Devices, methods, and graphical user interfaces for managing audio sources

Abstract

The present disclosure relates generally to managing audio sources. Devices, methods, and graphical user interfaces for managing audio sources are provided. The method includes, at a computer system in communication with one or more audio output devices and a display generation component: outputting audio corresponding to a first object at a first audio output highlight via the one or more audio output devices when the first object is visible via the display generation component; detecting an occurrence of an event while outputting audio corresponding to the first object at the first audio output highlight, where the event includes detecting that attention of the user is moved away from pointing to the first object; and in response to detecting the occurrence of the event, where the event includes detecting that the user's attention is moved away from pointing to the first object, outputting, via the one or more audio output devices, audio corresponding to the first object at a second audio output saliency that is lower than the first audio output saliency.

Description

[0001] This application is a divisional application of Chinese invention patent application filed on June 4, 2024, with national application number 202480037803.6 and invention title "Apparatus, Method and Graphical User Interface for Managing Audio Sources". Cross-references to related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to U.S. nonprovisional patent application No. 18 / 627,669, filed April 5, 2024, entitled “DEVICES, METHOD, AND GRAPHICALUSER INTERFACES FOR MANANGING AUDIO SOURCES,” and U.S. provisional patent application No. 63 / 471,226, filed June 5, 2023, entitled “DEVICES, METHOD, AND GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACES FOR MANANGING AUDIO SOURCES,” which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety for all purposes. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure relates in its entirety to computer systems that provide computer-generated experiences, including but not limited to electronic devices that provide virtual reality and mixed reality experiences via a display and one or more audio output devices. Background Technology

[0004] In recent years, the development of computer systems for augmented reality has increased significantly. Example augmented reality environments include at least some virtual elements that replace or enhance the physical world. Input devices for computer systems and other electronic computing devices (such as cameras, controllers, joysticks, touch-sensitive surfaces, and touchscreen displays) are used to interact with the virtual / augmented reality environment. Example virtual elements include virtual objects such as digital images, videos, text, icons, overlays, and control elements (such as buttons and other graphics). Such virtual objects can indicate what operations electronic devices can perform. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Some methods and interfaces for managing audio sources using computer systems are cumbersome, inefficient, and limited. For example, the lack of intelligent management systems for audio sources to achieve the desired results in augmented reality environments, and the complex, tedious, and error-prone manipulation of virtual objects, imposes a significant cognitive burden on users and detracts from the virtual / augmented reality experience. Furthermore, these methods take longer than necessary, wasting the computer system's energy. This latter consideration is particularly important in battery-powered devices.

[0006] Therefore, computer systems with improved methods and interfaces are needed to provide users with computer-generated experiences, making interaction with virtual objects displayed via the computer system more efficient and intuitive for users. Such methods and interfaces optionally complement or replace conventional methods for managing audio sources. By helping users understand the relationship between the input provided and the device's response to those inputs, such methods and interfaces reduce the quantity, extent, and / or nature of user input, thus creating a more efficient human-computer interface.

[0007] The disclosed system reduces or eliminates the aforementioned defects and other problems associated with the user interface of a computer system. In some embodiments, the computer system is a desktop computer with an associated display. In some embodiments, the computer system is a portable device (e.g., a laptop, tablet, or handheld device). In some embodiments, the computer system is a personal electronic device (e.g., a wearable electronic device, such as a watch or head-mounted device). In some embodiments, the computer system has a touchpad. In some embodiments, the computer system has one or more cameras. In some embodiments, the computer system has a touch-sensitive display (also referred to as a "touchscreen" or "touchscreen display"). In some embodiments, the computer system has one or more eye-tracking components. In some embodiments, the computer system has one or more hand-tracking components. In some embodiments, in addition to display generation components, the computer system also has one or more output devices, including one or more haptic output generators and / or one or more audio output devices. In some embodiments, the computer system has a graphical user interface (GUI), one or more processors, memory, and one or more modules, and a program or instruction set stored in memory for performing multiple functions. In some implementations, the user interacts with the GUI through touch and gestures of a stylus and / or fingers on a touch-sensitive surface, movement of the user's eyes and hands in space relative to the GUI (and / or computer system) or the user's body (as captured by a camera and other motion sensors), and / or voice input (as captured by one or more audio input devices). In some implementations, functions performed through interaction optionally include image editing, drawing, presentations, word processing, spreadsheet creation, playing games, making and receiving phone calls, video conferencing, sending and receiving emails, instant messaging, test support, digital photography, digital video recording, web browsing, digital music playback, note-taking, and / or digital video playback. Executable instructions for performing these functions are optionally included in a transient and / or non-transitory computer-readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors.

[0008] There is a need for computer systems with improved methods and interfaces for managing audio sources. Such methods and interfaces can complement or replace conventional methods for managing audio sources. They reduce the amount, extent, and / or nature of user input, resulting in more efficient human-computer interfaces. For battery-powered computing devices, such methods and interfaces save power and increase the time interval between battery charging cycles.

[0009] In some embodiments, a method is described that is performed at a computer system communicating with one or more output devices and a display generation component. In some embodiments, the method includes: when outputting media corresponding to a first audio source at a first audio level via one or more output devices and outputting media corresponding to a second audio source at a second audio level different from the first audio level via one or more output devices, displaying via the display generation component a control for adjusting an audio level corresponding to a plurality of audio sources, including the first and second audio sources; when displaying the control for adjusting the audio levels corresponding to the plurality of audio sources, detecting a first input to the control for adjusting the audio levels corresponding to the plurality of audio sources; and in response to detecting the first input, proportionally adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the plurality of audio sources, including: adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the first audio source by a first amount; and adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the second audio source by... The output of the medium is adjusted to a second amount that is different from the first amount, wherein the difference between the first adjustment amount and the second adjustment amount is based on the difference between the first audio level and the second audio level; after proportionally adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the multiple audio sources, a second input is detected; and in response to detecting the second input: according to determining that one or more criteria of a first set are met, wherein the first set of one or more criteria include criteria that are met when it is determined that the second input points to a control for adjusting the audio level corresponding to the first audio source independently of adjusting the audio level corresponding to the second audio source, the output of the media corresponding to the first audio source is adjusted without adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the second audio source, and simultaneously an indication to adjust the audio level corresponding to the multiple audio sources based on the second input is displayed via a display generation component.

[0010] In some embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is described, which stores one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of a computer system communicating with one or more output devices and a display generation component. In some embodiments, the one or more programs include instructions for: displaying via the display generation component, upon outputting media corresponding to a first audio source at a first audio level via one or more output devices and media corresponding to a second audio source at a second audio level different from the first audio level, controls for adjusting audio levels corresponding to a plurality of audio sources including the first and second audio sources; detecting a first input to the controls for adjusting audio levels corresponding to the plurality of audio sources while displaying the controls for adjusting audio levels corresponding to the plurality of audio sources; and proportionally adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the plurality of audio sources in response to detecting the first input, including: adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the first audio source by a first amount; and adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the second audio source by a first amount. The output of the media corresponding to the frequency source is adjusted to a second amount that is different from the first amount, wherein the difference between the first adjustment amount and the second adjustment amount is based on the difference between the first audio level and the second audio level; after proportionally adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the multiple audio sources, a second input is detected; and in response to detecting the second input: according to determining that one or more criteria of a first set are met, wherein the first set of one or more criteria include criteria that are met when it is determined that the second input points to a control for adjusting the audio level corresponding to the first audio source independently of adjusting the audio level corresponding to the second audio source, the output of the media corresponding to the first audio source is adjusted without adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the second audio source, and simultaneously an indication for adjusting the audio level corresponding to the multiple audio sources based on the second input is displayed via a display generation component.

[0011] In some embodiments, a transient computer-readable storage medium is described, which stores one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of a computer system communicating with one or more output devices and a display generation component. In some embodiments, the one or more programs include instructions for: displaying via the display generation component, while outputting media corresponding to a first audio source at a first audio level via one or more output devices and outputting media corresponding to a second audio source at a second audio level different from the first audio level, controls for adjusting audio levels corresponding to a plurality of audio sources including the first and second audio sources; detecting a first input to the controls for adjusting audio levels corresponding to the plurality of audio sources while displaying the controls for adjusting audio levels corresponding to the plurality of audio sources; and proportionally adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the plurality of audio sources in response to detecting the first input, including: adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the first audio source by a first amount; and adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the second audio source by a first amount. The output of the media corresponding to the frequency source is adjusted to a second amount that is different from the first amount, wherein the difference between the first adjustment amount and the second adjustment amount is based on the difference between the first audio level and the second audio level; after proportionally adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the multiple audio sources, a second input is detected; and in response to detecting the second input: according to determining that one or more criteria of a first set are met, wherein the first set of one or more criteria include criteria that are met when it is determined that the second input points to a control for adjusting the audio level corresponding to the first audio source independently of adjusting the audio level corresponding to the second audio source, the output of the media corresponding to the first audio source is adjusted without adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the second audio source, and simultaneously an indication for adjusting the audio level corresponding to the multiple audio sources based on the second input is displayed via a display generation component.

[0012] In some embodiments, a computer system communicating with one or more output devices and a display generation component is described. In some embodiments, the computer system includes: one or more processors; and a memory storing one or more programs configured to be executed by the one or more processors. In some embodiments, the one or more programs include instructions for: displaying via a display generation component controls for adjusting audio levels corresponding to a plurality of audio sources, including the first and second audio sources, when outputting media corresponding to a first audio source at a first audio level via one or more output devices and outputting media corresponding to a second audio source at a second audio level different from the first audio level via one or more output devices; detecting a first input to the controls for adjusting audio levels corresponding to the plurality of audio sources while displaying the controls for adjusting audio levels corresponding to the plurality of audio sources; and proportionally adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the plurality of audio sources in response to detecting the first input, including: adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the first audio source by a first amount; and adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the second audio source by a first amount. The output of the media corresponding to the frequency source is adjusted to a second amount that is different from the first amount, wherein the difference between the first adjustment amount and the second adjustment amount is based on the difference between the first audio level and the second audio level; after proportionally adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the multiple audio sources, a second input is detected; and in response to detecting the second input: according to determining that one or more criteria of a first set are met, wherein the first set of one or more criteria include criteria that are met when it is determined that the second input points to a control for adjusting the audio level corresponding to the first audio source independently of adjusting the audio level corresponding to the second audio source, the output of the media corresponding to the first audio source is adjusted without adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the second audio source, and simultaneously an indication for adjusting the audio level corresponding to the multiple audio sources based on the second input is displayed via a display generation component.

[0013] In some embodiments, a computer system communicating with one or more output devices and a display generation component is described. In some embodiments, the computer system includes means for performing each of the following steps: when outputting media corresponding to a first audio source at a first audio level via one or more output devices and outputting media corresponding to a second audio source at a second audio level different from the first audio level via one or more output devices, displaying via the display generation component a control for adjusting an audio level corresponding to a plurality of audio sources including the first and second audio sources; when displaying the control for adjusting the audio level corresponding to the plurality of audio sources, detecting a first input pointing to the control for adjusting the audio level corresponding to the plurality of audio sources; and in response to detecting the first input, proportionally adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the plurality of audio sources, including: adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the first audio source by a first amount; and adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the plurality of audio sources proportionally. The output of the media corresponding to the second audio source is adjusted to a second amount that is different from the first amount, wherein the difference between the first adjustment amount and the second adjustment amount is based on the difference between the first audio level and the second audio level; after proportionally adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the multiple audio sources, a second input is detected; and in response to detecting the second input: according to determining that one or more criteria of a first set are met, wherein the first set of one or more criteria include criteria that are met when it is determined that the second input points to a control for adjusting the audio level corresponding to the first audio source independently of adjusting the audio level corresponding to the second audio source, the output of the media corresponding to the first audio source is adjusted without adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the second audio source, and simultaneously an indication for adjusting the audio level corresponding to the multiple audio sources based on the second input is displayed via a display generation component.

[0014] In some embodiments, a computer program product is described. In some embodiments, the computer program product includes one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of a computer system communicating with one or more output devices and a display generation component. In some embodiments, the one or more programs include instructions for: displaying via the display generation component, when outputting media corresponding to a first audio source at a first audio level via one or more output devices and outputting media corresponding to a second audio source at a second audio level different from the first audio level, a control for adjusting an audio level corresponding to a plurality of audio sources including the first and second audio sources; detecting a first input to the control for adjusting the audio levels corresponding to the plurality of audio sources while displaying the control for adjusting the audio levels corresponding to the plurality of audio sources; and proportionally adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the plurality of audio sources in response to detecting the first input, including: adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the first audio source by a first amount; and adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the second audio source by a first amount. The output of the media corresponding to the frequency source is adjusted to a second amount that is different from the first amount, wherein the difference between the first adjustment amount and the second adjustment amount is based on the difference between the first audio level and the second audio level; after proportionally adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the multiple audio sources, a second input is detected; and in response to detecting the second input: according to determining that one or more criteria of a first set are met, wherein the first set of one or more criteria include criteria that are met when it is determined that the second input points to a control for adjusting the audio level corresponding to the first audio source independently of adjusting the audio level corresponding to the second audio source, the output of the media corresponding to the first audio source is adjusted without adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the second audio source, and simultaneously an indication for adjusting the audio level corresponding to the multiple audio sources based on the second input is displayed via a display generation component.

[0015] In some embodiments, a method is described that is executed at a computer system communicating with one or more audio output devices and a display generating component. In some embodiments, the method includes: when a first object is visible via the display generating component, outputting audio corresponding to the first object via one or more audio output devices at a first audio output salience; while outputting the audio corresponding to the first object at the first audio output salience, detecting the occurrence of an event, the event including detecting that a user's attention has been removed from pointing at the first object; and in response to detecting the occurrence of the event, the event including detecting that the user's attention has been removed from pointing at the first object, outputting audio corresponding to the first object via one or more audio output devices at a second audio output salience lower than the first audio output salience.

[0016] In some embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is described that stores one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of a computer system communicating with one or more audio output devices and a display generating component. In some embodiments, the one or more programs include instructions for: outputting audio corresponding to the first object at a first audio output prominence via one or more audio output devices when the first object becomes visible via the display generating component; detecting the occurrence of an event while the audio corresponding to the first object is output at the first audio output prominence, the event including detecting that the user's attention has been removed from the first object; and in response to detecting the occurrence of the event, including detecting that the user's attention has been removed from the first object, outputting audio corresponding to the first object at a second audio output prominence below the first audio output prominence via one or more audio output devices.

[0017] In some embodiments, a transient computer-readable storage medium is described that stores one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of a computer system communicating with one or more audio output devices and a display generating component. In some embodiments, the one or more programs include instructions for: outputting audio corresponding to the first object at a first audio output prominence via one or more audio output devices when the first object is visible via the display generating component; detecting the occurrence of an event while the audio corresponding to the first object is output at the first audio output prominence, the event including detecting that the user's attention has been removed from the first object; and in response to detecting the occurrence of the event, including detecting that the user's attention has been removed from the first object, outputting audio corresponding to the first object at a second audio output prominence below the first audio output prominence via one or more audio output devices.

[0018] In some embodiments, a computer system communicating with one or more audio output devices and a display generating component is described. In some embodiments, the computer system includes: one or more processors; and a memory storing one or more programs configured to be executed by the one or more processors. In some embodiments, the one or more programs include instructions for: outputting audio corresponding to the first object at a first audio output prominence via the one or more audio output devices when the first object is visible via the display generating component; detecting the occurrence of an event while the audio corresponding to the first object is output at the first audio output prominence, the event including detecting that the user's attention has been removed from the first object; and in response to detecting the occurrence of the event, including detecting that the user's attention has been removed from the first object, outputting audio corresponding to the first object at a second audio output prominence below the first audio output prominence via the one or more audio output devices.

[0019] In some embodiments, a computer system communicating with one or more audio output devices and a display generating component is described. In some embodiments, the computer system includes means for performing each of the following steps: when a first object is visible via the display generating component, outputting audio corresponding to the first object via one or more audio output devices at a first audio output salience; while outputting the audio corresponding to the first object at the first audio output salience, detecting the occurrence of an event, the event including detecting that the user's attention has been removed from pointing at the first object; and in response to detecting the occurrence of the event, the event including detecting that the user's attention has been removed from pointing at the first object, outputting audio corresponding to the first object via one or more audio output devices at a second audio output salience lower than the first audio output salience.

[0020] In some embodiments, a computer program product is described. In some embodiments, the computer program product includes one or more programs configured to execute by one or more processors of a computer system communicating with one or more audio output devices and a display generating component. In some embodiments, the one or more programs include instructions for: outputting audio corresponding to the first object at a first audio output prominence via one or more audio output devices when the first object is visible via the display generating component; detecting the occurrence of an event while the audio corresponding to the first object is output at the first audio output prominence, the event including detecting that the user's attention has been removed from pointing at the first object; and in response to detecting the occurrence of the event, the event including detecting that the user's attention has been removed from pointing at the first object, outputting audio corresponding to the first object at a second audio output prominence below the first audio output prominence via one or more audio output devices.

[0021] In some embodiments, a method is described that is executed at a computer system communicating with one or more audio output devices and a display generation component. In some embodiments, the method includes: outputting audio corresponding to the user interface and having a first value of a corresponding audio attribute via one or more audio output devices when a user interface object corresponding to an application is visible at a first location in a three-dimensional environment; detecting a request to move the user interface relative to a user's viewpoint while outputting the audio corresponding to the user interface and having the first value of the corresponding audio attribute; and responding to detecting the request to move the user interface object corresponding to the application relative to the user's viewpoint in the three-dimensional environment; and outputting audio corresponding to the user interface object and having a second value of a corresponding audio attribute different from the first value of the corresponding audio attribute via one or more audio output devices.

[0022] In some embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is described, which stores one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of a computer system communicating with one or more audio output devices and display generation components. In some embodiments, the one or more programs include instructions for: outputting audio corresponding to the user interface with a first value of a corresponding audio attribute via one or more audio output devices when a user interface object corresponding to an application is visible at a first location in a three-dimensional environment; detecting a request to move the user interface relative to a user's viewpoint while outputting the audio corresponding to the user interface with the first value of the corresponding audio attribute; and in response to detecting the request to move the user interface object corresponding to the application relative to a user's viewpoint in the three-dimensional environment: moving the user interface object corresponding to the application relative to a user's viewpoint in the three-dimensional environment; and outputting audio corresponding to the user interface object with a second value of a corresponding audio attribute different from the first value of the corresponding audio attribute via one or more audio output devices.

[0023] In some embodiments, a transient computer-readable storage medium is described that stores one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of a computer system communicating with one or more audio output devices and display generation components. In some embodiments, the one or more programs include instructions for: outputting audio corresponding to the user interface with a first value of a corresponding audio attribute via one or more audio output devices when a user interface object corresponding to an application is visible at a first location in a three-dimensional environment; detecting a request to move the user interface relative to a user's viewpoint while outputting the audio corresponding to the user interface with the first value of the corresponding audio attribute; and in response to detecting the request to move the user interface object corresponding to the application relative to a user's viewpoint in the three-dimensional environment: moving the user interface object corresponding to the application relative to a user's viewpoint in the three-dimensional environment; and outputting audio corresponding to the user interface object with a second value of a corresponding audio attribute different from the first value of the corresponding audio attribute via one or more audio output devices.

