Wide-beam probe adaptive large-scale antenna partition rapid test method

Abstract

The invention discloses a large-scale antenna partition rapid test method adaptive to a wide-beam probe, and belongs to the technical field of antenna test. Aiming at the problems of high cost, low efficiency, poor precision and wide-beam probe application bottleneck in the existing large antenna test, the method comprises the following steps: constructing a test system, and establishing a mapping model of probe attitude and transmission coefficient by taking a standard antenna as a reference to complete calibration; based on antenna electromagnetic field distribution, a clustering algorithm is adopted for self-adaptive partitioning, so that sub-regions are matched with a probe coverage range; after the partition test, establishing a model through an electromagnetic field superposition principle to compensate the boundary field intensity; and preprocessing the data and carrying out weighted fusion, and calculating antenna performance parameters. The method does not need a large test site, greatly improves the test efficiency and precision, is adaptive to multiple types of multi-band large antennas, and is suitable for the fields of satellite communication, radar and the like.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of antenna testing technology, and in particular to a rapid testing method for large antenna partitions adapted to a wide-beam probe. Background Technology

[0002] Large antennas (such as reflector antennas with a diameter greater than 5 meters and phased array antennas with more than a thousand array elements) are widely used in satellite communication, radar detection, deep space tracking and control and other fields. The accurate testing of their radiation performance (such as gain, radiation pattern and beamwidth) is a key link to ensure the performance of the system.

[0003] Existing large antenna testing methods are mainly divided into two categories: full-aperture overall testing and narrow-beam probe zonal testing. Full-aperture overall testing requires placing the antenna in a large microwave anechoic chamber or far-field test field and completing performance acquisition through a single scan. However, due to limitations in the size of the test site and the load-bearing capacity of the equipment, the construction cost of the test site for large antennas with an aperture exceeding 10 meters can reach hundreds of millions of yuan, and the testing cycle can last for 1-2 months, which is difficult to meet the needs of antenna R&D iteration and mass production.

[0004] Narrow-beam probe zonal testing divides the antenna aperture into multiple sub-regions, tests each sub-region sequentially using a narrow-beam probe, and then fuses the data. While this reduces the requirements for the testing site, it has significant drawbacks: the beamwidth of a narrow-beam probe is typically less than 5°, resulting in a very small coverage area for a single test. For large antennas containing hundreds of sub-regions, the probe needs to be moved and calibrated thousands of times, leading to low testing efficiency. Furthermore, test data from adjacent sub-regions overlap and become redundant, making error accumulation during data fusion easy and causing a decrease in overall testing accuracy. This is especially true at sub-region boundaries, where testing errors can reach over 3dB.

[0005] Wide-beam probes, due to their large beamwidth (15°-60°) and wide single-shot coverage, have been attempted for use in large antenna testing. However, they face core technical bottlenecks: the radiated field strength of wide-beam probes exhibits significant attenuation at the beam edges. When used for zonal testing, the field strength signal at the sub-region boundaries can create blind zones due to probe beam superposition or attenuation. Furthermore, the field strength distribution uniformity of wide-beam probes is poor, and the test data from different sub-regions lack a unified benchmark. Direct fusion can lead to deviations in overall performance evaluation. Therefore, in existing technologies, wide-beam probes are only used for rough screening of antenna performance and cannot meet the requirements for precise testing. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To address the problems of high cost of full-aperture testing, low efficiency and poor accuracy of narrow-beam zoning testing, and boundary blind zones and data fusion deviations in the application of wide-beam probes in existing large antenna testing, this invention provides a rapid zoning testing method for large antennas adapted to wide-beam probes, achieving low-cost, high-efficiency, and high-precision testing of large antennas.

