the temperature at the corresponding location is adjusted according to real-time thermal imaging to guide the direction of thermal stress during the cooling process.

[0014] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are that this laser vibration cladding device and method achieve uniform circumferential preheating of the workpiece through an annular heating cover, dynamic control of powder composition by a multi-channel powder feeder, and direct transmission of ultrasonic vibration energy to the molten pool area. This effectively solves the problems of uneven temperature field, inflexible powder preparation, and vibration energy attenuation. Furthermore, based on the three major improvements of infrared heating, multi-channel powder feeding, and ultrasonic vibration, combined with the infrared heating unit actively guiding the direction of thermal stress during the cooling process, the overall deformation and residual stress of the workpiece are reduced, thereby improving the quality of the cladding layer and the overall performance of the workpiece.

[0015] First, multiple independently temperature-controlled infrared heating units create a uniform and dynamically adjustable temperature field before and during the cladding process, effectively mitigating the sharp temperature gradient caused by localized overheating and reducing the generation of uneven thermal stress. Second, independently controlled powder chambers enable real-time adjustment of the cladding material composition, allowing the thermophysical properties of the cladding layer to be designed according to stress control requirements. This proactively matches the matrix constraints for the subsequent cooling process, suppressing stress concentration caused by performance mismatch. Third, ultrasonic vibration improves the flow characteristics of the molten pool and refines the grain structure. This eliminates defects such as microsegregation and porosity, and yields a uniform and dense microstructure in the cladding layer, thus eliminating potential sources of stress concentration. Finally, during the cooling process, each infrared heating unit actively guides the direction of thermal stress. That is, during the solidification process in the molten pool area, the infrared heating units at corresponding positions are adjusted for temperature compensation based on real-time thermal imaging, thereby reducing the overall deformation and residual stress of the workpiece. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 A system block diagram of the laser vibration fusion device provided for an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 A flowchart of a laser vibration fusion method provided for an embodiment of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The above and other embodiments and advantages of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.

[0018] In one implementation, such as Figure 1 As shown.

[0019] The laser vibration cladding device provided in this embodiment includes an annular heating hood and an infrared focal plane detector disposed within a working chamber equipped with a laser cladding head. The annular heating hood is provided with multiple independently controlled infrared heating units evenly distributed along its circumference. The workpiece clamping position is located below the center of the annular heating hood, and all the infrared heating units point towards the workpiece clamping position. The working chamber also includes a multi-channel coaxial powder feeder, which integrates multiple independently controlled powder chambers. The powder feeding pipe of the multi-channel coaxial powder feeder is integrated with the laser cladding head, and each channel of powder... The powders converge before entering the powder feeding pipe and are then transported to the laser welding head by an inert gas flow. The working chamber also houses an ultrasonic generator, a piezoelectric transducer, and a vibration transmission rod. The ultrasonic generator converts the power frequency electrical signal into a high-frequency electrical signal, and the piezoelectric transducer converts the high-frequency electrical signal into mechanical vibration of the same frequency. The vibration transmission rod connects the piezoelectric transducer and the workpiece clamping position to transmit the vibration through the workpiece body to its molten pool area. The infrared heating unit, infrared focal plane detector, multi-channel coaxial powder feeder, and ultrasonic generator are all connected to the controller. The infrared heating unit starts before the laser welding head, preheating the workpiece to a high, uniform temperature. After the laser welding head starts, the multi-channel coaxial powder feeder delivers various metal powders of different compositions to the molten pool area. The ultrasonic generator starts synchronously with the laser welding head and shuts off after the molten pool area solidifies. During the solidification process in the molten pool area, the controller determines the temperature of each part of the workpiece based on real-time thermal imaging detected by the infrared focal plane detector and compensates for the temperature by adjusting the corresponding infrared heating units.

[0020] In this embodiment, the annular heating cover of the laser vibration cladding device is an installation structure arranged around the workpiece. Its main function is to work with the infrared heating units fixed on it to uniformly heat the workpiece and improve the temperature field distribution. Multiple infrared heating units on the annular heating cover can output heat through resistance heating or electromagnetic induction heating, for example, using carbon fiber heating elements or ceramic heating plates as heat sources. The independent control function of the infrared heating units can be realized through a multi-output module in the controller, the purpose of which is to adjust the heating intensity at different positions according to the shape and material properties of the workpiece. Inside the working chamber containing the laser cladding head, the annular heating cover is positioned above the workpiece clamping position, and multiple independently controlled infrared heating units are evenly distributed along its inner wall in the circumferential direction. These infrared heating units all point towards the workpiece clamping position, enabling preheating of the entire workpiece before cladding, thereby forming a uniform temperature field. This solves the problem of uneven stress caused by localized overheating during cladding in traditional technologies.

