High-temperature-resistant low-noise front-end reading system and method of perovskite radiation detector

Abstract

The invention provides a high-temperature-resistant low-noise front-end reading system and method of a perovskite radiation detector, and the system comprises the perovskite radiation detector which is used for converting incident gamma rays or X rays into charge signals; the charge sensitive amplifier is used for converting the charge signal into a step voltage signal proportional to the charge signal, and a resistor and a capacitor are arranged in a feedback path; the shaping and amplifying module is used for shaping the step voltage signal into a Gaussian or quasi-trapezoidal pulse signal; the digital acquisition and control module is used for carrying out real-time sampling, digital filtering and energy spectrum extraction on the Gaussian or quasi-trapezoidal pulse signal and simultaneously realizing self-calibration control on bias voltage, working temperature and noise state; and the high-temperature-resistant low-noise power supply module is used for providing low-drift bias voltage for the charge sensitive amplifier, the shaping amplification module and the perovskite radiation detector. According to the invention, high-fidelity reading of weak radiation signals under the conditions of high temperature, strong vibration and limited space can be realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of formation evaluation technology during drilling, and in particular to a high-temperature resistant, low-noise front-end readout system and method for a perovskite radiation detector. Background Technology

[0002] Radiation detection in oil well logging is a key technological aspect of oil exploration and development. Its core requirement is to achieve accurate energy measurement of gamma rays or X-rays in complex downhole environments characterized by high temperature, high vibration, and limited space. Currently, the detection scheme widely used in this field is the photomultiplier tube (PMT) coupled scintillator. However, this scheme has inherent drawbacks: the system structure is bulky, it relies on high-voltage power supply, and its gain characteristics are extremely sensitive to temperature changes, making it difficult to maintain stable operation in high-temperature downhole environments, which severely limits its reliability in complex operating conditions.

[0003] In recent years, semiconductor detectors have become a research hotspot in the field of radiation detection due to their advantages such as miniaturization and low-voltage operation. Among them, perovskite semiconductor detectors, with their excellent characteristics such as high atomic number, low ionization energy, and high mobility-lifetime product, have shown broad application prospects in nuclear medicine imaging, security inspection, and oil well logging. Perovskite detectors are direct conversion radiation detectors, which can directly convert incident gamma rays or X-rays into electron-hole pairs to form a charge signal, without the intermediate conversion process of a scintillator, and theoretically have higher energy resolution.

[0004] However, the practical application of perovskite detectors faces severe technical bottlenecks: First, the detector lacks an internal gain mechanism, resulting in an extremely weak output charge signal (only tens of thousands of electrons), far lower than the output signal after internal gain of the PMT. Therefore, a highly sensitive, low-noise front-end readout circuit is essential for effective energy measurement. Second, perovskite crystals contain carrier traps and mobility inhomogeneities, which easily lead to signal broadening and time drift, placing stringent demands on the dynamic compensation and shaping capabilities of the readout circuit. Third, perovskite materials are prone to performance degradation under high temperature, high humidity, and vibration conditions, requiring the readout circuit to maintain its performance even in extreme environments. Fourth, traditional readout schemes for perovskite detectors employ discrete charge-sensitive amplifiers (CSAs), shaping amplifiers, high-speed analog-to-digital converters (ADCs), and high-voltage bias power supplies, which suffer from large size, high power consumption, and low integration, making them unsuitable for the space constraints and heat dissipation requirements of downhole logging equipment. Fifth, as the core of the readout chain, the equivalent noise charge (ENC) of the CSA circuit directly determines the energy resolution. Existing discrete or conventional integrated CSAs struggle to balance low noise, high gain, and stability in high-temperature environments, preventing the full realization of the excellent performance of perovskite detectors.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a new high-temperature resistant, low-noise front-end readout system for perovskite radiation detectors to solve the above problems. Summary of the Invention

[0006] In view of this, this application provides a high-temperature resistant, low-noise front-end readout system and method for a perovskite radiation detector, which can achieve high-fidelity readout of weak radiation signals under conditions of high temperature, strong vibration and space constraints.

[0007] The first aspect of this application provides a high-temperature, low-noise front-end readout system for a perovskite radiation detector, applied in an oil well logging environment. The system includes: a perovskite radiation detector for converting incident gamma rays or X-rays into charge signals; a charge-sensitive amplifier, the input of which is coupled to the perovskite radiation detector, for converting the charge signals into a stepped voltage signal proportional to the charge signals, wherein a resistor and a capacitor are provided in the feedback path of the charge-sensitive amplifier; a shaping and amplification module connected to the output of the charge-sensitive amplifier, for shaping the stepped voltage signal into a Gaussian or quasi-trapezoidal pulse signal; a digital acquisition and control module for real-time sampling, digital filtering, and energy spectrum extraction of the Gaussian or quasi-trapezoidal pulse signal, while simultaneously achieving self-calibration control of bias voltage, operating temperature, and noise status; and a high-temperature, low-noise power supply module for providing a low-drift bias voltage to the charge-sensitive amplifier, the shaping and amplification module, and the perovskite radiation detector.

[0008] In one possible implementation, the shaping and amplification module includes a differential conversion and input buffer unit, a high-frequency noise passive filtering unit, a bipolar differential amplification and waveform shaping unit, an adaptive baseline recovery and drift compensation unit, and an output buffer and amplitude calibration unit. The differential conversion and input buffer unit is used to convert the stepped voltage signal into a differential signal. The high-frequency noise passive filtering unit is used to attenuate the high-frequency noise in the differential signal. The bipolar differential amplification and waveform shaping unit is used to amplify the amplitude of the differential signal after attenuating the high-frequency noise to the adaptation range of the digital acquisition and control module, and convert the stepped waveform of the amplified differential signal into a Gaussian or quasi-trapezoidal pulse. The adaptive baseline recovery and drift compensation unit is used to calibrate the baseline drift in real time. The output buffer and amplitude calibration unit is used to calibrate the gain drift and output the Gaussian or quasi-trapezoidal pulse signal.

[0009] In one possible implementation, the differential conversion and input buffer unit includes a high-temperature operational amplifier, a symmetrical differential resistor network, and an input protection diode; the high-frequency noise passive filtering unit includes a capacitor made of high-temperature resistant material and a thin-film resistor; the bipolar differential amplification and waveform shaping unit includes a two-stage high-temperature resistant differential amplifier, a digital potentiometer, and an RC-RC shaping network; the adaptive baseline recovery and drift compensation unit includes a high-temperature resistant high-speed analog switch, a sample-and-hold capacitor, a reference voltage source, and a comparator amplifier; and the output buffer and amplitude calibration unit includes a high-temperature resistant power transistor, a current-limiting resistor, and a calibration signal generator.