[0007] The technical solution of this invention is implemented as follows: A rapid testing method for large antenna partitions adapted to wide-beam probes includes the following steps: S1: Construct a test system including a wide-beam probe, a three-dimensional displacement platform, a vector network analyzer, a data processing unit, and an antenna mounting bracket. Using a standard gain horn antenna as a reference, establish a mapping model between the wide-beam probe attitude and the transmission coefficient, and complete the probe attitude calibration. S2: Obtain the structural parameters and electromagnetic field simulation data of the large antenna to be tested, and use a clustering algorithm to adaptively partition the antenna aperture so that a single sub-region is completely covered by the beam of the wide beam probe and there is a preset overlap rate between adjacent sub-regions. S3: Control the wide-beam probe to test sequentially by sub-region, collect field strength data of each sub-region, identify the boundary lines of adjacent sub-regions and extract the original field strength data at the boundary, and establish a compensation model based on the principle of electromagnetic field superposition to correct the boundary field strength; S4: Preprocess and unify the field strength data of each sub-region, use the weighted average method to fuse the non-overlapping region data and the compensated boundary data, calculate the antenna performance parameters and complete the test.

[0008] Preferably, the mapping model in step S1 is: in, For transmission coefficient, The magnitude of the transmission coefficient during attitude matching. wave number ( (for the operating wavelength) The imaginary unit, The distance between the wide-beam probe and the reference antenna. , , These are the probe's real-time azimuth, elevation, and polarization angles, respectively. , , These are the optimal attitude parameters. It is a polarization correction factor with a value range of 0.01-0.05.

[0009] Preferably, the clustering algorithm in step S2 is the K-means algorithm, and the partitioning process includes: dividing the antenna aperture plane into N×N groups of size... Extract the simulation field strength amplitude of each grid cell. And calculate the field gradient The field strength gradient is less than The regions are divided into the same sub-region. , This represents the maximum field strength at the antenna aperture.

[0010] Preferably, the side length L of the sub-region in step S2 satisfies , The preset overlap rate is 15%-20%, which is the beamwidth of the wide-beam probe.

[0011] Preferably, the compensation model in step S3 is:

[0012] in, To compensate for the back boundary field strength, , These represent the original field strengths at the boundaries of adjacent sub-regions. , The weighting coefficients and , This is the error correction factor, and its value ranges from 0.02 to 0.08. The x-coordinate of the boundary line, This is the test frequency.

[0013] Preferably, the preprocessing in step S4 employs a wavelet threshold denoising algorithm, with the denoising threshold... satisfy: in, The standard deviation of noise. This represents the number of field strength data points for a single sub-region.

[0014] Preferably, the beamwidth of the wide-beam probe in step S1 is 15°-60°, the operating frequency band covers 1-18GHz, and the gain error of the standard gain horn antenna is ≤0.1dB.

[0015] Preferably, the positioning accuracy of the three-dimensional displacement platform in step S1 is ≤0.01mm, the load-bearing capacity is not less than 500kg, and the azimuth, elevation and polarization angles of the wide-beam probe can be adjusted in real time according to the mapping model.

[0016] Preferably, the test frequency interval of the vector network analyzer in step S3 is ≤10MHz, and the wide-beam probe is always in the optimal receiving posture after calibration in step S1 when acquiring field strength data.

[0017] Preferably, the antenna performance parameters in step S4 specifically include gain. , beamwidth and sidelobe level In the weighted average method, the higher the uniformity of the field strength in the sub-region, the larger the weight coefficient of the corresponding data.

[0018] The embodiments of the present invention have the following advantages due to the adoption of the above technical solutions: I. Reduced testing costs: Without relying on large microwave anechoic chambers or far-field testing sites, the use of wide-beam probes combined with zoned testing significantly reduces the testing site area and substantially lowers the site construction and usage costs.

[0019] II. Improved testing efficiency: The coverage of a wide-beam probe in a single test is much greater than that of a narrow-beam probe. Combined with adaptive zoning planning, the number of test moves and calibrations can be greatly reduced, significantly shortening the overall testing cycle of large antennas.

[0020] III. Improved testing accuracy: Dynamic attitude calibration ensures that the probe is always in the optimal receiving state. Combined with the boundary field strength compensation model, the boundary blind zone and data fusion error of the wide beam probe are effectively eliminated, and the testing accuracy is better than that of the narrow beam partitioning test method.

