Method and system for monitoring elevation transmission of vertical displacement in dam

Abstract

The invention discloses a dam internal vertical displacement elevation transmission monitoring method and system, and the method comprises the steps: 1, selecting a dam external reference point, and obtaining the absolute elevation of a dam crest target benchmark; secondly, a dam foundation benchmark is laid, the original distance variation between the dam crest target benchmark and the dam foundation benchmark is obtained through automatic measurement, and the temperature of the dam crest and the temperature of the dam foundation are collected; 3, calculating a temperature correction amount, and superposing the temperature correction amount with the original distance variation amount; 4, calculating the additional elongation, and superposing the additional elongation with the distance variation after temperature correction; 5, deducing to obtain dam foundation benchmark absolute elevation; and sixthly, a plurality of level monitoring points are arranged on the dam foundation, the absolute elevation of each level monitoring point is obtained with the absolute elevation of the dam foundation level points as the benchmark, and monitoring of elevation transmission of vertical displacement in the dam is achieved by periodically remeasuring the absolute elevation change of each dam foundation level monitoring point. Therefore, the internal vertical displacement of the dam can be accurately and quickly monitored.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a dam monitoring method and system, belonging to the field of water conservancy engineering safety monitoring technology, and particularly to a method and system for monitoring the vertical displacement elevation transfer inside a dam. Background Technology

[0002] Vertical displacement (settlement / uplift) of a dam directly reflects whether there is uneven deformation and foundation instability risk in the dam body and foundation, and is a core indicator for judging dam safety. Monitoring vertical displacement inside the dam requires transferring the elevation of external stable benchmarks to internal measuring points through elevation transfer to achieve absolute quantification of deformation. Therefore, elevation transfer monitoring of vertical displacement inside the dam is essential. Currently, leveling, GNSS observation, trigonometric leveling, and steel tape distance measurement are commonly used for monitoring vertical displacement inside the dam. However, leveling and steel tape distance measurement both rely on manual operation. The former requires frequent manual intervention due to the narrow corridors inside the dam, resulting in low efficiency and difficulty in continuous monitoring. The latter suffers from poor accuracy and stability due to manual operation. GNSS and trigonometric leveling methods generally have low accuracy. The former suffers from signal obstruction and interference within the corridors, leading to substandard accuracy. The latter is affected by atmospheric refraction caused by temperature differences, making error accumulation easy. Therefore, it is impossible to accurately and quickly monitor the vertical displacement inside the dam.

[0003] Chinese patent application No. 202411024332.3, filed on July 29, 2024, discloses a high-precision dam elevation transfer method and device. The high-precision dam elevation transfer method includes the following steps: S1, installing the elevation transfer device and measuring the initial elevation of each point and the initial elevation difference between points; S2, during the i-th measurement, measuring the elevation difference between the elevation transfer device and the dam foundation surface; S3, measuring the absolute elevation of the dam crest leveling point based on the check benchmark near the dam crest and the working benchmarks on both banks; S4, calculating the elevation of the dam foundation leveling point using the data from S1 and S2 and the absolute elevation of the dam crest leveling point from S3; S5, using the calculated dam foundation leveling point as a new starting point to measure other leveling points on the dam foundation surface. Although this patent can transfer elevation from the dam crest to the dam foundation surface, it still has the following drawbacks:

[0004] This design can only transmit elevation data and cannot accurately and quickly monitor the vertical displacement inside the dam.

[0005] The information disclosed in this background section is intended only to enhance the understanding of the overall background of this patent application and should not be construed as an admission or in any way implying that the information constitutes prior art known to those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this invention is to overcome the defects and problems of existing technologies that cannot accurately and quickly monitor the vertical displacement inside a dam, and to provide a method and system for monitoring the vertical displacement elevation transfer inside a dam that can accurately and quickly monitor the vertical displacement inside a dam.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is: a method and system for monitoring the vertical displacement elevation transfer inside a dam, the method comprising the following steps:

[0008] Step 1: First, select an external benchmark point outside the dam and obtain its basic information and historical elevation data. Then, using the benchmark point as the starting point, measure the elevation difference between the benchmark point and the target leveling point on the dam crest. Finally, superimpose the elevation difference with the historical elevation data of the benchmark point to obtain the absolute elevation of the target leveling point on the dam crest.

[0009] The second step is to first establish dam foundation leveling points that are perpendicular to the aforementioned target leveling point on the dam crest. Then, the change in the vertical distance between the target leveling point on the dam crest and the dam foundation leveling points is automatically observed to obtain the original distance change between them. At the same time, the ambient temperature at the target leveling point on the dam crest and the dam foundation leveling points is collected in real time to obtain the temperature of the target leveling point on the dam crest and the temperature of the dam foundation leveling points.

[0010] Step 3: Based on the above target level point temperature on the dam crest and the level point temperature on the dam foundation, calculate the temperature correction amount caused by the fluctuation of ambient temperature, and add the temperature correction amount to the original distance change amount to obtain the distance change amount after temperature correction.

[0011] Step 4: Based on the above-mentioned temperature-corrected distance change, calculate the additional elongation generated during the transmission process, and then add the additional elongation to the temperature-corrected distance change to obtain the actual distance change from the dam crest to the dam foundation.

[0012] Step 5: Subtract the actual distance change from the dam crest to the dam foundation and the pre-measured initial absolute vertical distance from the dam crest to the dam foundation from the absolute elevation of the target benchmark at the dam crest to obtain the absolute elevation of the dam foundation benchmark.

[0013] Step 6: Set up several leveling monitoring points on the dam foundation. First, using the above-mentioned dam foundation leveling points as a reference, measure the elevation difference between the dam foundation leveling points and each leveling monitoring point in sequence. Then, combine the absolute elevation of the dam foundation leveling points to calculate the absolute elevation of each leveling monitoring point. Through periodic remeasurement, obtain the change in the absolute elevation of the dam foundation leveling monitoring points, thereby realizing the monitoring of the vertical displacement elevation transfer inside the dam.

[0014] In the first step, the measurement of the elevation difference between the benchmark point and the target leveling point on the dam crest, using the benchmark point as the starting point, means: taking the benchmark point as the starting point, conducting round-trip observations along the route between the benchmark point and the target leveling point on the dam crest to obtain observation data; and then performing rigorous adjustment calculations on the observation data to obtain the elevation difference between the benchmark point and the target leveling point on the dam crest.

[0015] In the second step, the automatic observation of the change in vertical distance between the target leveling point on the dam crest and the leveling point on the dam foundation refers to: using an elevation transfer device to automatically observe the change in vertical distance between the target leveling point on the dam crest and the leveling point on the dam foundation;

[0016] The elevation transfer device includes a dam crest elevation transfer device, a dam foundation elevation transfer device, and a displacement transfer connecting rod; the displacement transfer connecting rod is connected between the dam crest elevation transfer device and the dam foundation elevation transfer device; the dam crest elevation transfer device includes a dam crest displacement sensor; and the dam foundation elevation transfer device includes a dam foundation displacement sensor.

[0017] The dam crest elevation transfer device is connected to the dam crest target leveling point, and the dam foundation elevation transfer device is connected to the dam foundation leveling point, ensuring that the vertical line connecting the dam crest target leveling point and the dam foundation leveling point is aligned with the axis of the displacement transfer connecting rod; the vertical distance change is collected in real time by the dam crest displacement sensor and the dam foundation displacement sensor, and the collected analog signal is transmitted to the data acquisition and processing unit for conversion and processing to generate the original distance change.

[0018] In the second step, the real-time acquisition of the ambient temperature at the target level point on the dam crest and the level point on the dam foundation to obtain the temperature of the target level point on the dam crest and the temperature of the level point on the dam foundation refers to: using temperature sensors to automatically and in real-time acquire the ambient temperature at the target level point on the dam crest and the level point on the dam foundation, and simultaneously transmitting the acquired temperature data to the data acquisition and processing unit to obtain the temperature of the target level point on the dam crest and the level point on the dam foundation.

[0019] In the third step, calculating the temperature correction amount caused by environmental temperature fluctuations based on the aforementioned target level point temperature at the dam crest and the level point temperature at the dam foundation refers to: first, extracting the current and initial temperatures of the target level point at the dam crest and the current and initial temperatures of the level point at the dam foundation through the data acquisition and processing unit, and calculating the temperature fluctuation values ​​at the dam crest and the dam foundation respectively; then, determining the temperature correction coefficient of the dam foundation displacement sensor in the elevation transfer device, and calculating the deformation of the dam foundation displacement sensor caused by the dam foundation temperature change in combination with the dam foundation temperature fluctuation value; next, determining the temperature correction coefficient and actual installation length of the displacement transfer connecting rod, and calculating the deformation of the displacement transfer connecting rod caused by the combined temperature change of the dam crest and the dam foundation in combination with the combined influence of the temperature fluctuation values ​​at the dam crest and the dam foundation; then, determining the combined temperature deformation coefficient of the tensioner and the transmission spring in the dam foundation elevation transfer device, and calculating the deformation of the tensioner and the transmission spring caused by the dam foundation temperature change in combination with the dam foundation temperature fluctuation value; finally, integrating the three deformation amounts according to the actual direction of action to obtain the temperature correction amount.

[0020] In the fourth step, calculating the additional elongation generated during the transmission process based on the aforementioned temperature-corrected distance change means: first, based on the aforementioned temperature-corrected distance change, and combined with the stress state and material properties of the displacement transmission connecting rod, determining the stress and deformation relationship of the displacement transmission connecting rod during the transmission of vertical displacement; then, based on the material mechanics deformation principle, calculating the correlation between the temperature-corrected distance change and the material properties of the displacement transmission connecting rod to obtain the additional elongation generated by the displacement transmission connecting rod during the transmission process.

[0021] In the sixth step, the establishment of several leveling monitoring points on the dam foundation, using the aforementioned dam foundation leveling points as a reference, involves sequentially measuring the elevation difference between the dam foundation leveling points and each leveling monitoring point. Then, combining this with the absolute elevation of the dam foundation leveling points, the absolute elevation of each leveling monitoring point is calculated. Through periodic re-measurement, the changes in the absolute elevation of the dam foundation leveling monitoring points are obtained, thereby achieving the monitoring of the vertical displacement elevation transfer within the dam.