[0010] In one possible implementation, the high-temperature, low-noise power supply module includes an input voltage pre-regulation and surge suppression unit, an isolated voltage conversion unit, a low-dropout precision voltage regulation and noise suppression unit, a voltage drift dynamic compensation unit, and a power supply status monitoring and fault protection unit. The input voltage pre-regulation and surge suppression unit performs preliminary processing of the external input voltage to suppress power supply fluctuations and transient interference. The isolated voltage conversion unit achieves electrical isolation between the input and output, performs voltage level conversion, and outputs multiple intermediate voltages. The low-dropout precision voltage regulation and noise suppression unit regulates the intermediate voltage after isolation conversion, outputting a low-noise bias voltage that meets circuit requirements. The voltage drift dynamic compensation unit monitors output voltage drift in real time and cancels drift through dynamic calibration. The power supply status monitoring and fault protection unit monitors the power supply circuit status and provides fault protection.

[0011] In one possible implementation, the input voltage pre-regulation and surge suppression unit includes a high-temperature resistant low-dropout linear regulator, a transient voltage suppression diode, and a current-limiting resistor; the isolated voltage conversion unit includes a high-frequency isolation transformer with a high-temperature resistant magnetic core, a shielding layer, and a drive circuit; the low-dropout precision regulation and noise suppression unit includes a high-temperature resistant, low-noise, low-dropout linear regulator and a high-frequency decoupling capacitor; the voltage drift dynamic compensation unit includes a high-temperature resistant voltage sensor, a digital potentiometer, and an FPGA control interface; and the power supply status monitoring and fault protection unit includes an overvoltage detection circuit, an overcurrent sampling resistor, a protection switch, and a status feedback circuit.

[0012] In one possible implementation, the digital acquisition and control module includes a high-speed analog-to-digital converter and a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) control chip; the high-speed analog-to-digital converter and the FPGA control chip are connected through a high-speed serial interface, and the data transmission rate between the high-speed analog-to-digital converter and the FPGA control chip is greater than 1Gbps.

[0013] In one possible implementation, the high-temperature resistant, low-noise front-end readout system operates within a temperature range of -40°C to 200°C and a voltage range of ±5V to ±15V; the circuit volume of the high-temperature resistant, low-noise front-end readout system is less than 10cm². 3 The weight is less than or equal to 50g.

[0014] Secondly, embodiments of this application also provide a high-temperature resistant, low-noise front-end readout method for a perovskite radiation detector, applied to the high-temperature resistant, low-noise front-end readout system for the perovskite radiation detector described in the first aspect; the high-temperature resistant, low-noise front-end readout method includes: directly converting incident γ-rays or X-rays into charge signals using a perovskite radiation detector; converting the charge signals into step voltage signals proportional to the charge signals using a charge-sensitive amplifier; shaping the step voltage signals into Gaussian or quasi-trapezoidal pulse signals using a shaping and amplification module; and performing real-time sampling, digital filtering, and energy spectrum extraction on the Gaussian or quasi-trapezoidal pulse signals using a digital acquisition and control module, and performing self-calibration control on the bias voltage, operating temperature, and noise status.

[0015] In one possible implementation, converting the charge signal into a stepped voltage signal proportional to the charge signal using a charge-sensitive amplifier includes: coupling the input terminal of the charge-sensitive amplifier with the anode output terminal of the perovskite radiation detector using low parasitic parameters; after the charge signal enters the input terminal of the charge-sensitive amplifier through the coupling path, the charge-sensitive amplifier performs preliminary current amplification on the charge signal, converting the charge signal into a weak current signal, wherein the weak current signal flows to the feedback path of the charge-sensitive amplifier and completes charge storage through a feedback capacitor; during the charge signal conversion process, the charge is released through a high-impedance discharge resistor connected in series in the feedback path; the temperature drift of the feedback capacitor is offset by a temperature compensation capacitor network connected in parallel in the feedback path of the charge-sensitive amplifier to form a preliminary stepped voltage signal; the preliminary stepped voltage signal is buffered and driven through the output terminal of the charge-sensitive amplifier to form a single-ended stepped voltage signal.

[0016] Compared with related technologies, the embodiments of this application have at least the following advantages: In system design, the perovskite radiation detector and charge-sensitive amplifier are integrated on the same high-temperature resistant substrate, minimizing signal transmission paths and parasitic capacitances, thereby reducing input noise and increasing signal bandwidth. Simultaneously, a low-noise differential shaping amplifier module is introduced into the circuit architecture to convert the stepped voltage output of the charge-sensitive amplifier into a symmetrical Gaussian or quasi-trapezoidal pulse, providing a linear, low-distortion input signal for the back-end digital acquisition and control module. Both the shaping amplifier module and the high-temperature, low-noise power supply module employ high-temperature resistant, low-leakage components to ensure the gain and baseline stability of the high-temperature, low-noise front-end readout system under continuous operation conditions above 150°C. Regarding environmental adaptability, traditional PMT systems are extremely sensitive to temperature, with their gain fluctuating drastically with temperature, making stable operation in high-temperature downhole environments difficult; while this application uses wide-bandgap semiconductors and high-temperature resistant electronic components, and the circuit architecture does not rely on vacuum tube gain structures, enabling stable output above 150°C, greatly expanding the application boundaries of radiation measurement technology in complex scenarios such as oil well logging. Regarding system integration and reliability, the PMT system is bulky, requires high-voltage power supply, and has poor shock resistance, making it unsuitable for compact downhole equipment. This application, through ASIC-level integrated design and low-voltage bias technology, achieves overall size reduction, power supply simplification, and improved system robustness, enabling the detection module to be directly embedded in the logging tool for long-term operation, possessing high mechanical stability and low maintenance costs. In summary, the high-temperature resistant, low-noise front-end readout system of the perovskite radiation detector in this application not only overcomes the limitations of the PMT system in terms of performance, such as large size, high-voltage dependence, and severe temperature drift, but also achieves a balance of high resolution, strong robustness, and high integration at the system level.

[0017] The technical effects achieved by the second, third, and fourth aspects mentioned above are similar to those achieved by the corresponding technical means in the first aspect, and will not be repeated here. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the functional modules of a high-temperature resistant, low-noise front-end readout system for a perovskite radiation detector provided in an embodiment of this application. Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating a high-temperature, low-noise front-end readout method for a perovskite radiation detector provided in an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation

[0019] To better understand the above-mentioned objectives, features, and advantages of this application, the application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in these embodiments can be combined with each other.

[0020] The following description sets forth many specific details to provide a full understanding of this application. The described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application.

[0021] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the specification of this application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of this application.

[0022] It should be further noted that, in this document, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitation, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes that element.