[0021] IV. Enhanced Adaptability: The adaptive zoning plan can automatically adjust the zoning scheme according to large antennas of different sizes and types. The wide beam probe has a wide operating frequency band coverage capability, which is suitable for antenna testing needs in multiple fields such as satellite communication and radar.

[0022] The above overview is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limiting in any way. In addition to the illustrative aspects, embodiments, and features described above, further aspects, embodiments, and features of the invention will become readily apparent from the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description. Attached Figure Description

[0023] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0024] Figure 1 This is a flowchart illustrating the overall testing process of the present invention. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the test system composition of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the antenna partitioning principle of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0025] In the following description, only certain exemplary embodiments are briefly described. As those skilled in the art will recognize, the described embodiments can be modified in various ways without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, the drawings and description are considered to be exemplary in nature and not restrictive.

[0026] It is important to note that terms such as "first," "second," "symmetric," and "array" are used only to distinguish between descriptive and positional descriptions and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated. Therefore, features specified with terms such as "first" or "symmetric" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature; similarly, when the quantity of certain features is not limited by words such as "two" or "three," it should be noted that such features also explicitly or implicitly include one or more features. In this invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, terms such as "installation," "connection," and "fixation" should be interpreted broadly; for example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral molding; they can refer to a mechanical connection, a direct connection, a welding connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; they can refer to the internal communication of two components or the interaction between two components. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the accompanying drawings and specific circumstances.

[0027] The embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0028] like Figure 1-3 As shown, this invention provides a rapid testing method for large antenna partitions adapted to wide-beam probes, comprising the following steps: S1: Construct a test system that includes a wide-beam probe, a three-dimensional displacement platform, a vector network analyzer, a data processing unit, and an antenna mount.

[0029] The system comprises a wide-beam probe responsible for acquiring the antenna's radiated field strength, a three-dimensional displacement platform enabling precise spatial movement of the probe, a vector network analyzer for signal transmission and reception and analysis, a data processing unit handling core calculations such as model building and data fusion, and an antenna mount ensuring the stability of the antenna under test. Using a standard gain horn antenna as a reference, a mapping model between the wide-beam probe's attitude and transmission coefficient is established to complete probe attitude calibration. This step ensures the probe is always in optimal receiving condition, guaranteeing the consistency of accuracy in subsequent sub-regional tests.

[0030] S2: Obtain the structural parameters (such as aperture size, array element layout, reflector curvature, etc.) and electromagnetic field simulation data (far-field radiation pattern, near-field field strength distribution, etc.) of the large antenna to be tested. Use a clustering algorithm to adaptively partition the antenna aperture so that a single sub-region is completely covered by the beam of the wide-beam probe and there is a preset overlap rate between adjacent sub-regions. Zoning planning is key to achieving efficient collaboration between "wide-beam probes and zoning testing". It leverages the wide coverage of wide-beam probes to reduce the number of tests, while also creating conditions for boundary compensation through overlapping areas.

[0031] S3: Control the wide-beam probe to test sequentially by sub-region, collect field strength data of each sub-region, identify the boundary lines of adjacent sub-regions and extract the original field strength data at the boundary, and establish a compensation model based on the principle of electromagnetic field superposition to correct the boundary field strength; boundary compensation is the core means to solve the problem of field strength attenuation at the edge of the wide-beam probe, which can eliminate the field strength error when splicing sub-regions and ensure the continuity of the overall test data.

[0032] S4: Preprocess and unify the field strength data of each sub-region, use the weighted average method to fuse the non-overlapping region data and the compensated boundary data, calculate the antenna performance parameters and complete the test. Data fusion and performance evaluation are the final steps in the testing process. Through multi-stage data processing, accurate key indicators such as antenna gain and beamwidth can be output, providing a basis for antenna performance verification and optimization.

