Solid hydrogen storage system with circulating heat exchange system

Abstract

The solid hydrogen storage system comprises a solid hydrogen storage device and heat exchange equipment, a heat exchange medium channel and a hydrogen storage alloy containing cavity are formed in the solid hydrogen storage device, a medium inlet is formed in one end of the heat exchange medium channel, a medium outlet is formed in the other end of the heat exchange medium channel, and the heat exchange medium channel and the heat exchange equipment are connected through pipelines. The hydrogen storage alloy containing cavity is formed by vertically stacking a plurality of hydrogen storage modules, the hydrogen storage modules are provided with through holes allowing the heat exchange medium channels to penetrate through, a circulating pump and a three-way electromagnetic valve A are sequentially installed between the heat exchange equipment and the medium inlet, and a three-way electromagnetic valve B and a temperature sensor C are sequentially installed between the heat exchange equipment and the medium outlet. And the three-way electromagnetic valve A is connected with the three-way electromagnetic valve B through a pipeline. The heat exchange medium channel is arranged in the solid hydrogen storage device, and the two ends of the heat exchange medium channel are connected with the heat exchange equipment, so that heat transfer in the hydrogen absorption / desorption process of the hydrogen storage alloy is enhanced, and the hydrogen absorption / desorption rate of the hydrogen storage alloy is remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of hydrogen storage technology and relates to a solid hydrogen storage system with a circulating heat exchange system. Background Technology

[0002] Hydrogen energy has attracted widespread attention due to its abundant sources, high energy density, and pollution-free combustion products. Currently, researchers both domestically and internationally are dedicated to researching technologies for the large-scale development and utilization of hydrogen energy to reduce human dependence on fossil fuels and promote green and sustainable global energy development. The safe storage and transportation of hydrogen energy is one of the keys to its large-scale application. After years of development, hydrogen storage technologies have evolved into gaseous, liquid, and solid-state storage technologies. Solid-state hydrogen storage technology utilizes the property of certain solid alloy materials to adsorb hydrogen under specific conditions. Compared to gaseous and liquid hydrogen storage technologies, solid-state hydrogen storage technology offers advantages such as lower storage pressure, higher storage density, better reversibility, and higher safety.

[0003] Traditional solid-state hydrogen storage systems mainly have the following two problems in the process of storing hydrogen:

[0004] (1) Hydrogen storage alloys release a lot of heat when absorbing hydrogen and absorb a lot of heat when releasing hydrogen. The heat exchange causes drastic changes in ambient temperature. Existing hydrogen storage equipment cannot dissipate heat / heat the hydrogen storage alloy in time, which affects the hydrogen absorption / desorption efficiency of the hydrogen storage alloy.

[0005] (2) In traditional solid hydrogen storage tanks, the hydrogen storage alloy will gradually pulverize and deposit at the bottom of the tank during repeated hydrogen absorption and desorption. The alloy powder at the bottom of the tank expands in volume after absorbing hydrogen, causing stress concentration at the bottom of the tank, which leads to deformation or even damage to the tank. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to provide a solid hydrogen storage system with a circulating heat exchange system, which solves the problem that existing solid hydrogen storage systems cannot dissipate heat and heat the hydrogen storage alloy in a timely manner, thus affecting the hydrogen absorption / desorption efficiency of the hydrogen storage alloy.

[0007] The technical solution adopted in this invention is a solid hydrogen storage system with a circulating heat exchange system, including a solid hydrogen storage device and a heat exchange device. The solid hydrogen storage device is provided with a heat exchange medium channel and a hydrogen storage alloy receiving cavity. One end of the heat exchange medium channel is a medium inlet, and the other end is a medium outlet, both of which are connected to the heat exchange device through pipes. The hydrogen storage alloy receiving cavity is composed of multiple hydrogen storage modules stacked one on top of the other. The hydrogen storage modules have through holes that allow the heat exchange medium channel to pass through. A circulating pump and a three-way solenoid valve A are installed sequentially between the heat exchange device and the medium inlet. A three-way solenoid valve B and a temperature sensor C are installed sequentially between the heat exchange device and the medium outlet. The three-way solenoid valve A and the three-way solenoid valve B are connected by pipes.