[0021] The multi-channel coaxial powder feeder of this laser vibration cladding device is used for the dynamic mixing and conveying of various metal powders. The number of powder bins can be flexibly set according to process requirements, for example, 3 to 6 independent powder bins can be configured. The powder feeding tube can be integrated in a segmented design, where the powder in each channel is initially mixed in a micro-mixing chamber before entering the main powder feeding tube, and then carried to the cladding head by an inert gas flow. As a preferred embodiment, the powder feeding rate can be adjusted by changing the valve opening at the powder bin outlet or by adjusting the drive parameters of the powder feeding mechanism. The multi-channel coaxial powder feeder integrates multiple independently controlled powder bins, each containing one type of metal powder, and the powder feeding mechanism is driven by an independent servo motor. The powders from each channel converge before entering the powder feeding tube and are conveyed to the laser cladding head by an inert gas flow. Specifically, the controller adjusts the speed of each servo motor according to the cladding process requirements, thereby precisely controlling the feeding rate of each powder and realizing the dynamic adjustment and real-time mixing of various metal powder components. This solves the problem of the inability to dynamically adjust the powder composition in traditional technologies.

[0022] The combination of an ultrasonic generator and a piezoelectric transducer in this laser vibration cladding device generates high-frequency mechanical vibration, its core being the efficient conversion of electrical energy into mechanical energy. Specifically, the ultrasonic generator produces a high-frequency electrical signal, while the piezoelectric transducer is made of lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric ceramic material. The vibration transmission rod can be made of high-strength stainless steel or titanium alloy to ensure effective transmission of vibration energy. This design reduces energy loss during transmission while achieving precise control of the vibration energy. As a preferred embodiment, the controller adjusts the high-frequency electrical signal waveform of the ultrasonic generator based on the natural frequency of the molten pool region and the current metal powder composition to optimize the vibration effect. This solves the problems of unstable molten pool flow and poor grain refinement in traditional technologies.

[0023] Furthermore, during the solidification process in the molten pool region, an infrared focal plane detector is used to monitor the thermal imaging information of the workpiece surface in real time and feed the data back to the controller. This allows for dynamic adjustment of the output power of each infrared heating unit to achieve temperature compensation, thereby actively guiding the direction of thermal stress during the cooling process and reducing the overall deformation and residual stress of the workpiece. It should be noted that reducing the overall deformation and residual stress of the workpiece, and improving the stability of the molten pool and the quality of the cladding layer, relies on the combined effects of infrared heating, multi-channel powder feeding, and ultrasonic vibration. In other words, the infrared heating, multi-channel powder feeding, and ultrasonic vibration of this laser vibration cladding device not only improve single-point performance but also, through multi-channel powder feeding, infrared heating, and ultrasonic vibration, effectively control the deformation and residual stress of the workpiece. First, through multiple independently temperature-controlled infrared heating units, a uniform and dynamically adjustable temperature field is constructed before and during the cladding process. This effectively alleviates the sharp temperature gradient caused by local overheating and reduces the generation of uneven thermal stress. Secondly, the independently controlled powder chamber enables real-time adjustment of the cladding material composition, allowing the thermophysical properties of the cladding layer to be designed according to stress control requirements. This proactively matches the matrix constraints during the subsequent cooling process, suppressing stress concentration caused by performance mismatch. Then, ultrasonic vibration improves the flow characteristics of the molten pool and refines the grain structure. This not only eliminates defects such as microsegregation and porosity but also yields a uniform and dense microstructure in the cladding layer, thus eliminating potential sources of stress concentration. Finally, during the cooling process, each infrared heating unit actively guides the direction of thermal stress. That is, during the solidification process in the molten pool region, the infrared heating units at corresponding positions are adjusted for temperature compensation based on real-time thermal imaging, thereby reducing the overall deformation and residual stress of the workpiece. Furthermore, during the solidification process in the molten pool region, temperature compensation actively guides the direction of thermal stress during the cooling process, reducing the overall deformation and residual stress of the workpiece.

[0024] In one embodiment, the infrared heating unit of the laser vibration cladding device is an infrared quartz heating tube.