[0033] The mapping model described in step S1 is:

[0034] in, For transmission coefficient, The magnitude of the transmission coefficient during attitude matching. wave number ( (for the operating wavelength) The imaginary unit, The distance between the wide-beam probe and the reference antenna. , , These are the probe's real-time azimuth, elevation, and polarization angles, respectively. , , These are the optimal attitude parameters. The polarization correction factor has a value range of 1. ; This model, by quantifying the relationship between attitude and transmission coefficient, can dynamically adjust the probe attitude in real time, ensuring optimal signal reception at different test positions and reducing test errors caused by attitude deviations at the source. The beamwidth of the wide-beam probe mentioned in step S1 is... Operating frequency band coverage The gain error of the standard gain horn antenna Selecting a wide-beam probe within this parameter range balances coverage and testing accuracy, while the high precision of the standard gain horn antenna provides a reliable reference for attitude calibration. The positioning accuracy of the three-dimensional displacement platform described in step S1... The load-bearing capacity is not less than The azimuth, elevation, and polarization angles of the wide-beam probe can be adjusted in real time according to the mapping model. The high-precision displacement platform provides hardware support for the precise movement and attitude adjustment of the probe, ensuring that the parameters of the mapping model can be executed accurately, thereby guaranteeing the spatial consistency of testing in each sub-region.

[0035] The clustering algorithm described in step S2 is the K-means algorithm, and the partitioning process includes: Divide the antenna aperture plane into Each size is Extract the simulation field strength amplitude of each grid cell. And calculate the field gradient The field strength gradient is less than The regions are divided into the same sub-region. , The maximum field strength is the antenna aperture. The adaptive partitioning characteristic of the K-means algorithm can intelligently divide the region according to the "density" of the antenna field strength distribution. Regions with gentle field strength changes are divided into the same sub-region, which not only meets the coverage characteristics of wide-beam probes, but also reduces the number of unnecessary partitions, thus improving testing efficiency from the algorithm level.

[0036] The side length L of the sub-region described in step S2 satisfies , The preset overlap rate is the beamwidth of the wide-beam probe. ; The side length formula ensures that a single sub-region can be completely covered by a wide-beam probe, while the overlap rate setting provides data redundancy for subsequent boundary compensation, allowing the boundary data of adjacent sub-regions to be fused to correct errors, thus balancing test efficiency and accuracy from a spatial planning perspective.

[0037] The compensation model mentioned in step S3 is:

[0038] in, To compensate for the back boundary field strength, , These represent the original field strengths at the boundaries of adjacent sub-regions. , The weighting coefficients and , This is the error correction coefficient, and its value range is... , The x-coordinate of the boundary line, For testing frequency; The compensation model based on the principle of electromagnetic field superposition can effectively offset the field strength attenuation at the beam edge of the wide-beam probe through weight allocation and error correction terms. At the same time, it corrects the systematic errors when testing adjacent sub-regions, making the field strength data at the boundary highly consistent with the actual value, thus eliminating the "stitching blind zone" of partitioned testing from the data level.

[0039] The test frequency interval of the vector network analyzer mentioned in step S3 During field strength data acquisition, the wide-beam probe is always in the optimal receiving posture after calibration in step S1. The high-frequency resolution vector network analyzer ensures the integrity of field strength data in the frequency domain. Combined with the optimal receiving posture of the probe, it enables the field strength data of each sub-region to have high accuracy in the "time-space-frequency" domain, providing a high-quality data source for subsequent compensation and fusion.

[0040] The preprocessing described in step S4 employs a wavelet threshold denoising algorithm, with a denoising threshold... satisfy:

[0041] in, Where N is the noise standard deviation, and N is the number of field strength data points in a single sub-region; Wavelet thresholding denoising algorithm has the characteristic of "time-frequency localization", which can specifically eliminate random noise (such as electromagnetic interference, equipment thermal noise, etc.) in the testing process, while retaining the effective features of field strength data, providing a "clean" data source for subsequent data fusion.

[0042] The antenna performance parameters mentioned in step S4 specifically include gain G, beamwidth In the weighted averaging method, the higher the field strength uniformity of the sub-region, the larger the corresponding weight coefficient of the data. Gain, beamwidth, and sidelobe level are the core indicators for evaluating antenna radiation performance. The weighted averaging method assigns higher weights to regions with high field strength uniformity, which not only respects the "credibility difference" of the data, but also improves the overall fusion accuracy through the compensated boundary data. The final output antenna performance parameters can accurately reflect the true radiation characteristics of the antenna.