[0022] Several leveling monitoring points are evenly distributed within the dam foundation gallery. Using the absolute elevation of the dam foundation leveling point as the starting reference, round-trip observations are conducted between the dam foundation leveling point and each leveling monitoring point to obtain observation data. Then, rigorous adjustment calculations are performed on the observation data to obtain the elevation difference between each leveling monitoring point and the dam foundation leveling point. Based on the elevation difference and the absolute elevation of the dam foundation leveling point, the absolute elevation of each leveling monitoring point is calculated. Then, according to the set monitoring cycle, the round-trip observation and rigorous adjustment calculation process is repeated to obtain the absolute elevation of each leveling monitoring point in different monitoring cycles. By comparing and analyzing the absolute elevation values ​​of the same leveling monitoring point in different monitoring cycles, the vertical displacement elevation transfer inside the dam can be monitored.

[0023] The system includes an elevation transfer device, several anchor points, a displacement transfer connecting rod, and a data acquisition and processing unit; the elevation transfer device includes a dam crest elevation transfer device and a dam foundation elevation transfer device.

[0024] The dam crest elevation transfer device includes a dam crest shell, a dam crest transmission spring, a dam crest displacement sensor, a dam crest tensioner, and a dam crest temperature sensor. The bottom end of the dam crest shell is fixedly connected to the dam crest side. One end of the dam crest transmission spring is fixedly connected to the top end of the dam crest shell. The other end of the dam crest transmission spring is connected to one end of the dam crest displacement sensor. The other end of the dam crest displacement sensor is connected to one end of the dam crest tensioner. The dam crest temperature sensor is located inside the dam crest displacement sensor.

[0025] The dam foundation elevation transfer device includes a dam foundation shell, a dam foundation transmission spring, a dam foundation displacement sensor, a dam foundation tensioner, and a dam foundation temperature sensor. The bottom end of the dam foundation shell is fixedly connected to the side of the dam foundation. The lower end of the dam foundation transmission spring is connected to one end of the dam foundation displacement sensor. The other end of the dam foundation displacement sensor is connected to one end of the dam foundation tensioner. The dam foundation temperature sensor is located inside the dam foundation displacement sensor.

[0026] The anchoring points include dam crest anchoring points and dam foundation anchoring points; the dam crest anchoring points and dam foundation anchoring points are respectively aligned with the elevations of the dam crest target leveling point and the dam foundation leveling point;

[0027] The other end of the dam crest tensioner is connected to the dam crest anchor point, and the other end of the dam foundation tensioner is connected to the dam foundation anchor point; one end of the displacement transmission connecting rod is connected to the bottom end of the dam crest shell, and the other end of the displacement transmission connecting rod is connected to the upper end of the dam foundation transmission spring; the axis of the displacement transmission connecting rod is aligned with the vertical line connecting the dam crest anchor point and the dam foundation anchor point; the data acquisition and processing unit is communicatively connected to the dam crest displacement sensor, the dam foundation displacement sensor, the dam crest temperature sensor, and the dam foundation temperature sensor.

[0028] The elevation transfer device also includes several dam section elevation transfer devices, and the anchoring point also includes several dam section anchoring points. The elevation of the dam section anchoring point is consistent with the elevation of the corresponding dam section leveling point. The number of displacement transfer connecting rods is adapted to the number of dam section elevation transfer devices.

[0029] The dam section elevation transfer device includes a dam section shell, a dam section transmission spring, a dam section displacement sensor, and a dam section tensioner. The dam section shell is fixedly connected to the corresponding dam section side. The lower end of the dam section transmission spring is connected to one end of the dam section displacement sensor. The other end of the dam section displacement sensor is connected to one end of the dam section tensioner. The other end of the dam section tensioner is connected to the corresponding dam section anchor point.

[0030] Two adjacent dam section elevation transfer devices are coaxially connected by displacement transfer connecting rods. One end of one displacement transfer connecting rod is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the shell of the dam crest elevation transfer device, and the other end of the displacement transfer connecting rod is fixedly connected to the upper end of the dam section transmission spring of the first dam section elevation transfer device. One end of the last displacement transfer connecting rod is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the dam section shell of the last dam section elevation transfer device, and the other end of the displacement transfer connecting rod is fixedly connected to the upper end of the dam foundation transmission spring. The dam section displacement sensor is connected to the data acquisition and processing unit for communication.

[0031] The system also includes several manual reading devices. Each of the dam crest elevation transfer device, dam foundation elevation transfer device, and several dam section elevation transfer devices is equipped with a corresponding manual reading device.

[0032] Each of the aforementioned manual reading devices includes a fixed rod, a reading scale, and a reading pointer; one end of each fixed rod is fixedly connected to the inner side of the dam crest shell, the dam foundation shell, and the corresponding several dam section shells, respectively; the other end of each fixed rod is fixedly connected to the side of the corresponding reading scale that has no reading; each reading pointer is fixedly connected to the upper end of the dam crest tensioner, the dam foundation tensioner, and the corresponding dam section tensioner, respectively; and the reading pointer indicates the corresponding displacement scale on the reading scale.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0034] 1. This invention discloses a method and system for monitoring vertical displacement elevation transfer inside a dam. The method includes: firstly, selecting an external reference point outside the dam; using the reference point as the starting point, measuring the elevation difference between the external reference point and the target leveling point on the dam crest; superimposing the reference point elevations to obtain the absolute elevation of the target leveling point on the dam crest; then, establishing dam foundation leveling points perpendicular to the target leveling point on the dam crest; automatically measuring the change in the original distance between the target leveling point on the dam crest and the dam foundation leveling points; simultaneously collecting the temperatures of the dam crest and dam foundation; and then calculating temperature corrections. The actual distance change between the target leveling point on the dam crest and the leveling point on the dam foundation is obtained by successively superimposing the measured amount and the additional elongation. This yields the absolute elevation of the dam foundation leveling point. Several leveling monitoring points are set up on the dam foundation. First, using the dam foundation leveling point as a reference, the elevation difference between the dam foundation leveling point and each leveling monitoring point is measured sequentially. Then, combined with the absolute elevation of the dam foundation leveling point, the absolute elevation of each leveling monitoring point is obtained. Through periodic remeasurement, the change in the absolute elevation of the dam foundation leveling monitoring points is obtained, thereby realizing the monitoring of the vertical displacement elevation transfer within the dam. The advantages of this invention also include:

[0035] Firstly, by setting up multiple leveling monitoring points on the dam foundation, a monitoring network covering the entire dam foundation was constructed, breaking through the limitations of traditional single-point monitoring. This network uses the accurately transmitted dam foundation leveling points as a unified benchmark, and can simultaneously obtain the overall settlement of the dam and the uneven deformation of each dam section, fundamentally solving the problem that the existing technology has a limited monitoring range and is difficult to reflect the true deformation of the entire dam.

[0036] Secondly, by transferring high-precision external benchmarks to the top of the dam and then subjecting them to dual corrections based on temperature and mechanical factors, the accuracy of the absolute elevation of the dam foundation benchmarks is ensured. The accurate absolute elevation of the dam foundation benchmarks provides a reliable starting point for the entire dam foundation monitoring network, eliminating the transmission and accumulation of systematic errors from the data source, thus fundamentally guaranteeing the accuracy of the final monitoring results.

[0037] Thirdly, by automatically collecting raw distance changes and temperature data in real time, and completing temperature correction calculations and elevation derivation, there is no need for manual point-by-point repeated measurements, thus achieving rapid response and continuous monitoring, avoiding the shortcomings of existing technologies that rely on manual point-by-point measurements and are inefficient.

[0038] Therefore, this invention can not only monitor the vertical displacement inside the dam, but also monitor the vertical displacement inside the dam accurately and quickly.

[0039] 2. This invention discloses a method and system for monitoring vertical displacement elevation transfer within a dam. Temperature sensors are used to automatically and in real-time collect the ambient temperature of target benchmarks at the dam crest and dam foundation. The collected temperature data is simultaneously and automatically transmitted to a data acquisition and processing unit to obtain the temperatures of the target benchmarks at the dam crest and dam foundation. In application, the temperature sensors are first installed at the target benchmarks at the dam crest and dam foundation, ensuring close contact between the sensors and the dam body to collect real-time ambient temperature data. Precise temperature corrections are then applied to address the temperature differences between the dam crest and dam foundation environments, eliminating interference from deformation caused by temperature changes on elevation transfer. This resolves temperature-induced measurement errors and significantly improves elevation transfer accuracy. Therefore, this invention not only enables accurate and rapid monitoring of vertical displacement within a dam but also improves elevation transfer accuracy.

[0040] 3. In the present invention, a method and system for monitoring vertical displacement elevation transfer within a dam, the absolute elevation of the dam foundation benchmark is used as the starting point. The elevation difference between the dam foundation benchmark and each monitoring point is measured sequentially. Combined with the absolute elevation of the dam foundation benchmark, the absolute elevation of each monitoring point is calculated. Through periodic remeasurement, the changes in the absolute elevation of the dam foundation monitoring points are obtained, thereby achieving monitoring of vertical displacement elevation transfer within the dam. In application, this invention not only accurately and reliably transfers the elevation of external benchmarks to the dam foundation gallery, efficiently obtaining the absolute elevation of the dam foundation benchmark, but also serves as a monitoring unit. Using the absolute elevation of the dam foundation benchmark as a reference, the absolute elevations of multiple monitoring points deployed on the dam foundation are obtained. Through periodic remeasurement, the changes in the absolute elevation of the dam foundation monitoring points are obtained, achieving long-term monitoring of vertical displacement within the dam. Therefore, this invention not only improves the accuracy of elevation transfer but also combines elevation transfer and independent monitoring functions.