[0025] In this embodiment, the infrared heating unit refers to a device used to generate infrared radiation to heat the workpiece, which can be implemented using an infrared quartz heating tube. Based on the high infrared transmittance of quartz material, the infrared quartz heating tube can emit infrared radiation with high emissivity and good spectral matching. This radiation directly acts on the workpiece surface, avoiding the shortcomings of long heat conduction paths and large energy loss in traditional heating elements. Its purpose is to improve heating efficiency and ensure uniform temperature distribution, making it particularly suitable for workpieces with irregular thickness or shape.

[0026] In this embodiment, the infrared quartz heating tube, through its circumferential arrangement within the annular heating cover, enhances the synergistic effect of multi-angle radiation, enabling the workpiece to rapidly reach a highly uniform temperature during the preheating stage. This design not only improves the thermal response speed but also reduces localized overheating or underheating caused by uneven heating. Furthermore, the combination of the infrared quartz heating tube and the annular heating cover further optimizes heat distribution and transfer efficiency, laying a stable thermal environment foundation for the subsequent laser cladding process.

[0027] The above technical solution effectively solves the problem of insufficient temperature uniformity in the preheating stage and avoids the risk of cracks or deformation caused by uncontrolled thermal stress direction during cooling of the molten pool area.

[0028] In one embodiment, the working chamber of the laser vibration fusion device is also equipped with multiple thermocouples, each thermocouple corresponding to one infrared heating unit and located at the position pointed to by each infrared heating unit. The thermocouples are connected to the controller.

[0029] In this embodiment, a thermocouple is a sensor that converts temperature changes into electrical signals. Thermocouples are typically welded from two different metal materials and reflect temperature changes by measuring the thermoelectric potential difference between their ends. The aim is to provide a direct-contact, high-precision temperature detection method to overcome environmental interference issues that may occur with non-contact infrared detection. By adding multiple thermocouples within the working chamber, each infrared heating unit's radiation area is equipped with a dedicated temperature sensor. These thermocouples are precisely positioned at the location indicated by the infrared heating unit, directly contacting key areas of the workpiece surface, thereby acquiring accurate temperature data at that point. Compared to long-distance infrared detection, this direct-contact temperature monitoring significantly improves the accuracy and stability of temperature feedback. Simultaneously, the connection between the thermocouples and the controller ensures that temperature information is transmitted to the control system in real time, enabling the controller to dynamically adjust the output power of the corresponding infrared heating unit based on high-precision measured data. This design not only enhances the responsiveness of the temperature closed-loop control but also ensures the controllable guidance of thermal stress direction during the solidification process of the molten pool area, providing a solid foundation for uniform cooling of the cladding layer.

[0030] In one embodiment, the controller of the laser vibration cladding device adjusts the high-frequency electrical signal waveform of the ultrasonic generator according to the inherent frequency of the molten pool region and the current composition of the metal powder.

[0031] In this embodiment, the natural frequency of the molten pool region refers to the natural frequency of the molten pool system's own vibration under specific conditions. It dynamically changes due to temperature gradients, geometry, and material properties, and can be determined through real-time monitoring and calculation. The metal powder composition refers to the chemical composition and proportion of the alloy powder participating in the deposition process, which can be obtained through sensor detection or preset parameter input. The high-frequency electrical signal waveform refers to the form of the electrical signal output by the ultrasonic generator, which can be optimized by adjusting parameters such as frequency, amplitude, and phase. The controller collects real-time state information of the molten pool region, including temperature distribution, size changes, and current metal powder composition data, and dynamically adjusts the high-frequency electrical signal waveform of the ultrasonic generator based on this information. Specifically, when the natural frequency of the molten pool region shifts due to temperature increases or geometric changes, the controller calculates a new optimal vibration frequency using an algorithm and adjusts the output waveform of the ultrasonic generator accordingly to ensure that vibration energy is efficiently injected into the molten pool in a resonant manner. Simultaneously, considering the influence of different metal powder compositions on the molten pool's fluidity and solidification behavior, the controller analyzes the composition characteristics and optimizes the waveform parameters to ensure that the vibration energy matches the molten pool state, thereby avoiding the problem of low energy transfer efficiency caused by compositional differences. In addition, the infrared heating unit, multi-channel coaxial powder feeder and other components in the above-mentioned laser vibration cladding device work together with the controller to enhance the stability of the molten pool and the quality of the cladding layer.

[0032] The above technical solution not only solves the problem of energy transfer mismatch caused by fixed frequency vibration, but also significantly improves the fluidity and uniformity of the molten pool, effectively suppresses the generation of cladding defects such as porosity and cracks, thereby improving the metallurgical bonding quality between the cladding layer and the substrate.