[0043] In this embodiment, the present invention operates as follows: First, the test system was constructed and its attitude was calibrated: a test system was built consisting of a wide-beam horn probe with a beamwidth of 30° and a working frequency band covering 1-18GHz, a three-dimensional displacement platform with a positioning accuracy of ≤0.01mm and a load-bearing capacity of not less than 500kg, a vector network analyzer with a test frequency range of 1-20GHz, a data processing unit, and an antenna mounting bracket.

[0044] A standard gain horn antenna with a gain error ≤0.1dB was selected as a reference and fixed at the center of the antenna mount. The wide-beam probe was moved to a position with a distance R=5m from the reference antenna, and the azimuth angle of the probe was adjusted. Pitch angle and polarization angle The transmission coefficient detected by the vector network analyzer Once the maximum value is reached, record the optimal attitude parameters at this point. , , And substitute it into the pose mapping model (where polarization correction coefficient) (Take 0.03), and complete the dynamic calibration model of the wide-beam probe attitude. This step provides attitude accuracy assurance for subsequent tests, ensuring that the probe can receive the field strength signal at the optimal angle at each test position, and controlling the impact of attitude deviation on the test results from the source.

[0045] Then, adaptive zoning planning of the antenna is carried out: obtain the structural parameters (aperture size 8m, radius of curvature of the reflector, etc.) of the 8-meter aperture reflector antenna to be tested and the electromagnetic field simulation data (far-field radiation pattern, near-field field strength distribution) of the operating frequency band 3-6GHz.

[0046] Establish a rectangular coordinate system with the center of the antenna aperture as the origin, and divide the aperture plane into N×N dimensions. ( The grid cells are approximately 0.1m in size, representing the operating wavelength (3GHz as an example); the simulated field strength amplitude of each grid cell is extracted. Calculate the field strength gradient The field strength gradient is less than the threshold. ( The area with the maximum field strength at the antenna aperture is divided into the same sub-region; the side length of the sub-region is calculated based on the 30° beamwidth of the wide-beam probe. Finally, the antenna was divided into 16 sub-regions, each with a side length of 2m and an overlap rate of 20% between adjacent sub-regions. The center coordinates (such as (1,1,0), (1,3,0)) and boundary range of each sub-region were marked. This step utilizes the adaptive partitioning of the K-means clustering algorithm to fully adapt to the coverage characteristics of wide-beam probes, reduce the number of unnecessary test partitions, and reserve data overlap redundancy for subsequent boundary compensation, achieving a scientific balance between testing efficiency and accuracy.

[0047] Next, zonal testing and boundary field strength compensation are carried out: the three-dimensional displacement platform is controlled to move the wide beam probe to the front of each sub-region in sequence, and the azimuth, pitch and polarization angles of the probe are adjusted in real time to the optimal attitude according to the attitude calibration model. Field strength data for each sub-region was acquired using a vector network analyzer at 10MHz intervals. After testing all sub-regions, data from overlapping areas of adjacent sub-regions were extracted, boundary lines (e.g., x=2m, y=2m, etc.) were identified, and the original field strength data at the boundaries were recorded. and (For example, at the boundary where x=2m, , ); Substitute the data into the boundary field strength compensation model Among them, the weighting coefficient =0.55, =0.45, error correction coefficient k3=0.05, the calculated field strength after compensation is... The field strength data at all boundary lines are compensated one by one. This step effectively eliminates the test blind zone caused by the field strength attenuation at the beam edge of the wide beam probe through targeted boundary compensation, which significantly improves the accuracy of the field strength data at the sub-region splicing and lays a high-precision foundation for subsequent data fusion.