[0041] 4. In the vertical displacement elevation transfer monitoring method and system inside a dam according to the present invention, the system further includes several manual reading devices. Each of the dam crest elevation transfer device, dam foundation elevation transfer device, and several dam section elevation transfer devices has a corresponding manual reading device. Each manual reading device includes a fixed rod, a reading scale, and a reading pointer. In application, the reading pointer is fixed to the upper end of the corresponding tensioner of the dam crest, dam foundation, or dam section, allowing the reading pointer to change synchronously with the displacement of the tensioner. The reading pointer is then calibrated to initially point to the zero mark of the reading scale. During daily monitoring, the scale value of the reading pointer on the reading scale is periodically read manually and compared with the displacement data of the automatic monitoring system to verify accuracy. If the automatic system malfunctions, the scale values ​​of the reading pointer before and after the malfunction can be recorded, the displacement change can be calculated, and the elevation of each leveling point can be manually derived by combining the pre-measured absolute elevation of the dam crest and the initial vertical distance between each part and the dam crest, ensuring continuous and uninterrupted monitoring. Therefore, the present invention not only combines elevation transfer and independent monitoring functions but also improves the reliability and continuity of monitoring data. Attached Figure Description

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the system observation for automated monitoring of vertical displacement elevation transfer inside the dam in this invention.

[0043] Figure 2 This is a flowchart of the operation of the elevation transfer system in this invention.

[0044] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the dam crest elevation transfer device in this invention.

[0045] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the dam foundation elevation transfer device in this invention.

[0046] Figure 5This is a schematic diagram of the installation of the dam section elevation transfer device in this invention.

[0047] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the manual reading device in this invention.

[0048] In the diagram: Elevation transfer device 1, dam crest elevation transfer device 11, dam crest shell 111, dam crest transmission spring 112, dam crest displacement sensor 113, dam crest tensioner 114, dam crest temperature sensor 115, dam foundation elevation transfer device 12, dam foundation shell 121, dam foundation transmission spring 122, dam foundation displacement sensor 123, dam foundation tensioner 124, dam foundation temperature sensor 125, connecting bolt 127, automated communication cable 128, dam section elevation transfer device 13, dam section shell 131, dam section transmission spring 132, dam section displacement sensor 133, dam section tensioner 134, anchor point 2, dam crest anchor point 21, dam foundation anchor point 22, dam section anchor point 23, displacement transfer connecting rod 3, manual reading device 4, fixed rod 41, reading scale 42, reading pointer 43, knob 44, transmission rod 45. Detailed Implementation

[0049] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0050] See Figure 1 — Figure 6 A method and system for monitoring vertical displacement elevation transfer inside a dam, the method comprising the following steps:

[0051] Step 1: First, select an external benchmark point outside the dam and obtain its basic information and historical elevation data. Then, using the benchmark point as the starting point, measure the elevation difference between the benchmark point and the target leveling point on the dam crest. Finally, superimpose the elevation difference with the historical elevation data of the benchmark point to obtain the absolute elevation of the target leveling point on the dam crest.

[0052] The second step is to first establish dam foundation leveling points that are perpendicular to the aforementioned target leveling point on the dam crest. Then, the change in the vertical distance between the target leveling point on the dam crest and the dam foundation leveling points is automatically observed to obtain the original distance change between them. At the same time, the ambient temperature at the target leveling point on the dam crest and the dam foundation leveling points is collected in real time to obtain the temperature of the target leveling point on the dam crest and the temperature of the dam foundation leveling points.

[0053] Step 3: Based on the above target level point temperature on the dam crest and the level point temperature on the dam foundation, calculate the temperature correction amount caused by the fluctuation of ambient temperature, and add the temperature correction amount to the original distance change amount to obtain the distance change amount after temperature correction.

[0054] Step 4: Based on the above-mentioned temperature-corrected distance change, calculate the additional elongation generated during the transmission process, and then add the additional elongation to the temperature-corrected distance change to obtain the actual distance change from the dam crest to the dam foundation.

[0055] Step 5: Subtract the actual distance change from the dam crest to the dam foundation and the pre-measured initial absolute vertical distance from the dam crest to the dam foundation from the absolute elevation of the target benchmark at the dam crest to obtain the absolute elevation of the dam foundation benchmark.

[0056] Step 6: Set up several leveling monitoring points on the dam foundation. First, using the above-mentioned dam foundation leveling points as a reference, measure the elevation difference between the dam foundation leveling points and each leveling monitoring point in sequence. Then, combine the absolute elevation of the dam foundation leveling points to calculate the absolute elevation of each leveling monitoring point. Through periodic remeasurement, obtain the change in the absolute elevation of the dam foundation leveling monitoring points, thereby realizing the monitoring of the vertical displacement elevation transfer inside the dam.

[0057] In the first step, the measurement of the elevation difference between the benchmark point and the target leveling point on the dam crest, using the benchmark point as the starting point, means: taking the benchmark point as the starting point, conducting round-trip observations along the route between the benchmark point and the target leveling point on the dam crest to obtain observation data; and then performing rigorous adjustment calculations on the observation data to obtain the elevation difference between the benchmark point and the target leveling point on the dam crest.

[0058] In the second step, the automatic observation of the change in vertical distance between the target leveling point on the dam crest and the leveling point on the dam foundation refers to: using the elevation transfer device 1 to automatically observe the change in vertical distance between the target leveling point on the dam crest and the leveling point on the dam foundation;

[0059] The elevation transfer device 1 includes a dam crest elevation transfer device 11, a dam foundation elevation transfer device 12, and a displacement transfer connecting rod 3; the displacement transfer connecting rod 3 is connected between the dam crest elevation transfer device 11 and the dam foundation elevation transfer device 12; the dam crest elevation transfer device 11 includes a dam crest displacement sensor 113; and the dam foundation elevation transfer device 12 includes a dam foundation displacement sensor 123.

[0060] The dam crest elevation transfer device 11 is connected to the dam crest target leveling point, and the dam foundation elevation transfer device 12 is connected to the dam foundation leveling point, ensuring that the vertical line connecting the dam crest target leveling point and the dam foundation leveling point is aligned with the axis of the displacement transfer connecting rod 3; the vertical distance change is collected in real time by the dam crest displacement sensor 113 and the dam foundation displacement sensor 123, and the collected analog signal is transmitted to the data acquisition and processing unit for conversion and processing to generate the original distance change.

[0061] In the second step, the real-time acquisition of the ambient temperature at the target level point on the dam crest and the level point on the dam foundation to obtain the temperature of the target level point on the dam crest and the temperature of the level point on the dam foundation refers to: using temperature sensors to automatically and in real-time acquire the ambient temperature at the target level point on the dam crest and the level point on the dam foundation, and simultaneously transmitting the acquired temperature data to the data acquisition and processing unit to obtain the temperature of the target level point on the dam crest and the level point on the dam foundation.

[0062] In the third step, calculating the temperature correction amount caused by environmental temperature fluctuations based on the above-mentioned target level point temperature on the dam crest and the level point temperature on the dam foundation refers to: firstly, extracting the current and initial temperatures of the target level point on the dam crest and the current and initial temperatures of the level point on the dam foundation through the data acquisition and processing unit, and calculating the temperature fluctuation values ​​of the dam crest and the dam foundation respectively; then determining the temperature correction coefficient of the dam foundation displacement sensor 123 in the elevation transfer device 1, and calculating the deformation of the dam foundation displacement sensor 123 caused by the change in dam foundation temperature in combination with the dam foundation temperature fluctuation value; next, determining the temperature correction coefficient and actual installation length of the displacement transfer connecting rod 3, and calculating the deformation of the displacement transfer connecting rod 3 caused by the combined change in dam crest and dam foundation temperatures in combination with the combined influence of the temperature fluctuation values ​​on the dam crest and the dam foundation; then determining the combined temperature deformation coefficient of the tensioner and transmission spring in the dam foundation elevation transfer device 12, and calculating the deformation of the tensioner and transmission spring caused by the change in dam foundation temperature in combination with the dam foundation temperature fluctuation value; finally, integrating the three deformation amounts according to the actual direction of action to obtain the temperature correction amount.

[0063] In the fourth step, calculating the additional elongation generated during the transmission process based on the aforementioned temperature-corrected distance change means: first, based on the aforementioned temperature-corrected distance change, and combined with the stress state and material properties of the displacement transmission connecting rod 3, determining the stress-deformation relationship of the displacement transmission connecting rod 3 during the transmission of vertical displacement; then, based on the material mechanics deformation principle, calculating the correlation between the temperature-corrected distance change and the material properties of the displacement transmission connecting rod 3 to obtain the additional elongation generated by the displacement transmission connecting rod 3 during the transmission process.

[0064] In the sixth step, the establishment of several leveling monitoring points on the dam foundation, using the aforementioned dam foundation leveling points as a reference, involves sequentially measuring the elevation difference between the dam foundation leveling points and each leveling monitoring point. Then, combining this with the absolute elevation of the dam foundation leveling points, the absolute elevation of each leveling monitoring point is calculated. Through periodic re-measurement, the changes in the absolute elevation of the dam foundation leveling monitoring points are obtained, thereby achieving the monitoring of the vertical displacement elevation transfer within the dam.

[0065] Several leveling monitoring points are evenly distributed within the dam foundation gallery. Using the absolute elevation of the dam foundation leveling point as the starting reference, round-trip observations are conducted between the dam foundation leveling point and each leveling monitoring point to obtain observation data. Then, rigorous adjustment calculations are performed on the observation data to obtain the elevation difference between each leveling monitoring point and the dam foundation leveling point. Based on the elevation difference and the absolute elevation of the dam foundation leveling point, the absolute elevation of each leveling monitoring point is calculated. Then, according to the set monitoring cycle, the round-trip observation and rigorous adjustment calculation process is repeated to obtain the absolute elevation of each leveling monitoring point in different monitoring cycles. By comparing and analyzing the absolute elevation values ​​of the same leveling monitoring point in different monitoring cycles, the vertical displacement elevation transfer inside the dam can be monitored.