[0033] In one embodiment, the inert gas of the laser vibration cladding device is argon.

[0034] In this embodiment, argon, a commonly used industrial inert gas, has a higher density than other inert gases, enabling it to form a more stable coating around the molten pool area and prevent oxygen intrusion. This property allows argon to reliably isolate the external environment, making it particularly suitable for the cladding process of various metal materials.

[0035] In one embodiment, each powder chamber of the multi-channel coaxial powder feeder of the laser vibration fusion device is provided with a powder feeding mechanism driven independently by a servo motor. The controller controls the feeding rate of various powders by adjusting the rotation speed of each servo motor.

[0036] In this embodiment, a servo motor refers to a motor capable of precisely controlling rotation angle and speed, and a powder feeding mechanism refers to a mechanical device used to transport powder from the powder hopper to the powder feeding pipe, which can be implemented using a screw conveyor structure or a vibration conveyor structure. By setting independently driven powder feeding mechanisms below each powder hopper of the multi-channel coaxial powder feeder, the conveying actions of each powder channel are isolated from each other, avoiding flow interference or lag caused by structural coupling in traditional mechanical powder feeding. The high response characteristics of the servo motor enable the powder feeding rate to quickly follow command changes. Based on the linear correlation between servo motor speed and powder flow rate, the controller can generate speed commands in real time according to the thermal imaging of the molten pool or process parameters, thereby precisely adjusting the instantaneous output of each type of powder. On this basis, the above scheme, together with components such as an annular heating hood, an infrared focal plane detector, and an ultrasonic generator, forms a complete laser vibration cladding system. By adjusting the powder conveying ratio and rate in real time, combined with temperature compensation and vibration energy transfer, dynamic optimization of the cladding process is achieved, effectively solving the problem of difficulty in real-time optimization of the powder ratio, and significantly improving the quality and performance of the cladding layer.

[0037] In one implementation, such as Figure 2 As shown.

[0038] The laser vibration cladding method provided in this embodiment includes a preheating step: preheating the entire workpiece before cladding to form a uniform temperature field around the workpiece surface; a vibration cladding step: forming a molten pool area on the workpiece surface using a laser, while simultaneously transmitting ultrasonic energy to the molten pool area, and stopping ultrasonic emission after the molten pool area solidifies; a powder feeding step: controlling the feeding rate of various powders according to control commands, and after merging, transporting them to the laser cladding head by an inert gas flow, where they are then melted by the laser in the molten pool area; and a temperature compensation step: adjusting the temperature at the corresponding position according to real-time thermal imaging during the solidification of the molten pool area to guide the direction of thermal stress during the cooling process.

[0039] In this embodiment, the laser vibration cladding method achieves uniform circumferential preheating of the workpiece through an annular heating cover, dynamic control of powder composition by a multi-channel powder feeder, and direct transmission of ultrasonic vibration energy to the molten pool area. This effectively solves the problems of uneven temperature field, inflexible powder preparation, and vibration energy attenuation. Furthermore, based on these three major improvements—infrared heating, multi-channel powder feeding, and ultrasonic vibration—and in conjunction with the infrared heating unit actively guiding the direction of thermal stress during the cooling process (i.e., temperature compensation), the overall deformation and residual stress of the workpiece are reduced, thereby improving the quality of the cladding layer and the overall performance of the workpiece.

[0040] First, a uniform and dynamically adjustable temperature field is created before and during the fusion process using multiple independently temperature-controlled infrared heating units. This effectively alleviates the sharp temperature gradient caused by localized overheating and reduces the generation of uneven thermal stress.

[0041] Secondly, the independent control of the powder chamber enables real-time adjustment of the composition of the cladding material, allowing the thermophysical properties of the cladding layer to be designed according to stress control requirements. This actively matches the substrate constraint for the subsequent cooling process and suppresses stress concentration caused by performance mismatch.

[0042] Then, ultrasonic vibration improved the flow characteristics of the molten pool and refined the grain structure. This not only eliminated defects such as microsegregation and porosity, but also obtained a uniform and dense microstructure of the cladding layer, thereby eliminating potential stress concentration sources. In the final cooling process, the direction of thermal stress was actively guided by each infrared heating unit. That is, during the solidification process in the molten pool area, the infrared heating units at the corresponding positions were adjusted for temperature compensation based on real-time thermal imaging, thereby reducing the overall deformation and residual stress of the workpiece.