[0024] In some embodiments, a computer system communicating with one or more audio output devices and display generation components is described. In some embodiments, the computer system includes: one or more processors; and a memory storing one or more programs configured to be executed by the one or more processors. In some embodiments, the one or more programs include instructions for: outputting audio corresponding to the user interface with a first value of a corresponding audio attribute via one or more audio output devices when a user interface object corresponding to an application is visible at a first location in a three-dimensional environment; detecting a request to move the user interface relative to a user's viewpoint while outputting the audio corresponding to the user interface with the first value of the corresponding audio attribute; and in response to detecting the request to move the user interface object corresponding to the application relative to a user's viewpoint in the three-dimensional environment; and outputting audio corresponding to the user interface object with a second value of a corresponding audio attribute different from the first value of the corresponding audio attribute via one or more audio output devices.

[0025] In some embodiments, a computer system communicating with one or more audio output devices and display generation components is described. In some embodiments, the computer system includes means for performing each of the following steps: when a user interface object corresponding to an application is visible at a first location in a three-dimensional environment, outputting audio corresponding to the user interface with a first value of a corresponding audio attribute via one or more audio output devices; detecting a request to move the user interface relative to a user's viewpoint while outputting the audio corresponding to the user interface with the first value of the corresponding audio attribute; and in response to detecting the request to move the user interface object corresponding to the application relative to a user's viewpoint in the three-dimensional environment: moving the user interface object corresponding to the application relative to the user's viewpoint in the three-dimensional environment; and outputting audio corresponding to the user interface object with a second value of a corresponding audio attribute different from the first value of the corresponding audio attribute via one or more audio output devices.

[0026] In some embodiments, a computer program product is described. In some embodiments, the computer program product includes one or more programs configured to execute by one or more processors of a computer system communicating with one or more audio output devices and display generation components. In some embodiments, the one or more programs include instructions for: outputting audio corresponding to the user interface with a first value of a corresponding audio attribute via one or more audio output devices when a user interface object corresponding to an application is visible at a first location in a three-dimensional environment; detecting a request to move the user interface relative to a user's viewpoint while outputting the audio corresponding to the user interface with the first value of the corresponding audio attribute; and responding to detecting the request to move the user interface object corresponding to the application relative to a user's viewpoint in the three-dimensional environment: moving the user interface object corresponding to the application relative to a user's viewpoint in the three-dimensional environment; and outputting audio corresponding to the user interface object with a second value of a corresponding audio attribute different from the first value of the corresponding audio attribute via one or more audio output devices.

[0027] In some embodiments, a method is described that is executed at a computer system communicating with one or more input devices and one or more audio output devices. In some embodiments, the method includes: upon outputting audio corresponding to an object via one or more input devices according to a first virtual sound level of the object, detecting, via one or more input devices, an input pointing to the object corresponding to a request to change the spatial attributes of the object; and in response to detecting the input pointing to the object corresponding to the request to change the spatial attributes of the object: changing the spatial attributes of the object from a first value having the corresponding spatial attribute to a second value having the corresponding spatial attribute; and outputting audio corresponding to the object via one or more input devices according to a second virtual sound level different from the first virtual sound level.

[0028] In some embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is described, which stores one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of a computer system communicating with one or more input devices and one or more audio output devices. In some embodiments, the one or more programs include instructions for: upon outputting audio corresponding to an object via one or more input devices according to a first virtual sound level of the object, detecting, via one or more input devices, an input pointing to the object corresponding to a request to change the spatial attributes of the object; and in response to detecting the input pointing to the object corresponding to the request to change the spatial attributes of the object: changing the spatial attributes of the object from a first value having the corresponding spatial attribute to a second value having the corresponding spatial attribute; and outputting audio corresponding to the object via one or more input devices according to a second virtual sound level different from the first virtual sound level.

[0029] In some embodiments, a transient computer-readable storage medium is described that stores one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of a computer system communicating with one or more input devices and one or more audio output devices. In some embodiments, the one or more programs include instructions for: upon outputting audio corresponding to an object via one or more input devices according to a first virtual sound level of the object, detecting, via one or more input devices, an input pointing to the object corresponding to a request to change the spatial attributes of the object; and in response to detecting the input pointing to the object corresponding to the request to change the spatial attributes of the object: changing the spatial attributes of the object from a first value having the corresponding spatial attribute to a second value having the corresponding spatial attribute; and outputting audio corresponding to the object via one or more input devices according to a second virtual sound level different from the first virtual sound level.

[0030] In some embodiments, a computer system communicating with one or more input devices and one or more audio output devices is described. In some embodiments, the computer system includes: one or more processors; and a memory storing one or more programs configured to be executed by the one or more processors. In some embodiments, the one or more programs include instructions for: detecting, upon outputting audio corresponding to an object via one or more input devices according to a first virtual sound level of the object; detecting, via one or more input devices, an input pointing to the object corresponding to a request to change the object's spatial attributes; and, in response to detecting the input pointing to the object corresponding to the request to change the object's spatial attributes: changing the object's spatial attributes from a first value having the corresponding spatial attribute to a second value having the corresponding spatial attribute; and outputting audio corresponding to the object via one or more input devices according to a second virtual sound level different from the first virtual sound level.

[0031] In some embodiments, a computer system communicating with one or more input devices and one or more audio output devices is described. In some embodiments, the computer system includes means for performing each of the following steps: upon outputting audio corresponding to an object via one or more input devices according to a first virtual sound level of the object, detecting, via one or more input devices, an input pointing to the object corresponding to a request to change the spatial attributes of the object; and in response to detecting the input pointing to the object corresponding to the request to change the spatial attributes of the object: changing the spatial attributes of the object from a first value having the corresponding spatial attribute to a second value having the corresponding spatial attribute; and outputting audio corresponding to the object via one or more input devices according to a second virtual sound level different from the first virtual sound level.

[0032] In some embodiments, a computer program product is described. In some embodiments, the computer program product includes one or more programs configured to execute by one or more processors of a computer system communicating with one or more input devices and one or more audio output devices. In some embodiments, the one or more programs include instructions for: upon outputting audio corresponding to an object via one or more input devices according to a first virtual sound level of the object; detecting, via one or more input devices, an input pointing to the object corresponding to a request to change the spatial attributes of the object; and in response to detecting the input pointing to the object corresponding to the request to change the spatial attributes of the object: changing the spatial attributes of the object from a first value having the corresponding spatial attribute to a second value having the corresponding spatial attribute; and outputting audio corresponding to the object via one or more input devices according to a second virtual sound level different from the first virtual sound level.

[0033] In some embodiments, a method is described that is executed at a computer system communicating with one or more audio output devices and one or more display generation components. In some embodiments, the method includes: detecting a request to play audio corresponding to an audio source; and in response to detecting the request to play audio corresponding to the audio source: based on determining that the audio source corresponds to an object having an associated position visible via one or more display generation components in a three-dimensional environment, outputting audio corresponding to the object via one or more audio output devices such that the audio corresponding to the object is output relative to a first position associated with the object in the three-dimensional environment; and based on determining that the audio source does not correspond to an object having an associated position in the three-dimensional environment, outputting audio corresponding to the object via one or more audio output devices such that the audio corresponding to the object is output relative to a second position, a system-selected position in the three-dimensional environment different from the first position.

[0034] In some embodiments, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium is described, which stores one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of a computer system communicating with one or more audio output devices and one or more display generation components. In some embodiments, the one or more programs include instructions for: detecting a request to play audio corresponding to an audio source; and in response to detecting the request to play audio corresponding to the audio source: based on determining that the audio source corresponds to an object having an associated position visible via one or more display generation components in a three-dimensional environment, outputting audio corresponding to the object via one or more audio output devices such that the audio corresponding to the object is output relative to a first position associated with the object in the three-dimensional environment; and based on determining that the audio source does not correspond to an object having an associated position in the three-dimensional environment, outputting audio corresponding to the object via one or more audio output devices such that the audio corresponding to the object is output relative to a second position, a system-selected position in the three-dimensional environment different from the first position.

[0035] In some embodiments, a transient computer-readable storage medium is described that stores one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of a computer system communicating with one or more audio output devices and one or more display generation components. In some embodiments, the one or more programs include instructions for: detecting a request to play audio corresponding to an audio source; and in response to detecting the request to play audio corresponding to the audio source: based on determining that the audio source corresponds to an object having an associated position visible via one or more display generation components in a three-dimensional environment, outputting audio corresponding to the object via one or more audio output devices such that the audio corresponding to the object is output relative to a first position associated with the object in the three-dimensional environment; and based on determining that the audio source does not correspond to an object having an associated position in the three-dimensional environment, outputting audio corresponding to the object via one or more audio output devices such that the audio corresponding to the object is output relative to a second position, a system-selected position in the three-dimensional environment different from the first position.

[0036] In some embodiments, a computer system communicating with one or more audio output devices and one or more display generation components is described. In some embodiments, the computer system includes: one or more processors; and a memory storing one or more programs configured to be executed by the one or more processors. In some embodiments, the one or more programs include instructions for: detecting a request to play audio corresponding to an audio source; and in response to detecting the request to play audio corresponding to the audio source: based on determining that the audio source corresponds to an object having an associated position visible via one or more display generation components in a three-dimensional environment, outputting audio corresponding to the object via one or more audio output devices such that the audio corresponding to the object is output relative to a first position associated with the object in the three-dimensional environment; and based on determining that the audio source does not correspond to an object having an associated position in the three-dimensional environment, outputting audio corresponding to the object via one or more audio output devices such that the audio corresponding to the object is output relative to a second position, a system-selected position in the three-dimensional environment different from the first position.

[0037] In some embodiments, a computer system communicating with one or more audio output devices and one or more display generation components is described. In some embodiments, the computer system includes means for performing each of the following steps: detecting a request to play audio corresponding to an audio source; and in response to detecting the request to play audio corresponding to the audio source: based on determining that the audio source corresponds to an object having an associated position visible via one or more display generation components in a three-dimensional environment, outputting audio corresponding to the object via one or more audio output devices such that the audio corresponding to the object is output relative to a first position associated with the object in the three-dimensional environment; and based on determining that the audio source does not correspond to an object having an associated position in the three-dimensional environment, outputting audio corresponding to the object via one or more audio output devices such that the audio corresponding to the object is output relative to a second position, a system-selected position in the three-dimensional environment different from the first position.

[0038] In some embodiments, a computer program product is described. In some embodiments, the computer program product includes one or more programs configured to execute by one or more processors of a computer system communicating with one or more audio output devices and one or more display generation components. In some embodiments, the one or more programs include instructions for: detecting a request to play audio corresponding to an audio source; and in response to detecting the request to play audio corresponding to the audio source: based on determining that the audio source corresponds to an object having an associated position visible via one or more display generation components in a three-dimensional environment, outputting audio corresponding to the object via one or more audio output devices such that the audio corresponding to the object is output relative to a first position associated with the object in the three-dimensional environment; and based on determining that the audio source does not correspond to an object having an associated position in the three-dimensional environment, outputting audio corresponding to the object via one or more audio output devices such that the audio corresponding to the object is output relative to a second position, a system-selected position in the three-dimensional environment different from the first position.

[0039] Executable instructions for performing these functions are optionally included in a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium or other computer program product configured for execution by one or more processors.

[0040] It should be noted that the various embodiments described above can be combined with any other embodiments described herein. The features and advantages described in this specification are not exhaustive; in particular, many additional features and advantages will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the accompanying drawings, description, and claims. Furthermore, it should be pointed out that the language used in this specification has been chosen primarily for readability and instructional purposes and may not have been chosen to depict or limit the subject matter of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0041] To better understand the various described embodiments, reference should be made to the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein similar reference numerals in all the drawings indicate corresponding parts.

[0042] Figure 1A This is a block diagram illustrating the operating environment of a computer system used to provide XR experiences, based on some examples.

[0043] Figures 1B to 1P It is used in Figure 1A Examples of computer systems that provide XR experiences in the operating environment.

[0044] Figure 2 This is a block diagram illustrating a controller configured to manage and coordinate a user's XR experience, based on some examples of computer systems.

[0045] Figure 3 This is a block diagram illustrating the display generation components of a computer system configured to provide an XR experience to a user, based on some examples.

[0046] Figure 4 This is a block diagram illustrating a hand tracking unit configured to capture user gesture input in a computer system according to some examples.

[0047] Figure 5 This is a block diagram illustrating an eye-tracking unit configured to capture a user's gaze input in a computer system according to some examples.

[0048] Figure 6 This is a flowchart illustrating a gaze tracking pipeline with flash assistance based on some examples.

[0049] Figures 7A to 7R An exemplary user interface for managing controls for changing audio output is illustrated according to some implementation schemes.

[0050] Figures 8A to 8B This is a flowchart illustrating a method for managing controls used to change audio output, according to some implementation schemes.

[0051] Figures 9A to 9HAn exemplary user interface for managing audio salience is illustrated according to some implementation schemes.

[0052] Figure 10 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for managing audio prominence according to some implementation schemes.

[0053] Figures 11A to 11F An exemplary user interface for managing audio output based on distance, according to some implementation schemes, is illustrated.

[0054] Figure 12 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for managing audio output from a user's perspective, based on some implementation schemes.

[0055] Figure 13 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for managing virtual sound levels according to some implementation schemes.

[0056] Figures 14A to 14K An exemplary user interface for outputting audio at one or more locations is illustrated according to some implementation schemes.

[0057] Figure 15 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for outputting audio at one or more locations according to some implementation schemes. Detailed Implementation

[0058] According to some implementations, this disclosure relates to a user interface for providing extended reality (XR) experiences to users.

[0059] The systems, methods, and GUIs described in this paper improve user interface interactions with virtual / augmented reality environments in a variety of ways.

[0060] Figures 1A to 6 Descriptions of exemplary computer systems for providing XR experiences to users are provided (such as those described below with respect to methods 800, 1000, 1200, 1300 and 1500).

[0061] Figures 7A to 7R An exemplary user interface for managing controls for changing audio output is illustrated according to some implementation schemes. Figures 8A to 8B This is a flowchart illustrating a method for managing controls used to change audio output, according to some implementation schemes. Figures 7A to 7R The user interface in this document is used to illustrate the processes described below, including... Figures 8A to 8B The process in. Figures 9A to 9H An exemplary user interface for managing audio salience is illustrated according to some implementation schemes. Figure 10 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for managing audio prominence according to some implementation schemes. Figures 9A to 9H The user interface in this document is used to illustrate the processes described below, including... Figure 10 The process in. Figures 11A to 11F An exemplary user interface for managing audio output based on distance, according to some implementation schemes, is illustrated. Figure 12 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for managing audio output from a user's perspective, based on some implementation schemes. Figure 13 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for managing virtual sound levels according to some implementation schemes. Figures 11A to 11F The user interface in this document is used to illustrate the processes described below, including... Figure 12 and Figure 13 The process in. Figures 14A to 14K An exemplary user interface for outputting audio at one or more locations is illustrated according to some implementation schemes. Figure 15 This is a flowchart illustrating a method for outputting audio at one or more locations according to some implementation schemes. Figures 14A to 14K The user interface in this document is used to illustrate the processes described below, including... Figure 15 The process in.

[0062] The processes described below enhance device operability and (e.g., by helping users provide appropriate input and reducing user errors when operating / interacting with the device) make the user-device interface more efficient through various technologies. These include providing users with improved visual feedback, reducing the amount of input required to perform operations, providing additional control options without cluttering the user interface with additional display controls, performing operations without further user input once a set of conditions are met, improving privacy and / or security, providing a richer, more detailed, and / or more realistic user experience while saving storage space, and / or additional technologies. These technologies also reduce power consumption and extend device battery life by enabling users to use the device faster and more efficiently. This saves battery power and, therefore, weight, improving the device's ergonomics. These technologies also enable real-time communication, allowing the use of fewer and / or less precise sensors, resulting in a more compact, lighter, and cheaper device, and enabling the device to be used in a variety of lighting conditions. These technologies reduce energy consumption, thereby reducing the heat generated by the device. This is especially important for wearable devices, where if a device generates too much heat, even when operating entirely within the parameters of its components, it can become uncomfortable for the user to wear.

[0063] Furthermore, in methods described herein where one or more steps depend on the satisfaction of one or more conditions, it should be understood that the method may be repeated in multiple repetitions such that, during the repetitions, all conditions determining the steps in the method are satisfied in different repetitions of the method. For example, if the method requires performing a first step (if the condition is satisfied) and a second step (if the condition is not satisfied), those skilled in the art will know that the stated steps are repeated until both the conditions are satisfied and not satisfied (in no particular order). Thus, a method described as having one or more steps depending on the satisfaction of one or more conditions can be rewritten as a method that repeats until each condition described in the method is satisfied. However, this does not require the system or computer-readable medium to declare that the system or computer-readable medium contains instructions for performing discretionary operations based on the satisfaction of the corresponding one or more conditions, and thus to determine whether possible conditions have been satisfied without explicitly repeating the steps of the method until all conditions determining the steps in the method are satisfied. Those skilled in the art will also understand that, similar to methods having discretionary steps, a system or computer-readable storage medium may repeat the steps of the method multiple times as needed to ensure that all discretionary steps have been performed.

[0064] Although the following description uses the terms "first," "second," etc., to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by the terms. In some embodiments, these terms are used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first touch may be named a second touch and similarly, a second touch may be named a first touch, without departing from the scope of the various described embodiments. In some embodiments, a first touch and a second touch are two separate references to the same touch. In some embodiments, both a first touch and a second touch are touches, but they are not the same touch.

[0065] The terminology used in the description of the various described embodiments herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting. As used in the description of the various described embodiments and in the appended claims, the singular forms “a” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and covers any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will also be understood that the terms “comprising” and / or “including” as used in this specification specify the presence of the stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.

[0066] Depending on the context, the term "if" may optionally be interpreted as meaning "when," "in response to," or "in response to detection." Similarly, depending on the context, the phrases "if it is determined..." or "if [the stated condition or event] is detected" may optionally be interpreted as meaning "in response to determining..." or "in response to detecting [the stated condition or event]."

[0067] In some implementation schemes, such as Figure 1A As shown, an XR experience is provided to a user via an operating environment 100 including a computer system 101. The computer system 101 includes a controller 110 (e.g., a processor of a portable electronic device or a remote server), a display generation component 120 (e.g., a head-mounted display (HMD), a monitor, a projector, a touchscreen, etc.), one or more input devices 125 (e.g., an eye-tracking device 130, a hand-tracking device 140, other input devices 150), one or more output devices 155 (e.g., a speaker 160, a haptic output generator 170, and other output devices 180), one or more sensors 190 (e.g., image sensors, light sensors, depth sensors, haptic sensors, orientation sensors, proximity sensors, temperature sensors, position sensors, motion sensors, speed sensors, etc.), and optionally one or more peripheral devices 195 (e.g., home appliances, wearable devices, etc.). In some embodiments, one or more of the input devices 125, output devices 155, sensors 190, and peripheral devices 195 are integrated with the display generation component 120 (e.g., in a head-mounted or handheld device).