[0066] The system includes an elevation transfer device 1, several anchor points 2, a displacement transfer connecting rod 3, and a data acquisition and processing unit; the elevation transfer device 1 includes a dam crest elevation transfer device 11 and a dam foundation elevation transfer device 12.

[0067] The dam crest elevation transfer device 11 includes a dam crest housing 111, a dam crest transmission spring 112, a dam crest displacement sensor 113, a dam crest tensioner 114, and a dam crest temperature sensor 115. The bottom end of the dam crest housing 111 is fixedly connected to the dam crest side. One end of the dam crest transmission spring 112 is fixedly connected to the top end of the dam crest housing 111. The other end of the dam crest transmission spring 112 is connected to one end of the dam crest displacement sensor 113. The other end of the dam crest displacement sensor 113 is connected to one end of the dam crest tensioner 114. The dam crest temperature sensor 115 is located inside the dam crest displacement sensor 113.

[0068] The dam foundation elevation transfer device 12 includes a dam foundation shell 121, a dam foundation transmission spring 122, a dam foundation displacement sensor 123, a dam foundation tensioner 124, and a dam foundation temperature sensor 125. The bottom end of the dam foundation shell 121 is fixedly connected to the side of the dam foundation. The lower end of the dam foundation transmission spring 122 is connected to one end of the dam foundation displacement sensor 123. The other end of the dam foundation displacement sensor 123 is connected to one end of the dam foundation tensioner 124. The dam foundation temperature sensor 125 is located inside the dam foundation displacement sensor 123.

[0069] The anchoring point 2 includes a dam crest anchoring point 21 and a dam foundation anchoring point 22; the dam crest anchoring point 21 and the dam foundation anchoring point 22 are at the same elevation as the dam crest target leveling point and the dam foundation leveling point, respectively.

[0070] The other end of the dam crest tensioner 114 is connected to the dam crest anchor point 21, and the other end of the dam foundation tensioner 124 is connected to the dam foundation anchor point 22; one end of the displacement transmission connecting rod 3 is connected to the bottom end of the dam crest shell 111, and the other end of the displacement transmission connecting rod 3 is connected to the upper end of the dam foundation transmission spring 122; the axis of the displacement transmission connecting rod 3 is aligned with the vertical line connecting the dam crest anchor point 21 and the dam foundation anchor point 22; the data acquisition and processing unit is connected to the dam crest displacement sensor 113, the dam foundation displacement sensor 123, the dam crest temperature sensor 115, and the dam foundation temperature sensor 125.

[0071] The elevation transfer device 1 also includes several dam section elevation transfer devices 13, and the anchoring point 2 also includes several dam section anchoring points 23. The elevation of the dam section anchoring point 23 is consistent with the elevation of the corresponding dam section leveling point. The number of displacement transfer connecting rods 3 is adapted to the number of dam section elevation transfer devices 13.

[0072] The dam section elevation transfer device 13 includes a dam section shell 131, a dam section transmission spring 132, a dam section displacement sensor 133, and a dam section tensioner 134. The dam section shell 131 is fixedly connected to the corresponding dam section side. The lower end of the dam section transmission spring 132 is connected to one end of the dam section displacement sensor 133. The other end of the dam section displacement sensor 133 is connected to one end of the dam section tensioner 134. The other end of the dam section tensioner 134 is connected to the corresponding dam section anchor point 23.

[0073] Two adjacent dam section elevation transfer devices 13 are coaxially connected by displacement transfer connecting rods 3. One end of one displacement transfer connecting rod 3 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the shell of the dam crest elevation transfer device 11, and the other end of the displacement transfer connecting rod 3 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the dam section transmission spring 132 of the first dam section elevation transfer device 13. One end of the last displacement transfer connecting rod 3 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the dam section shell 131 of the last dam section elevation transfer device 13, and the other end of the displacement transfer connecting rod 3 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the dam foundation transmission spring 122. The dam section displacement sensor 133 is connected to the data acquisition and processing unit for communication.

[0074] The system also includes several manual reading devices 4. Each of the dam crest elevation transfer device 11, dam foundation elevation transfer device 12, and several dam section elevation transfer devices 13 is equipped with a corresponding manual reading device 4.

[0075] Each of the aforementioned manual reading devices 4 includes a fixed rod 41, a reading scale 42, and a reading pointer 43; one end of each fixed rod 41 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the dam crest shell 111, the dam foundation shell 121, and the corresponding dam section shell 131, respectively; the other end of each fixed rod 41 is fixedly connected to the side of the corresponding reading scale 42 where there is no reading; each reading pointer 43 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the dam crest tensioner 114, the dam foundation tensioner 124, and the corresponding dam section tensioner 134, respectively; and the reading pointer 43 indicates the corresponding displacement scale on the reading scale 42.

[0076] The following are supplementary descriptions of the present invention:

[0077] In the first step of this invention, selecting an external reference point outside the dam means selecting a long-term stable and appropriately located external reference point from among the existing reference facilities outside the dam.

[0078] The long-term stability and location adaptation mentioned in this invention refer to: verifying stability data in recent years (e.g., 3-5 years), reviewing geological conditions on site, and ensuring that there are no tall obstacles between the benchmark point and the target leveling point on the dam crest.

[0079] Preferably, in the first step of this invention, the external reference point includes an external bimetallic marker.

[0080] In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, the basic information of the reference point in the first step includes location coordinates and stability assessment report.

[0081] Preferably, the number of displacement transmission connecting rods 3 is one more than the number of dam section elevation transmission devices 13.

[0082] Example 1:

[0083] See Figure 1 — Figure 6 A method and system for monitoring vertical displacement elevation transfer inside a dam, the method comprising the following steps:

[0084] Step 1: First, select an external benchmark point outside the dam and obtain its basic information and historical elevation data. Then, using the benchmark point as the starting point, measure the elevation difference between the benchmark point and the target leveling point on the dam crest. Finally, superimpose the elevation difference with the historical elevation data of the benchmark point to obtain the absolute elevation of the target leveling point on the dam crest.

[0085] The second step is to first establish dam foundation leveling points that are perpendicular to the aforementioned target leveling point on the dam crest. Then, the change in the vertical distance between the target leveling point on the dam crest and the dam foundation leveling points is automatically observed to obtain the original distance change between them. At the same time, the ambient temperature at the target leveling point on the dam crest and the dam foundation leveling points is collected in real time to obtain the temperature of the target leveling point on the dam crest and the temperature of the dam foundation leveling points.

[0086] Step 3: Based on the above target level point temperature on the dam crest and the level point temperature on the dam foundation, calculate the temperature correction amount caused by the fluctuation of ambient temperature, and add the temperature correction amount to the original distance change amount to obtain the distance change amount after temperature correction.

[0087] Step 4: Based on the above-mentioned temperature-corrected distance change, calculate the additional elongation generated during the transmission process, and then add the additional elongation to the temperature-corrected distance change to obtain the actual distance change from the dam crest to the dam foundation.

[0088] Step 5: Subtract the actual distance change from the dam crest to the dam foundation and the pre-measured initial absolute vertical distance from the dam crest to the dam foundation from the absolute elevation of the target benchmark at the dam crest to obtain the absolute elevation of the dam foundation benchmark.

[0089] Step 6: Set up several leveling monitoring points on the dam foundation. First, using the above-mentioned dam foundation leveling points as a reference, measure the elevation difference between the dam foundation leveling points and each leveling monitoring point in sequence. Then, combine the absolute elevation of the dam foundation leveling points to calculate the absolute elevation of each leveling monitoring point. Through periodic remeasurement, obtain the change in the absolute elevation of the dam foundation leveling monitoring points, thereby realizing the monitoring of the vertical displacement elevation transfer inside the dam.

[0090] Example 2:

[0091] The basic content is the same as in Example 1, except that: in the first step, the measurement of the elevation difference between the benchmark point and the target leveling point on the dam crest is as follows: taking the benchmark point as the starting benchmark, the route between the benchmark point and the target leveling point on the dam crest is observed back and forth to obtain the observation data; then the observation data is rigorously adjusted to obtain the elevation difference between the benchmark point and the target leveling point on the dam crest.

[0092] In application, a high-precision level (specifically a 0.1mm-level electronic level) is used in conjunction with an invar barcode ruler for testing. During testing, stations are set up along a pre-defined route between the benchmark point and the target benchmark point on the dam crest. First, measurements are taken from the benchmark point toward the target benchmark point on the dam crest, and then the measurements are taken in reverse from the target benchmark point on the dam crest toward the benchmark point. At each station, the leveling rod readings are strictly recorded in the "back-forward-forward-backward" observation sequence, and the same observer completes the same measurement section to avoid systematic errors introduced by differences in personnel operating habits. Then, the observation data is processed with rigorous adjustment calculations. By calculating the closure error and distributing and adjusting according to the distance of each measurement section or the number of stations, the elevation of the external benchmark point is accurately transferred to the target benchmark point on the dam crest, ensuring the accuracy of benchmark transfer.

[0093] Example 3:

[0094] The basic content is the same as in Example 1, except that: in the second step, the automatic observation of the change in vertical distance between the target leveling point on the dam crest and the leveling point on the dam foundation refers to: using an elevation transfer device 1 to automatically observe the change in vertical distance between the target leveling point on the dam crest and the leveling point on the dam foundation; the elevation transfer device 1 includes a dam crest elevation transfer device 11, a dam foundation elevation transfer device 12, and a displacement transfer connecting rod 3; the displacement transfer connecting rod 3 connects the dam crest elevation transfer device 11 and the dam foundation elevation transfer device 12, and the dam crest elevation transfer device 11 includes a dam crest displacement transfer device... The dam foundation elevation transfer device 12 includes a dam foundation displacement sensor 123. The dam crest elevation transfer device 11 is connected to the dam crest target leveling point, and the dam foundation elevation transfer device 12 is connected to the dam foundation leveling point, ensuring that the vertical line connecting the dam crest target leveling point and the dam foundation leveling point is aligned with the axis of the displacement transfer connecting rod 3. The vertical distance change is collected in real time through the dam crest displacement sensor 113 and the dam foundation displacement sensor 123, and the collected analog signal is transmitted to the data acquisition and processing unit for conversion and processing to generate the original distance change.