[0023] In this application, "at least one" means one or more, and "more than one" means two or more. "And / or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," etc. (if present) in the specification, claims, and drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects, not to describe a specific order or sequence.

[0024] In the embodiments of this application, the terms "exemplary" or "for example" are used to indicate examples, illustrations, or descriptions. Any embodiment or design described as "exemplary" or "for example" in the embodiments of this application should not be construed as being more preferred or advantageous than other embodiments or designs. Specifically, the use of terms such as "exemplary" or "for example" is intended to present the relevant concepts in a specific manner.

[0025] For ease of understanding, some concepts related to the embodiments of this application are illustrated and explained by way of example for reference.

[0026] Perovskite radiation detector: a novel high-energy radiation detection device based on perovskite materials, with advantages such as high sensitivity, high spatial resolution, low radiation dose and excellent carrier transport performance.

[0027] ASIC-level integrated design is a complete process for customizing integrated circuits for specific applications, covering the entire lifecycle from requirements analysis to tape-out production. Its core lies in achieving high performance, low power consumption, and small size through dedicated design, and it is widely used in fields such as AI and communications.

[0028] A charge-sensitive amplifier (CSA) is an electronic device that converts weak charge signals into low-impedance voltage signals, primarily used for measuring dynamic physical quantities such as vibration and shock. Its core function is based on a high-precision operational amplifier in a charge conversion stage and a feedback capacitor to achieve linear charge-to-voltage conversion, while reducing cable capacitance interference through the Miller effect.

[0029] Shaping amplifiers are primarily used to amplify and shape input signals to ensure clarity and accuracy during transmission or processing. These amplifiers are commonly found in communication systems, medical equipment, and industrial control systems, effectively reducing signal distortion and improving the signal-to-noise ratio.

[0030] High-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC): A core device used to convert analog signals into digital signals, widely used in communications, industrial control and other fields.

[0031] RC-RC shaping network: a circuit structure used for signal processing that uses a combination of resistors (R), capacitors (C), and inductors (L) to achieve signal shaping, filtering, or matching functions.

[0032] Please refer to Figure 1 , Figure 1 This is a functional module diagram of the high-temperature resistant, low-noise front-end readout system for the perovskite radiation detector of this application. For ease of explanation, the structural diagram of the embodiment of the high-temperature resistant, low-noise front-end readout system for the perovskite radiation detector only shows the parts related to the embodiment of this application. Those skilled in the art will understand that the illustrated structure does not constitute a limitation on the device, and may include more or fewer components than shown, or combine certain components, or have different component arrangements.

[0033] The high-temperature and low-noise front-end readout system 10 of the perovskite radiation detector includes a perovskite radiation detector 101, a charge-sensitive amplifier 102, a shaping and amplification module 103, a digital acquisition and control module 104, and a high-temperature and low-noise power supply module 105.

[0034] The perovskite radiation detector 101 converts incident gamma rays or X-rays into charge signals. The input of the charge-sensitive amplifier 102 is coupled to the perovskite radiation detector 101 and converts the charge signal into a stepped voltage signal proportional to the charge signal. The feedback path of the charge-sensitive amplifier 102 includes a resistor and a capacitor. The shaping amplification module 103 is connected to the output of the charge-sensitive amplifier 102 and shapes the stepped voltage signal into a Gaussian or quasi-trapezoidal pulse signal. The digital acquisition and control module 104 performs real-time sampling, digital filtering, and energy spectrum extraction on the Gaussian or quasi-trapezoidal pulse signal, and simultaneously achieves self-calibration control of the bias voltage, operating temperature, and noise status. The high-temperature, low-noise power supply module 105 provides a low-drift bias voltage for the charge-sensitive amplifier 102, the shaping amplification module 103, and the perovskite radiation detector 101.

[0035] To facilitate understanding, the structural composition of the perovskite radiation detector 101 is explained in detail below: The perovskite radiation detector 101 has a unique crystal structure based on perovskite materials (such as formamidinium lead iodine, cesium lead bromine, etc.), and has the characteristics of high atomic number (Z value), low ionization energy (about 2.5-3.5 eV / eh pair) and high mobility-lifetime product (μτ value is usually greater than 10-3 cm² / V).

[0036] Specifically, the high atomic number gives it a strong absorption capacity for high-energy radiation such as gamma rays and X-rays, enabling high detection efficiency with a relatively thin crystal thickness and reducing the impact of crystal volume on the overall system size.

[0037] Low ionization energy characteristic: When radiation of the same energy is incident, a greater number of electron-hole pairs (i.e., charge signal Q) can be generated. Although the gain signal is still weaker than that of PMT, it provides a more stable signal basis for the low-noise amplification of subsequent charge-sensitive amplifier CSA.

[0038] High mobility-lifetime product characteristics (the high mobility-lifetime product μτ of perovskite materials is typically greater than 10⁻³ cm² / V, far exceeding the traditional silicon-based detector μτ≈10⁻⁴ cm² / V. This allows perovskite detectors to achieve efficient carrier collection and reduce signal loss even with thicker crystals (meeting high radiation absorption efficiency): On the one hand, it enables the electron-hole pairs (i.e., "carriers") generated by the energy deposition of incident gamma rays or X-rays inside the crystal to migrate at a faster speed without undergoing the secondary conversion process of "radiation → visible light → electrical signal" in the scintillator, and the carriers survive on the migration path for a longer period of time. The longer interval between radiation sources increases the probability of the charge carriers reaching the electrode and being collected, reducing signal loss. It also avoids additional noise sources such as fluctuations in scintillator luminous efficiency and optical transmission loss. Furthermore, it allows for a more uniform and synchronized carrier migration process, ensuring that carriers generated by radiation of the same energy reach the electrode within a similar timeframe, forming a stable and well-defined charge signal. The conversion efficiency of the perovskite detector crystal is positively correlated with the radiation energy. For gamma rays in the energy range of 50 keV-10 MeV, the charge conversion efficiency can reach over 90%, and it can maintain a stable carrier mobility (electron mobility ≥ 200 cm² / (V)) even at a high temperature of 150℃. s), hole mobility ≥100cm² / (V (s)) can meet the detection requirements of complex radiation fields downhole.

[0039] In some embodiments, the perovskite radiation detector 101 is directly coupled to the input terminal of the charge-sensitive amplifier 102 through precision packaging; the coupling interface is made of a low dielectric constant, high temperature resistant insulating material (such as an alumina ceramic gasket), which can avoid electrical interference between the crystal and the circuit, and achieve heat conduction between the crystal and the substrate through the high thermal conductivity of the material, preventing the crystal from overheating and causing performance degradation.