[0008] The solid-state hydrogen storage device includes an upper medium receiving cavity, a tank body, and a lower medium receiving cavity connected in sequence. The medium inlet is connected to the upper medium receiving cavity, and the medium outlet is connected to the lower medium receiving cavity. The hydrogen storage alloy receiving cavity is located inside the tank body. An upper porous baffle is installed between the upper medium receiving cavity and the tank body, and a lower porous baffle is installed between the tank body and the lower medium receiving cavity. The upper and lower porous baffles have through holes A of the same diameter at the same position, and a metal heat exchange tube is installed in the through hole A.

[0009] The hydrogen storage module is a shell structure with an open top, composed of multiple grid-shaped hydrogen storage units welded together.

[0010] The hydrogen storage unit is triangular and is composed of a base plate, heat-conducting fins, outer baffles, a tall circular perforation platform, and a short circular perforation platform welded together. The tall circular perforation platform is between adjacent outer baffles, and the short circular perforation platform is between adjacent heat-conducting fins.

[0011] The heights of the heat-conducting fins, the outer baffle, and the short circular aperture are all lower than the height of the tall circular aperture.

[0012] Both the tall and short circular perforated platforms have through holes B in their centers, through which the metal heat exchange tubes pass.

[0013] A cushioning pad is provided on the top of the lower perforated partition.

[0014] The tank has a hydrogen inlet and a hydrogen outlet on its side. The hydrogen inlet is equipped with a shut-off valve A, and the hydrogen outlet is equipped with a shut-off valve B.

[0015] Temperature sensor A is installed on the side of the tank.

[0016] Temperature sensor B is installed between the heat exchanger and the circulating pump.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows:

[0018] (1) By setting up a heat exchange medium channel inside the solid hydrogen storage device and connecting heat exchange equipment at both ends of the heat exchange medium channel, forced convection heat transfer is increased, the heat transfer during the hydrogen absorption / desorption process of the hydrogen storage alloy is enhanced, and the hydrogen absorption / desorption rate of the hydrogen storage alloy is significantly improved.

[0019] (2) When the hydrogen storage alloy absorbs hydrogen, the coolant is cooled to a lower temperature in the heat exchange equipment and then enters the tank along the medium pipeline. It undergoes convective heat exchange through the metal heat exchange tube and the hydrogen storage module, which quickly removes the heat released by the hydrogen absorption, allowing the hydrogen storage alloy to absorb hydrogen at the optimal ambient temperature. Similarly, when the hydrogen storage alloy releases hydrogen, the heat transfer fluid is heated to the optimal hydrogen release temperature in the heat exchange equipment and undergoes convective heat exchange through the metal heat exchange tube and the hydrogen storage module, allowing the hydrogen storage alloy to release hydrogen efficiently at the optimal operating temperature.

[0020] (3) The hydrogen storage module is equipped with several heat-conducting fins. The heat-conducting fins increase the heat exchange area between the hydrogen storage alloy and the hydrogen storage module, thereby improving the heat exchange efficiency of the hydrogen storage module. At the same time, the heat-conducting fins also divide the hydrogen storage module into several grid-shaped hydrogen storage units, which effectively reduces the stress concentration problem caused by alloy powdering and deposition during the hydrogen absorption and desorption process, avoids device damage caused by stress concentration, and improves the safety of the device.

[0021] (4) The hydrogen storage alloy cavity is composed of multiple hydrogen storage modules stacked one on top of the other. The hydrogen storage modules can support each other without the need for additional support components. The hydrogen storage modules filled with hydrogen storage alloy can be installed into the tank by simple stacking, which simplifies the production and installation process of the device. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the solid hydrogen storage system with a circulating heat exchange system according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is an external structural diagram of the solid hydrogen storage device in the solid hydrogen storage system with a circulating heat exchange system of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the internal structure of the solid hydrogen storage device in the solid hydrogen storage system with a circulating heat exchange system of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a structural diagram of the hydrogen storage module in the solid hydrogen storage system with a circulating heat exchange system of the present invention.