[0095] In application, the dam crest displacement sensor 113 and dam foundation displacement sensor 123 collect readings in real time and transmit the signals to the data acquisition and processing unit, which records the original vertical distance change. It is calculated by superimposing the changes in the measurements from the two sensors, and the formula is as follows: ;

[0096] in, , is the change in length measured by the dam crest displacement sensor 113;

[0097] , is the change in length measured by dam foundation displacement sensor 123;

[0098] , These represent the current and initial readings of the dam crest displacement sensor, respectively.

[0099] , These represent the current reading and initial reading of the dam foundation displacement sensor, respectively (initial reading). , (Usually obtained during the installation process).

[0100] The calibration coefficient is indicated (the unit is usually mm / digit or inches / digit).

[0101] This indicates the conversion factor for engineering units.

[0102] Example 4:

[0103] The basic content is the same as in Example 1, except that in the second step, the real-time acquisition of the ambient temperature at the target level point on the dam crest and the level point on the dam foundation to obtain the temperature of the target level point on the dam crest and the level point on the dam foundation means: using temperature sensors to automatically and in real-time acquire the ambient temperature at the target level point on the dam crest and the level point on the dam foundation, and simultaneously automatically transmitting the acquired temperature data to the data acquisition and processing unit to obtain the temperature of the target level point on the dam crest and the level point on the dam foundation.

[0104] In application, temperature sensors installed at the target leveling point on the dam crest and the leveling point on the dam foundation simultaneously and automatically collect ambient temperature data and upload it to the same data acquisition and processing unit in real time, achieving synchronous acquisition of distance and temperature data. This fully automated monitoring mode eliminates the need for manual measurement operations and abandons the cumbersome process of relying on multiple round trip measurements to control accuracy in traditional monitoring. It avoids the efficiency loss caused by round trip operations and eliminates the errors that may occur during manual reading and point transfer.

[0105] Example 5:

[0106] The basic content is the same as in Example 1, except that in the third step, the calculation of the temperature correction amount caused by the fluctuation of ambient temperature based on the above-mentioned target level point temperature on the dam crest and the level point temperature on the dam foundation refers to: firstly, extracting the current temperature and initial temperature of the target level point on the dam crest and the current temperature and initial temperature of the level point on the dam foundation through the data acquisition and processing unit, and calculating the temperature fluctuation value of the dam crest and the dam foundation respectively; then determining the temperature correction coefficient of the dam foundation displacement sensor 123 in the elevation transfer device 1, and calculating the deformation amount of the dam foundation displacement sensor 123 caused by the change of dam foundation temperature in combination with the dam foundation temperature fluctuation value; next, determining the temperature correction coefficient and actual installation length of the displacement transfer connecting rod 3, and calculating the deformation amount of the displacement transfer connecting rod 3 caused by the combined change of dam crest and dam foundation temperature in combination with the combined influence of the temperature fluctuation value of the dam crest and the dam foundation; then determining the combined temperature deformation coefficient of the tensioner and the transmission spring in the dam foundation elevation transfer device 12, and calculating the deformation amount of the tensioner and the transmission spring caused by the change of dam foundation temperature in combination with the dam foundation temperature fluctuation value; finally, integrating the three deformation amounts according to the actual direction of action to obtain the temperature correction amount.

[0107] When applied, the data acquisition and processing unit first extracts the current temperature T of the target leveling point on the dam crest. X1 Initial temperature T X0 And the current temperature T at the dam foundation leveling point S1 Initial temperature T S0 (The initial temperature refers to the ambient temperature at the target leveling point on the dam crest and the leveling point on the dam foundation when the elevation transfer device has been installed and debugged and the monitoring system has entered the initial reference state of stable operation.) The dam crest temperature fluctuation value is calculated. dam foundation temperature fluctuation value Considering the significant temperature difference between the dam crest and the dam foundation (typically the dam crest temperature is higher and the dam foundation temperature is lower), the temperature correction is calculated using the following formula:

[0108] ;

[0109] in, This indicates the deformation of the dam foundation displacement sensor 123 caused by changes in the dam foundation temperature. This indicates the deformation of displacement transmission connecting rod 3 caused by the combined temperature changes of the dam crest and dam foundation. This indicates the amount of deformation of the tensioner and spring in the dam foundation elevation transfer device 12 due to changes in dam foundation temperature.

[0110] K is the temperature correction coefficient of the dam foundation displacement sensor 123, which reflects its temperature sensitivity. The temperature correction coefficient K is determined by experiment. Since the value of K changes with the position of the displacement transmission connecting rod 3, it is necessary to first determine the temperature deformation coefficient of the dam foundation displacement sensor 123. (Where, R1 is the current reading; M is the range coefficient, which varies for sensors with different ranges; B is the range compensation constant, which also varies for sensors with different ranges; G is the calibration coefficient provided by the sensor calibration table); K r The temperature correction coefficient for displacement transmission connecting rod 3 is given by K, where L is the actual installation length of displacement transmission connecting rod 3, and the average value of temperature fluctuations at the dam crest and dam foundation is used to reflect the overall temperature influence. t The combined temperature deformation coefficient (specifically, K) of the tensioner and spring in the dam foundation elevation transfer device 12. t (0.0007" or 0.0178 mm / ℃).

[0111] Finally, through the formula The distance change after temperature correction is obtained; by accurately quantifying the deformation of each key component of the elevation transmission device caused by temperature fluctuations and integrating it into the total temperature correction, the consistency between the monitoring data and the actual deformation of the dam body is ensured.

[0112] Example 6:

[0113] The basic content is the same as in Example 1, except that in the fourth step, the calculation of the additional elongation generated during the transmission process based on the above-mentioned temperature-corrected distance change means: first, based on the above-mentioned temperature-corrected distance change, combined with the stress state and material properties of the displacement transmission connecting rod 3, the stress and deformation correspondence of the displacement transmission connecting rod 3 during the transmission of vertical displacement is determined; then, based on the material mechanics deformation principle, the temperature-corrected distance change and the material properties of the displacement transmission connecting rod 3 are correlated and calculated to obtain the additional elongation generated by the displacement transmission connecting rod 3 during the transmission process.

[0114] In application, considering that during the vertical displacement elevation transfer process inside the dam, the displacement transfer connecting rod 3 will undergo length deformation due to its own gravity, which will affect the accuracy of the measurement results, therefore, precise correction for the connecting rod elongation is required; the data acquisition and processing unit first calls the distance change after temperature correction obtained in the third step. Based on the principles of mechanics of materials, and considering the stress state and material properties (specifically, cross-sectional area and elastic modulus) of displacement transmission connecting rod 3, according to the formula... Calculate the additional elongation of displacement transmission connecting rod 3; where, This indicates the tension (N) of the displacement transmission connecting rod 3. This indicates the length (mm) of the displacement transmission connecting rod 3. This indicates the cross-sectional area of ​​the displacement transmission connecting rod 3 (specifically, a diameter of 6.35 mm in this invention). This represents the elastic modulus (MPa); while Depends on the spring constant and the deformation of the spring under external tension (i.e. ),because ,therefore, ;

[0115] Then through the formula This yields the actual change in distance from the dam crest to the dam foundation.

[0116] Example 7:

[0117] The basic content is the same as in Example 1, except that in the fifth step, the pre-measured initial absolute vertical distance from the dam crest to the dam foundation refers to the vertical distance between the dam crest target level point and the dam foundation level point measured after the elevation transfer device 1 has been installed and debugged, before the first automated observation of the change in vertical distance between the dam crest target level point and the dam foundation level point.

[0118] In application, after the elevation transfer device 1 completes mechanical installation, circuit connection, and parameter calibration, before the system first enters automated observation, the initial absolute vertical distance between the target level point on the dam crest and the level point on the dam foundation must be measured using a high-precision measuring instrument (such as a total station or electronic level). This distance will serve as the benchmark for subsequent calculations of the actual vertical displacement. Finally, the formula will be used to calculate the distance. (in, Indicates the elevation of the benchmark point on the dam foundation. Indicates the elevation of the target benchmark on the dam crest. This indicates the displacement after temperature correction and connecting rod elongation correction. (This represents the initial absolute vertical distance between the target leveling point on the dam crest and the leveling point on the dam foundation), and the absolute elevation of the leveling point on the dam foundation is calculated.

[0119] Example 8:

[0120] The basic content is the same as in Example 1, except that in the sixth step, the step of setting up several leveling monitoring points on the dam foundation, first using the aforementioned dam foundation leveling points as a reference, sequentially measuring the elevation difference between the dam foundation leveling points and each leveling monitoring point, and then combining the absolute elevation of the dam foundation leveling points to calculate the absolute elevation of each leveling monitoring point, and obtaining the change in the absolute elevation of the dam foundation leveling monitoring points through periodic remeasurement, thereby realizing the monitoring of the vertical displacement elevation transfer inside the dam, refers to: uniformly setting up several leveling monitoring points in the dam foundation gallery, using the absolute elevation of the dam foundation leveling points as the starting reference, and measuring the elevation difference between the dam foundation leveling points and each leveling monitoring point. The observation data is obtained by conducting round-trip observations along the route between each leveling monitoring point. Then, rigorous adjustment calculations are performed on the observation data to obtain the elevation difference between each leveling monitoring point and the dam foundation leveling point. Based on the elevation difference and the absolute elevation of the dam foundation leveling point, the absolute elevation of each leveling monitoring point is calculated. Then, according to a set monitoring cycle, the round-trip observation and rigorous adjustment calculation process is repeated to obtain the absolute elevation of each leveling monitoring point in different monitoring cycles. By comparing and analyzing the absolute elevation values ​​of the same leveling monitoring point in different monitoring cycles, the vertical displacement elevation transfer within the dam can be monitored.