[0048] Finally, multi-sub-region data fusion and performance evaluation were performed: the field strength data of each sub-region were preprocessed using a wavelet threshold denoising algorithm, where the noise standard deviation was... Given N=1000 data points in a single sub-region, calculate the noise reduction threshold. (Substitute) ), to eliminate random noise in the data; The field strength data of all sub-regions are transformed to the antenna global coordinate system to ensure spatial consistency of the data; the weighted average method is used to fuse the data. For non-overlapping regions, the test data of that region is used directly, while for overlapping boundary regions, the compensated field strength data is used. Calculate the antenna gain based on the fused full-field strength data. , beamwidth By analyzing key performance parameters such as sidelobe level (SLL), the gain of the 8-meter reflector antenna was found to be 44.8 dB, beamwidth 1.2°, and sidelobe level -32 dB, all within the allowable range of the design values. This step, through multi-stage data processing and fusion, outputs accurate antenna performance parameters, fully verifying the technical advantages of this method in large antenna testing, which combines low cost, high efficiency, and high precision.

[0049] The following are several other specific embodiments of the application of this invention: Example 1: Test Application of a 1024-Element X-Band Large Phased Array Antenna In this embodiment, the antenna under test is a 1024-element X-band (8-12GHz) large phased array antenna with an element spacing of 0.05m, an aperture size of 2m × 2m, and a designed gain of 35dB. The specific workflow is as follows: 1. Test System Construction and Attitude Calibration A test system was constructed, consisting of a wide-beam horn probe with a beamwidth of 40° and an operating frequency band of 8-12 GHz, a three-dimensional displacement platform with a positioning accuracy of 0.005 mm and a load capacity of 300 kg, a vector network analyzer with a test frequency of 8-14 GHz, a data processing unit, and an antenna mount. An X-band standard gain horn antenna (gain error ≤0.08 dB) was selected as a reference and fixed at the center of the antenna mount. The wide-beam probe was moved to a distance between the reference antenna and the reference antenna. Adjust the azimuth angle at that location. Pitch angle polarization angle , making the transmission coefficient Maximum, record the optimal attitude parameters , , Substitute into the pose mapping model: Among them, the polarization correction coefficient Complete the dynamic attitude calibration.

[0050] 2. Adaptive zoning planning After obtaining the antenna electromagnetic field simulation data, a coordinate system is established with the center of the antenna aperture as the origin, and the aperture plane is divided into... Each size is ( A grid of approximately 0.03m (the operating wavelength at 10GHz) was used; the field strength amplitude of each cell was extracted. Calculate the field strength gradient The field strength gradient is less than The area is divided into the same sub-region; based on the beamwidth of the wide-beam probe. Calculate the side length of the sub-region Ultimately, the antenna was divided into four sub-regions with an 18% overlap between adjacent sub-regions. The center coordinates of each sub-region were marked (e.g., ...). , wait).

[0051] 3. Zonal Testing and Boundary Field Strength Compensation The three-dimensional displacement platform was controlled to move the probe sequentially to the front of each sub-region, dynamically adjusting its attitude to the optimal level; field strength data was collected at 5MHz intervals using a vector network analyzer. Identify the boundaries of adjacent sub-regions (e.g.) Record the original field strength at the boundary. , Substitute into the boundary compensation model: Among them, the weighting coefficient , Error correction coefficient Compensate for each boundary data point individually.

[0052] 4. Data Fusion and Performance Evaluation Wavelet thresholding was used to denoise the data in each sub-region, and the noise standard deviation was calculated. Data points Denoising threshold: The calculated antenna performance parameters after fusion are: gain 35dB, beamwidth 2° 3dB, sidelobe level -28dB, which meet the engineering requirements as opposed to the design values.