[0026] In the diagram, 1. Medium inlet, 2. Upper medium receiving cavity, 3. Shut-off valve A, 4. Hydrogen inlet, 5. Tank body, 6. Hydrogen storage alloy receiving cavity, 7. Buffer pad, 8. Lower porous baffle, 9. Lower medium receiving cavity, 10. Medium outlet, 11. Hydrogen outlet, 12. Shut-off valve B, 13. Metal heat exchange tube, 14. Hydrogen storage module, 14-1. Base plate, 14-2. Thermal conductive fins, 14-3. Outer baffle, 14-4. Hydrogen storage unit, 14-5. Tall circular perforated platform, 14-6. Short circular perforated platform, 15. Temperature sensor A, 16. Upper porous baffle, 17. Hydrogen source, 18. Solid hydrogen storage device, 19. Three-way solenoid valve A, 20. Circulation pump, 21. Temperature sensor B, 22. Heat exchange equipment, 23. Three-way solenoid valve B, 24. Temperature sensor C. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0028] Example 1

[0029] A solid-state hydrogen storage system with a circulating heat exchange system, as described above. Figure 1 and Figure 2 The system includes a solid hydrogen storage device 18 and a heat exchange device 22. The solid hydrogen storage device 18 has a heat exchange medium channel and a hydrogen storage alloy receiving cavity 6. One end of the heat exchange medium channel is a medium inlet 1, and the other end is a medium outlet 10, both of which are connected to the heat exchange device 22 through pipelines. A circulation pump 20 and a three-way solenoid valve A19 are installed sequentially between the heat exchange device 22 and the medium inlet 1. A three-way solenoid valve B23 and a temperature sensor C24 are installed sequentially between the heat exchange device 22 and the medium outlet 10. The three-way solenoid valve A19 and the three-way solenoid valve B23 are connected through pipelines.

[0030] See Figure 3 The hydrogen storage alloy cavity 6 is composed of multiple hydrogen storage modules 14 stacked on top of each other. The hydrogen storage module 14 has through holes through which the heat exchange medium can pass. The hydrogen storage module 14 is a shell structure with an open top and is composed of multiple hydrogen storage units 14-4 welded together.

[0031] The solid hydrogen storage device 18 includes an upper medium receiving cavity 2, a tank body 5, and a lower medium receiving cavity 9 connected in sequence. The medium inlet 1 is connected to the upper medium receiving cavity 2, and the medium outlet 10 is connected to the lower medium receiving cavity 9. The hydrogen storage alloy receiving cavity 6 is located inside the tank body 5. An upper porous baffle 16 is installed between the upper medium receiving cavity 2 and the tank body 5, and a lower porous baffle 8 is installed between the tank body 5 and the lower medium receiving cavity 9. The upper porous baffle 16 and the lower porous baffle 8 have through holes A of the same diameter at the same position, and a metal heat exchange tube 13 is installed in the through hole A.

[0032] The tank body 5 has a hydrogen inlet 4 and a hydrogen outlet 11 on its side for connecting to a hydrogen source 17. The hydrogen inlet 4 is equipped with a shut-off valve A3, and the hydrogen outlet 11 is equipped with a shut-off valve B12.

[0033] Example 2

[0034] A solid-state hydrogen storage system with a circulating heat exchange system includes a solid-state hydrogen storage device 18 and a heat exchange device 22. The solid-state hydrogen storage device 18 has a heat exchange medium channel and a hydrogen storage alloy receiving cavity 6 inside. One end of the heat exchange medium channel is a medium inlet 1, and the other end is a medium outlet 10, both of which are connected to the heat exchange device 22 through pipes. The hydrogen storage alloy receiving cavity 6 is composed of multiple hydrogen storage modules 14 stacked one on top of the other. The hydrogen storage module 14 is a shell structure with an open top and is composed of multiple hydrogen storage units 14-4 welded together. The hydrogen storage module 14 has a through hole through which the heat exchange medium channel can pass. A temperature sensor B21, a circulating pump 20, and a three-way solenoid valve A19 are installed sequentially between the heat exchange device 22 and the medium inlet 1. A three-way solenoid valve B23 and a temperature sensor C24 are installed sequentially between the heat exchange device 22 and the medium outlet 10. The three-way solenoid valve A19 and the three-way solenoid valve B23 are connected through pipes.