[0121] In application, starting from the dam foundation benchmark, several leveling monitoring points are evenly spaced within the dam foundation gallery. Then, a high-precision level (specifically a 0.1mm-class electronic level) paired with an invar barcode ruler is used to conduct round-trip observations along the closed or attached leveling route formed by the dam foundation benchmark and the various leveling monitoring points, obtaining observation data. Rigorous adjustment calculations are then performed on the observation data to determine the elevation difference between each leveling monitoring point and the dam foundation benchmark. Adding the elevation difference of each leveling monitoring point to the known absolute elevation of the dam foundation benchmark yields the absolute elevation of each leveling monitoring point in the current monitoring cycle. In the next or subsequent monitoring cycle, the observation, adjustment, and calculation process is repeated to obtain the new absolute elevation of each leveling monitoring point. By comparing the elevation values ​​of the same leveling monitoring point in different cycles, the change in elevation represents the vertical displacement of that point within that time interval.

[0122] Furthermore, to ensure the long-term reliability of the benchmark, the absolute elevation of the dam foundation benchmark can be periodically remeasured by repeating steps one through five of this method to obtain a new absolute elevation of the dam foundation benchmark. When this new absolute elevation of the dam foundation benchmark is used as the benchmark, the same observation and calculation process described above can be used to obtain the absolute elevation values ​​of each leveling monitoring point based on the new benchmark, which have a more comprehensive reference significance. By comparing the absolute elevations of the same monitoring point based on the same benchmark at different times, the vertical displacement inside the dam can be monitored.

[0123] Example 9:

[0124] The basic content is the same as in Embodiment 1, except that: the system includes an elevation transfer device 1, several anchor points 2, a displacement transfer connecting rod 3, and a data acquisition and processing unit; the elevation transfer device 1 includes a dam crest elevation transfer device 11 and a dam foundation elevation transfer device 12; the dam crest elevation transfer device 11 includes a dam crest shell 111, a dam crest transmission spring 112, a dam crest displacement sensor 113, a dam crest tensioner 114, and a dam crest temperature sensor 115; the bottom end of the dam crest shell 111 is fixedly connected to the dam crest side, and one end of the dam crest transmission spring 112... The bottom end of the dam foundation is fixedly connected to the top of the dam crest shell 111. The other end of the dam crest transmission spring 112 is connected to one end of the dam crest displacement sensor 113. The other end of the dam crest displacement sensor 113 is connected to one end of the dam crest tensioner 114. The dam crest temperature sensor 115 is located inside the dam crest displacement sensor 113. The dam foundation elevation transmission device 12 includes a dam foundation shell 121, a dam foundation transmission spring 122, a dam foundation displacement sensor 123, a dam foundation tensioner 124, and a dam foundation temperature sensor 125. The bottom end of the dam foundation shell 121 is connected to the top of the dam crest shell 111. A fixed connection is made on the dam foundation side. The lower end of the dam foundation transmission spring 122 is connected to one end of the dam foundation displacement sensor 123, and the other end of the dam foundation displacement sensor 123 is connected to one end of the dam foundation tensioner 124. The dam foundation temperature sensor 125 is located inside the dam foundation displacement sensor 123. The anchoring point 2 includes a dam crest anchoring point 21 and a dam foundation anchoring point 22. The dam crest anchoring point 21 and the dam foundation anchoring point 22 are at the same elevation as the dam crest target leveling point and the dam foundation leveling point, respectively. The other end of the dam crest tensioner 114 is connected to the dam crest anchoring point 21. The dam foundation tensioner 124 is connected to the dam foundation anchor point 22 at one end; the displacement transmission connecting rod 3 is connected to the bottom end of the dam top shell 111 at one end, and the displacement transmission connecting rod 3 is connected to the upper end of the dam foundation transmission spring 122 at the other end; the axis of the displacement transmission connecting rod 3 is aligned with the vertical line connecting the dam top anchor point 21 and the dam foundation anchor point 22; the data acquisition and processing unit is connected to the dam top displacement sensor 113, the dam foundation displacement sensor 123, the dam top temperature sensor 115, and the dam foundation temperature sensor 125 for communication.

[0125] In application, firstly, cast anchor points 21 at the target leveling point on the dam crest and anchor points 22 at the leveling point on the dam foundation, ensuring that the elevations of anchor points 21 and 22 are consistent with the elevations of the target leveling point on the dam crest and the leveling point on the dam foundation, respectively, and that the vertical line connecting the two points is parallel to the central axis of the dam. Then, fix the bottom end of the dam crest shell 111 to the pre-set rock mass or concrete support on the dam crest side, and fix the bottom end of the dam foundation shell 121 to the pre-set rock mass or concrete support on the dam foundation side to prevent displacement acquisition distortion caused by shell tilting. Finally, fix one end of the displacement transmission connecting rod 3 to the bottom end of the dam crest shell 111 (e.g., by welding). The other end of the transmission connecting rod 3 is connected to the upper end of the dam foundation transmission spring 122 via the connecting bolt 127, ensuring that the axis of the displacement transmission connecting rod 3 is parallel to the vertical line connecting the dam crest anchor point 21 and the dam foundation anchor point 22; finally, the other end of the dam crest tensioner 114 is connected to the dam crest anchor point 21, and the other end of the dam foundation tensioner 124 is connected to the dam foundation anchor point 22 respectively, and the tension of the tensioner is adjusted to the preset value; then, the data acquisition and processing unit is connected to the dam crest displacement sensor 113, the dam foundation displacement sensor 123, the dam crest temperature sensor 115, and the dam foundation temperature sensor 125 via the automated communication cable 128.

[0126] After the system starts, when the target leveling point on the dam crest undergoes vertical displacement, because the dam crest anchoring point 21 has the same elevation as the target leveling point, and the dam crest tensioner 114 connects the dam crest anchoring point 21 and the dam crest displacement sensor 113, the displacement is transmitted to the dam crest housing 111 through the dam crest tensioner 114, causing the dam crest housing 111 to move synchronously. The movement of the dam crest housing 111 further pulls the dam crest transmission spring 112 fixed at its top, causing axial deformation. The tension change of the dam crest transmission spring 112 changes the vibration frequency of the vibrating string element inside the dam crest displacement sensor 113. The dam crest displacement sensor 113 converts this frequency change into an electrical signal, which directly corresponds to the vertical displacement of the target leveling point on the dam crest relative to its initial position. The original displacement data is transmitted to the data acquisition and processing unit in real time. Simultaneously, the bottom of the dam foundation shell 121 is fixed to a pre-set support on the side of the dam foundation. When the dam foundation undergoes slight deformation due to factors such as load and geological settlement, it will cause a slight movement of the dam foundation anchor point 22, which is aligned with the dam foundation leveling point elevation. This movement is transmitted to the dam foundation displacement sensor 123 via the dam foundation tensioner 124, which in turn pulls the dam foundation transmission spring 122 at the other end of the sensor, causing axial deformation. Similarly, the tension change of the dam foundation transmission spring 122 will change the vibration frequency of the vibrating string element inside the dam foundation displacement sensor 123. The sensor converts the frequency change into an electrical signal and transmits it to the data acquisition and processing unit. This electrical signal corresponds to the dam foundation leveling point elevation due to the dam foundation itself. The data acquisition and processing unit converts the two sets of signals into actual displacements, subtracts the dam foundation reference offset, and obtains the original distance change between the target level point on the dam crest and the dam foundation level point. Simultaneously, the dam crest temperature sensor 115 and the dam foundation temperature sensor 125 collect the ambient temperature at two points, recording them as the temperature of the target level point on the dam crest and the temperature of the dam foundation level point. Combining the temperature effect, the temperature correction caused by temperature fluctuations is calculated. This temperature correction is then superimposed with the original distance change to obtain the temperature-corrected distance change. Based on the temperature-corrected distance change and the characteristics of the displacement transmission connecting rod 3, the additional elongation of the connecting rod due to force during the transmission process is calculated using mechanical formulas and compared with... After temperature correction, the distance changes are superimposed to obtain the actual distance change from the dam crest to the dam foundation. The absolute elevation of the target benchmark at the dam crest and the initial absolute vertical distance from the dam crest to the dam foundation are obtained in advance through leveling surveys. The data acquisition and processing unit automatically calculates the absolute elevation of the dam foundation benchmark according to the formula (absolute elevation of the dam foundation benchmark = absolute elevation of the target benchmark at the dam crest - actual distance change from the dam crest to the dam foundation - initial absolute vertical distance from the dam crest to the dam foundation), and finally obtains the absolute elevation of the dam foundation benchmark. By monitoring the vertical displacement of the target benchmark at the dam crest, the benchmark offset of the dam foundation benchmark, the actual distance change between the dam crest and the dam foundation, and dynamically calculating the absolute elevation of the dam foundation benchmark, the vertical deformation state of the dam from the dam crest to the dam foundation can be monitored in real time.Changes in the absolute elevation of the dam foundation directly reflect the overall vertical displacement trend of the dam, while the relative displacement between the dam crest and the foundation reflects the differences in vertical deformation at different parts of the dam, thus enabling automated monitoring of the dam's vertical displacement.

[0127] Example 10:

[0128] The basic content is the same as in Embodiment 1, except that: the elevation transfer device 1 further includes several dam section elevation transfer devices 13, the anchoring point 2 further includes several dam section anchoring points 23, the dam section anchoring points 23 have the same elevation as the corresponding dam section leveling points, and the number of displacement transfer connecting rods 3 is adapted to the number of dam section elevation transfer devices 13; the dam section elevation transfer device 13 includes a dam section shell 131, a dam section transmission spring 132, a dam section displacement sensor 133, and a dam section tensioner 134; the dam section shell 131 is fixedly connected to the corresponding dam section side, the lower end of the dam section transmission spring 132 is connected to one end of the dam section displacement sensor 133, and the other end of the dam section displacement sensor 133 is connected to one end of the dam section tensioner 134. The connection is made so that the other end of the dam section tensioner 134 is connected to the corresponding dam section anchor point 23; two adjacent dam section elevation transfer devices 13 are coaxially connected through displacement transfer connecting rods 3, one end of one displacement transfer connecting rod 3 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the shell of the dam crest elevation transfer device 11, and the other end of the displacement transfer connecting rod 3 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the dam section transmission spring 132 of the first dam section elevation transfer device 13; one end of the last displacement transfer connecting rod 3 is fixedly connected to the bottom end of the dam section shell 131 of the last dam section elevation transfer device 13, and the other end of the displacement transfer connecting rod 3 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the dam foundation transmission spring 122; the dam section displacement sensor 133 is connected to the data acquisition and processing unit for communication.