[0040] Furthermore, the output voltage of the charge-sensitive amplifier 102 satisfies the following relationship with the input charge: Vout∝Q / Cf; where Vout is the amplitude of the stepped voltage signal output by the charge-sensitive amplifier 102, Q is the charge signal converted by the perovskite radiation detector 101, and Cf is the feedback capacitor of the charge-sensitive amplifier 102 (usually with a value of 1-10pF). To ensure the linear response of the signal, the feedback capacitor Cf of the charge-sensitive amplifier 102 is a high-temperature resistant polyimide dielectric capacitor, whose temperature coefficient is less than ±1% in the range of 150-200℃, which can avoid gain drift caused by temperature changes.

[0041] Preferably, to adapt to high-temperature operating conditions above 150°C, the input terminal of the charge-sensitive amplifier 102 adopts a high-temperature resistant, low-leakage input transistor (such as silicon carbide SiCMOSFET or gallium nitride GaNHEMT; these transistors can control the leakage current to below nA in high-temperature environments above 150°C, which is much lower than that of traditional silicon-based transistors (the leakage current can reach the μA level at high temperatures), significantly reducing the current noise of the input stage); the input circuit of the charge-sensitive amplifier 102 adopts a common-source topology, and further suppresses the flicker noise (1 / f noise) of the transistor through source degradation resistor optimization, so that the equivalent noise charge ENC of the charge-sensitive amplifier 102 can still be controlled below 100e- at 150°C, ensuring the accurate amplification of weak charge signals and avoiding noise masking the effective signal, which would lead to energy resolution degradation.

[0042] It is worth noting that a high-impedance discharge resistor Rf (with a resistance value typically of 10⁸-10¹⁰Ω) and a temperature compensation capacitor network are set in the feedback path of the charge-sensitive amplifier 102 to ensure low-noise amplification and stable gain characteristics under high-temperature environments. The high-impedance discharge resistor Rf in the feedback path is used to release the charge accumulated on the feedback capacitor Cf to prevent signal saturation. The high-impedance discharge resistor Rf is a high-temperature resistant thin film resistor, and its resistance temperature coefficient is controlled within ±50ppm / ℃ to ensure stable discharge speed.

[0043] It should also be noted that, due to the slow rise time, superimposed high-frequency noise, and baseline drift of the stepped voltage signal output by the charge-sensitive amplifier 102, it cannot be directly sampled by the analog-to-digital converter. Therefore, the shaping and amplification module 103 achieves "denoising" and "shaping" of the output signal of the charge-sensitive amplifier 102 through the coordinated design of bipolar differential topology and adaptive baseline recovery circuit. The shaping and amplification module 103 is connected to the output terminal of the charge-sensitive amplifier 102 and is used to shape the stepped voltage signal into a Gaussian or quasi-trapezoidal pulse to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and adapt to the digital acquisition and control module 104.

[0044] For ease of understanding, the following is a detailed description of the structural composition of the shaping and amplification module 103: The shaping and amplification module 103 includes a differential conversion and input buffer unit, a high-frequency noise passive filtering unit, a bipolar differential amplification and waveform shaping unit, an adaptive baseline recovery and drift compensation unit, and an output buffer and amplitude calibration unit.

[0045] The differential conversion and input buffer unit includes a high-temperature operational amplifier, a symmetrical differential resistor network, and an input protection diode, used to convert the single-ended stepped voltage signal output by the charge-sensitive amplifier 102 into a differential signal while isolating the load effect; the high-frequency noise passive filtering unit includes high-temperature ceramic capacitors (temperature coefficient ±1%) and thin-film resistors (temperature coefficient ±50ppm / ℃), used to attenuate high-frequency noise in the signal (such as transistor thermal noise and parasitic oscillation noise) and initially shape the waveform; the bipolar differential amplification and waveform shaping unit includes a two-stage high-temperature differential amplifier, a digital potentiometer (gain adjustment), and an RC... The RLC shaping network amplifies the differential signal amplitude to the range of the high-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and converts the stepped waveform into a Gaussian / quasi-trapezoidal pulse. The adaptive baseline recovery and drift compensation unit includes a high-temperature resistant high-speed analog switch (switching time <10ns), a sample-and-hold capacitor, a reference voltage source, and a comparator amplifier, used to calibrate baseline drift caused by high temperature in real time and ensure the accuracy of signal amplitude measurement. The output buffer and amplitude calibration unit includes a push-pull high-temperature resistant power transistor, a current-limiting resistor, and a calibration signal generator, used to drive the downstream high-speed ADC load, calibrate gain drift, and ensure stable output signal.

[0046] Furthermore, the shaping and amplification module 103 employs a bipolar differential topology and an adaptive baseline recovery circuit, enabling baseline stability control at high temperatures. The bipolar differential topology uses a symmetrical differential amplification circuit to convert the single-ended stepped signal output from the charge-sensitive amplifier 102 into a bipolar differential signal (i.e., positive and negative symmetrical pulse signals). On one hand, the differential structure effectively suppresses common-mode noise (such as power supply noise and environmental electromagnetic interference), achieving a common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) of over 80dB, significantly reducing the impact of external interference on the signal. On the other hand, the zero-crossing and peak points of the bipolar waveform are easier for the analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to identify, reducing timing errors during sampling. Simultaneously, the waveform's symmetry reduces the complexity of subsequent digital filtering, improving the accuracy of energy spectrum extraction. In high-temperature environments, parameter drift of circuit components (such as changes in resistance and capacitance values) can easily cause signal baseline shifts. Without compensation, this can lead to systematic errors in energy measurement. The adaptive baseline recovery circuit samples the baseline voltage of the signal in real time (i.e., the output voltage under no-radiation incident conditions) and compares it with a preset reference voltage. It then generates a compensation voltage, which is fed back to the input stage of the shaping circuit to dynamically adjust the baseline level. The circuit's response time can be controlled within 100ns, and even with temperature fluctuations above 150℃, the baseline drift can be controlled within ±5mV, ensuring the peak measurement accuracy of the pulse signal.

[0047] It is understandable that power supply noise is one of the key factors affecting the noise performance of the readout system, especially in high-temperature environments, where the ripple noise of traditional linear power supplies or switching power supplies will increase significantly, interfering with the normal operation of the charge-sensitive amplifier 102 and the shaping amplifier module 103. The high-temperature low-noise power supply module 105 of this application is used to provide a low-drift bias voltage for the charge-sensitive amplifier 102 and the shaping amplifier module 103. The high-temperature low-noise power supply module 105 adopts an isolated low-power voltage regulator structure to reduce the impact of power supply noise on the readout link.