[0068] In describing XR experiences, various terms are used to distinguish several related but different environments that a user can sense and / or interact with (e.g., interacting with inputs detected by the computer system 101 that generates the XR experience, causing the computer system to generate audio, visual, and / or haptic feedback corresponding to various inputs provided to the computer system 101). The following is a subset of these terms: Physical environment: The physical environment refers to the physical world that people can sense and / or interact with without the aid of electronic systems. Physical environments, such as physical parks, include physical objects such as physical trees, physical buildings, and physical people. People can directly sense and / or interact with the physical environment through senses such as sight, touch, hearing, taste, and smell.

[0069] Extended Reality: Conversely, an extended reality (XR) environment refers to a fully or partially simulated environment that people sense and / or interact with via electronic systems. In XR, a subset of a person's physical motion, or a representation thereof, is tracked, and in response, one or more properties of one or more virtual objects simulated in the XR environment are adjusted in a manner consistent with at least one physical law. For example, an XR system can detect a person's head rotation and, in response, adjust the graphical content and sound field presented to the person in a manner similar to how such views and sounds change in a physical environment. In some cases (e.g., for accessibility reasons), the adjustment of the properties of virtual objects in the XR environment can be done in response to a representation of physical motion (e.g., a voice command). A person can use any of their senses to sense and / or interact with XR objects, including vision, hearing, touch, taste, and smell. For example, a person can sense and / or interact with audio objects that create a 3D or spatial audio environment that provides the perception of a point audio source in 3D space. For example, audio objects can enable audio transparency, which selectively introduces ambient sounds from the physical environment, with or without computer-generated audio. In some XR environments, people can sense and / or interact only with audio objects.

[0070] Examples of XR include virtual reality and mixed reality.

[0071] Virtual Reality: A virtual reality (VR) environment is a simulated environment designed to be entirely based on computer-generated sensory input for one or more senses. A VR environment includes multiple virtual objects that a person can sense and / or interact with. For example, trees, buildings, and computer-generated images representing human avatars are examples of virtual objects. A person can sense and / or interact with virtual objects in a VR environment through the simulation of a person's presence within the computer-generated environment and / or through the simulation of a subset of a person's physical movements within the computer-generated environment.

[0072] Mixed Reality: Compared to VR environments, which are designed to be entirely based on computer-generated sensory input, mixed reality (MR) environments refer to simulated environments designed to incorporate sensory input from the physical environment, or its representations, in addition to computer-generated sensory input (e.g., virtual objects). On the virtual continuum, a mixed reality environment is any state between, but not limited to, a purely physical environment as one end and a virtual reality environment as the other. In some MR environments, computer-generated sensory input can respond to changes in sensory input from the physical environment. Additionally, some electronic systems used to present an MR environment can track position and / or orientation relative to the physical environment to enable virtual objects to interact with real objects (i.e., physical objects or their representations from the physical environment). For example, a system can cause motion so that virtual trees appear stationary relative to the physical ground.

[0073] Examples of mixed reality include augmented reality and augmented virtual reality.

[0074] Augmented Reality (AR): An augmented reality (AR) environment is a simulated environment in which one or more virtual objects are overlaid on a physical environment or a representation of the physical environment. For example, an electronic system for presenting an AR environment may have a transparent or semi-transparent display through which a person can directly view the physical environment. The system can be configured to present virtual objects on the transparent or semi-transparent display, allowing a person to perceive the virtual objects overlaid on the physical environment. Alternatively, the system may have an opaque display and one or more imaging sensors that capture images or videos of the physical environment, which are representations of the physical environment. The system combines the images or videos with virtual objects and presents the combination on the opaque display. A person uses the system to indirectly view the physical environment via the images or videos of the physical environment and perceives the virtual objects overlaid on the physical environment. As used herein, video of the physical environment displayed on an opaque display is referred to as “pass-through video,” meaning that the system uses one or more image sensors to capture images of the physical environment and uses those images when presenting the AR environment on the opaque display. Alternatively, the system may have a projection system that projects virtual objects onto the physical environment, such as as a hologram or onto a physical surface, allowing a person to perceive the virtual objects superimposed on the physical environment. Augmented reality environments also refer to simulated environments in which the representation of the physical environment is transformed by computer-generated sensory information. For example, in providing pass-through video, the system can transform one or more sensor images to apply a selected viewpoint (e.g., viewpoint) different from the viewpoint captured by the imaging sensor. As another example, the representation of the physical environment can be transformed by graphically modifying (e.g., magnifying) portions of it, such that the modified portions can be representative but not realistic versions of the original captured image. Furthermore, the representation of the physical environment can be transformed by graphically removing or blurring portions of it.

[0075] Augmented Virtual: An augmented virtual (AV) environment is a simulated environment in which a virtual or computer-generated environment combines one or more sensory inputs from a physical environment. Sensory input can be a representation of one or more characteristics of the physical environment. For example, an AV park could have virtual trees and virtual buildings, but a person's face could be realistically reproduced from an image taken of a physical person. Similarly, virtual objects could adopt the shape or color of a physical object imaged by one or more imaging sensors. Furthermore, virtual objects could adopt shadows that correspond to the sun's position within the physical environment.

[0076] In augmented reality, mixed reality, or virtual reality environments, a view of the three-dimensional environment is visible to the user. This view is typically visible to the user via a virtual viewport through one or more display generating components (e.g., a display providing stereoscopic content to different eyes of the same user), which has a viewport boundary that defines the extent of the three-dimensional environment visible to the user via the one or more display generating components. In some embodiments, the area defined by the viewport boundary is smaller than the user's visual field in one or more dimensions (e.g., based on the user's visual field, the size of one or more display generating components, optical properties or other physical characteristics, and / or the position and / or orientation of one or more display generating components relative to the user's eyes). In some embodiments, the area defined by the viewport boundary is larger than the user's visual field in one or more dimensions (e.g., based on the user's visual field, the size of one or more display generating components, optical properties or other physical characteristics, and / or the position and / or orientation of one or more display generating components relative to the user's eyes). The viewport and viewport boundary typically move with the movement of one or more display generating components (e.g., with the user's head for head-mounted devices, or with the user's hand for handheld devices such as tablets or smartphones). The user's viewpoint determines what is visible within the viewport. The viewpoint typically specifies the position and orientation relative to the 3D environment, and as the viewpoint moves, the view of the 3D environment also moves within the viewport. For head-mounted devices, the viewpoint is typically based on the position and orientation of the user's head, face, and / or eyes to provide a perceptibly accurate view of the 3D environment that offers an immersive experience when the user is using the head-mounted device. For handheld or fixed devices, the viewpoint shifts with the movement of the handheld or fixed device and / or with changes in the user's positioning relative to the handheld or fixed device (e.g., the user moves towards, away from, up, down, right, and / or left). For a device that includes a display generating component with virtual pass-through, portions of the physical environment visible (e.g., displayed and / or projected) via one or more display generating components are based on the field of view of one or more cameras communicating with the display generating component, which typically move with the movement of the display generating component (e.g., for a head-mounted device, it moves with the movement of the user's head, or for a handheld device such as a tablet or smartphone, it moves with the movement of the user's hand), because the user's viewpoint moves with the movement of the field of view of the one or more cameras (and the appearance of one or more virtual objects displayed via one or more display generating components is updated based on the user's viewpoint (e.g., the display positioning and pose of the virtual objects are updated based on the movement of the user's viewpoint)).For a display generating component with optical transparency, portions of the physical environment visible through one or more display generating components (e.g., optically visible through one or more portions or fully transparent portions of the display generating component) are based on the user's field of view through the portion or fully transparent portion of the display generating component (e.g., for a head-mounted device, it moves with the movement of the user's head, or for a handheld device such as a tablet or smartphone, it moves with the movement of the user's hand), because the user's viewpoint moves with the movement of the user's field of view through the portion or fully transparent portion of the display generating component (and the appearance of one or more virtual objects is updated based on the user's viewpoint).

[0077] In some embodiments, the representation of the physical environment (e.g., displayed via virtual passthrough or optical passthrough) may be partially or completely occluded by the virtual environment. In some embodiments, the amount of virtual environment displayed (e.g., the amount of physical environment not displayed) is based on the immersion level of the virtual environment (e.g., relative to the representation of the physical environment). For example, increasing the immersion level optionally results in more virtual environment being displayed, replacing and / or occluding more physical environment, and decreasing the immersion level optionally results in less virtual environment being displayed, thereby revealing portions of the physical environment that were previously not displayed and / or occluded. In some embodiments, at a particular immersion level, one or more first background objects (e.g., in the representation of the physical environment) are visually de-emphasized more than one or more second background objects (e.g., dimmed, blurred, displayed with increased transparency), and one or more third background objects are de-emphasized. In some embodiments, the level of immersion includes the associated degree to which virtual content (e.g., a virtual environment and / or virtual content) displayed by the computer system occludes background content (e.g., content other than the virtual environment and / or virtual content) around / behind the virtual environment, optionally including the number of items of the displayed background content and / or the displayed visual characteristics of the background content (e.g., color, contrast, and / or opacity), the angular range of the virtual content displayed via the display generating component (e.g., 60 degrees for content displayed at low immersion, 120 degrees for content displayed at medium immersion, or 180 degrees for content displayed at high immersion), and / or the proportion of the field of view displayed via the display generating component occupied by the virtual content (e.g., 33% of the field of view occupied by the virtual content at low immersion, 66% of the field of view occupied by the virtual content at medium immersion, or 100% of the field of view occupied by the virtual content at high immersion). In some embodiments, the background content is included in the background on which the virtual content is displayed (e.g., background content in a representation of the physical environment). In some implementations, background content includes user interfaces (e.g., user interfaces corresponding to applications generated by a computer system), virtual objects not associated with or included in the virtual environment and / or virtual content (e.g., files generated by the computer system or other user representations), and / or real objects (e.g., transparent objects representing real objects in the user's surrounding physical environment, visible such that they are displayed via display generation components and / or via transparent or semi-transparent components of the display generation components, because the computer system does not obscure / impede their visibility through the display generation components). In some implementations, at a low immersion level (e.g., a first immersion level), the background, virtual, and / or real objects are displayed in an unobstructed manner. For example, a virtual environment with a low immersion level is optionally displayed simultaneously with background content, which is optionally displayed at full brightness, color, and / or semi-transparency.In some implementations, at higher immersion levels (e.g., a second immersion level above the first immersion level), background, virtual, and / or real objects are displayed in an occluded manner (e.g., dimmed, blurred, or removed from the display). For example, a corresponding virtual environment with a high immersion level is displayed without simultaneously displaying background content (e.g., in full-screen or fully immersive mode). Alternatively, a virtual environment displayed at a medium immersion level is displayed simultaneously with darkened, blurred, or otherwise de-emphasized background content. In some implementations, the visual characteristics of background objects differ between background objects. For example, at a particular immersion level, one or more first background objects are visually de-emphasized more than one or more second background objects (e.g., dimmed, blurred, and / or displayed with increased transparency), and one or more third background objects are stopped from displaying. In some implementations, zero immersion or a zero immersion level corresponds to a virtual environment that is stopped from displaying, and instead, a representation of the physical environment (optionally having one or more virtual objects, such as an application, window, or virtual 3D object) is displayed, without being occluded by the virtual environment. Using physical input elements to adjust immersion levels provides a quick and efficient way to adjust immersion, which enhances the operability of computer systems and makes user-device interfaces more efficient.

[0078] Viewpoint-locked virtual objects: When a computer system displays a virtual object at the same location and / or position within the user's viewpoint, the virtual object remains viewpoint-locked even if the user's viewpoint shifts (e.g., changes). In embodiments where the computer system is a head-mounted device, the user's viewpoint is locked to the direction forward of the user's head (e.g., when the user is looking straight ahead, the user's viewpoint is at least a portion of the user's field of view); therefore, the user's viewpoint remains fixed even when the user's gaze shifts without moving the user's head. In embodiments where the computer system has a display generating component (e.g., a display screen) that can be repositioned relative to the user's head, the user's viewpoint is the augmented reality view presented to the user on the display generating component of the computer system. For example, a viewpoint-locked virtual object displayed in the upper left corner of the user's viewpoint when the user's viewpoint is in a first orientation (e.g., the user's head is facing north) continues to be displayed in the upper left corner of the user's viewpoint, even when the user's viewpoint changes to a second orientation (e.g., the user's head is facing west). In other words, the position and / or orientation of a viewpoint-locked virtual object displayed in the user's viewpoint is independent of the user's position and / or orientation in the physical environment. In an implementation where the computer system is a head-mounted device, the user's viewpoint is locked to the orientation of the user's head, so the virtual object is also referred to as a "head-locked virtual object".

[0079] Environment-locked visual objects: When a computer system displays a virtual object at a location and / or position within the user's viewpoint, the virtual object is environment-locked (or, "world-locked"), the location and / or position being based on a location and / or object within a three-dimensional environment (e.g., a physical or virtual environment) (e.g., selected and / or anchored to that location and / or object with reference to it). As the user's viewpoint moves, the location and / or object in the environment relative to the user's viewpoint changes, causing the environment-locked virtual object to appear at different locations and / or positions within the user's viewpoint. For example, an environment-locked virtual object locked to a tree immediately in front of the user appears at the center of the user's viewpoint. When the user's viewpoint shifts to the right (e.g., the user's head turns to the right) so that the tree is now centered to the left in the user's viewpoint (e.g., the tree's position shifts in the user's viewpoint), the environment-locked virtual object locked to the tree appears centered to the left in the user's viewpoint. In other words, the position and / or orientation of an environment-locked virtual object displayed in the user's viewpoint depends on the position to which the virtual object is locked and / or the orientation and / or orientation of the object within the environment. In some implementations, the computer system uses a stationary frame of reference (e.g., a coordinate system anchored to a fixed position and / or object in the physical environment) to determine the position of the environment-locked virtual object displayed in the user's viewpoint. An environment-locked virtual object may be locked to a stationary part of the environment (e.g., a floor, wall, table, or other stationary object), or it may be locked to a movable part of the environment (e.g., a vehicle, animal, person, or even a representation of a part of the user's body that moves independently of the user's viewpoint, such as a hand, wrist, arm, or foot), causing the virtual object to move with the viewpoint or that part of the environment to maintain a fixed relationship between the virtual object and that part of the environment.

[0080] In some implementations, environment-locked or viewpoint-locked virtual objects exhibit lazy following behavior, reducing or delaying their movement relative to the movement of a reference point they are following. In some implementations, when exhibiting lazy following behavior, the computer system intentionally delays the movement of the virtual object when movement of the reference point (e.g., a portion of the environment, a viewpoint, or a point fixed relative to the viewpoint, such as a point between 5 cm and 300 cm from the viewpoint) is detected. For example, when the reference point (e.g., that portion of the environment or the viewpoint) moves at a first rate, the virtual object is moved by the device to remain locked to the reference point, but moves at a second rate that is slower than the first rate (e.g., until the reference point stops moving or slows down, at which point the virtual object begins to catch up). In some implementations, when the virtual object exhibits lazy following behavior, the device ignores small movements of the reference point (e.g., ignores movements of the reference point below a threshold amount, such as 0 to 5 degrees or 0 cm to 50 cm). For example, when the reference point (e.g., a portion of the environment or viewpoint to which the virtual object is locked) moves by a first amount, the distance between the reference point and the virtual object increases (e.g., because the virtual object is being displayed to maintain a fixed or substantially fixed position relative to a portion of the viewpoint or environment to which the virtual object is locked), and when the reference point (e.g., a portion of the environment or viewpoint to which the virtual object is locked) moves by a second amount greater than the first amount, the distance between the reference point and the virtual object first increases (e.g., because the virtual object is being displayed to maintain a fixed or substantially fixed position relative to a portion of the viewpoint or environment to which the virtual object is locked), and then decreases when the amount of movement of the reference point increases to above a threshold (e.g., a "lazy following" threshold), because the virtual object is moved by the computer system to maintain a fixed or substantially fixed position relative to the reference point. In some implementations, maintaining a substantially fixed position of the virtual object relative to a reference point includes displaying the virtual object within a threshold distance (e.g., 1cm, 2cm, 3cm, 5cm, 15cm, 20cm, 50cm) of the reference point in one or more dimensions (e.g., up / down, left / right, and / or forward / backward relative to the reference point).

[0081] Hardware: Many different types of electronic systems enable people to sense and / or interact with various XR environments. Examples include head-mounted systems, projection-based systems, head-up displays (HUDs), vehicle windshields with integrated display capabilities, windows with integrated display capabilities, displays formed as lenses designed to be placed on a person's eyes (e.g., similar to contact lenses), headphones / earpieces, speaker arrays, input systems (e.g., wearable or handheld controllers with or without haptic feedback), smartphones, tablet devices, and desktop / laptop computers. Head-mounted systems may have one or more speakers and an integrated opaque display. Alternatively, head-mounted systems may be configured to receive an external opaque display (e.g., a smartphone). Head-mounted systems may incorporate one or more imaging sensors for capturing images or video of the physical environment and / or one or more microphones for capturing audio of the physical environment. Head-mounted systems may have transparent or semi-transparent displays instead of opaque displays. Transparent or semi-transparent displays may have a medium through which light representing the image is directed to the person's eyes. The display can utilize digital light projection, OLED, LED, uLED, liquid crystal on silicon, laser scanning light source, or any combination of these technologies. The medium can be an optical waveguide, holographic medium, optical combiner, optical reflector, or any combination thereof. In one embodiment, a transparent or translucent display can be configured to selectively become opaque. Projection-based systems can employ retinal projection techniques that project graphic images onto a person's retina. Projection systems can also be configured to project virtual objects into a physical environment, such as as holograms or onto a physical surface. In some embodiments, controller 110 is configured to manage and coordinate the user's XR experience. In some embodiments, controller 110 includes a suitable combination of software, firmware, and / or hardware. The following is relative to... Figure 2The controller 110 is described in more detail. In some embodiments, the controller 110 is a computing device located locally or remotely relative to scene 105 (e.g., a physical environment). For example, the controller 110 is a local server located within scene 105. Alternatively, the controller 110 is a remote server (e.g., a cloud server, a central server, etc.) located outside scene 105. In some embodiments, the controller 110 is communicatively coupled to display generation components 120 (e.g., an HMD, a monitor, a projector, a touchscreen, etc.) via one or more wired or wireless communication channels 144 (e.g., Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11x, IEEE 802.16x, IEEE 802.3x, etc.). In another example, controller 110 is included within the housing (e.g., physical enclosure) of display generation component 120 (e.g., HMD or portable electronic device including display and one or more processors), one or more input devices in input device 125, one or more output devices in output device 155, one or more sensors in sensor 190, and / or one or more peripheral devices in peripheral device 195, or shares the same physical housing or support structure with one or more of the aforementioned devices.