[0129] In application, due to the height of the dam body, the vertical distance from the dam crest to the dam foundation is large. If only two measuring points are set at the dam crest and the dam foundation, the excessively long displacement transmission connecting rod 3 will introduce significant measurement errors due to its own deformation, temperature effect and other factors. Therefore, several dam section elevation transmission devices 13 are set up to construct a segmented monitoring system to improve accuracy and reliability.

[0130] First, anchor points 23 are poured at the leveling points of each dam section to ensure that their elevations are consistent with the corresponding leveling points of the dam section, and that the vertical lines connecting the anchor points from the dam crest to each dam section to the dam foundation are parallel to the central axis of the dam, forming a unified monitoring benchmark. Then, the shells 131 of each dam section are fixed to the pre-set supports of the dam section, and their verticality is calibrated to ensure consistency with the posture of the dam crest and foundation shells. Subsequently, a continuous link is established using displacement transmission connecting rods 3: the first displacement transmission connecting rod 3 connects the bottom end of the dam crest shell 111 to the upper end of the first dam section transmission spring 132, and adjacent dam sections... The intermediate displacement transmission connecting rod 3 connects the bottom end of the shell 131 of the previous dam section to the upper end of the transmission spring 132 of the next dam section, and the last displacement transmission connecting rod 3 connects the bottom end of the shell 131 of the last dam section to the upper end of the transmission spring 122 of the dam foundation. After the system is started, the displacement sensors 133 of each dam section synchronously collect the displacement signal of their respective sections. The data acquisition and processing unit collects the readings of all sensors, identifies and deducts the local interference caused by the temperature change of the dam section itself and the deformation of the connecting rod, and finally obtains the vertical distance change from the top of the dam to the dam foundation.

[0131] Example 11:

[0132] The basic content is the same as in Embodiment 1, except that the system further includes several manual reading devices 4. Each of the dam crest elevation transfer device 11, dam foundation elevation transfer device 12, and several dam section elevation transfer devices 13 is equipped with a corresponding manual reading device 4. Each manual reading device 4 includes a fixed rod 41, a reading scale 42, and a reading pointer 43. One end of each fixed rod 41 is fixedly connected to the inner side of the dam crest shell 111, the dam foundation shell 121, and the corresponding several dam section shells 131. The other end of each fixed rod 41 is fixedly connected to the side of the corresponding reading scale 42 where there is no reading. Each reading pointer 43 is fixedly connected to the upper end of the dam crest tensioner 114, the dam foundation tensioner 124, and the corresponding dam section tensioner 134. The reading pointer 43 indicates the corresponding displacement scale on the reading scale 42.

[0133] In application, one end of the fixing rod 41 of each manual reading device 4 is fixed to the inner side of the corresponding shell (dam crest shell 111, dam foundation shell 121, dam section shell 131), and the other end of the fixing rod 41 is connected to the unscaled side of the reading scale 42. Then, the reading pointer 43 is fixed to the upper end of the corresponding tensioner (dam crest tensioner 114, dam foundation tensioner 124, dam section tensioner 134), so that the reading pointer can change synchronously with the displacement of the tensioner. When calibrating, the reading pointer 43 initially points to the zero mark of the reading scale 42, ensuring that the reading pointer 43 is in contact with the scale surface of the reading scale 42. In daily monitoring, the manual reading device 4 is used to verify the automatic data: it is periodically recorded in the automatic system. While collecting data, the manual reader reads the scale values ​​of each reading pointer 43 on the reading scale 42 and compares the converted displacement values ​​with the automatic monitoring data. If the difference is within the allowable error, the automatic system is normal; if the difference exceeds the range, the automatic data is calibrated based on the manual reading. In addition, when the automatic system malfunctions and the displacement cannot be automatically transmitted (such as a broken connecting rod or a damaged sensor), the manual reading device 4 can be used as an emergency supplement: record the scale values ​​indicated by each reading pointer 43 on the reading scale 42 before and after the malfunction, calculate the displacement change through the scale difference, and then, in combination with the absolute elevation of the dam crest and the initial vertical distance, manually calculate the elevation of the leveling points at each location to ensure uninterrupted monitoring.

[0134] Example 12:

[0135] The basic content is the same as in Embodiment 11, except that the manual reading device 4 further includes a knob 44 and a transmission rod 45. The knob 44 and the transmission rod 45 are rotatably connected, and the transmission rod 45 is threadedly connected to the reading scale 42. When it is necessary to calibrate the reading pointer 43, the transmission rod 45 is driven to rotate by rotating the knob 44, and the reading scale 42 is finely adjusted along the scale direction by the transmission rod 45, so that the pointer is accurately aligned with the zero mark, thereby improving the initial calibration accuracy.

[0136] Example 13:

[0137] The basic content is the same as in Example 1, except that: the displacement sensor monitoring data is corrected by multiple factors to improve accuracy. The specific steps are as follows:

[0138] A displacement sensor with a range of 12 mm is used. Its initial reading R0 = 4919, current reading R1 = 6820, instrument calibration coefficient G = 0.00258 mm / digit, engineering unit conversion factor F = 1. The uncorrected deformation is calculated using the formula: D 未修正 =(6820-4919)×0.00258×1=+4.905mm;

[0139] Given temperature parameter T S1 =32.8℃, T X1=15.3℃, T S0 =32.6℃, T X0 =15.1℃, calculate the temperature difference (T) S1 -T X1 +T S0 -T X0 ) / 2 = +17.5℃, calibration coefficient G = 0.00258mm / digit;

[0140] Given that the actual installation length of the displacement transmission connecting rod is L = 30 meters = 30000 mm, the spring constant is S = 5.95 N / mm, and the cross-sectional area is a = 31.61 mm². 2 Elastic modulus E = 0.117 × 10⁶ MPa, range coefficient M = 0.000295, range compensation constant B = 1.724, and the combined temperature deformation coefficient K of the tensioner and spring in the elevation transmission device. t =0.0178, temperature correction coefficient K for displacement transmission connecting rod r =0.2×10 -6 ;

[0141] First, calculate the temperature correction factor for the displacement sensor:

[0142] K=((6820×0.000295)+1.724)×0.00258=0.00964;

[0143] The temperature correction amount is then calculated as follows:

[0144] D 温度修正 =17.5×(0.00964+0.2×10 -6 (×30000+0.0178)=0.585mm;

[0145] Then, the distance change after temperature correction is calculated as follows:

[0146] D 温度修正后 =4.905 + 0.585 = 4.490 mm;

[0147] Next, the additional elongation is calculated as follows:

[0148] D 杆伸长量 =5.95×5.49×30000 / 31.61×0.117×10 -6 =+0.265mm;

[0149] The actual change in distance from the dam crest to the dam foundation is then calculated as follows:

[0150] D 坝顶-坝基 =4.905+0.585+0.265=+5.755mm;

[0151] Given that the absolute elevation of the target leveling point on the dam crest is 181.23m and the initial absolute vertical distance from the dam crest to the dam foundation is 30.00m, the calculated absolute elevation of the leveling point on the dam foundation is:

[0152] H x =181.23-30.00-0.005755=151.224245m.

[0153] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. The scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Any equivalent modifications or changes made by those skilled in the art based on the content disclosed in the present invention should be included within the scope of protection set forth in the claims.

Claims

1. A method for monitoring the transfer of vertical displacement elevations inside a dam, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: First step: first select an external reference point outside the dam, obtain the basic information and historical elevation data of the reference point, then take the reference point as the starting reference, measure the height difference between the reference point and the dam crest target leveling point, and then superimpose the height difference and the historical elevation data of the reference point to obtain the absolute elevation of the dam crest target leveling point; Second step: first lay the dam foundation and the dam crest target leveling point vertically corresponding to the dam crest target leveling point, then automatically observe the vertical distance change between the dam crest target leveling point and the dam foundation leveling point to obtain the original distance change between the dam crest target leveling point and the dam foundation leveling point; at the same time, collect the ambient temperature at the dam crest target leveling point and the dam foundation leveling point in real time to obtain the temperature of the dam crest target leveling point and the temperature of the dam foundation leveling point; Third step: based on the temperature of the dam crest target leveling point and the temperature of the dam foundation leveling point, calculate the temperature correction amount caused by the fluctuation of the ambient temperature, superimpose the temperature correction amount and the original distance change to obtain the distance change after temperature correction; Fourth step: based on the distance change after temperature correction, calculate the additional elongation generated in the transmission process, and then superimpose the additional elongation and the distance change after temperature correction to obtain the actual distance change from the dam crest to the dam foundation; Fifth step: subtract the actual distance change from the dam crest to the dam foundation and the initial absolute vertical distance from the dam crest to the dam foundation measured in advance from the absolute elevation of the dam crest target leveling point to obtain the absolute elevation of the dam foundation leveling point; Sixth step: lay several leveling monitoring points on the dam foundation, first take the dam foundation leveling point as the reference to measure the height difference between the dam foundation leveling point and each leveling monitoring point in turn, then combine the absolute elevation of the dam foundation leveling point to calculate the absolute elevation of each leveling monitoring point, and through regular re-measurement, obtain the absolute elevation change of the dam foundation leveling monitoring point, thereby realizing the monitoring of the vertical displacement elevation transmission inside the dam.

2. The dam internal vertical displacement elevation transmission monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein: In the first step, the height difference between the reference point and the dam crest target leveling point is measured by taking the reference point as the starting reference and observing the route between the reference point and the dam crest target leveling point in both directions to obtain observation data, and then performing rigorous adjustment calculation on the observation data to obtain the height difference between the reference point and the dam crest target leveling point.