[0053] Example 2: Test Application of a 12-meter Aperture Ka-band Large Reflector Antenna In this embodiment, the antenna under test is a 12-meter aperture Ka-band (26-40GHz) large reflector antenna with a designed gain of 52dB. The specific workflow is as follows: 1. Test System Construction and Attitude Calibration A test system was constructed, consisting of a wide-beam horn probe with a beamwidth of 25° and an operating frequency band of 24-42 GHz, a three-dimensional displacement platform with a positioning accuracy of 0.01 mm and a load capacity of 800 kg, a vector network analyzer with a test frequency of 24-44 GHz, a data processing unit, and an antenna mount. A Ka-band standard gain horn antenna (gain error ≤ 0.1 dB) was selected as a reference and fixed at the center of the antenna mount. The wide-beam probe was moved to a distance between the reference antenna and the reference antenna. Adjust the posture to ) position. Maximum, record the optimal attitude parameters , , Substitute into the attitude mapping model (polarization correction coefficient) :

[0054] 2. Adaptive zoning planning After obtaining the antenna electromagnetic field simulation data, the 12-meter aperture plane was divided into... Each size is ( The grid cells are approximately 0.01m (the operating wavelength at 30GHz); the field strength gradient is calculated. ), the field strength gradient is less than The area is divided into the same sub-region; based on the probe beamwidth Calculate the side length of the sub-region Ultimately, the antenna was divided into 36 sub-regions, with an overlap rate of 15% between adjacent sub-regions. The center coordinates of each sub-region were marked (e.g., ...). , wait).

[0055] 3. Zonal Testing and Boundary Field Strength Compensation The three-dimensional displacement platform was controlled to move the probe directly in front of each sub-region. After dynamically calibrating the attitude, field strength data was collected at 8MHz intervals. Identify boundary lines (such as...) Record the original field strength , Substitute into the boundary compensation model (weight coefficients) Error correction coefficient ): Compensation was completed for all boundary data.

[0056] 4. Data Fusion and Performance Evaluation Wavelet thresholding was used to denoise the data in each sub-region, and the noise standard deviation was calculated. Data points Denoising threshold: After fusion, the antenna performance parameters were calculated as follows: gain 52dB, beamwidth 0.8° 3dB, and sidelobe level -35dB. The test results are in high agreement with the design specifications.

[0057] Example 3: Test Application of a 2400-element C+Ku dual-band large array antenna In this embodiment, the antenna under test is a 2400-element C+Ku dual-band (4-18GHz) large array antenna with an element spacing of 0.06m, an aperture size of 3m×3m, and a designed gain of 40dB. The specific workflow is as follows: 1. Test System Construction and Attitude Calibration A test system was constructed, consisting of a wide-beam horn probe with a beamwidth of 35° and an operating frequency band of 4-18 GHz, a three-dimensional displacement platform with a positioning accuracy of 0.008 mm and a load capacity of 400 kg, a vector network analyzer with a test frequency of 3-20 GHz, a data processing unit, and an antenna mount. A C+Ku dual-band standard gain horn antenna (gain error ≤0.1 dB) was selected as a reference and fixed at the center of the antenna mount. The wide-beam probe was moved to a distance between the reference antenna and the reference antenna. Adjust the azimuth at ( ) location. Pitch angle polarization angle , making the transmission coefficient Maximum, record the optimal attitude parameters , , Substitute into the pose mapping model: Among them, the polarization correction coefficient Complete the dynamic attitude calibration.

[0058] 2. Adaptive zoning planning After obtaining the electromagnetic field simulation data of the dual-band antenna, a coordinate system is established with the center of the antenna aperture as the origin, and the aperture plane is divided into... Each size is A grid of approximately 0.0375m (operating wavelength at 8GHz) was used; the field strength amplitude of each cell was extracted. Calculate the field strength gradient The field strength gradient is less than The area is divided into the same sub-region; based on the beamwidth of the wide-beam probe. Calculate the side length of the sub-region Ultimately, the antenna was divided into 9 sub-regions, with an overlap rate of 17% between adjacent sub-regions. The center coordinates of each sub-region were marked (e.g., ...). , wait).

[0059] 3. Zonal Testing and Boundary Field Strength Compensation The three-dimensional displacement platform was controlled to move the probe sequentially to the front of each sub-region, dynamically adjusting its attitude to the optimal level; field strength data was collected at 6MHz intervals using a vector network analyzer. Identify the boundaries of adjacent sub-regions (e.g.) Record the original field strength at the boundary. , Substitute into the boundary compensation model: Among them, the weighting coefficient , Error correction coefficient Compensate for each boundary data point individually.