[0082] In some embodiments, the display generation component 120 is configured to provide an XR experience to a user (e.g., at least the visual component of the XR experience). In some embodiments, the display generation component 120 includes a suitable combination of software, firmware, and / or hardware. The following is relative to... Figure 3 The display generation component 120 is described in more detail. In some embodiments, the functionality of the controller 110 is provided by and / or combined with the display generation component 120.

[0083] According to some implementation schemes, when a user is virtually and / or physically present within scene 105, display generation component 120 provides the user with an XR experience.

[0084] In some embodiments, the display generating component is worn on a part of the user's body (e.g., on his / her head, his / her hand, etc.). Thus, the display generating component 120 includes one or more XR displays provided for displaying XR content. For example, in various embodiments, the display generating component 120 surrounds the user's field of view. In some embodiments, the display generating component 120 is a handheld device (such as a smartphone or tablet) configured to present XR content, and the user holds the device having a display facing the user's field of view and a camera facing scene 105. In some embodiments, the handheld device is optionally placed within a housing worn on the user's head. In some embodiments, the handheld device is optionally placed on a support (e.g., a tripod) in front of the user. In some embodiments, the display generating component 120 is an XR chamber, housing, or room configured to present XR content, wherein the user does not wear or hold the display generating component 120. Many user interfaces described with reference to one type of hardware used for displaying XR content (e.g., a handheld device or a tripod-mounted device) can be implemented on another type of hardware used for displaying XR content (e.g., an HMD or other wearable computing device). For example, a user interface illustrating interaction with XR content triggered by an interaction occurring in the space in front of a handheld device or tripod-mounted device can be similarly implemented using an HMD, where the interaction occurs in the space in front of the HMD and the response to the XR content is displayed via the HMD. Similarly, a user interface illustrating interaction with XR content triggered by movement of a handheld device or tripod-mounted device relative to the physical environment (e.g., scene 105 or a part of the user's body (e.g., the user's eyes, head, or hand)) can be similarly implemented using an HMD, where the movement is caused by movement of the HMD relative to the physical environment (e.g., scene 105 or a part of the user's body (e.g., the user's eyes, head, or hand)).

[0085] Despite Figure 1A The relevant features of the operating environment 100 are illustrated herein, but those skilled in the art will understand from this disclosure that various other features are not illustrated for the sake of brevity and to avoid obscuring further relevant aspects of the exemplary embodiments disclosed herein.

[0086] Figures 1A to 1PVarious examples of computer systems for performing methods and providing audio, visual, and / or haptic feedback as part of the user interface described herein are illustrated. In some embodiments, the computer system includes one or more display generation components (e.g., first and second display components 1-120a, 1-120b and / or first and second optical modules 11.1.1-104a and 11.1.1-104b) for displaying virtual elements and / or representations of the physical environment to a user of the computer system, the virtual elements and / or the representations of the physical environment optionally being generated based on detected events and / or user input detected by the computer system. The user interface generated by the computer system is optionally corrected by one or more corrective lenses 11.3.2-216 to make it easier for a user who would otherwise use glasses or contact lenses to correct their vision to view the user interface, the one or more corrective lenses optionally being removably attached to one or more optical modules in the optical modules. While many user interfaces illustrated herein represent a single view of the user interface, user interfaces in HMDs optionally employ two optical modules (e.g., first display component 1-120a and second display component 1-120b and / or first optical module 11.1.1-104a and second optical module 11.1.1-104b) for display, one optical module for the user's right eye and a different optical module for the user's left eye, presenting slightly different images to the two different eyes to generate the illusion of stereoscopic depth. A single view of the user interface is typically a right-eye view or a left-eye view; the depth effect is explained in text or using other diagrams or views. In some embodiments, the computer system includes one or more external displays (e.g., display component 1-108) for displaying status information of the computer system to the user of the computer system (when the computer system is not worn) and / or to others near the computer system, the status information optionally generated based on detected events and / or user input detected by the computer system. In some embodiments, the computer system includes one or more audio output components (e.g., electronic components 1-112) for generating audio feedback, which is optionally generated based on detected events and / or user input detected by the computer system. In some embodiments, the computer system includes one or more input devices for detecting input, such as one or more sensors (e.g., sensor components 1-356 and / or sensor components 1-356) for detecting information about the physical environment of the device. Figure 1I One or more sensors), which can be used (optionally with one or more illuminators, such as Figure 1IThe system combines the illuminators described herein to generate digital pass-through images, capture visual media (e.g., photographs and / or videos) corresponding to the physical environment, or determine the pose (e.g., positioning and / or orientation) of physical objects and / or surfaces in the physical environment, enabling the placement of virtual objects based on the detected pose of the physical objects and / or surfaces. In some embodiments, the computer system includes one or more input devices for detecting input, such as one or more sensors (e.g., sensor assemblies 1-356 and / or...) for detecting hand positioning and / or movement. Figure 1I One or more sensors), which can be used (optionally with one or more illuminators, such as Figure 1I The illuminators 6-124 described herein (in combination) determine when one or more air gestures are performed. In some embodiments, the computer system includes one or more input devices for detecting input, such as one or more sensors for detecting eye movement (e.g., Figure 1I Eye-tracking and gaze-tracking sensors in the system), these sensors can be used (optionally combined with one or more lights, such as...) Figure 10The light (11.3.2-110) in the image determines attention or gaze localization and / or gaze movement, which may optionally be used to detect gaze-only input based on gaze movement and / or dwell. Combinations of the various sensors described above can be used to determine user facial expressions and / or hand movements for generating an avatar or representation of the user, such as an anthropomorphic avatar or representation for real-time communication sessions, wherein the avatar has facial expressions, hand movements, and / or body movements detected by the user based on or similar to the device. Gaze and / or attention information may optionally be combined with hand tracking information to determine user interaction with one or more user interfaces based on direct and / or indirect input, such as air gestures or input using one or more hardware input devices, such as one or more buttons (e.g., first buttons 1-128, buttons 11.1.1-114, second buttons 1-132 and / or dials or buttons 1-328), knobs (e.g., first buttons 1-128, buttons 11.1.1-114 and / or dials or buttons 1-328), digital crowns (e.g., pressable and twistable or rotatable first buttons 1-128, buttons 11.1.1-114 and / or dials or buttons 1-328), touchpads, touchscreens, keyboards, mice and / or other input devices. One or more buttons (e.g., first buttons 1-128, buttons 11.1.1-114, second buttons 1-132, and / or dials or buttons 1-328) are optionally used to perform system operations, such as recentering content in the user-visible 3D environment of the device, displaying the main user interface for launching an application, initiating a real-time communication session, or initiating the display of a virtual 3D background. Knobs or digital crowns (e.g., pressable and twistable or rotatable first buttons 1-128, buttons 11.1.1-114, and / or dials or buttons 1-328) are optionally rotatable to adjust parameters of the visual content, such as the level of immersion of the virtual 3D environment (e.g., the extent to which the virtual content occupies the user's viewport in the 3D environment) or other parameters associated with the 3D environment and the virtual content displayed via optical modules (e.g., first display components 1-120a and second display components 1-120b and / or first optical modules 11.1.1-104a and second optical modules 11.1.1-104b).

[0087] Figure 1BFront, top, and perspective views of an example head-mounted display (HMD) device 1-100 configured for wear by a user and to provide virtual and altered / mixed reality (VR / AR) experiences are shown. The HMD 1-100 may include a display unit 1-102 or component, an electronic strip assembly 1-104 connected to and extending from the display unit 1-102, and a strap assembly 1-106 fixed at either end to the electronic strip assembly 1-104. The electronic strip assembly 1-104 and the strap 1-106 may be part of a retention assembly configured to wrap around the user's head to hold the display unit 1-102 against the user's face.

[0088] In at least one example, the band assembly 1-106 may include a first band 1-116 configured to wrap around the back of the user's head and a second band 1-117 configured to extend above the top of the user's head. As shown, the second band may extend between the first electronic band 1-105a and the second electronic band 1-105b of the electronic band assembly 1-104. The band assembly 1-104 and the band assembly 1-106 may be part of a fixing mechanism that extends rearward from the display unit 1-102 and is configured to hold the display unit 1-102 against the user's face.

[0089] In at least one example, the fixing mechanism includes a first electronic strip 1-105a, which includes a first proximal end 1-134 coupled to a display unit 1-102 (e.g., a housing 1-150 of the display unit 1-102) and a first distal end 1-136 opposite to the first proximal end 1-134. The fixing mechanism may also include a second electronic strip 1-105b, which includes a second proximal end 1-138 coupled to the housing 1-150 of the display unit 1-102 and a second distal end 1-140 opposite to the second proximal end 1-138. The fixing mechanism may also include a first strip 1-116 and a second strip 1-117, the first strip including a first end 1-142 coupled to the first distal end 1-136 and a second end 1-144 coupled to the second distal end 1-140, and the second strip extending between the first electronic strip 1-105a and the second electronic strip 1-105b. Strips 1-105a to b and strip 1-116 may be coupled via a connecting mechanism or component 1-114. In at least one example, the second strip 1-117 includes a first end 1-146 coupled to the first electronic strip 1-105a between a first proximal end 1-134 and a first distal end 1-136, and a second end 1-148 coupled to the second electronic strip 1-105b between a second proximal end 1-138 and a second distal end 1-140.

[0090] In at least one example, the first electronic strip and the second electronic strips 1-105a to b comprise plastic, metal, or other structural materials forming the shape of the substantially rigid strips 1-105a to b. In at least one example, the first strip and the second strips 1-116, 1-117 are formed of an elastic flexible material (including woven textiles, rubber, etc.). The first strip 1-116 and the second strip 1-117 may be flexible enough to conform to the shape of the user's head when wearing the HMD 1-100.

[0091] In at least one example, one or more of the first electronic stripe and the second electronic stripe 1-105a to b may define an inner stripe volume and include one or more electronic components disposed within the inner stripe volume. In one example, such as Figure 1B As shown, the first electronic strip 1-105a may include electronic components 1-112. In one example, electronic components 1-112 may include a speaker. In another example, electronic components 1-112 may include computing components, such as a processor.

[0092] In at least one example, the housing 1-150 defines a first front opening 1-152. The front opening is located in... Figure 1B The section marked 1-152 with dashed lines is because the display assembly 1-108 is configured to obscure the first opening 1-152 when the HMD 1-100 is assembled, as viewed from above. The housing 1-150 may also define a rearward second opening 1-154. The housing 1-150 also defines an internal volume between the first opening 1-152 and the second opening 1-154. In at least one example, the HMD 1-100 includes a display assembly 1-108, which may include a front cover disposed in or across the front opening 1-152 to obscure the front opening 1-152 and a display screen (shown in other figures). In at least one example, the display screen of the display assembly 1-108, and the display assembly 1-108 in general, has a curvature configured to follow the curvature of the user's face. The display screen of display component 1-108 can be bent as shown to complement the user's facial features and the overall curvature from one side of the face to the other, such as from left to right and / or from top to bottom, wherein display unit 1-102 is pressed.

[0093] In at least one example, the housing 1-150 may define a first hole 1-126 between a first opening 1-152 and a second opening 1-154, and a second hole 1-130 between the first opening 1-152 and the second opening 1-154. The HMD 1-100 may also include a first button 1-126 disposed in the first hole 1-128, and a second button 1-132 disposed in the second hole 1-130. The first button 1-128 and the second button 1-132 are pressable through their respective holes 1-126 and 1-130. In at least one example, the first button 1-126 and / or the second button 1-132 may be a rotary dial and a pressable button. In at least one example, the first button 1-128 is a pressable and rotary dial button, and the second button 1-132 is a pressable button.

[0094] Figure 1C A rear perspective view of HMD 1-100 is shown. HMD 1-100 may include a light seal 1-110 extending rearwardly around the periphery of housing 1-150 of display assembly 1-108, as shown. The light seal 1-110 may be configured to extend from housing 1-150 to the user's face, surrounding the user's eyes, to block external light from being visible. In one example, HMD 1-100 may include a first display assembly 1-120a and a second display assembly 1-120b disposed at or within a rearwardly facing second opening 1-154 defined by housing 1-150 and / or disposed within the internal volume of housing 1-150 and configured to project light through the second opening 1-154. In at least one example, each display assembly 1-120a to b may include a corresponding display screen 1-122a, 1-122b configured to project light toward the user's eyes in a rearward direction through the second opening 1-154.

[0095] In at least one example, reference Figure 1B and Figure 1C Both, the display assembly 1-108 can be a front-facing display assembly including a display screen configured to project light in a first forward direction, and the rear display screens 1-122a-b can be configured to project light in a second rearward direction opposite to the first direction. As described above, the light seal 1-110 can be configured to block light from outside the HMD 1-100 from reaching the user's eyes, including a component made of... Figure 1B The front perspective view shows the light projected onto the display screen by the display assembly 1-108. In at least one example, the HMD 1-100 may also include a curtain 1-124 that blocks the second opening 1-154 between the housing 1-150 and the rear display assemblies 1-120a to b. In at least one example, the curtain 1-124 may be elastic or at least partially elastic.

[0096] Figure 1B and Figure 1C Any of the features, components, and / or parts shown (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included individually or in any combination. Figures 1D to 1F Any other examples of devices, features, components, and parts shown and described herein. Similarly, refer to... Figures 1D to 1F Any of the features, components, and / or parts shown or described (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included individually or in any combination. Figure 1B and Figure 1C Examples of devices, features, components, and parts are shown.

[0097] Figure 1D An exploded view of an example HMD 1-200 is shown, which includes various parts or components separated according to the modularity and selective coupling of these components. For example, HMD 1-200 may include a strip 1-216 that may be selectively coupled to a first electronic strip 1-205a and a second electronic strip 1-205b. The first fixed strip 1-205a may include a first electronic component 1-212a, and the second fixed strip 1-205b may include a second electronic component 1-212b. In at least one example, the first strip and the second strips 1-205a to b are removably coupled to a display unit 1-202.

[0098] Furthermore, HMD 1-200 may include a light-sealing member 1-210 configured to be removably coupled to display unit 1-202. HMD 1-200 may also include a lens 1-218, which may be removably coupled to display unit 1-202, for example, on a first display assembly and a second display assembly including a display screen. Lens 1-218 may include a custom prescription lens configured for vision correction. As noted, in Figure 1D The exploded view shows that each part described above can be removably connected, attached, reattached, and replaced to update the part or replace it for different users. For example, belts such as belt 1-216, light seals such as light seal 1-210, lenses such as lens 1-218, and electronic strips such as electronic strips 1-205a to b can be replaced according to the user, so that these parts are customized to fit and correspond to a single user of HMD 1-200.

[0099] Figure 1D Any of the features, components, and / or parts shown (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included individually or in any combination. Figure 1B , Figure 1C and Figures 1E to 1FAny other examples of devices, features, components, and parts shown and described herein. Similarly, refer to... Figure 1B , Figure 1C and Figures 1E to 1F Any of the features, components, and / or parts shown or described (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included individually or in any combination. Figure 1D Examples of devices, features, components, and parts are shown.

[0100] Figure 1E An exploded view of an example display unit 1-306 of an HMD is shown. Display unit 1-306 may include a front display assembly 1-308, a frame / housing assembly 1-350, and a curtain assembly 1-324. Display unit 1-306 may also include a sensor assembly 1-356, a logic board assembly 1-358, and a cooling assembly 1-360 disposed between the frame assembly 1-350 and the front display assembly 1-308. In at least one example, display unit 1-306 may also include a rear display assembly 1-320, which includes a first rear display screen 1-322a and a second rear display screen 1-322b disposed between the frame 1-350 and the curtain assembly 1-324.

[0101] In at least one example, the display unit 1-306 may further include a motor assembly 1-362 configured as an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the positioning of the display screens 1-322a to b of the display unit 1-320 relative to the frame 1-350. In at least one example, the display unit 1-320 is mechanically coupled to the motor assembly 1-362, and each display screen 1-322a to b has at least one motor, such that the motor is capable of translating the display screens 1-322a to b to match the interpupillary distance of the user's eyes.

[0102] In at least one example, display unit 1-306 may include a dial or button 1-328 that is pressable relative to frame 1-350 and accessible to a user outside frame 1-350. Button 1-328 may be electrically connected to motor assembly 1-362 via a controller, such that button 1-328 can be operated by a user to cause the motor of motor assembly 1-362 to adjust the positioning of display screens 1-322a to b.

[0103] Figure 1E Any of the features, components, and / or parts shown (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included individually or in any combination. Figures 1B to 1D and Figure 1F Any other examples of devices, features, components, and parts shown and described herein. Similarly, refer to... Figures 1B to 1D and Figure 1FAny of the features, components, and / or parts shown and described (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included individually or in any combination. Figure 1E Examples of devices, features, components, and parts are shown.

[0104] Figure 1F An exploded view of another example of a display unit 1-406 of an HMD device similar to other HMD devices described herein is shown. The display unit 1-406 may include a front display assembly 1-402, a sensor assembly 1-456, a logic board assembly 1-458, a cooling assembly 1-460, a frame assembly 1-450, a rear display assembly 1-421, and a curtain assembly 1-424. The display unit 1-406 may also include a motor assembly 1-462 for adjusting the positioning of the first display sub-assemblies 1-420a and 1-420b of the rear display assembly 1-421, including a first and second corresponding display screen for interpupillary adjustment, as described above.

[0105] Figure 1F The exploded view shown in this article refers to the various parts, systems and components. Figures 1B to 1E And the following figures referenced in this disclosure are described in more detail. Figure 1F The display unit 1-406 shown can be connected with Figures 1B to 1E The fastening mechanism shown is assembled and integrated, including electronic strips, belts, and other components including light seals, connecting assemblies, etc.

[0106] Figure 1F Any of the features, components, and / or parts shown (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included individually or in any combination. Figures 1B to 1E Any other examples of devices, features, components, and parts shown and described herein. Similarly, refer to... Figures 1B to 1E Any of the features, components, and / or parts shown and described (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included individually or in any combination. Figure 1F Examples of devices, features, components, and parts are shown.

[0107] Figure 1G An exploded perspective view of the front cover assembly 3-100 of the HMD device described herein is shown, for example. Figure 1G The front cover assembly 3-1 of the HMD 3-100 shown herein or any other HMD device shown and described herein. Figure 1GThe front cover assembly 3-100 shown may include a transparent or translucent cover 3-102, a shield 3-104 (or “cover”), an adhesive layer 3-106, a display assembly 3-108 including a biconvex lens panel or array 3-110, and a structural decorative element 3-112. The adhesive layer 3-106 secures the shield 3-104 and / or the transparent cover 3-102 to the display assembly 3-108 and / or the decorative element 3-112. The decorative element 3-112 secures various components of the front cover assembly 3-100 to the frame or base of the HMD device.