3. The dam internal vertical displacement elevation transmission monitoring method according to claim 1, wherein: In the second step, the vertical distance change between the dam crest target leveling point and the dam foundation leveling point is automatically observed by using an elevation transmission device (1). The elevation transmission device (1) comprises a dam top elevation transmission device (11), a dam foundation elevation transmission device (12) and a displacement transmission connecting rod (3); the displacement transmission connecting rod (3) is connected between the dam top elevation transmission device (11) and the dam foundation elevation transmission device (12); the dam top elevation transmission device (11) comprises a dam top displacement sensor (113); and the dam foundation elevation transmission device (12) comprises a dam foundation displacement sensor (123). The dam top elevation transmission device (11) is connected with a dam top target leveling point, the dam foundation elevation transmission device (12) is connected with a dam foundation leveling point, and the vertical line direction between the dam top target leveling point and the dam foundation leveling point is ensured to be consistent with the axis of the displacement transmission connecting rod (3); the vertical distance change amount is collected in real time by the dam top displacement sensor (113) and the dam foundation displacement sensor (123), and the collected analog signals are transmitted to a data acquisition and processing unit for conversion and processing to generate the original distance change amount.

4. The dam internal vertical displacement elevation transmission monitoring method according to claim 3, characterized in that: In the second step, the ambient temperatures at the dam top target leveling point and the dam foundation leveling point are collected in real time to obtain the dam top target leveling point temperature and the dam foundation leveling point temperature, which means that the ambient temperatures at the dam top target leveling point and the dam foundation leveling point are collected in real time by using a temperature sensor, and the collected temperature data are automatically transmitted to the data acquisition and processing unit to obtain the dam top target leveling point temperature and the dam foundation leveling point temperature.

5. The dam internal vertical displacement elevation transmission monitoring method according to claim 4, characterized in that: In the third step, the temperature correction amount generated due to the ambient temperature fluctuation is calculated based on the dam top target leveling point temperature and the dam foundation leveling point temperature, which means that the current temperature and the initial temperature of the dam top target leveling point and the current temperature and the initial temperature of the dam foundation leveling point are extracted by the data acquisition and processing unit, the dam top temperature fluctuation value and the dam foundation temperature fluctuation value are calculated respectively, the temperature correction coefficient of the dam foundation displacement sensor (123) in the elevation transmission device (1) is determined, the deformation amount of the dam foundation displacement sensor (123) generated due to the dam foundation temperature change is calculated in combination with the dam foundation temperature fluctuation value, the temperature correction coefficient of the displacement transmission connecting rod (3) and the actual installation length are determined, the deformation amount of the displacement transmission connecting rod (3) generated due to the comprehensive change of the dam top temperature and the dam foundation temperature is calculated in combination with the comprehensive influence of the dam top temperature fluctuation value and the dam foundation temperature fluctuation value, the comprehensive temperature deformation coefficient of the tightener and the transmission spring in the dam foundation elevation transmission device (12) is determined, the deformation amount of the tightener and the transmission spring generated due to the dam foundation temperature change is calculated in combination with the dam foundation temperature fluctuation value, and the three deformation amounts are integrated according to the actual action direction to obtain the temperature correction amount.

6. The dam internal vertical displacement elevation transmission monitoring method according to claim 5, characterized in that: In the fourth step, the additional elongation generated in the transmission process is calculated based on the temperature-corrected distance change, which means that the stress and deformation relationship of the displacement transmission connecting rod (3) in the vertical displacement transmission process is determined based on the temperature-corrected distance change and the stress state and material properties of the displacement transmission connecting rod (3), and then the temperature-corrected distance change and the material properties of the displacement transmission connecting rod (3) are associated and calculated according to the material mechanics deformation principle to obtain the additional elongation generated in the transmission process of the displacement transmission connecting rod (3).

7. The dam internal vertical displacement elevation transmission monitoring method according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the sixth step, a plurality of leveling monitoring points are arranged on the dam foundation, and the height difference between the dam foundation leveling point and each leveling monitoring point is measured in sequence based on the dam foundation leveling point as the reference, and then the absolute elevation of each leveling monitoring point is calculated by combining the absolute elevation of the dam foundation leveling point, and the absolute elevation change of the dam foundation leveling monitoring point is obtained through regular re-measurement, thereby realizing the monitoring of the dam internal vertical displacement elevation transmission, which means that: A plurality of leveling monitoring points are uniformly arranged in the dam foundation gallery, and the absolute elevation of the dam foundation leveling point is taken as the starting reference, the route between the dam foundation leveling point and each leveling monitoring point is observed back and forth to obtain observation data, and then the observation data is strictly adjusted and calculated to obtain the height difference of each leveling monitoring point relative to the dam foundation leveling point, and then the absolute elevation of each leveling monitoring point is calculated based on the height difference and the absolute elevation of the dam foundation leveling point, and then the absolute elevation of each leveling monitoring point in different monitoring periods is obtained by repeating the back-and-forth observation and strict adjustment calculation process according to the set monitoring period, and the monitoring of the dam internal vertical displacement elevation transmission is realized by comparing and analyzing the absolute elevation values of the same leveling monitoring point in different monitoring periods.

8. A system for monitoring the vertical displacement elevation transfer of a dam according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises: The system comprises an elevation transmission device (1), a plurality of anchoring points (2), a displacement transmission connecting rod (3), a data acquisition and processing unit; the elevation transmission device (1) comprises a dam top elevation transmission device (11) and a dam foundation elevation transmission device (12); The dam top elevation transmission device (11) comprises a dam top shell (111), a dam top transmission spring (112), a dam top displacement sensor (113), a dam top tightener (114), and a dam top temperature sensor (115); the bottom end of the dam top shell (111) is fixedly connected with the dam top side, one end of the dam top transmission spring (112) is fixedly connected with the top end of the dam top shell (111), the other end of the dam top transmission spring (112) is connected with one end of the dam top displacement sensor (113), the other end of the dam top displacement sensor (113) is connected with one end of the dam top tightener (114), and the dam top temperature sensor (115) is located inside the dam top displacement sensor (113); The dam foundation elevation transmission device (12) comprises a dam foundation shell (121), a dam foundation transmission spring (122), a dam foundation displacement sensor (123), a dam foundation tightener (124) and a dam foundation temperature sensor (125); the bottom end of the dam foundation shell (121) is fixedly connected with a dam foundation side, the lower end of the dam foundation transmission spring (122) is connected with one end of the dam foundation displacement sensor (123), the other end of the dam foundation displacement sensor (123) is connected with one end of the dam foundation tightener (124), and the dam foundation temperature sensor (125) is located inside the dam foundation displacement sensor (123); The anchoring point (2) comprises a dam top anchoring point (21) and a dam foundation anchoring point (22); the dam top anchoring point (21) and the dam foundation anchoring point (22) are respectively consistent with the elevations of a dam top target leveling point and a dam foundation leveling point; The other end of the dam top tightener (114) is connected with the dam top anchoring point (21), and the other end of the dam foundation tightener (124) is connected with the dam foundation anchoring point (22); one end of the displacement transmission connecting rod (3) is connected with the bottom end of the dam top shell (111), and the other end of the displacement transmission connecting rod (3) is connected with the upper end of the dam foundation transmission spring (122); the axis of the displacement transmission connecting rod (3) is consistent with the vertical line of the dam top anchoring point (21) and the dam foundation anchoring point (22); the data acquisition and processing unit is in communication connection with the dam top displacement sensor (113), the dam foundation displacement sensor (123), the dam top temperature sensor (115) and the dam foundation temperature sensor (125) respectively.

9. A dam internal vertical displacement elevation transfer monitoring system according to claim 8, wherein: The elevation transmission device (1) further comprises a plurality of dam section elevation transmission devices (13), the anchoring point (2) further comprises a plurality of dam section anchoring points (23), the dam section anchoring points (23) are consistent with the elevations of corresponding dam section leveling points, and the number of the displacement transmission connecting rods (3) is adapted to the number of the dam section elevation transmission devices (13); The dam section elevation transmission device (13) comprises a dam section shell (131), a dam section transmission spring (132), a dam section displacement sensor (133) and a dam section tightener (134); the dam section shell (131) is fixedly connected with a corresponding dam section side, the lower end of the dam section transmission spring (132) is connected with one end of the dam section displacement sensor (133), the other end of the dam section displacement sensor (133) is connected with one end of the dam section tightener (134), and the other end of the dam section tightener (134) is connected with the corresponding dam section anchoring point (23). The elevation transmission device (13) of two adjacent dam sections is coaxially connected through displacement transmission connecting rods (3), one end of one displacement transmission connecting rod (3) is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the shell of the dam top elevation transmission device (11), the other end of the displacement transmission connecting rod (3) is fixedly connected with the upper end of the dam section driving spring (132) of the first dam section elevation transmission device (13), one end of the last displacement transmission connecting rod (3) is fixedly connected with the bottom end of the dam section shell (131) of the last dam section elevation transmission device (13), the other end of the displacement transmission connecting rod (3) is fixedly connected with the upper end of the dam foundation driving spring (122); the dam section displacement sensor (133) is in communication connection with the data acquisition and processing unit.

10. The system for monitoring internal vertical displacement and elevation transfer of a dam according to claim 9, wherein: The system also comprises several manual reading devices (4), the dam top elevation transmission device (11), the dam foundation elevation transmission device (12) and several dam section elevation transmission devices (13) are each provided with a manual reading device (4) inside; Each manual reading device (4) comprises a fixed rod (41), a reading scale (42) and a reading pointer (43), one end of each fixed rod (41) is fixedly connected with the inner side of the dam top shell (111), the dam foundation shell (121) and the corresponding dam section shell (131) respectively, the other end of each fixed rod (41) is fixedly connected with the non-reading side of the corresponding reading scale (42), each reading pointer (43) is fixedly connected with the upper end of the dam top tightener (114), the dam foundation tightener (124) and the corresponding dam section tightener (134) respectively, and the reading pointer (43) indicates the corresponding displacement scale on the reading scale (42).

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