[0048] Specifically, the design method of the isolated low-power voltage regulator structure includes: achieving electrical isolation between input and output through a high-frequency transformer (isolation voltage greater than 1kV) to prevent grid noise (such as power supply fluctuations of downhole equipment) from being transmitted to the output side; at the same time, the isolation structure can also prevent noise coupling between modules within the system; using a low-dropout linear regulator (LDO) as the back-end voltage regulator unit, the output ripple voltage of the LDO can be controlled below 10μVrms (10Hz-1MHz frequency band), which can provide a stable bias voltage (such as ±5V, ±12V) for the charge-sensitive amplifier 102, preventing power supply ripple from being converted into signal noise; using synchronous rectification technology to improve the power conversion efficiency to over 85%, reducing heat generation caused by power consumption, and further reducing the overall power consumption of the system through intermittent operation mode (only starting high-power mode when radiated signal is incident, switching to low-power mode when there is no signal), adapting to the battery power supply requirements of downhole equipment.

[0049] More specifically, the high-temperature low-noise power supply module 105 includes an input voltage pre-regulation and surge suppression unit, an isolated voltage conversion unit, a low-dropout precision voltage regulation and noise suppression unit, a voltage drift dynamic compensation unit, and a power supply status monitoring and fault protection unit.

[0050] The input voltage pre-regulation and surge suppression unit is used to perform preliminary processing on external input voltages (such as 12V-24V DC power supplies for oil well logging equipment) to suppress power supply fluctuations and transient interference. This unit includes a high-temperature resistant low-dropout linear regulator (LDO), a transient voltage suppression diode (TVS), and a current-limiting resistor. The isolation voltage conversion unit is used to achieve electrical isolation between input and output, while also performing voltage level conversion and outputting multiple intermediate voltages. This unit includes a high-frequency isolation transformer (high-temperature resistant magnetic core), a shielding layer, and a drive circuit. The low-dropout precision voltage regulation and noise suppression unit is used to precisely regulate the intermediate voltage after isolation conversion, further suppressing noise and outputting a low-noise bias voltage that meets circuit requirements. This unit includes a high-temperature resistant, low-noise, low-dropout linear regulator (LDO) (such as a SiC-based LDO). The high-temperature low-noise power supply module 105 consists of an LDO (Low Voltage Detector), a high-frequency decoupling capacitor, a voltage drift dynamic compensation unit for real-time monitoring of output voltage drift under high-temperature conditions, and dynamic calibration to offset drift and ensure bias voltage stability. The voltage drift dynamic compensation unit includes a high-temperature resistant voltage sensor (voltage divider resistor + high-temperature ADC), a digital potentiometer (high-temperature resistant type), and an FPGA control interface. The power supply status monitoring and fault protection unit includes an overvoltage detection circuit, an overcurrent sampling resistor, a protection switch, and a status feedback circuit. The five units of the high-temperature low-noise power supply module 105 are designed with a full-link structure of "preprocessing-isolation conversion-precise voltage regulation-drift compensation-fault protection" to ensure that the high-temperature low-noise power supply module 105 can provide a stable bias voltage with low noise (ripple < 10 μV rms) and low drift (within ± 1 mV) for the charge-sensitive amplifier 102 and the shaping amplifier module 103 in environments above 150℃.

[0051] In some embodiments, the digital acquisition and control module 104 is used to perform real-time sampling, digital filtering, and energy spectrum extraction on the shaped pulse signal, and to achieve self-calibration control of bias voltage, operating temperature, and noise status. The digital acquisition and control module 104 includes a high-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) control chip. The high-speed ADC has the characteristics of high sampling rate and high resolution: the sampling rate is selected to be above 100 MSPS, which can ensure complete acquisition of pulse waveform; the resolution is selected to be above 12 bits, which can control the quantization error of the voltage signal within 1 LSB (1 Least Significant Bit, which is the smallest voltage change that the high-speed ADC can identify when converting the analog voltage signal into a digital signal) (corresponding to quantization noise less than 1 mV), which can avoid the quantization error from affecting the energy measurement accuracy. The high-speed ADC and the FPGA control chip are connected through a high-speed serial interface (such as LVDS), and the data transmission rate can reach above 1 Gbps, which can ensure real-time transmission of sampled data; the FPGA control chip has real-time data processing, energy spectrum extraction and storage, and self-calibration control functions.

[0052] Specifically, FPGA control chips are highly flexible and customizable semiconductor logic devices, with their core feature being "field-programmable." This means that after the chip leaves the factory, users can reconfigure its internal logic resources (such as lookup tables, flip-flops, multipliers, RAM, etc.) using hardware description languages ​​(such as Verilog and VHDL) to build dedicated digital circuit functions, without relying on a fixed hardware manufacturing process like Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs). Functionally, FPGA control chips combine the flexibility of general-purpose processors with the efficiency of dedicated chips: on the one hand, they can be programmed to implement complex digital logic control, data processing, timing scheduling, and other functions, supporting later functional iterations and modifications; on the other hand, their hardware logic runs directly in parallel, providing processing speeds far exceeding those of general-purpose CPUs and lower latency in scenarios such as real-time signal processing, high-speed data acquisition, and precise timing control.

[0053] The real-time data processing of the FPGA control chip includes: digital filtering (such as Gaussian filtering and trapezoidal filtering) of the digital signals sampled by the high-speed analog-to-digital converter to remove residual high-frequency noise, extracting characteristic parameters such as peak value and integral area of ​​the pulse signal, and then calculating the radiated energy (energy is proportional to the integral area); the energy spectrum extraction and storage of the FPGA control chip includes: statistically analyzing the processed energy data according to a preset energy range to generate an energy spectrum (such as gamma spectrum), and storing it in on-chip RAM or external Flash for subsequent reading and analysis by the host computer; the self-calibration control of the FPGA control chip includes temperature self-calibration and noise self-calibration; the temperature self-calibration of the FPGA control chip is achieved by: through The system's built-in temperature sensor (such as a platinum resistance thermometer PT1000) collects the operating temperature in real time. If the temperature exceeds a preset threshold (such as 150℃±5℃), the bias voltage of the charge-sensitive amplifier 102 and the baseline compensation parameters of the shaping amplification module 103 are dynamically adjusted to counteract the effects of temperature drift. Noise self-calibration is performed by periodically (such as every 10 minutes) collecting noise signals under no-radiation conditions and calculating the equivalent charge noise (ENC) value of the charge-sensitive amplifier. If the ENC value exceeds a preset range (such as greater than 100e-), the parameters of the digital filtering algorithm (such as the filter window width) are optimized, or the sampling clock phase of the high-speed analog-to-digital converter is adjusted to ensure that the system is always in a low-noise operating state.