[0035] The solid-state hydrogen storage device 18 includes an upper medium receiving cavity 2, a tank body 5, and a lower medium receiving cavity 9 connected in sequence. Both the upper medium receiving cavity 2 and the lower medium receiving cavity 9 are hemispherical cavities. The medium inlet 1 is connected to the upper medium receiving cavity 2, and the medium outlet 10 is connected to the lower medium receiving cavity 9. The hydrogen storage alloy receiving cavity 6 is located inside the tank body 5. The side of the tank body 5 is provided with a hydrogen inlet 4 and a hydrogen outlet 11. The hydrogen inlet 4 is equipped with a shut-off valve A3, and the hydrogen outlet 11 is equipped with a shut-off valve B12 to control the inflow and outflow of hydrogen. A temperature sensor A15 is installed on the side of the tank body 5 to monitor the tank body temperature.

[0036] An upper porous baffle 16 is installed between the upper medium receiving cavity 2 and the tank body 5, and a lower porous baffle 8 is installed between the tank body 5 and the lower medium receiving cavity 9. The upper porous baffle 16 and the lower porous baffle 8 have through holes A of the same diameter at the same position. A metal heat exchange tube 13 is installed in the through hole A. The inner diameter of the through hole A matches the outer diameter of the metal heat exchange tube. The metal heat exchange tube 13 is made of a metal material with high thermal conductivity. A buffer pad 7 is installed on the top of the lower porous baffle 8. The hydrogen storage module is placed on the buffer pad 7, which can effectively reduce the impact of vibration on the hydrogen storage module during transportation.

[0037] The working principle of this solid-state hydrogen storage system is as follows: Taking the solid-state hydrogen storage device filled with AB5 type hydrogen storage alloy as an example, when using this solid-state hydrogen storage system to absorb hydrogen, the heat exchange device 22 is connected to the power supply and put into working condition. The coolant is cooled to 15°C. At the same time, the shut-off valve A3 is opened and the shut-off valve B12 is closed. Hydrogen gas enters the solid-state hydrogen storage device from the hydrogen gas source and comes into contact with the hydrogen storage alloy placed in the hydrogen storage module 14. At the same time, the circulation pump 20 and the three-way solenoid valve A19 are opened to pump the coolant into the solid-state hydrogen storage device. The coolant exchanges heat through the metal heat exchange tube 13 and the hydrogen storage module 14, quickly removing the heat generated during the hydrogen absorption process. The cooled liquid after heat exchange returns to the refrigeration equipment for circulation heat exchange. The temperature sensor A15 can monitor the device temperature in real time, so that the temperature inside the device is always kept at the optimal hydrogen absorption temperature of 25°C for the hydrogen storage alloy until the hydrogen is completely stored.

[0038] Example 3

[0039] A solid-state hydrogen storage system with a circulating heat exchange system includes a solid-state hydrogen storage device 18 and a heat exchange device 22. The solid-state hydrogen storage device 18 has a heat exchange medium channel and a hydrogen storage alloy receiving cavity 6. One end of the heat exchange medium channel is a medium inlet 1, and the other end is a medium outlet 10, both of which are connected to the heat exchange device 22 through pipes. The hydrogen storage alloy receiving cavity 6 is composed of multiple hydrogen storage modules 14 stacked one on top of the other. The hydrogen storage modules 14 have through holes through which the heat exchange medium channel can pass. A circulating pump 20 and a three-way solenoid valve A19 are installed sequentially between the heat exchange device 22 and the medium inlet 1. A three-way solenoid valve B23 and a temperature sensor C24 are installed sequentially between the heat exchange device 22 and the medium outlet 10. The three-way solenoid valve A19 and the three-way solenoid valve B23 are connected through pipes. A temperature sensor B21 is installed between the heat exchange device 22 and the circulating pump 20.