[0108] In at least one example, such as Figure 1G As shown, a transparent cover 3-102, a shield 3-104, and a display assembly 3-108, including a biconvex lens array 3-110, can be bent to accommodate the curvature of a user's face. The transparent cover 3-102 and the shield 3-104 can be bent in two or three dimensions, for example, vertically in and out of the Z-plane along the Z direction, and horizontally in and out of the ZX-plane along the X direction. In at least one example, the display assembly 3-108 may include the biconvex lens array 3-110 and a display panel with pixels configured to project light through the shield 3-104 and the transparent cover 3-102. The display assembly 3-108 can be bent in at least one direction (e.g., the horizontal direction) to accommodate the curvature of a user's face from one side (e.g., the left) to the other (e.g., the right). In at least one example, each layer or component of the display assembly 3-108 (which will be shown and described in more detail in the following figures, but may include the biconvex lens array 3-110 and the display layer) may be similarly or concentrically curved in the horizontal direction to accommodate the curvature of the user's face.

[0109] In at least one example, the cover 3-104 may include a transparent or translucent material through which the display component 3-108 projects light. In one example, the cover 3-104 may include one or more opaque portions, such as opaque ink-printed portions or other opaque film portions on the back of the cover 3-104. When the HMD device is worn, the rear surface may be the surface of the cover 3-104 facing the user's eyes. In at least one example, the opaque portion may be on the front surface of the cover 3-104 opposite the rear surface. In at least one example, one or more opaque portions of the cover 3-104 may include peripheral portions that visually conceal any components surrounding the outer periphery of the display screen of the display component 3-108. In this way, the opaque portions of the cover conceal any other components of the HMD device that would otherwise be visible through the transparent or translucent cover 3-102 and / or the cover 3-104, including electronic components, structural components, etc.

[0110] In at least one example, the housing 3-104 may define one or more transparent aperture portions 3-120 through which sensors can transmit and receive signals. In one example, portion 3-120 is an aperture through which sensors can extend or transmit and receive signals. In one example, portion 3-120 is a transparent portion, or a portion more transparent than the surrounding translucent or opaque portion of the housing, through which sensors can transmit and receive signals through the housing and via transparent cover 3-102. In one example, the sensor may include a camera, an IR sensor, a LUX sensor, or any other visual or non-visual environmental sensor of the HMD device.

[0111] Figure 1G Any of the features, components, and / or parts shown herein (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included individually or in any combination in any other example of the device, features, components, and parts described herein. Similarly, any of the features, components, and / or parts shown and described herein (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included individually or in any combination in any other example of the device, features, components, and parts described herein. Figure 1G Examples of devices, features, components, and parts are shown.

[0112] Figure 1H An exploded view of an example HMD device 6-100 is shown. The HMD device 6-100 may include a sensor array or system 6-102, which includes one or more sensors, cameras, projectors, etc., mounted to one or more components of the HMD 6-100. In at least one example, the sensor system 6-102 may include a bracket 1-338 on which one or more sensors of the sensor system 6-102 can be fixed / secured.

[0113] Figure 1I A portion of an HMD device 6-100, including a front transparent cover 6-104 and a sensor system 6-102, is shown. The sensor system 6-102 may include multiple different sensors, transmitters, and receivers, including cameras, IR sensors, projectors, etc. The transparent cover 6-104 is illustrated in front of the sensor system 6-102 to illustrate the relative positioning of the various sensors and transmitters and the orientation of each sensor / transmitter in system 6-102. As referenced herein, "lateral," "sideways," "transverse," "horizontal," and other similar terms refer to... Figure 1J The orientation or direction indicated by the X-axis. Terms such as "vertical," "upward," "downward," and similar terms refer to... Figure 1J The orientation or direction indicated by the Z-axis. Terms such as "forward," "backward," "forward-directing," "backward-directing," and similar terms refer to... Figure 1J The orientation or direction indicated by the Y-axis shown.

[0114] In at least one example, a transparent cover 6-104 may define the front outer surface of an HMD device 6-100, and a sensor system 6-102, including various sensors and their components, may be positioned behind the cover 6-104 in the Y-axis / direction. The cover 6-104 may be transparent or translucent to allow light to pass through it, including both light detected by the sensor system 6-102 and light emitted therefrom.

[0115] As described elsewhere herein, the HMD device 6-100 may include one or more controllers, which include processors for electrically coupling various sensors and transmitters of the sensor system 6-102 to one or more motherboards, processing units, and other electronic devices such as displays. Furthermore, as will be shown in more detail below with reference to other accompanying drawings, the various sensors, transmitters, and other components of the sensor system 6-102 may be coupled to… Figure 1I The various structural frame components, brackets, etc. of the HMD device 6-100 are not shown in the diagram. For clarity, Figure 1I The sensor system 6-102 is shown to have components that are not attached to or electrically coupled to other components.

[0116] In at least one example, the device may include one or more controllers having a processor configured to execute instructions stored on a memory component electrically coupled to the processor. These instructions may include, or cause the processor to execute, one or more algorithms for self-correcting the angle and position of the various cameras described herein as the camera's initial position, angle, or orientation is affected by collisions or deformations due to accidental drop events or other events over time.

[0117] In at least one example, the sensor system 6-102 may include one or more scene cameras 6-106. System 6-102 may include two scene cameras 6-102, respectively positioned on either side of the nose bridge or arched structure of the HMD device 6-100, such that each of the two cameras 6-106 approximately corresponds to the positioning of the user's left and right eyes behind the cover 6-103. In at least one example, the scene cameras 6-106 are generally oriented forward in the Y direction to capture images in front of the user during use of the HMD 6-100. In at least one example, the scene cameras are color cameras and, when the HMD device 6-100 is used, provide images and content for MR video pass-through to a display screen facing the user's eyes. The scene cameras 6-106 may also be used for environment and object reconstruction.

[0118] In at least one example, the sensor system 6-102 may include a first depth sensor 6-108 that is generally pointing forward in the Y direction. In at least one example, the first depth sensor 6-108 may be used for environment and object reconstruction as well as user hand and body tracking. In at least one example, the sensor system 6-102 may include a second depth sensor 6-110 centrally located along the width of the HMD device 6-100 (e.g., along the X-axis). For example, the second depth sensor 6-110 may be located above the central bridge of the nose or on an adapter structure above the nose when the user wears the HMD 6-100. In at least one example, the second depth sensor 6-110 may be used for environment and object reconstruction as well as hand and body tracking. In at least one example, the second depth sensor may include a LiDAR sensor.

[0119] In at least one example, the sensor system 6-102 may include a depth projector 6-112, which is typically forward-facing to project electromagnetic waves (e.g., in the form of a predetermined spot pattern) into or within the field of view of the user and / or scene camera 6-106, or into or beyond the field of view of the user and / or scene camera 6-106. In at least one example, the depth projector is capable of projecting electromagnetic waves of light in the form of a spot pattern, which are reflected from an object and back into the aforementioned depth sensors, including depth sensors 6-108 and 6-110. In at least one example, the depth projector 6-112 may be used for environment and object reconstruction, as well as hand and body tracking.

[0120] In at least one example, the sensor system 6-102 may include a downward-facing camera 6-114, whose field of view is generally directed downwards relative to the HMD device 6-100 on the Z-axis. In at least one example, the downward-facing camera 6-114 may be positioned as shown on the left and right sides of the HMD device 6-100 and used for hand and body tracking, head-mounted device tracking, and facial avatar detection and creation for displaying a user avatar on the front display screen of the HMD device 6-100 as described elsewhere herein. For example, the downward-facing camera 6-114 may be used to capture facial expressions and movements of the user's face below the HMD device 6-100, including the cheeks, mouth, and chin.

[0121] In at least one example, the sensor system 6-102 may include a jaw camera 6-116. In at least one example, the jaw camera 6-116 may be positioned as shown on the left and right sides of the HMD device 6-100 and used for hand and body tracking, head-mounted device tracking, and facial avatar detection and creation for displaying a user avatar on the front display screen of the HMD device 6-100 as described elsewhere herein. For example, the jaw camera 6-116 may be used to capture facial expressions and movements of the user's face below the HMD device 6-100, including the user's jaw, cheeks, mouth, and chin. Used for hand and body tracking, head-mounted device tracking, and facial avatar creation. In at least one example, the sensor system 6-102 may include a side camera 6-118. The side camera 6-118 may be oriented to capture left and right views along the X-axis or in a direction relative to the HMD device 6-100. In at least one example, the side camera 6-118 may be used for hand and body tracking, head-mounted device tracking, and facial avatar detection and reconstruction.

[0122] In at least one example, the sensor system 6-102 may include multiple eye-tracking and gaze-tracking sensors for determining identity, status, and the user's gaze direction during and / or prior to use. In at least one example, the eye / gaze-tracking sensor may include a nose-eye camera 6-120 positioned on either side of the user's nose and adjacent to the user's nose when wearing the HMD device 6-100. The eye / gaze sensor may also include a bottom eye camera 6-122 positioned below the respective user's eye for capturing images of the eye for use in facial avatar detection and creation, gaze tracking, and iris identification functions.

[0123] In at least one example, sensor system 6-102 may include an infrared illuminator 6-124 that is pointed outward from HMD device 6-100 to illuminate the external environment and any objects therein with IR light for IR detection using one or more IR sensors of sensor system 6-102. In at least one example, sensor system 6-102 may include a flicker sensor 6-126 and an ambient light sensor 6-128. In at least one example, flicker sensor 6-126 may detect the refresh rate of the overhead light to avoid display flicker. In one example, infrared illuminator 6-124 may include a light-emitting diode and may be specifically designed for low-light environments to illuminate a user's hands and other objects in low light for detection by the infrared sensors of sensor system 6-102.

[0124] In at least one example, multiple sensors (including scene camera 6-106, downward camera 6-114, chin camera 6-116, side camera 6-118, depth projector 6-112, and depth sensors 6-108, 6-110) can be used in combination with an electrically coupled controller to combine depth data with camera data for hand tracking and for sizing, thereby improving the hand tracking and object recognition and tracking functions of the HMD device 6-100. In at least one example, as described above and Figure 1I The downward-facing camera 6-114, the chin camera 6-116, and the side camera 6-118 shown can be wide-angle cameras capable of operating in both the visible and infrared spectra. In at least one example, these cameras 6-114, 6-116, and 6-118 can operate solely in black-and-white light detection to simplify image processing and achieve sensitivity.

[0125] Figure 1I Any of the features, components, and / or parts shown (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included individually or in any combination. Figures 1J to 1L Any other examples of devices, features, components, and parts shown and described herein. Similarly, refer to... Figures 1J to 1L Any of the features, components, and / or parts shown and described (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included individually or in any combination. Figure 1I Examples of devices, features, components, and parts are shown.

[0126] Figure 1J A lower perspective view of an example HMD 6-200 including a cover or shield 6-204 fixed to a frame 6-230 is shown. In at least one example, a sensor 6-203 of a sensor system 6-202 may be disposed around the periphery of the HMD 6-200 such that the sensor 6-203 is positioned outwardly around the periphery of the display area or region 6-232 so as not to obstruct the view of the displayed light. In at least one example, the sensor may be disposed behind the shield 6-204 and aligned with a transparent portion of the shield, thereby allowing light to pass back and forth through the shield 6-204 by the sensor and projector. In at least one example, an opaque ink or other opaque material or film / layer may be disposed on the shield 6-204 around the display area 6-232 to conceal components of the HMD 6-200 outside the display area 6-232 rather than through a transparent portion defined by the opaque portion through which the sensor and projector transmit and receive light and electromagnetic signals during operation. In at least one example, the shield 6-204 allows light to pass through the display (e.g., within the display area 6-232), but does not allow light to pass radially outward from the display area surrounding the periphery of the display and the shield 6-204.

[0127] In some embodiments, the shield 6-204 includes a transparent portion 6-205 and an opaque portion 6-207, as described above and elsewhere herein. In at least one example, the opaque portion 6-207 of the shield 6-204 may define one or more transparent areas 6-209 through which the sensor 6-203 of the sensor system 6-202 transmits and receives signals. In the illustrated example, the sensor 6-203 of the sensor system 6-202 transmits and receives signals through the shield 6-204, or more specifically through (or defined by) the transparent area 6-209 of the opaque portion 6-207 of the shield 6-204, the sensor including [missing information]. Figure 1I The examples show the same or similar sensors, such as depth sensors 6-108 and 6-110, a depth projector 6-112, a first scene camera and a second scene camera 6-106, a first downward camera and a second downward camera 6-114, a first side camera and a second side camera 6-118, and a first infrared illuminator and a second infrared illuminator 6-124. These sensors also... Figure 1K and Figure 1L The example is shown. Other sensors, sensor types, number of sensors, and their relative positioning can be included in one or more other examples of the HMD.

[0128] Figure 1J Any of the features, components, and / or parts shown (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included individually or in any combination. Figure 1I and Figures 1K to 1L Any other examples of devices, features, components, and parts shown and described herein. Similarly, refer to... Figure 1I and Figures 1K to 1L Any of the features, components, and / or parts shown or described (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included individually or in any combination. Figure 1J Examples of devices, features, components, and parts are shown.

[0129] Figure 1K A front view of a portion of an example of an HMD device 6-300 is shown, including a display 6-334, brackets 6-336 and 6-338, and a frame or housing 6-330. Figure 1K The examples shown do not include a front cover or shield in order to illustrate brackets 6-336 and 6-338. For example, Figure 1J The shield 6-204 shown includes an opaque portion 6-207 that visually covers / blocks the view of anything outside the display / display area 6-334 (e.g., radially / peripherally outside), including the sensor 6-303 and the bracket 6-338.

[0130] In at least one example, various sensors of sensor system 6-302 are coupled to brackets 6-336, 6-338. In at least one example, scene camera 6-306 includes strict tolerances for angles relative to each other. For example, the tolerance for the mounting angle between two scene cameras 6-306 may be 0.5 degrees or less, such as 0.3 degrees or less. To achieve and maintain such strict tolerances, in one example, scene camera 6-306 may be mounted to bracket 6-338 instead of a housing. The bracket may include a cantilever on which scene camera 6-306 and other sensors of sensor system 6-302 may be mounted to maintain their positioning and orientation in the event of a drop event caused by a user that results in any deformation of other brackets 6-226, housing 6-330, and / or housing.

[0131] Figure 1K Any of the features, components, and / or parts shown (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included individually or in any combination. Figures 1I to 1J and Figure 1L Any other examples of devices, features, components, and parts shown and described herein. Similarly, refer to... Figures 1I to 1J and Figure 1L Any of the features, components, and / or parts shown or described (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included individually or in any combination. Figure 1K Examples of devices, features, components, and parts are shown.

[0132] Figure 1L A bottom view of an example HMD 6-400 including a front display / cover assembly 6-404 and a sensor system 6-402 is shown. The sensor system 6-402 may be similar to other sensor systems described above and elsewhere herein, including references. Figures 1I to 1K As described above. In at least one example, the jaw camera 6-416 may be oriented downwards to capture images of the user's lower facial features. In one example, the jaw camera 6-416 may be directly coupled to a frame or housing 6-430 or one or more internal brackets that are directly coupled to the frame or housing 6-430. The frame or housing 6-430 may include one or more holes / openings 6-415 through which the jaw camera 6-416 transmits and receives signals.

[0133] Figure 1L Any of the features, components, and / or parts shown (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included individually or in any combination. Figures 1I to 1K Any other examples of devices, features, components, and parts shown and described herein. Similarly, refer to... Figures 1I to 1KAny of the features, components, and / or parts shown and described (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included individually or in any combination. Figure 1L Examples of devices, features, components, and parts are shown.

[0134] Figure 1M A rear perspective view of an interpupillary distance (IPD) adjustment system 11.1.1-102 is shown, which includes first and second optical modules 11.1.1-104a-b slidably engaged / coupled to corresponding guide rods 11.1.1-108a-b and motors 11.1.1-110a-b of the left and right adjustment subsystems 11.1.1-106a-b. The IPD adjustment system 11.1.1-102 is coupled to a bracket 11.1.1-112 and includes buttons 11.1.1-114 electrically connected to the motors 11.1.1-110a-b. In at least one example, buttons 11.1.1-114 may be electrically connected to the first and second motors 11.1.1-110a-b via a processor or other circuit components, such that the first and second motors 11.1.1-110a-b are activated and respectively cause the first and second optical modules 11.1.1-104a-b to change their positions relative to each other.

[0135] In at least one example, the first and second optical modules 11.1.1-104a to b may include corresponding display screens configured to project light toward the user's eyes when the HMD 11.1.1-100 is worn. In at least one example, the user can manipulate (e.g., press and / or rotate) buttons 11.1.1-114 to activate positioning adjustments of the optical modules 11.1.1-104a to b to match the interpupillary distance of the user's eyes. The optical modules 11.1.1-104a to b may also include one or more cameras or other sensors / sensor systems for imaging and measuring the user's IPD, such that the optical modules 11.1.1-104a to b can be adjusted to match the IPD.

[0136] In one example, a user can manipulate buttons 11.1.1-114 to cause automatic positioning adjustment of the first and second optical modules 11.1.1-104a to b. In another example, a user can manipulate buttons 11.1.1-114 to cause manual adjustment, moving the optical modules 11.1.1-104a to b further or closer (e.g., when the user rotates buttons 11.1.1-114 in one way or another) until the user visually matches their own IPD. In one example, manual adjustment is communicated electronically via one or more circuits, and the power for moving the optical modules 11.1.1-104a to b via motors 11.1.1-110a to b is supplied by a power source. In another example, the adjustment and movement of the optical modules 11.1.1-104a to b via actuating buttons 11.1.1-114 are mechanically actuated via moving buttons 11.1.1-114.

[0137] Figure 1M Any of the features, components, and / or parts shown (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included individually or in any combination in any other example of the devices, features, components, and parts shown in any other drawing and described herein. Similarly, any of the features, components, and / or parts shown or described with reference to any other drawing (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included individually or in any combination in any other example of the devices, features, components, and parts described herein. Figure 1M Examples of devices, features, components, and parts are shown.

[0138] Figure 1N A front perspective view of a portion of HMD 11.1.2-100 is shown, including an outer structural frame 11.1.2-102 defining a first hole 11.1.2-106a and a second hole 11.1.2-106b, and an inner or intermediate structural frame 11.1.2-104. Holes 11.1.2-106a-b are... Figure 1N The views of holes 11.1.2-106a-b are shown in dashed lines because they may be obstructed by one or more other components of HMD 11.1.2-100 coupled to the inner frame 11.1.2-104 and / or the outer frame 11.1.2-102, as illustrated. In at least one example, HMD 11.1.2-100 may include a first mounting bracket 11.1.2-108 coupled to the inner frame 11.1.2-104. In at least one example, mounting bracket 11.1.2-108 is coupled to the inner frame 11.1.2-104 between the first and second holes 11.1.2-106a-b.

[0139] Mounting brackets 11.1.2-108 may include intermediate or central portions 11.1.2-109 coupled to the inner frame 11.1.2-104. In some embodiments, the intermediate or central portions 11.1.2-109 may not be the geometric center or middle of the brackets 11.1.2-108. Instead, the intermediate / central portions 11.1.2-109 may be positioned between a first cantilever extension arm and a second cantilever extension arm extending away from the intermediate portions 11.1.2-109. In at least one example, mounting bracket 108 includes first cantilever arms 11.1.2-112 and second cantilever arms 11.1.2-114 extending away from the intermediate portions 11.1.2-109 of the mounting brackets 11.1.2-108 coupled to the inner frame 11.1.2-104.