[0054] Furthermore, the sampling rate of the high-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC) is set to above 100 MSPS and the resolution to above 12 bits to ensure that a sufficient number of sampling points are collected during the critical stages of the pulse signal, such as the rising edge, peak, and falling edge (typically 20-50 points per pulse), to fully reproduce the detailed characteristics of the pulse waveform (such as peak amplitude, pulse width, and baseline level). The sampling process must be synchronized with the occurrence of the pulse signal: the synchronous trigger signal output by the FPGA control chip (provided by the pulse detection circuit of the shaping module) ensures that the high-speed ADC starts sampling immediately when the pulse arrives, avoiding peak loss due to sampling delay. At the same time, the input range of the high-speed ADC is precisely matched with the amplitude range of the shaped pulse (e.g., 0-4.095V) to fully utilize the dynamic range of the high-speed ADC and reduce quantization error (quantization noise <1mV).

[0055] In some embodiments, the digital acquisition and control module 104 further includes a pulse feature extraction unit, an energy spectrum accumulation and storage unit, a system status monitoring and self-calibration unit, and a communication and external interface unit.

[0056] Specifically, the pulse feature extraction unit is used to extract key parameters related to radiation energy from the preprocessed digital waveform, providing basic data for energy spectrum construction. Key parameters related to radiation energy include peak amplitude (Vpeak): directly related to incident radiation energy (E∝Vpeak), located by an extreme value detection algorithm; pulse width (FWHM): distinguishing different types of radiation (such as gamma rays and X-rays); rise / fall time: evaluating system response speed for fault diagnosis. The energy spectrum accumulation and storage unit is used to convert pulse peak amplitude into radiation energy spectrum and realize real-time data storage and updating. Specifically, the peak amplitude is divided into preset energy channels (such as 1024 channels or 4096 channels). For each pulse detected, the count of the corresponding channel is incremented by 1. Dead time compensation is performed (correcting the count loss caused by pulse accumulation) to ensure the accuracy of energy spectrum statistics. The energy spectrum data is updated at a frequency of 1-10Hz, and the storage depth supports continuous acquisition for ≥24 hours. The system status monitoring and self-calibration unit is used to monitor the system's operating status (voltage, temperature, noise, etc.) in real time and achieve parameter self-calibration through closed-loop control to ensure stability at high temperatures. The monitored parameters are the power module output voltage (via a voltage sensor), system operating temperature (built-in temperature sensor), and baseline noise level (baseline standard deviation of the ADC output). The self-calibration functions include: bias voltage calibration: adjusting the power module feedback resistor via a digital interface to correct voltage drift; temperature compensation: adjusting the gain of the shaping amplifier module 103 according to the temperature-gain curve to offset temperature effects; and noise suppression: dynamically optimizing the CSA feedback network parameters to reduce noise levels. The communication and external interface unit is used to realize data interaction and command reception with external systems (such as ground control centers), and supports remote monitoring and configuration.

[0057] It is worth noting that, in order to further optimize the performance of the high-temperature resistant and low-noise front-end readout system 10, this embodiment integrates the bias circuits of the charge-sensitive amplifier 102, the shaping amplification module 103, and the high-temperature and low-noise power supply module 105 onto the same high-temperature resistant ceramic substrate (such as aluminum nitride AlN ceramic, with a thermal conductivity of up to 170 W / (m²)). K), and co-packaged with the perovskite radiation detector 101 to form an integrated detection-amplification module. This design minimizes the signal transmission path and parasitic capacitance, avoids localized overheating inside the module, and significantly improves system bandwidth and anti-interference capability.

[0058] Specifically, shortening the distance between the output terminal of the perovskite radiation detector 101 and the input terminal of the charge-sensitive amplifier 102 to within 1 mm can significantly reduce parasitic capacitance (which can be controlled below 0.5 pF) and parasitic inductance during signal transmission. Excessive parasitic capacitance leads to an increase in the input capacitance of the charge-sensitive amplifier CSA, thereby reducing the gain (Vout∝Q / (Cf+Cparasitic)), while parasitic inductance easily introduces high-frequency oscillation noise. The integrated detection-amplification design of this embodiment avoids these problems from a physical structure perspective, ensuring stable gain and low noise performance of the charge-sensitive amplifier 102. The high-temperature resistant ceramic substrate has high thermal conductivity, which can reduce the heat generated by the charge-sensitive amplifier 102, the shaping amplification module 103, and other heat-generating components. The heat is rapidly conducted to the encapsulation shell (made of stainless steel, which combines shock resistance and heat dissipation), and then dissipated through contact between the shell and the metal structure of the logging equipment, preventing localized overheating inside the module. Actual measurements show that in an environment of 150℃, the highest temperature inside the integrated module does not exceed 170℃, far below the maximum withstand temperature of the components (such as the maximum withstand temperature of SiC transistors, which can reach 250℃). The integrated package uses a metal shielding shell (such as a copper alloy shielding layer), which can effectively shield external electromagnetic interference (such as the electromagnetic field generated by the operation of downhole motors). At the same time, the internal circuit units of the module are isolated by grounding design (such as separate grounding of the CSA input stage and separate grounding of digital units), which can avoid noise coupling between internal modules and further improve the system's anti-interference capability.

[0059] Furthermore, the high-temperature resistant, low-noise front-end readout system 10 has an operating temperature range of -40℃ to 200℃ and an operating voltage range of ±5V to ±15V, meeting the requirements for long-term stable operation above 150℃; the circuit volume does not exceed 10cm². 3 Weighing ≤50g, it can be directly embedded inside the probe of a small logging tool and is suitable for downhole radiation detection environments in oil well logging.

[0060] Compared with related technologies, the embodiments of this application have at least the following advantages: In system design, the perovskite radiation detector and charge-sensitive amplifier are integrated on the same high-temperature resistant substrate, minimizing signal transmission paths and parasitic capacitances, thereby reducing input noise and increasing signal bandwidth. Simultaneously, a low-noise differential shaping amplifier module is introduced into the circuit architecture to convert the stepped voltage output of the charge-sensitive amplifier into a symmetrical Gaussian or quasi-trapezoidal pulse, providing a linear, low-distortion input signal for the back-end digital acquisition and control module. Both the shaping amplifier module and the high-temperature, low-noise power supply module employ high-temperature resistant, low-leakage components to ensure the gain and baseline stability of the high-temperature, low-noise front-end readout system under continuous operation conditions above 150°C. Regarding environmental adaptability, traditional PMT systems are extremely sensitive to temperature, with their gain fluctuating drastically with temperature, making stable operation in high-temperature downhole environments difficult; while this application uses wide-bandgap semiconductors and high-temperature resistant electronic components, and the circuit architecture does not rely on vacuum tube gain structures, enabling stable output above 150°C, greatly expanding the application boundaries of radiation measurement technology in complex scenarios such as oil well logging. Regarding system integration and reliability, the PMT system is bulky, requires high-voltage power supply, and has poor shock resistance, making it unsuitable for compact downhole equipment. This application, through ASIC-level integrated design and low-voltage bias technology, achieves overall size reduction, power supply simplification, and improved system robustness, enabling the detection module to be directly embedded in the logging tool for long-term operation, possessing high mechanical stability and low maintenance costs. In summary, the high-temperature resistant, low-noise front-end readout system based on perovskite radiation detectors in this application not only overcomes the limitations of the PMT system in terms of performance, such as large size, high-voltage dependence, and severe temperature drift, but also achieves a balance between high resolution, strong robustness, and high integration at the system level.