[0060] 4. Data Fusion and Performance Evaluation Wavelet thresholding was used to denoise the data in each sub-region, and the noise standard deviation was calculated. Data points Denoising threshold: After fusion, the antenna performance parameters were calculated as follows: gain 40dB, beamwidth 1.5° 3dB, sidelobe level -30dB. The deviation between the test results and the design specifications is within the allowable range for engineering.

[0061] The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily conceive of various variations or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention, and these should all be included within the scope of protection of the present invention. Therefore, the scope of protection of the present invention should be determined by the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A wide-beam probe adapted large antenna partition fast test method, characterized in that, The method comprises the following steps: S1: a test system comprising a wide-beam probe, a three-dimensional displacement platform, a vector network analyzer, a data processing unit and an antenna fixing frame is constructed, a mapping model of the posture of the wide-beam probe and the transmission coefficient is established with a standard gain horn antenna as a reference, and the posture calibration of the probe is completed; S2: the structural parameters and electromagnetic field simulation data of a large antenna to be tested are obtained, a clustering algorithm is used to adaptively partition the antenna aperture, so that a single sub-region is completely covered by the wide-beam probe beam and there is a preset overlap rate between adjacent sub-regions; S3: the wide-beam probe is controlled to test in turn according to the sub-regions, field strength data of each sub-region are collected, the boundary lines of adjacent sub-regions are identified and the original field strength data at the boundaries are extracted, and a compensation model is established based on the electromagnetic field superposition principle to correct the boundary field strength; S4: the field strength data of each sub-region are preprocessed and the coordinates are unified, the weighted average method is used to fuse the non-overlapping region data and the compensated boundary data, and the performance parameters of the antenna are calculated to complete the test.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein: The mapping model in step S1 is: wherein, is a transmission coefficient, is a transmission coefficient amplitude in attitude matching, is a wave number, is an operating wavelength, is an imaginary unit, is a distance between a wide-beam probe and a reference antenna, , , are a real-time azimuth angle, an elevation angle, and a polarization angle of the probe respectively, , , is an optimal attitude parameter, is a polarization correction coefficient and has a value range of 0.01-0.

05.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein: The clustering algorithm in step S2 is K-means algorithm, and the partitioning process includes: dividing the antenna aperture plane into N×N grid units with size of , extracting the simulation field strength amplitude of each unit and calculating the field strength gradient , dividing the region with field strength gradient less than into the same sub-region, , is the maximum field strength of the antenna aperture.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein: The side length L of the sub-region in step S2 satisfies , is the beam width of the wide-beam probe, and the preset overlap rate is 15%-20%.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein: The compensation model in step S3 is: ; wherein, to compensate for the post-boundary field strength, , are the original field strengths of the adjacent sub-areas at the boundary, , are the weight coefficients and , is an error correction coefficient and has a value range of 0.02-0.08, is the boundary line abscissa, is the test frequency.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein: The preprocessing in step S4 adopts a wavelet threshold denoising algorithm, and the denoising threshold satisfies: wherein, is a noise standard deviation, is the number of field strength data points of a single sub-region.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein: The beam width of the wide-beam probe in step S1 is 15°-60°, the working frequency band covers 1-18GHz, and the gain error of the standard gain horn antenna is ≤0.1dB.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein: The positioning accuracy of the three-dimensional displacement platform in step S1 is ≤0.01mm, the bearing capacity is not less than 500kg, and the azimuth angle, the elevation angle and the polarization angle of the wide-beam probe can be adjusted in real time according to the mapping model.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein: The test frequency interval of the vector network analyzer in step S3 is ≤10MHz, and the wide-beam probe is always in the optimal receiving posture after calibration in step S1 when collecting the field strength data.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein: The antenna performance parameters in step S4 specifically include gain , beam width and side lobe level . In the weighted average method, the higher the sub-region field strength uniformity, the greater the weight coefficient of the corresponding data.

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