[0040] The solid-state hydrogen storage device 18 includes an upper medium receiving cavity 2, a tank body 5, and a lower medium receiving cavity 9 connected in sequence. The medium inlet 1 communicates with the upper medium receiving cavity 2, and the medium outlet 10 communicates with the lower medium receiving cavity 9. The hydrogen storage alloy receiving cavity 6 is located inside the tank body 5. An upper porous baffle 16 is installed between the upper medium receiving cavity 2 and the tank body 5, and a lower porous baffle 8 is installed between the tank body 5 and the lower medium receiving cavity 9. A buffer pad 7 is provided on the top of the lower porous baffle 8. Through holes A with the same diameter are opened at the same position on the upper porous baffle 16 and the lower porous baffle 8. A metal heat exchange tube 13 is installed in the through hole A. The inner diameter of the through hole A matches the outer diameter of the metal heat exchange tube. The metal heat exchange tube 13 is made of a metal material with high thermal conductivity.

[0041] The tank body 5 has a hydrogen inlet 4 and a hydrogen outlet 11 on its side. The hydrogen inlet 4 is equipped with a shut-off valve A3, and the hydrogen outlet 11 is equipped with a shut-off valve B12. A temperature sensor A15 is installed on the side of the tank body 5.

[0042] See Figure 4 The hydrogen storage module 14 is a hexagonal shell structure with an open top, composed of 24 hydrogen storage units 14-4 welded together. Each hydrogen storage unit 14-4 is triangular and is composed of a base plate 14-1, heat-conducting fins 14-2, an outer baffle 14-3, a tall circular perforation platform 14-5, and a short circular perforation platform 14-6 welded together. The midpoint of the six sides of the outermost hexagon is the tall circular perforation platform 14-5, while the remaining positions are all short circular perforation platforms 14-6. Adjacent hydrogen storage modules are supported by the tall circular perforation platforms 14-5.

[0043] The heights of the heat-conducting fins 14-2, the outer baffle 14-3, and the short circular perforation platform 14-6 are all lower than the height of the tall circular perforation platform 14-5. Both the tall circular perforation platform 14-5 and the short circular perforation platform 14-6 have through holes B at their centers, through which the metal heat exchange tube 13 passes. The inner diameter of through hole B is the same as that of through hole A.

[0044] The working principle of this solid-state hydrogen storage system is as follows: Taking the filling of a solid-state hydrogen storage device with magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy as an example, when releasing hydrogen using the solid-state hydrogen storage system, the heat exchange equipment is connected to the power supply, and the heating temperature is set to 320℃. After the heat transfer fluid is heated to 320℃, the circulation pump 20 is turned on to pump the heat transfer fluid into the solid-state hydrogen storage device. The heat transfer fluid is sent to the metal heat exchange tube 13 through the circulation pump and heats the magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy in the hydrogen storage module 14. When the temperature sensor A detects that the temperature has risen to 300℃, the shut-off valve B12 is opened and closed. Close shut-off valve A3 to release hydrogen. The heat transfer liquid that has completed heat exchange passes through temperature sensor C24. If the temperature is higher than 310℃, it continues to enter the solid hydrogen storage device for heat exchange through three-way solenoid valves B23 and A19. If the temperature is lower than 310℃, it returns to heat exchange equipment 22 through three-way solenoid valve B23 to be heated to 310℃, and then enters the solid hydrogen storage device through three-way solenoid valve A19 for heat exchange. This keeps the magnesium-based hydrogen storage alloy at the optimal hydrogen release temperature of 300℃ until the hydrogen release is complete.