[0043] Furthermore, during the solidification process in the molten pool region, an infrared focal plane detector is used to monitor the thermal imaging information of the workpiece surface in real time and feed the data back to the controller. This allows for dynamic adjustment of the output power of each infrared heating unit to achieve temperature compensation, thereby actively guiding the direction of thermal stress during the cooling process and reducing the overall deformation and residual stress of the workpiece. It should be noted that this laser vibration cladding device not only achieves multi-point lifting through infrared heating, multi-channel powder feeding, and ultrasonic vibration, but also effectively controls workpiece deformation and residual stress through the combined effects of multi-channel powder feeding, infrared heating, and ultrasonic vibration.

[0044] The specific embodiments described above further illustrate the inventive purpose, technical solution, and beneficial effects of the present invention. It should be understood that the above descriptions are merely specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the present invention. In particular, it should be noted that any modifications, equivalent substitutions, or improvements made by those skilled in the art within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser vibration welding apparatus characterized by comprising: The device comprises a ring-shaped heating cover and an infrared focal plane detector in a working cabin with a laser cladding head, the ring-shaped heating cover is provided with a plurality of independently controlled infrared heating units uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the ring-shaped heating cover, and the center of the ring-shaped heating cover is a workpiece clamping position, and the plurality of infrared heating units are all directed to the workpiece clamping position; The working cabin is also provided with a multi-channel coaxial powder feeder, the multi-channel coaxial powder feeder integrates a plurality of independently controlled powder bins, the powder feeding pipe of the multi-channel coaxial powder feeder is integrated with the laser cladding head, the powders in each channel are mixed before entering the powder feeding pipe, and the mixed powders are transported to the laser cladding head by an inert gas flow; The working cabin is also provided with an ultrasonic generator, a piezoelectric transducer, and a vibration transmission rod, the ultrasonic generator is used to convert a power frequency electric signal into a high frequency electric signal, the piezoelectric transducer is used to convert the high frequency electric signal into mechanical vibration of the same frequency, and the vibration transmission rod is connected with the piezoelectric transducer and the workpiece clamping position to conduct the vibration to the molten pool area of the workpiece body through the workpiece body; The infrared heating unit, the infrared focal plane detector, the multi-channel coaxial powder feeder, and the ultrasonic generator are all connected with a controller.

2. The laser vibration welding apparatus according to claim 1, wherein The infrared heating unit is started before the laser cladding head to preheat the whole workpiece to a high and uniform temperature, after the laser cladding head is started, the multi-channel coaxial powder feeder transports a plurality of metal powders with different components to the molten pool area, the ultrasonic generator is started synchronously with the laser cladding head and is turned off after the molten pool area is solidified; During the solidification of the molten pool area, the controller judges the temperature of each position of the workpiece according to the real-time thermal imaging detected by the infrared focal plane detector, and adjusts the temperature of the corresponding position through the infrared heating unit for temperature compensation.

3. The laser vibration welding apparatus of claim 1, wherein The infrared heating unit is an infrared quartz heating tube.

4. The laser vibratory welder of claim 1, wherein, The working cabin is also provided with a plurality of thermocouples, each thermocouple corresponds to each infrared heating unit, and is located at the position pointed by each infrared heating unit, and the thermocouples are connected with the controller.

5. The laser vibratory welder of claim 1, wherein, The controller adjusts the high frequency electric signal waveform of the ultrasonic generator according to the inherent frequency of the molten pool area and the current metal powder component.

6. The laser vibratory welder of claim 1, wherein, The inert gas is argon.

7. The laser vibratory welder of claim 1, wherein, Each powder bin of the multi-channel coaxial powder feeder is provided with a powder feeding mechanism driven by a servo motor, and the controller controls the feeding rate of each powder by adjusting the rotating speed of each servo motor.

8. A laser vibration welding method characterized by Based on the laser vibration cladding device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, comprising a preheating step of preheating the whole workpiece before cladding to form a temperature field with uniform temperature on the surface of the workpiece in the circumferential direction; a vibration cladding step of forming a molten pool area on the surface of the workpiece by laser, transmitting ultrasonic energy to the molten pool area at the same time, and stopping emitting ultrasonic waves after the molten pool area is solidified; a powder feeding step of controlling the feeding rate of each powder according to the control instruction, transporting the mixed powders to the laser cladding head by an inert gas flow, and then melting the powders in the molten pool area by laser; a temperature compensation step of adjusting the temperature of the corresponding position according to the real-time thermal imaging during the solidification of the molten pool area to guide the direction of thermal stress in the cooling process.

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