[0061] Based on the same idea as the high-temperature resistant, low-noise front-end readout system based on perovskite radiation detectors in the above embodiments, this application also provides a high-temperature resistant, low-noise front-end readout method based on perovskite radiation detectors, which can be applied to the above-mentioned high-temperature resistant, low-noise front-end readout system based on perovskite radiation detectors.

[0062] Please refer to Figure 2 This is a flowchart illustrating one step of a high-temperature, low-noise front-end readout method for a perovskite radiation detector provided in this application embodiment.

[0063] The specific process of this embodiment is as follows: Figure 2 As shown, it includes the following steps: S201: Converts incident gamma rays or X-rays into charge signals using a perovskite radiation detector.

[0064] In some embodiments, a perovskite radiation detector (such as formamidinium lead iodine FAPbI3 or cesium lead bromine CsPbBr3-based perovskite materials) first interacts with incident gamma rays or X-rays. Through the photoelectric effect, Compton scattering, and pair production (the specific interaction depends on the radiation energy: low-energy X-rays are mainly affected by the photoelectric effect, while high-energy gamma rays are mainly affected by Compton scattering or pair production), the energy of the radiated photons is converted into the energy of electrons inside the crystal. In this process, the high atomic number of the perovskite material plays a key role. The high atomic number value makes the crystal have a larger absorption cross section for gamma / X-rays, and can achieve a radiation energy absorption efficiency of more than 80% with a relatively thin crystal thickness (usually 500 μm-1 mm). This avoids the energy loss caused by unabsorbed radiation penetrating the crystal, and provides a sufficient energy basis for subsequent carrier excitation.

[0065] S202: Converts the charge signal into a stepped voltage signal proportional to the charge signal using a charge-sensitive amplifier.

[0066] In some embodiments, converting a charge signal into a stepped voltage signal proportional to the charge signal using a charge-sensitive amplifier includes: coupling the input terminal of the charge-sensitive amplifier to the anode output terminal of a perovskite radiation detector with low parasitic parameters; after the charge signal enters the input terminal of the charge-sensitive amplifier through the coupling path, the charge-sensitive amplifier performs preliminary current amplification on the charge signal, converting the charge signal into a weak current signal, wherein the weak current signal flows to the feedback path of the charge-sensitive amplifier, and charge storage is completed through a feedback capacitor; during the charge signal conversion process, charge is released through a high-impedance discharge resistor connected in series in the feedback path; the temperature drift of the feedback capacitor is offset by a temperature compensation capacitor network connected in parallel in the feedback path of the charge-sensitive amplifier, forming a preliminary stepped voltage signal; the preliminary stepped voltage signal is buffered and driven through the output terminal of the charge-sensitive amplifier to form a single-ended stepped voltage signal.

[0067] S203: The step voltage signal is shaped into a Gaussian or quasi-trapezoidal pulse signal through the shaping and amplification module.

[0068] S204: Real-time sampling, digital filtering, and energy spectrum extraction of Gaussian or quasi-trapezoidal pulse signals are performed through a digital acquisition and control module, and self-calibration control is performed on bias voltage, operating temperature, and noise status.

[0069] Compared with related technologies, the embodiments of this application have at least the following advantages: In system design, the perovskite radiation detector and charge-sensitive amplifier are integrated on the same high-temperature resistant substrate, minimizing signal transmission paths and parasitic capacitances, thereby reducing input noise and increasing signal bandwidth. Simultaneously, a low-noise differential shaping amplifier module is introduced into the circuit architecture to convert the stepped voltage output of the charge-sensitive amplifier into a symmetrical Gaussian or quasi-trapezoidal pulse, providing a linear, low-distortion input signal for the back-end digital acquisition and control module. Both the shaping amplifier module and the high-temperature, low-noise power supply module employ high-temperature resistant, low-leakage components to ensure the gain and baseline stability of the high-temperature, low-noise front-end readout system under continuous operation conditions above 150°C. Regarding environmental adaptability, traditional PMT systems are extremely sensitive to temperature, with their gain fluctuating drastically with temperature, making stable operation in high-temperature downhole environments difficult; while this application uses wide-bandgap semiconductors and high-temperature resistant electronic components, and the circuit architecture does not rely on vacuum tube gain structures, enabling stable output above 150°C, greatly expanding the application boundaries of radiation measurement technology in complex scenarios such as oil well logging. Regarding system integration and reliability, the PMT system is bulky, requires high-voltage power supply, and has poor shock resistance, making it unsuitable for compact downhole equipment. This application, through ASIC-level integrated design and low-voltage bias technology, achieves overall size reduction, power supply simplification, and improved system robustness, enabling the detection module to be directly embedded in the logging tool for long-term operation, possessing high mechanical stability and low maintenance costs. In summary, the high-temperature resistant, low-noise front-end readout system of the perovskite radiation detector in this application not only overcomes the limitations of the PMT system in terms of performance, such as large size, high-voltage dependence, and severe temperature drift, but also achieves a balance of high resolution, strong robustness, and high integration at the system level.

[0070] The high-temperature resistant, low-noise front-end readout system and method for perovskite radiation detectors provided in this application have been described in detail above. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of this application. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the methods and core ideas of this application. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of this application. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this application.

Claims

1. A high-temperature resistant, low-noise front-end readout system for a perovskite radiation detector, characterized in that, The high-temperature resistant, low-noise front-end readout system, applicable to oil well logging environments, includes: Perovskite radiation detectors are used to directly convert incident gamma rays or X-rays into charge signals. A charge-sensitive amplifier, the input of which is coupled to the perovskite radiation detector, is used to convert the charge signal into a stepped voltage signal proportional to the charge signal. The feedback path of the charge-sensitive amplifier includes a resistor and a capacitor. A shaping and amplification module is connected to the output terminal of the charge-sensitive amplifier and is used to shape the stepped voltage signal into a Gaussian or quasi-trapezoidal pulse signal. The digital acquisition and control module is used to perform real-time sampling, digital filtering and energy spectrum extraction of the Gaussian or quasi-trapezoidal pulse signal, and at the same time realize self-calibration control of bias voltage, operating temperature and noise status. A high-temperature, low-noise power supply module is used to provide a low-drift bias voltage for the charge-sensitive amplifier, the shaping amplifier module, and the perovskite radiation detector.