Claims

1. A solid state hydrogen storage system with a regenerative heat exchange system, characterized in that, The application relates to a solid-state hydrogen storage device (18) and a heat exchange device (22), wherein the solid-state hydrogen storage device (18) is internally provided with a heat exchange medium channel and a hydrogen storage alloy containing cavity (6), the heat exchange medium channel has a medium inlet (1) at one end and a medium outlet (10) at the other end, both are connected with the heat exchange device (22) through pipelines, the hydrogen storage alloy containing cavity (6) is composed of multiple hydrogen storage modules (14) stacked up and down, the hydrogen storage module (14) is provided with a through hole through which the heat exchange medium channel can pass, a circulating pump (20) and a three-way electromagnetic valve A (19) are sequentially arranged between the heat exchange device (22) and the medium inlet (1), a three-way electromagnetic valve B (23) and a temperature sensor C (24) are sequentially arranged between the heat exchange device (22) and the medium outlet (10), and the three-way electromagnetic valve A (19) and the three-way electromagnetic valve B (23) are connected through pipelines.

2. The solid-state hydrogen storage system with a regenerative heat exchanger system of claim 1, wherein, The solid-state hydrogen storage device (18) comprises an upper medium containing cavity (2), a tank body (5) and a lower medium containing cavity (9) which are sequentially connected, the medium inlet (1) penetrates through the upper medium containing cavity (2), the medium outlet (10) penetrates through the lower medium containing cavity (9), and the hydrogen storage alloy containing cavity (6) is located in the tank body (5), an upper porous partition plate (16) is arranged between the upper medium containing cavity (2) and the tank body (5), a lower porous partition plate (8) is arranged between the tank body (5) and the lower medium containing cavity (9), the upper porous partition plate (16) and the lower porous partition plate (8) are provided with through holes A with the same aperture at the same positions, and metal heat exchange pipes (13) are arranged in the through holes A.

3. The solid-state hydrogen storage system with a regenerative heat exchanger system of claim 2, wherein, The hydrogen storage module (14) is a shell structure with an open top and is welded by multiple hydrogen storage units (14-4).

4. The solid-state hydrogen storage system with a regenerative heat exchanger system of claim 3, wherein, The hydrogen storage unit (14-4) is triangular and is welded by a bottom plate (14-1), heat-conducting fins (14-2), peripheral baffle plates (14-3), high circular hole platforms (14-5) and low circular hole platforms (14-6), the peripheral baffle plates (14-3) are the high circular hole platforms (14-5) between adjacent peripheral baffle plates (14-3), and the heat-conducting fins (14-2) are the low circular hole platforms (14-6) between adjacent heat-conducting fins (14-2).

5. The solid-state hydrogen storage system with a regenerative heat exchanger system of claim 4, wherein, The heights of the heat-conducting fins (14-2), the peripheral baffle plates (14-3) and the low circular hole platforms (14-6) are all lower than the height of the high circular hole platforms (14-5).

6. The solid-state hydrogen storage system with a regenerative heat exchanger system of claim 5, wherein, The high circular hole platforms (14-5) and the low circular hole platforms (14-6) are both provided with through holes B in the centers, and the metal heat exchange pipes (13) pass through the through holes B.

7. The solid-state hydrogen storage system with a regenerative heat exchanger system of claim 5, wherein, The lower porous partition plate (8) is provided with a buffer pad (7) on the top.

8. The solid-state hydrogen storage system with a regenerative heat exchanger system of claim 5, wherein, The tank body (5) is provided with a hydrogen inlet (4) and a hydrogen outlet (11) on the side, the hydrogen inlet (4) is provided with a stop valve A (3), and the hydrogen outlet (11) is provided with a stop valve B (12).

9. The solid-state hydrogen storage system with a regenerative heat exchanger system of claim 5, wherein, The tank body (5) is provided with a temperature sensor A (15) on the side.

10. The solid-state hydrogen storage system with a regenerative heat exchanger system of claim 1, wherein, The heat exchange device (22) is provided with a temperature sensor B (21) between the heat exchange device (22) and the circulating pump (20).

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