[0140] like Figure 1N As shown, the outer frame 11.1.2-102 may define a curved geometry on its underside to adapt to the user's nose when the user wears the HMD 11.1.2-100. This curved geometry may be referred to as the bridge of the nose 11.1.2-111 and is centrally located on the underside of the HMD 11.1.2-100 as shown. In at least one example, the mounting bracket 11.1.2-108 may be connected to the inner frame 11.1.2-104 between holes 11.1.2-106a and b, such that the cantilever 11.1.2-112, 11.1.2-114 extend downward and laterally outward away from the central portion 11.1.2-109 to complement the nose bridge geometry of the outer frame 11.1.2-102. In this way, the mounting bracket 11.1.2-108 is configured to adapt to the user's nose, as described above. The geometry of the bridge of the nose 11.1.2-111 adapts to the nose, as it provides a curvature that conforms to the shape of the user's nose, offering a comfortable fit from above, above, and around.

[0141] The first cantilever 11.1.2-112 may extend in a first direction away from the middle portion 11.1.2-109 of the mounting bracket 11.1.2-108, and the second cantilever 11.1.2-114 may extend in a second direction opposite to the first direction away from the middle portion 11.1.2-109 of the mounting bracket 11.1.2-108. The first cantilever 11.1.2-112 and the second cantilever 11.1.2-114 are referred to as “cantilever” or “cantilever” arms because each arm 11.1.2-112, 11.1.2-114 includes free distal ends 11.1.2-116, 11.1.2-118, respectively, which are not attached to the inner frame 11.1.2-102 and the outer frame 11.1.2-104. In this way, arms 11.1.2-112 and 11.1.2-114 extend from the middle section 11.1.2-109, which can be connected to the inner frame 11.1.2-104, while the distal ends 11.1.2-102 and 11.1.2-104 are not attached.

[0142] In at least one example, the HMD 11.1.2-100 may include one or more components coupled to the mounting bracket 11.1.2-108. In one example, the components include a plurality of sensors 11.1.2-110a-f. Each of the plurality of sensors 11.1.2-110a-f may include various types of sensors, including cameras, IR sensors, etc. In some embodiments, one or more of the sensors 11.1.2-110a-f may be used for object recognition in three-dimensional space, making it important to maintain the precise relative positioning of two or more of the sensors 11.1.2-110a-f. The cantilever nature of the mounting bracket 11.1.2-108 can protect the sensors 11.1.2-110a-f from damage and displacement in the event of accidental drops by the user. Because the sensors 11.1.2-110a-f cantilevered on the arms 11.1.2-112 and 11.1.2-114 of the mounting bracket 11.1.2-108, the stress and deformation of the internal frame and / or the external frames 11.1.2-104 and 11.1.2-102 are not transmitted to the cantilever arms 11.1.2-112 and 11.1.2-114, and therefore do not affect the relative positioning of the sensors 11.1.2-110a-f coupled to / mounted to the mounting bracket 11.1.2-108.

[0143] Figure 1NAny of the features, components, and / or parts shown herein (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included individually or in any combination in any other example of the device, feature, or component described herein. Similarly, any of the features, components, and / or parts shown and described herein (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included individually or in any combination in any other example of the device, feature, or component described herein. Figure 1N Examples of devices, features, components, and parts are shown.

[0144] Figure 10 An example of optical modules 11.3.2-100 for use in electronic devices, such as HMDs, including the HDM devices described herein, is shown. As shown in one or more other examples described herein, optical module 11.3.2-100 may be one of two optical modules within an HMD, wherein each optical module is aligned to project light toward a user's eye. In this way, a first optical module may project light toward a user's first eye via a display screen, and a second optical module of the same device may project light toward a user's second eye via another display screen.

[0145] In at least one example, the optical module 11.3.2-100 may include an optical frame or housing 11.3.2-102, which may also be referred to as a tube or optical module tube. The optical module 11.3.2-100 may also include a display 11.3.2-104 coupled to the housing 11.3.2-102, the display including one or more display screens. The display 11.3.2-104 may be coupled to the housing 11.3.2-102 such that the display 11.3.2-104 is configured to project light toward the user's eyes when the HMD to which the display module 11.3.2-100 belongs is worn during use. In at least one example, the housing 11.3.2-102 may surround the display 11.3.2-104 and provide connection features for coupling other components of the optical module described herein.

[0146] In one example, the optical module 11.3.2-100 may include one or more cameras 11.3.2-106 coupled to the housing 11.3.2-102. The cameras 11.3.2-106 may be positioned relative to the display 11.3.2-104 and the housing 11.3.2-102 such that the cameras 11.3.2-106 are configured to capture one or more images of a user's eye during use. In at least one example, the optical module 11.3.2-100 may also include a light strip 11.3.2-108 surrounding the display 11.3.2-104. In one example, the light strip 11.3.2-108 is disposed between the display 11.3.2-104 and the camera 11.3.2-106. The light strip 11.3.2-108 may include a plurality of lights 11.3.2-110. The plurality of lights may include one or more light-emitting diodes (LEDs) or other lights configured to project light toward the user's eyes when the HMD is worn. The individual lights 11.3.2-110 in the light strips 11.3.2-108 may be spaced apart around the light strips 11.3.2-108, and are therefore uniformly or non-uniformly spaced around the display 11.3.2-104 at various locations on the light strips 11.3.2-108 and around the display 11.3.2-104.

[0147] In at least one example, the housing 11.3.2-102 defines a viewing opening 11.3.2-101 through which a user can view the display 11.3.2-104 when wearing the HMD device. In at least one example, the LEDs are configured and arranged to emit light onto the user's eyes through the viewing opening 11.3.2-101. In one example, a camera 11.3.2-106 is configured to capture one or more images of the user's eyes through the viewing opening 11.3.2-101.

[0148] As mentioned above, Figure 10 Each of the components and features of the optical modules 11.3.2-100 shown can be replicated in another (e.g., a second) optical module set together with the HMD, thereby interacting with the user's other eye (e.g., projecting light and capturing images).

[0149] Figure 10 Any of the features, components, and / or parts shown (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included individually or in any combination. Figure 1P Any other example of the device, feature, component, and part shown or otherwise described herein. Similarly, refer to... Figure 1P Any of the features, components, and / or parts (including their arrangement and configuration) shown or described otherwise herein may be included individually or in any combination. Figure 10Examples of devices, features, components, and parts are shown.

[0150] Figure 1P A cross-sectional view of an example optical module 11.3.2-200 is shown, including a housing 11.3.2-202, a display assembly 11.3.2-204 coupled to the housing 11.3.2-202, and a lens 11.3.2-216 coupled to the housing 11.3.2-202. In at least one example, the housing 11.3.2-202 defines a first aperture or channel 11.3.2-212 and a second aperture or channel 11.3.2-214. Channels 11.3.2-212 and 11.3.2-214 can be configured to slidably engage corresponding tracks or guides of the HMD device to allow the optical module 11.3.2-200 to be adjusted and positioned relative to the user's eye to match the user's interpupillary distance (IPD). The housing 11.3.2-202 can slidably engage guides to secure the optical module 11.3.2-200 in the appropriate position within the HMD.

[0151] In at least one example, the optical module 11.3.2-200 may further include a lens 11.3.2-216 coupled to the housing 11.3.2-202 and positioned between the display assembly 11.3.2-204 and the user's eye when the HMD is worn. The lens 11.3.2-216 may be configured to direct light from the display assembly 11.3.2-204 to the user's eye. In at least one example, the lens 11.3.2-216 may be part of a lens assembly including a corrective lens removably attached to the optical module 11.3.2-200. In at least one example, lenses 11.3.2-216 are positioned above light strips 11.3.2-208 and one or more eye-tracking cameras 11.3.2-206, such that cameras 11.3.2-206 are configured to capture an image of a user's eye through lenses 11.3.2-216, and light strips 11.3.2-208 include lamps configured to project light onto the user's eye through lenses 11.3.2-216 during use.

[0152] Figure 1P Any of the features, components, and / or parts shown herein (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included individually or in any combination in any other example of the device, features, components, and parts described herein. Similarly, any of the features, components, and / or parts shown and described herein (including their arrangement and configuration) may be included individually or in any combination in any other example of the device, features, components, and parts described herein. Figure 1P Examples of devices, features, components, and parts are shown.

[0153] Figure 2This is a block diagram of an example controller 110 according to some implementation schemes. Although some specific features are illustrated, those skilled in the art will recognize from this disclosure that various other features have not been illustrated for the sake of brevity and to avoid obscuring further relevant aspects of the implementation schemes disclosed herein. Therefore, as a non-limiting example, in some embodiments, controller 110 includes one or more processing units 202 (e.g., microprocessors, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), processing cores, etc.), one or more input / output (I / O) devices 206, one or more communication interfaces 208 (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), FireWire, Thunderbolt, IEEE 802.3x, IEEE 802.11x, IEEE 802.16x, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Global Positioning System (GPS), Infrared (IR), Bluetooth, ZigBee, and / or similar types of interfaces), one or more programming (e.g., I / O) interfaces 210, memory 220, and one or more communication buses 204 for interconnecting these components and various other components.

[0154] In some embodiments, one or more communication buses 204 include circuitry for interconnecting and controlling communication between system components. In some embodiments, one or more I / O devices 206 include at least one of a keyboard, mouse, touchpad, joystick, one or more microphones, one or more speakers, one or more image sensors, one or more displays, etc.

[0155] Memory 220 includes high-speed random access memory, such as dynamic random access memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM), double data rate random access memory (DDR RAM), or other random access solid-state memory devices. In some embodiments, memory 220 includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state memory devices. Memory 220 optionally includes one or more storage devices located remotely from one or more processing units 202. Memory 220 includes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. In some embodiments, memory 220 or the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of memory 220 stores programs, modules, and data structures, or subsets thereof, including optional operating system 230 and XR experience module 240.

[0156] Operating system 230 includes instructions for handling various basic system services and for performing hardware-related tasks. In some embodiments, XR experience module 240 is configured to manage and coordinate single or multiple XR experiences for one or more users (e.g., single XR experiences for one or more users, or multiple XR experiences for corresponding groups of one or more users). To this end, in various embodiments, XR experience module 240 includes a data acquisition unit 241, a tracking unit 242, a coordination unit 246, and a data transmission unit 248.

[0157] In some implementations, the data acquisition unit 241 is configured to acquire data from... Figure 1A The data acquisition unit 241 includes at least a display generation component 120 and optionally acquires data (e.g., presentation data, interactive data, sensor data, location data, etc.) from one or more of the input device 125, output device 155, sensor 190, and / or peripheral device 195. To this end, in various embodiments, the data acquisition unit 241 includes instructions and / or logic for the instructions, as well as heuristics and metadata for the heuristics.

[0158] In some implementations, the tracking unit 242 is configured to map scene 105, and the tracking at least shows the generated component 120 relative to... Figure 1A The tracking unit 242 tracks the location / position of scene 105, and optionally tracks the position of one or more of the input device 125, output device 155, sensor 190, and / or peripheral device 195. To this end, in various embodiments, the tracking unit 242 includes instructions and / or logic for the instructions, as well as heuristics and metadata for the heuristics. In some embodiments, the tracking unit 242 includes a hand tracking unit 244 and / or an eye tracking unit 243. In some embodiments, the hand tracking unit 244 is configured to track the location / position of one or more portions of the user's hand, and / or the location of one or more portions of the user's hand relative to the user's hand. Figure 1A The movement of scene 105 relative to the display generating component 120 and / or relative to a coordinate system (defined relative to the user's hand). The following refers to the movement relative to... Figure 4 The hand tracking unit 244 is described in more detail. In some embodiments, the eye tracking unit 243 is configured to track the user's gaze (or more broadly, the user's eyes, face, or head) relative to scene 105 (e.g., relative to the physical environment and / or relative to the user (e.g., the user's hand)) or relative to XR content displayed via display generation component 120. The following description is relative to... Figure 5 The eye-tracking unit 243 is described in more detail.

[0159] In some implementations, coordination unit 246 is configured to manage and coordinate the XR experience presented to the user by display generation component 120, and optionally by one or more of output device 155 and / or peripheral device 195. To this end, in various implementations, coordination unit 246 includes instructions and / or logic for instructions, as well as heuristics and metadata for heuristics.

[0160] In some embodiments, the data transmission unit 248 is configured to transmit data (e.g., presentation data, location data, etc.) to at least the display generation component 120, and optionally to one or more of the input device 125, output device 155, sensor 190, and / or peripheral device 195. For this purpose, in various embodiments, the data transmission unit 248 includes instructions and / or logic for instructions, as well as heuristics and metadata for heuristics.

[0161] Although the data acquisition unit 241, the tracking unit 242 (e.g., including eye tracking unit 243 and hand tracking unit 244), the coordination unit 246, and the data transmission unit 248 are shown residing on a single device (e.g., controller 110), it should be understood that in other embodiments, any combination of the data acquisition unit 241, the tracking unit 242 (e.g., including eye tracking unit 243 and hand tracking unit 244), the coordination unit 246, and the data transmission unit 248 may reside in a separate computing device.

[0162] also, Figure 2 This is used more as a functional description of various features that can exist in a particular specific implementation, and differs from the structural diagrams of the implementations described herein. As those skilled in the art will recognize, individually shown items can be combined, and some items can be separated. For example, Figure 2 Some functional modules shown individually may be implemented in a single module, and the various functions of a single functional block may be implemented in various implementations through one or more functional blocks. The actual number of modules and the division of specific functions and how features are allocated therein will vary depending on the specific implementation, and in some implementations, it depends in part on the specific combination of hardware, software and / or firmware chosen for that particular implementation.

[0163] Figure 3This is a block diagram illustrating an example of generating component 120 according to some embodiments. Although some specific features are illustrated, those skilled in the art will recognize from this disclosure that various other features have not been illustrated for the sake of brevity and to avoid obscuring further relevant aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein. Therefore, as a non-limiting example, in some embodiments, the display generating component 120 (e.g., HMD) includes one or more processing units 302 (e.g., microprocessors, ASICs, FPGAs, GPUs, CPUs, processing cores, etc.), one or more input / output (I / O) devices and sensors 306, one or more communication interfaces 308 (e.g., USB, Firewire, Thunderbolt, IEEE 802.3x, IEEE 802.11x, IEEE 802.16x, GSM, CDMA, TDMA, GPS, IR, Bluetooth, ZigBee, and / or similar interfaces), one or more programming (e.g., I / O) interfaces 310, one or more XR displays 312, one or more optional internal and / or external image sensors 314, memory 320, and one or more communication buses 304 for interconnecting these components and various other components.

[0164] In some embodiments, one or more communication buses 304 include circuitry for interconnecting and controlling communication between system components. In some embodiments, one or more I / O devices and sensors 306 include inertial measurement units (IMUs), accelerometers, gyroscopes, thermometers, one or more physiological sensors (e.g., blood pressure monitors, heart rate monitors, blood oxygen sensors, blood glucose sensors, etc.), one or more microphones, one or more speakers, haptic engines, and / or one or more depth sensors (e.g., structured light, time-of-flight, etc.).

[0165] In some embodiments, one or more XR displays 312 are configured to provide an XR experience to a user. In some embodiments, one or more XR displays 312 correspond to holographic, digital light processing (DLP), liquid crystal display (LCD), liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS), organic light-emitting field-effect transistor (OLET), organic light-emitting diode (OLED), surface-conducting electron emission display (SED), field emission display (FED), quantum dot light-emitting diode (QD-LED), microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), and / or similar display types. In some embodiments, one or more XR displays 312 correspond to waveguide displays such as diffraction, reflection, polarization, and holography. For example, display generation component 120 (e.g., HMD) includes a single XR display. In another example, display generation component 120 includes XR displays for each of the user's eyes. In some embodiments, one or more XR displays 312 are capable of presenting MR and VR content. In some embodiments, one or more XR displays 312 are capable of presenting either MR or VR content.

[0166] In some embodiments, one or more image sensors 314 are configured to acquire image data corresponding to at least a portion of the user's face, including the user's eyes (and may be referred to as an eye-tracking camera). In some embodiments, one or more image sensors 314 are configured to acquire image data corresponding to at least a portion of the user's hand and optionally the user's arm (and may be referred to as a hand-tracking camera). In some embodiments, one or more image sensors 314 are configured to face forward in order to acquire image data corresponding to the scene that the user would see in the absence of a display generation component 120 (e.g., an HMD) (and may be referred to as a scene camera). One or more optional image sensors 314 may include one or more RGB cameras (e.g., having a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor or a charge-coupled device (CCD) image sensor), one or more infrared (IR) cameras, and / or one or more event-based cameras, etc.

[0167] Memory 320 includes high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM, or other random access solid-state memory devices. In some embodiments, memory 320 includes non-volatile memory, such as one or more disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid-state storage devices. Memory 320 optionally includes one or more storage devices located remotely from one or more processing units 302. Memory 320 includes a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium. In some embodiments, memory 320 or the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium of memory 320 stores programs, modules, and data structures, or subsets thereof, including optional operating system 330 and XR rendering module 340.

[0168] Operating system 330 includes instructions for handling various basic system services and for performing hardware-related tasks. In some embodiments, XR rendering module 340 is configured to present XR content to a user via one or more XR displays 312. To this end, in various embodiments, XR rendering module 340 includes a data acquisition unit 342, an XR rendering unit 344, an XR mapping generation unit 346, and a data transmission unit 348.

[0169] In some implementations, the data acquisition unit 342 is configured to acquire data from at least... Figure 1A The controller 110 acquires data (e.g., presentation data, interaction data, sensor data, location data, etc.). To this end, in various embodiments, the data acquisition unit 342 includes instructions and / or logic for the instructions, as well as heuristics and metadata for the heuristics.

[0170] In some implementations, the XR rendering unit 344 is configured to render XR content via one or more XR displays 312. To this end, in various implementations, the XR rendering unit 344 includes instructions and / or logic for the instructions, as well as heuristics and metadata for the heuristics.

[0171] In some implementations, the XR mapping generation unit 346 is configured to generate XR maps based on media content data (e.g., 3D maps of mixed reality scenes or maps in which computer-generated objects can be placed to generate extended reality physical environments). To this end, in various implementations, the XR mapping generation unit 346 includes instructions and / or logic for the instructions, as well as heuristics and metadata for the heuristics.

[0172] In some embodiments, the data transmission unit 348 is configured to transmit data (e.g., presentation data, location data, etc.) to at least the controller 110, and optionally to one or more of the input device 125, output device 155, sensor 190, and / or peripheral device 195. To this end, in various embodiments, the data transmission unit 348 includes instructions and / or logic for instructions, as well as heuristics and metadata for heuristics.