2. The high-temperature resistant, low-noise front-end readout system for the perovskite radiation detector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The shaping and amplification module includes a differential conversion and input buffer unit, a high-frequency noise passive filtering unit, a bipolar differential amplification and waveform shaping unit, an adaptive baseline recovery and drift compensation unit, and an output buffer and amplitude calibration unit. The differential conversion and input buffer unit is used to convert the stepped voltage signal into a differential signal; The high-frequency noise passive filtering unit is used to attenuate high-frequency noise in the differential signal; The bipolar differential amplification and waveform shaping unit is used to amplify the amplitude of the differential signal after attenuating high-frequency noise to the adaptation range of the digital acquisition and control module, and convert the stepped waveform of the amplified differential signal into a Gaussian or quasi-trapezoidal pulse. The adaptive baseline recovery and drift compensation unit is used to calibrate baseline drift in real time. The output buffer and amplitude calibration unit is used to calibrate gain drift and output the Gaussian or quasi-trapezoidal pulse signal.

3. The high-temperature resistant, low-noise front-end readout system for the perovskite radiation detector according to claim 2, characterized in that, The differential conversion and input buffer unit includes a high-temperature operational amplifier, a symmetrical differential resistor network, and an input protection diode; The high-frequency noise passive filtering unit includes a capacitor made of high-temperature resistant material and a thin-film resistor. The bipolar differential amplifier and waveform shaping unit includes a two-stage high-temperature resistant differential amplifier, a digital potentiometer, and an RC-RC shaping network. The adaptive baseline recovery and drift compensation unit includes a high-temperature resistant high-speed analog switch, a sample-and-hold capacitor, a reference voltage source, and a comparator amplifier. The output buffer and amplitude calibration unit includes a high-temperature power transistor, a current-limiting resistor, and a calibration signal generator.

4. The high-temperature resistant, low-noise front-end readout system for the perovskite radiation detector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The high-temperature low-noise power supply module includes an input voltage pre-stabilization and surge suppression unit, an isolated voltage conversion unit, a low-dropout precise voltage stabilization and noise suppression unit, a voltage drift dynamic compensation unit, and a power supply status monitoring and fault protection unit. The input voltage pre-stabilization and surge suppression unit is used to perform preliminary processing on the external input voltage to suppress power supply fluctuations and transient interference; The isolated voltage conversion unit is used to achieve electrical isolation between input and output, and to complete voltage level conversion and output multiple intermediate voltages; The low-dropout precision voltage regulator and noise suppression unit is used to regulate the intermediate voltage after isolation conversion and output a low-noise bias voltage that meets the circuit requirements. The voltage drift dynamic compensation unit is used to monitor the output voltage drift in real time and cancel the drift through dynamic calibration. The power supply status monitoring and fault protection unit is used to monitor the status of the power supply circuit and protect it from faults.

5. The high-temperature resistant, low-noise front-end readout system for the perovskite radiation detector according to claim 4, characterized in that, The input voltage pre-regulation and surge suppression unit includes a high-temperature resistant low-dropout linear regulator, a transient voltage suppression diode, and a current-limiting resistor; The isolated voltage conversion unit includes a high-frequency isolation transformer with a high-temperature resistant magnetic core, a shielding layer, and a drive circuit. The low-dropout precision voltage regulation and noise suppression unit includes a high-temperature resistant, low-noise, low-dropout linear voltage regulator and a high-frequency decoupling capacitor. The voltage drift dynamic compensation unit includes a high-temperature resistant voltage sensor, a digital potentiometer, and an FPGA control interface. The power supply status monitoring and fault protection unit includes an overvoltage detection circuit, an overcurrent sampling resistor, a protection switch, and a status feedback circuit.

6. The high-temperature resistant, low-noise front-end readout system for the perovskite radiation detector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The digital acquisition and control module includes a high-speed analog-to-digital converter and a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) control chip; The high-speed analog-to-digital converter is connected to the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) control chip via a high-speed serial interface, and the data transmission rate between the high-speed analog-to-digital converter and the FPGA control chip is greater than 1Gbps.

7. The high-temperature resistant, low-noise front-end readout system for the perovskite radiation detector according to claim 1, characterized in that, The charge-sensitive amplifier, the shaping and amplification module, and the high-temperature, low-noise power supply module are integrated on the same high-temperature resistant substrate and are packaged together with the perovskite radiation detector to form an integrated detection and amplification module.

8. The high-temperature resistant, low-noise front-end readout system for a perovskite radiation detector according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, The high-temperature resistant and low-noise front-end readout system operates in a temperature range of -40℃ to 200℃ and in a voltage range of ±5V to ±15V. The circuit volume of the high-temperature resistant, low-noise front-end readout system is less than 10 cm². 3 The weight is less than or equal to 50g.

9. A high-temperature resistant, low-noise front-end readout method for a perovskite radiation detector, characterized in that, Applied to the high-temperature resistant, low-noise front-end readout system according to any one of claims 1 to 8; The high-temperature resistant, low-noise front-end readout method includes: Incident gamma rays or X-rays are converted into charge signals using a perovskite radiation detector. The charge signal is converted into a stepped voltage signal proportional to the charge signal by a charge-sensitive amplifier; The stepped voltage signal is shaped into a Gaussian or quasi-trapezoidal pulse signal by a shaping and amplification module. The Gaussian or quasi-trapezoidal pulse signal is sampled in real time, digitally filtered, and its energy spectrum is extracted using a digital acquisition and control module. The bias voltage, operating temperature, and noise status are also self-calibrated and controlled.

10. The high-temperature resistant, low-noise front-end readout method for a perovskite radiation detector according to claim 9, characterized in that, The step of converting the charge signal into a stepped voltage signal proportional to the charge signal using a charge-sensitive amplifier includes: The input terminal of the charge-sensitive amplifier is coupled to the anode output terminal of the perovskite radiation detector with low parasitic parameters. When the charge signal enters the input terminal of the charge-sensitive amplifier through the coupling path, the charge-sensitive amplifier performs preliminary current amplification on the charge signal, converting the charge signal into a weak current signal. The weak current signal flows to the feedback path of the charge-sensitive amplifier and completes charge storage through the feedback capacitor. During the charge signal conversion process, the charge is released through a high-impedance discharge resistor connected in series in the feedback path; The temperature drift of the feedback capacitor is offset by the parallel temperature compensation capacitor network in the feedback path of the charge-sensitive amplifier, thus forming a preliminary stepped voltage signal. The initial stepped voltage signal is buffered and driven by the output of the charge-sensitive amplifier to form a single-ended stepped voltage signal.

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