[0173] Although the data acquisition unit 342, the XR rendering unit 344, the XR mapping generation unit 346, and the data sending unit 348 are shown residing in a single device (e.g., Figure 1A The data acquisition unit 342, the XR rendering unit 344, the XR mapping generation unit 346, and the data sending unit 348 are located on the display generation component 120, but it should be understood that in other embodiments, any combination of the data acquisition unit 342, the XR rendering unit 344, the XR mapping generation unit 346, and the data sending unit 348 may be located in a separate computing device.

[0174] also, Figure 3 This serves more as a functional description of various features that may exist in a particular specific implementation, and differs from the structural schematic diagram of the implementation described herein. As those skilled in the art will recognize, individually shown items can be combined, and some items can be separated. For example, Figure 3 Some functional modules shown individually may be implemented in a single module, and the various functions of a single functional block may be implemented in various implementations through one or more functional blocks. The actual number of modules and the division of specific functions and how features are allocated therein will vary depending on the specific implementation, and in some implementations, it depends in part on the specific combination of hardware, software and / or firmware chosen for that particular implementation.

[0175] Figure 4 This is a schematic illustration of an example embodiment of the hand tracking device 140. In some embodiments, the hand tracking device 140 ( Figure 1A ) by hand tracking unit 244 ( Figure 2 To control and track the location / position of one or more parts of the user's hand, and / or the location of one or more parts of the user's hand relative to the user's hand. Figure 1AThe scenario 105 involves movement relative to a portion of the user's surrounding physical environment, relative to display generation component 120, or relative to a portion of the user (e.g., the user's face, eyes, or head), and / or relative to a coordinate system defined relative to the user's hand. In some embodiments, the hand tracking device 140 is part of the display generation component 120 (e.g., embedded in or attached to a head-mounted device). In some embodiments, the hand tracking device 140 is separate from the display generation component 120 (e.g., located in a separate housing or attached to a separate physical support structure).

[0176] In some embodiments, the hand tracking device 140 includes an image sensor 404 (e.g., one or more IR cameras, 3D cameras, depth cameras, and / or color cameras, etc.) that captures at least three-dimensional scene information including the human user's hand 406. The image sensor 404 captures images of the hand at sufficient resolution to distinguish the fingers and their corresponding positions. The image sensor 404 typically captures images of other parts of the user's body, or possibly all parts of the body, and may have scaling capabilities or be a dedicated sensor with increased magnification to capture images of the hand at the desired resolution. In some embodiments, the image sensor 404 also captures 2D color video images of the hand 406 and other elements of the scene. In some embodiments, the image sensor 404 is used in conjunction with other image sensors to capture the physical environment of scene 105, or serves as the image sensor for capturing the physical environment of scene 105. In some embodiments, the image sensor is positioned relative to the user or the user's environment in a way that uses the field of view of the image sensor 404 or a portion thereof to define an interaction space in which hand movements captured by the image sensor are considered input to the controller 110.

[0177] In some implementations, image sensor 404 outputs a sequence of frames containing 3D image data (and, in addition, possibly color image data) to controller 110, which extracts high-level information from the image data. This high-level information is typically provided via an application programming interface (API) to an application running on the controller, which in turn drives display generation component 120. For example, a user can interact with software running on controller 110 by moving his hand 406 and changing his hand pose.

[0178] In some embodiments, image sensor 404 projects a speckle pattern onto a scene containing hand 406 and captures an image of the projected pattern. In some embodiments, controller 110 calculates the 3D coordinates of points in the scene (including points on the surface of the user's hand) via triangulation based on the lateral offset of the specks in the pattern. This approach is advantageous because it does not require the user to hold or wear any kind of beacon, sensor, or other marker. This method gives the depth coordinates of points in the scene relative to a predetermined reference plane at a specific distance from image sensor 404. In this disclosure, it is assumed that image sensor 404 defines an orthogonal set of x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis such that the depth coordinates of points in the scene correspond to the z-component measured by the image sensor. Alternatively, image sensor 404 (e.g., a hand-tracking device) may use other 3D mapping methods, such as stereo imaging or time-of-flight measurement, based on a single or multiple cameras or other types of sensors.

[0179] In some implementations, hand tracking device 140 captures and processes time-series depth maps containing the user's hand as the user moves his hand (e.g., the entire hand or one or more fingers). Software running on a processor in image sensor 404 and / or controller 110 processes the 3D map data to extract image block descriptors of the hand from these depth maps. The software may match these descriptors with image block descriptors stored in database 408 based on a previous learning process to estimate the pose of the hand in each frame. The pose typically includes the 3D position of the user's hand joints and fingertips.

[0180] The software can also analyze the trajectories of the hand and / or fingers across multiple frames in a sequence to identify gestures. The pose estimation function described herein can be alternated with motion tracking, such that patch-based pose estimation is performed only once every two (or more) frames, while tracking is used to find pose changes occurring in the remaining frames. Pose, motion, and gesture information is provided to an application running on controller 110 via the aforementioned API. This application can, for example, move and modify the image presented on display generation unit 120 in response to the pose and / or gesture information, or perform other functions.

[0181] In some implementations, gestures include air gestures. An air gesture is a gesture detected without the user touching an input element that is part of the device (e.g., computer system 101, one or more input devices 125 and / or hand tracking device 140) (or independent of an input element that is part of the device) and based on the detected movement of a part of the user's body (e.g., head, one or two arms, one or two hands, one or more fingers and / or one or two legs) through the air (including movement of the user's body relative to an absolute reference (e.g., the angle of the user's arm relative to the ground or the distance of the user's hand relative to the ground), movement relative to another part of the user's body (e.g., movement of the user's hand relative to the user's shoulder, movement of one of the user's hands relative to the user's other hand, and / or movement of the user's fingers relative to another finger or part of the user's hand), and / or absolute movement of a part of the user's body (e.g., including a tapping gesture in which the hand moves a predetermined amount and / or speed in a predetermined pose, or a shaking gesture including a predetermined speed or amount of rotation of a part of the user's body)).

[0182] In some embodiments, the input gestures used in the various examples and embodiments described herein include air gestures for interacting with an XR environment (e.g., a virtual or mixed reality environment) performed by the movement of a user's fingers relative to other fingers or portions of the user's hand. In some embodiments, air gestures are detected without the user touching an input element that is part of the device (or independently of an input element that is part of the device) and are based on the detected movement of a part of the user's body through the air (including movement of the user's body relative to an absolute reference (e.g., the angle of the user's arm relative to the ground or the distance of the user's hand relative to the ground), movement relative to another part of the user's body (e.g., movement of the user's hand relative to the user's shoulder, movement of one of the user's hands relative to the user's other hand, and / or movement of the user's fingers relative to another finger or portion of the user's hand), and / or absolute movement of a part of the user's body (e.g., a tapping gesture that includes the hand moving a predetermined amount and / or speed in a predetermined pose, or a shaking gesture that includes a predetermined speed or amount of rotation of a part of the user's body)).

[0183] In some implementations where the input gesture is an air gesture (e.g., where the input device provides information to the computer system about which user interface element is the target of the user input in the absence of physical contact, such as contact with a user interface element displayed on a touchscreen, or contact with a mouse or touchpad to move the cursor to a user interface element), the gesture takes into account the user's attention (e.g., gaze) to determine the target of the user input (e.g., for direct input, as described below). Therefore, in implementations involving air gestures, for example, the input gesture is combined with (e.g., simultaneously) movement of the user's fingers and / or hand to detect attention (e.g., gaze) toward a user interface element to perform pinch and / or tap input, as described below.

[0184] In some implementations, input gestures directed to a user interface object are performed, either directly or indirectly, by referencing the user interface object. For example, user input is performed directly on the user interface object based on the user's hand performing an input gesture at a location corresponding to the user interface object's position in the three-dimensional environment (e.g., determined based on the user's current viewpoint). In some implementations, when user attention to the user interface object (e.g., gazing) is detected, input gestures are performed indirectly on the user interface object based on the user's hand not being positioned at a location corresponding to the user interface object's position in the three-dimensional environment while the user is performing the input gesture. For example, for direct input gestures, the user can guide their input to the user interface object by initiating a gesture at or near a location corresponding to the user interface object's display position (e.g., within 0.5 cm, 1 cm, 5 cm, or a distance between 0 and 5 cm measured from the outer edge or center of the option). For indirect input gestures, the user can guide their input to the user interface object by focusing on it (e.g., by gazing at the user interface object), and while focusing on the option, the user initiates an input gesture (e.g., at any location detectable by the computer system) (e.g., at a location not corresponding to the user interface object's display position).

[0185] In some implementations, the input gestures (e.g., air gestures) used in the various examples and implementations described herein include pinch input and tap input for interacting with a virtual or mixed reality environment. For example, the pinch input and tap input described below are performed as air gestures.

[0186] In some implementations, pinch input is part of an air gesture that includes one or more of the following: a pinch gesture, a long pinch gesture, a pinch and drag gesture, or a double pinch gesture. For example, a pinch gesture as an air gesture includes the movement of two or more fingers of the hand to contact each other, i.e., optionally followed by an immediate (e.g., within 0 to 1 second) interruption of contact. A long pinch gesture as an air gesture includes the movement of two or more fingers of the hand to contact each other for at least a threshold amount of time (e.g., at least 1 second) before an interruption of contact is detected. For example, a long pinch gesture includes the user holding a pinch gesture (e.g., where two or more fingers are in contact), and the long pinch gesture continues until an interruption of contact between the two or more fingers is detected. In some implementations, a double pinch gesture as an air gesture includes two (e.g., more) pinch inputs (e.g., performed by the same hand) that are detected consecutively with each other immediately (e.g., within a predefined time period). For example, a user performs a first pinch input (e.g., a pinch input or a long pinch input), releases the first pinch input (e.g., interrupts the contact between two or more fingers), and performs a second pinch input within a predefined time period after releasing the first pinch input (e.g., within 1 second or within 2 seconds).

[0187] In some embodiments, pinch-and-drag gestures as air gestures (e.g., air drag gestures or air swipe gestures) include pinch gestures (e.g., pinch gestures or long pinch gestures) performed in conjunction with (e.g., following) a drag input that changes the user's hand position from a first position (e.g., the start position of the drag) to a second position (e.g., the end position of the drag). In some embodiments, the user holds the pinch gesture while performing the drag input and releases the pinch gesture (e.g., opening two or more of their fingers) to end the drag gesture (e.g., at the second position). In some embodiments, the pinch input and drag input are performed by the same hand (e.g., the user pinches two or more fingers together to touch each other and uses the drag gesture to move the same hand to the second position in the air). In some implementations, pinch input is performed by the user's first hand, and drag input is performed by the user's second hand (e.g., while the user continues pinch input with the user's first hand, the user's second hand moves in the air from a first position to a second position). In some implementations, input gestures as air gestures include inputs performed using both of the user's hands (e.g., pinch and / or tap inputs). For example, input gestures include two (e.g., more) pinch inputs performed in combination with each other (e.g., concurrently or within a predefined time period). For example, a first pinch gesture (e.g., pinch input, long pinch input, or pinch and drag input) is performed using the user's first hand, and a second pinch input is performed using the other hand (e.g., the second hand in the user's two hands).

[0188] In some implementations, a tap input performed as an air gesture (e.g., pointing at a user interface element) includes movement of a user's finger toward the user interface element, movement of the user's hand toward the user interface element (optionally, the user's finger extends toward the user interface element), downward movement of the user's finger (e.g., mimicking a mouse click or a tap on a touchscreen), or other predefined movements of the user's hand. In some implementations, the tap input performed as an air gesture is detected based on the movement characteristics of the finger or hand performing the tap gesture movement, which is the finger or hand moving away from the user's viewpoint and / or toward an object that is the target of the tap input, followed by the end of the movement. In some implementations, the end of the movement is detected based on changes in the movement characteristics of the finger or hand performing the tap gesture (e.g., the end of movement away from the user's viewpoint and / or toward an object that is the target of the tap input, a reversal of the direction of finger or hand movement, and / or a reversal of the acceleration direction of finger or hand movement).

[0189] In some implementations, the user's attention is determined to be directed to a portion of the 3D environment based on the detection of a gaze directed to that portion of the 3D environment (optionally, no other conditions are required). In some implementations, the user's attention is determined to be directed to that portion of the 3D environment based on the detection of a gaze directed to that portion of the 3D environment using one or more additional conditions, such as requiring the gaze to be directed to that portion of the 3D environment for at least a threshold duration (e.g., dwell time) and / or requiring the gaze to be directed to that portion of the 3D environment when the user's viewpoint is within a distance threshold from that portion of the 3D environment, so that the device determines that the user's attention is directed to that portion of the 3D environment, wherein if one of these additional conditions is not met, the device determines that the attention is not directed to the portion of the 3D environment to which the gaze is directed (e.g., until the one or more additional conditions are met).

[0190] In some implementations, the detection of the readiness configuration of a user or a portion of a user is performed by a computer system. The detection of the hand's readiness configuration is used by the computer system as an indication that the user may be preparing to interact with the computer system using one or more air gesture inputs performed by the hand (e.g., pinch, tap, pinch and drag, double pinch, long pinch, or other air gestures described herein). For example, the readiness of the hand is determined based on whether it has a predetermined hand shape (e.g., a pre-pinch shape with the thumb and one or more fingers extended and spaced apart in preparation for a pinch or grasping gesture, or a pre-tap with one or more fingers extended and the back of the hand facing the user), whether the hand is in a predetermined position relative to the user's viewpoint (e.g., below the user's head and above the user's waist and extending at least 15 cm, 20 cm, 25 cm, 30 cm, or 50 cm from the body), and / or whether the hand has moved in a particular manner (e.g., moving towards an area in front of the user above the user's waist and below the user's head, or moving away from the user's body or legs). In some implementations, the readiness state is used to determine whether an interactive element of the user interface responds to attentional (e.g., gaze) input.

[0191] In scenarios where input is described by reference to air gestures, it should be understood that hardware input devices attached to or held by one or both of the user's hands can be used to detect such gestures. Optical tracking, one or more accelerometers, one or more gyroscopes, one or more magnetometers, and / or one or more inertial measurement units can be used to track the spatial positioning of the hardware input device, and the positioning and / or movement of the hardware input device can be used in place of the positioning and / or movement of the one or two hands corresponding to the air gesture. Similarly, in scenarios where input is described by reference to air pose, it should be understood that hardware input devices attached to or held by one or both of the user's hands can be used to detect such poses. User input can be detected using controls contained in hardware input devices, such as one or more touch-sensitive input elements, one or more pressure-sensitive input elements, one or more buttons, one or more knobs, one or more dials, one or more joysticks, a hand or finger cover that can detect the position or positional change of a portion of a hand and / or finger relative to each other, relative to the user's body, and / or relative to the user's physical environment, and / or other hardware input device controls, wherein user input using controls contained in the hardware input device replaces hand and / or finger gestures such as air taps or air pinches in corresponding air gestures. For example, a selection input described as being performed using an air tap or air pinch input can alternatively be detected using button presses, taps on touch-sensitive surfaces, presses on pressure-sensitive surfaces, or other hardware inputs. As another example, motion input described as being performed using air pinch and drag (e.g., air drag gestures or air swipe gestures) can be optionally detected based on interaction with hardware input controls (such as button press and hold, touch on a touch-sensitive surface, press on a pressure-sensitive surface, or other hardware input following movement of a hardware input device (e.g., a hand associated with the hardware input device) through space). Similarly, two-handed input involving movement of hands relative to each other can be performed using an air gesture and a hardware input device not in the hand performing the air gesture, two hardware input devices held in different hands, or two air gestures performed by different hands using air gestures and / or inputs detected by one or more of the aforementioned hardware input devices.

[0192] In some embodiments, the software may be downloaded to controller 110 electronically, for example, via a network, or alternatively, may be provided on a tangible, non-transitory medium such as an optical, magnetic, or electronic memory medium. In some embodiments, database 408 is also stored in memory associated with controller 110. Alternatively or additionally, some or all of the described functions of the computer may be implemented in dedicated hardware, such as custom or semi-custom integrated circuits or programmable digital signal processors (DSPs). Although in Figure 4 The controller 110 is shown, but for example, as a separate unit from the image sensor 404, some or all of the controller's processing functions may be performed by a suitable microprocessor and software, or by dedicated circuitry within the housing of the image sensor 404 (e.g., a hand-tracking device), or by other devices associated with the image sensor 404. In some embodiments, at least some of these processing functions may be performed by a suitable processor integrated with the display generation component 120 (e.g., in a television receiver, handheld device, or head-mounted device) or with any other suitable computerized device (such as a game console or media player). The sensing function of the image sensor 404 may also be integrated into a computer or other computerized device controlled by the sensor output.

[0193] Figure 4 It also includes a schematic diagram of a depth map 410 captured by image sensor 404 according to some embodiments. As described above, the depth map comprises a matrix of pixels with corresponding depth values. Pixel 412 corresponding to hand 406 has been segmented from the background and wrist in the map. The brightness of each pixel within the depth map 410 is inversely proportional to its depth value (i.e., the measured z-distance from image sensor 404), where gray shadows become darker as depth increases. Controller 110 processes these depth values ​​to identify and segment components of the image that have human hand characteristics (i.e., a group of adjacent pixels). These characteristics may include, for example, overall size, shape, and frame-to-frame motion from the depth map sequence.

[0194] Figure 4 The controller 110 also schematically illustrates, according to some embodiments, the hand skeleton 414 ultimately extracted from the depth map 410 of the hand 406. Figure 4 In this configuration, the hand skeleton 414 is superimposed on the hand background 416, which has already been segmented from the original depth map. In some embodiments, key feature points of the hand, and optionally those on the wrist or arm connected to the hand (e.g., points corresponding to knuckles, fingertips, the center of the palm, the end of the hand connecting to the wrist, etc.), are identified and located on the hand skeleton 414. In some embodiments, the controller 110 uses the position and movement of these key feature points across multiple image frames to determine, according to some embodiments, the gesture performed by the hand or the current state of the hand.

[0195] Figure 5 An eye-tracking device 130 is illustrated. Figure 1A Example implementation of ). In some implementations, the eye-tracking device 130 consists of an eye-tracking unit 243 ( Figure 2The eye-tracking device 130 is controlled to track the positioning and movement of a user's gaze relative to scene 105 or relative to XR content displayed via display generation component 120. In some embodiments, the eye-tracking device 130 is integrated with the display generation component 120. For example, in some embodiments, when the display generation component 120 is a head-mounted device (such as a head-mounted device, helmet, goggles, or glasses) or a handheld device placed in a wearable frame, the head-mounted device includes both components for generating XR content for the user to view and components for tracking the user's gaze relative to the XR content. In some embodiments, the eye-tracking device 130 is separate from the display generation component 120. For example, when the display generation component is a handheld device or an XR room, the eye-tracking device 130 is optionally a separate device from the handheld device or XR room. In some embodiments, the eye-tracking device 130 is a head-mounted device or part of a head-mounted device. In some embodiments, the head-mounted eye-tracking device 130 is optionally used in conjunction with a display generation component that is also head-mounted or not head-mounted. In some embodiments, the eye-tracking device 130 is not a head-mounted device and is optionally used in conjunction with head-mounted display generation components. In some embodiments, the eye-tracking device 130 is not a head-mounted device and is optionally part of non-head-mounted display generation components.

[0196] In some embodiments, the display generation unit 120 uses display mechanisms (e.g., a left near-eye display panel and a right near-eye display panel) to display frames including left and right images in front of the user's eyes, thereby providing the user with a 3D virtual view. For example, the head-mounted display generation unit may include left and right optical lenses (referred to herein as eye lenses) located between the display and the user's eyes. In some embodiments, the display generation unit may include or be coupled to one or more external cameras that capture video of the user's environment for display. In some embodiments, the head-mounted display generation unit may have a transparent or semi-transparent display on which virtual objects are displayed, allowing the user to view the physical environment directly through the transparent or semi-transparent display. In some embodiments, the display generation unit projects virtual objects onto the physical environment. The virtual objects may be projected, for example, onto a physical surface or as holograms, allowing an individual to observe virtual objects superimposed on the physical environment using the system. In this case, separate display panels and image frames for the left and right eyes may not be necessary.

[0197] like Figure 5As shown, in some embodiments, eye-tracking device 130 (e.g., gaze tracking device) includes at least one eye-tracking camera (e.g., an infrared (IR) or near-infrared (NIR) camera) and an illumination source (e.g., an array or ring of IR or NIR light sources, such as LEDs) that emits light (e.g., IR or NIR light) toward the user's eye. The eye-tracking camera may be pointed at the user's eye to receive IR or NIR light reflected directly from the eye, or alternatively, it may be pointed at "hot" mirrors located between the user's eye and the display panel, which reflect the IR or NIR light from the eye back to the eye-tracking camera while allowing visible light to pass through. Eye-tracking device 130 optionally captures images of the user's eyes (e.g., as a video stream captured at 60-120 frames per second (fps), analyzes these images to generate gaze tracking information, and transmits the gaze tracking information to controller 110. In some embodiments, the user's two eyes are tracked separately using corresponding eye-tracking cameras and illumination sources. In some embodiments, only one of the user's eyes is tracked using corresponding eye-tracking cameras and illumination sources.

[0198] In some implementations, a device-specific calibration procedure is used to calibrate the eye-tracking device 130 to determine parameters for the eye-tracking device in a specific operating environment 100, such as the 3D geometry and parameters of the LEDs, camera, thermal mirror (if present), eye lenses, and display. The device-specific calibration procedure can be performed at a factory or another facility before the AR / VR equipment is delivered to the end user. The device-specific calibration procedure can be automated or manual. According to some implementations, a user-specific calibration procedure may include estimations of eye parameters for a specific user, such as pupil position, foveal position, optical axis, visual axis, interocular distance, etc. According to some implementations, once the device-specific and user-specific parameters for the eye-tracking device 130 are determined, a flash-assisted method can be used to process the images captured by the eye-tracking camera to determine the current visual axis and the user's gaze point relative to the display.

[0199] like Figure 5As shown, the eye-tracking device 130 (e.g., 130A or 130B) includes an eye lens 520 and a gaze tracking system. The gaze tracking system includes at least one eye-tracking camera 540 (e.g., an infrared (IR) or near-infrared (NIR) camera) positioned on the side of the user's face where eye tracking is performed, and an illumination source 530 (e.g., an IR or NIR light source, such as an array or ring of NIR light-emitting diodes (LEDs)) that emits light (e.g., IR or NIR light) toward the user's eye 592. The eye-tracking camera 540 may be pointed toward a mirror 550 located between the user's eye 592 and a display 510 (e.g., the left or right display panel of a head-mounted display, or the display of a handheld device, projector, etc.). These mirrors reflect the IR or NIR light from the eye 592 while allowing visible light to pass through. Figure 5 (as shown in the top portion), or alternatively, it can be pointed towards the user's eye 592 to receive reflected IR or NIR light from the eye 592 (e.g., as shown in the top portion), Figure 5 (As shown in the bottom part).

[0200] In some implementations, controller 110 renders AR or VR frames 562 (e.g., left and right frames for the left and right display panels) and provides frames 562 to display 510. Controller 110 uses gaze tracking input 542 from eye-tracking camera 540 for various purposes, such as processing frame 562 for display. Controller 110 optionally estimates the user's gaze point on display 510 based on the gaze tracking input 542 obtained from eye-tracking camera 540 using a flash-assisted method or other suitable method. The gaze point estimated based on gaze tracking input 542 is optionally used to determine the direction the user is currently looking.

[0201] The following describes several possible use cases for the user's current gaze direction and is not intended to be limiting. As an example use case, controller 110 may render virtual content differently based on the determined direction of the user's gaze. For example, controller 110 may generate virtual content at a higher resolution in the concave region determined according to the user's current gaze direction than in the peripheral region. As another example, the controller may position or move virtual content in the view based at least partially on the user's current gaze direction. As yet another example, the controller may display specific virtual content in the view based at least partially on the user's current gaze direction. As another example use case in an AR application, controller 110 may guide an external camera used to capture the physical environment of an XR experience to focus in the determined direction. The external camera's autofocus mechanism may then focus on an object or surface in the environment that the user is currently looking at on display 510. As another example use case, eye lens 520 may be a focusable lens, and the controller uses gaze tracking information to adjust the focus of eye lens 520 so that the virtual object the user is currently looking at has appropriate convergence / divergence to match the convergence of the user's eyes 592. The controller 110 can use gaze tracking information to guide the eye lens 520 to adjust its focus so that the nearby object that the user is looking at appears at the correct distance.

[0202] In some embodiments, the eye-tracking device is part of a head-mounted device that includes a display (e.g., display 510), two eye lenses (e.g., eye lens 520), an eye-tracking camera (e.g., eye-tracking camera 540), and a light source (e.g., illumination source 530 (e.g., IR or NIR LED)). The light source emits light (e.g., IR or NIR light) toward the user's eyes 592. In some embodiments, the light source may be arranged in a ring or circle around each lens in the head-mounted device, such as... Figure 5 As shown. In some embodiments, for example, eight light sources 530 (e.g., LEDs) are arranged around each lens 520. However, more or fewer light sources 530 may be used, and other arrangements and positions of the light sources 530 may be used.

[0203] In some embodiments, the display 510 emits light in the visible light range and does not emit light in the IR or NIR range, and therefore does not introduce noise into the gaze tracking system. It should be noted that the positions and angles of the eye-tracking camera 540 are given by way of example and are not intended to be limiting. In some embodiments, a single eye-tracking camera 540 is located on each side of the user's face. In some embodiments, two or more NIR cameras 540 may be used on each side of the user's face. In some embodiments, cameras 540 with a wider field of view (FOV) and cameras 540 with a narrower FOV may be used on each side of the user's face. In some embodiments, cameras 540 operating at one wavelength (e.g., 850 nm) and cameras 540 operating at different wavelengths (e.g., 940 nm) may be used on each side of the user's face.

[0204] like Figure 5 The gaze tracking system implementations illustrated herein can be used, for example, in computer-generated reality, virtual reality, and / or mixed reality applications to provide users with computer-generated reality, virtual reality, augmented reality, and / or augmented virtual experiences.

[0205] Figure 6 Examples of flash-assisted gaze tracking pipelines according to some embodiments are illustrated. In some embodiments, the gaze tracking pipeline uses a flash-assisted gaze tracking system (e.g., such as...) Figure 1A and Figure 5 The eye-tracking device 130 shown is used to implement this. The flash-assisted gaze tracking system can maintain a tracking state. Initially, the tracking state is off or "no". When in tracking state, the flash-assisted gaze tracking system uses previous information from previous frames when analyzing the current frame to track the pupil outline and flash in the current frame. When not in tracking state, the flash-assisted gaze tracking system attempts to detect the pupil and flash in the current frame, and if successful, initializes the tracking state to "yes" and continues to the next frame in tracking state.

[0206] like Figure 6 As shown, the gaze-tracking camera captures left and right images of the user's left and right eyes. The captured images are then fed into a gaze-tracking pipeline for processing to begin at 610. As indicated by the arrow returning to element 600, the gaze-tracking system can continue capturing images of the user's eyes, for example, at a rate of 60 to 120 frames per second. In some embodiments, each set of captured images can be fed into the pipeline for processing. However, in some embodiments or under certain conditions, not all captured frames are processed by the pipeline.

[0207] At 610, for the currently captured image, if the tracking state is yes, the method proceeds to element 640. At 610, if the tracking state is no, the image is analyzed to detect the user's pupil and flash, as indicated at 620. At 630, if the pupil and flash are successfully detected, the method proceeds to element 640. Otherwise, the method returns to element 610 to process the next image of the user's eye.

[0208] At 640, if proceeding from element 610, the current frame is analyzed to track the pupil and flashes in part based on previous information from the previous frame. At 640, if proceeding from element 630, the tracking state is initialized based on the pupil and flashes detected in the current frame. The processing result at element 640 is checked to verify that the tracking or detection result is credible. For example, the result may be checked to determine whether a sufficient number of pupils and flashes used for gaze estimation were successfully tracked or detected in the current frame. At 650, if the result is not credible, the tracking state is set to no at element 660, and the method returns to element 610 to process the next image of the user's eye. At 650, if the result is credible, the method proceeds to element 670. At 670, the tracking state is set to yes (if not already yes), and the pupil and flash information is passed to element 680 to estimate the user's gaze point.

[0209] Figure 6 This is intended as an example of an eye-tracking technology that can be used in a particular specific implementation. As will be recognized by those skilled in the art, in a computer system 101 for providing an XR experience to a user, other eye-tracking technologies that are currently available or will be developed in the future may be used to replace or in combination with the flash-assisted eye-tracking technology described herein, depending on the various implementations.

[0210] In some implementations, a portion of the captured real-world environment 602 is used to provide an XR experience to the user, such as a mixed reality environment in which one or more virtual objects are overlaid on a representation of the real-world environment 602.

[0211] Therefore, this description describes some embodiments of a three-dimensional environment (e.g., an XR environment) that includes representations of real-world objects and virtual objects. For example, the three-dimensional environment optionally includes a representation of a table existing in a physical environment, which is captured and displayed in the three-dimensional environment (e.g., actively displayed via a camera and display of a computer system or passively displayed via a transparent or semi-transparent display of a computer system). As previously described, the three-dimensional environment is optionally a mixed reality system, wherein the three-dimensional environment is based on a physical environment captured by one or more sensors of a computer system and displayed via a display generation component. As a mixed reality system, the computer system is optionally capable of selectively displaying portions and / or objects of the physical environment such that the corresponding portions and / or objects of the physical environment appear as if they exist in the three-dimensional environment displayed by the computer system. Similarly, the computer system is optionally capable of displaying virtual objects in the three-dimensional environment to appear as if the virtual objects exist in the real world (e.g., the physical environment) by placing virtual objects in the three-dimensional environment at corresponding locations in the real world that have corresponding positions in the three-dimensional environment. For example, the computer system optionally displays a vase such that the vase appears as if a real vase were placed on top of a table in the physical environment. In some implementations, a corresponding location in the three-dimensional environment has a corresponding location in the physical environment. Therefore, when a computer system is described as displaying a virtual object at a corresponding location relative to a physical object (e.g., such as at or near a user's hand or at or near a physical table), the computer system displays the virtual object at a specific location in the three-dimensional environment such that it appears as if the virtual object were at or near a physical object in the physical environment (e.g., the virtual object is displayed in the three-dimensional environment at a location in the physical environment that would be displayed if the virtual object were a real object at that specific location).

[0212] In some implementations, real-world objects that exist in a physical environment and are displayed in a 3D environment (e.g., and / or visible via display-generated components) can interact with virtual objects that exist only in the 3D environment. For example, the 3D environment may include a table and a vase placed on top of the table, where the table is a view (or representation) of a physical table in the physical environment, and the vase is a virtual object.

[0213] In a three-dimensional environment (e.g., a real environment, a virtual environment, or a hybrid environment including both real and virtual objects), an object is sometimes referred to as having depth or simulated depth, or as being visible, displayed, or placed at different depths. In this context, depth refers to a dimension other than height or width. In some embodiments, depth is defined relative to a fixed set of coordinates (e.g., where a room or object has a height, depth, and width defined relative to a fixed set of coordinates). In some embodiments, depth is defined relative to a user's position or viewpoint, in which case the depth dimension varies based on the user's position and / or the position and angle of the user's viewpoint. In some embodiments where depth is defined relative to the user's location relative to a surface of the environment (e.g., the surface of the environment's floor or ground), objects further away from the user along lines extending parallel to the surface are considered to have greater depth in the environment, and / or the depth of an object is measured along an axis extending outward from the user's position and parallel to the surface of the environment (e.g., depth is defined in a cylindrical or substantially cylindrical coordinate system, where the user's position is at the center of a cylinder extending from the user's head toward the user's feet). In some embodiments where depth is defined relative to the user's viewpoint (e.g., a direction relative to a point in space that determines which part of the environment is visible via a head-mounted device or other display), objects further away from the user's viewpoint along a line extending parallel to the user's viewpoint are considered to have greater depth in the environment, and / or the depth of an object is measured along an axis extending outward from a line extending from and parallel to the user's viewpoint (e.g., defining depth in a spherical or substantially spherical coordinate system, where the origin of the viewpoint is at the center of a sphere extending outward from the user's head). In some embodiments, depth is defined relative to a user interface container (e.g., a window or application displaying application and / or system content), where the user interface container has a height and / or width, and depth is a dimension orthogonal to the height and / or width of the user interface container. In some implementations, when a depth is defined relative to a user interface container, when the container is placed in a three-dimensional environment or initially displayed (e.g., such that the container's depth dimension extends outward away from the user or the user's viewpoint), the container's height and / or width are typically orthogonal or substantially orthogonal to a straight line extending from the user's location (e.g., the user's viewpoint or the user's position) to the user interface container (e.g., the center of the user interface container or another feature point of the user interface container). In some implementations, when a depth is defined relative to a user interface container, the object's depth relative to the user interface container refers to the object's positioning along the depth dimension of the user interface container. In some implementations, multiple different containers may have different depth dimensions (e.g., different depth dimensions extending away from the user or the user's viewpoint in different directions and / or from different starting points).In some implementations, when depth is defined relative to a user interface container, the orientation of the depth dimension remains constant relative to the user interface container as the position of the user interface container changes, or as the user and / or the user's viewpoint changes (e.g., when multiple different viewers are viewing the same container in a 3D environment, such as during a collaborative session and / or when multiple participants are in a real-time communication session with shared virtual content including the container). In some implementations, for curved containers (e.g., containers including areas with curved surfaces or curved contents), the depth dimension optionally extends into the surface of the curved container. In some cases, z-interval (e.g., the distance between two objects in the depth dimension), z-height (e.g., the distance of one object from another in the depth dimension), z-position (e.g., the position of an object in the depth dimension), z-depth (e.g., the position of an object in the depth dimension), or simulated z-dimensionality (e.g., depth used as a dimension of an object, a dimension of the environment, an orientation in space, and / or an orientation in simulated space) are used to refer to the concept of depth as described above.

[0214] In some implementations, a user may optionally be able to interact with virtual objects in a three-dimensional environment using one or both hands as if the virtual objects were real objects in the physical environment. For example, as described above, one or more sensors of the computer system may optionally capture one or both of the user's hands and display a representation of the user's hands in the three-dimensional environment (e.g., in a manner similar to displaying real-world objects in the three-dimensional environment described above). Alternatively, in some implementations, the user's hands may be seen via the display generating component, through the ability to see the physical environment through the user interface, due to the transparency / semi-transparency of a portion of the user interface being displayed by the display generating component, or due to the projection of the user interface onto a transparent / semi-transparent surface or onto the user's eyes or into the user's field of view. Thus, in some implementations, the user's hands are displayed at corresponding locations in the three-dimensional environment and are treated as if they were objects in the three-dimensional environment that can interact with virtual objects in the three-dimensional environment as if these virtual objects were physical objects in the physical environment. In some implementations, the computer system may update the display of the user's hand representation in the three-dimensional environment in conjunction with the movement of the user's hands in the physical environment.

[0215] In some embodiments described below, the computer system optionally determines the “effective” distance between a physical object in the physical world and a virtual object in a three-dimensional environment, for example, to determine whether a physical object is directly interacting with a virtual object (e.g., whether a hand is touching, grasping, holding, or within a threshold distance of a virtual object). For example, a hand directly interacting with a virtual object optionally includes one or more of the following: a finger pressing a virtual button, a user’s hand grasping a virtual vase, a user’s hand clasped together to pinch / hold the application’s user interface, and two fingers performing any other type of interaction described herein. For example, the computer system optionally determines the distance between a user’s hand and a virtual object when determining whether and / or how a user is interacting with a virtual object. In some embodiments, the computer system determines the distance between a user’s hand and a virtual object by determining the distance between the position of a hand in the three-dimensional environment and the position of the virtual object of interest in the three-dimensional environment. For example, a user's one or both hands are located at a specific location in the physical world. The computer system optionally captures the one or both hands and displays them at a specific corresponding location in a three-dimensional environment (e.g., the location where the hand would be displayed in the three-dimensional environment if it were a virtual hand rather than a physical hand). Optionally, the location of the hand in the three-dimensional environment is compared with the location of a virtual object of interest in the three-dimensional environment to determine the distance between the user's one or both hands and the virtual object. In some embodiments, the computer system optionally determines the distance between a physical object and a virtual object by comparing locations in the physical world (e.g., rather than comparing locations in the three-dimensional environment). For example, when determining the distance between a user's one or both hands and a virtual object, the computer system optionally determines the corresponding location of the virtual object in the physical world (e.g., the location where the virtual object would be located in the physical world if it were a physical object rather than a virtual object), and then determines the distance between the corresponding physical location and the user's one or both hands. In some embodiments, the same technique is optionally used to determine the distance between any physical object and any virtual object. Therefore, as described herein, when determining whether a physical object is in contact with a virtual object or whether a physical object is within a threshold distance of a virtual object, the computer system may optionally perform any of the techniques described above to map the position of the physical object to the three-dimensional environment and / or map the position of the virtual object to the physical environment.

[0216] In some implementations, the same or similar techniques are used to determine where and what the user's gaze (e.g., via 130) is pointing, and / or where and what the physical stylus held by the user is pointing. For example, if the user's gaze is pointing to a specific location in the physical environment, the computer system optionally determines a corresponding location in the three-dimensional environment (e.g., a virtual location of the gaze), and if a virtual object is located at that corresponding virtual location, the computer system optionally determines that the user's gaze is pointing to that virtual object. Similarly, the computer system may optionally be able to determine the direction in which the stylus is pointing in the physical environment based on the orientation of the physical stylus. In some implementations, based on this determination, the computer system determines a corresponding virtual location in the three-dimensional environment corresponding to the location pointed to by the stylus in the physical environment, and optionally determines that the stylus is pointing to the corresponding virtual location in the three-dimensional environment.

[0217] Similarly, the embodiments described herein may refer to the location of a user (e.g., a user of a computer system) in a three-dimensional environment and / or the location of the computer system in a three-dimensional environment. In some embodiments, the user of the computer system is holding, wearing, or otherwise located at or near the computer system. Thus, in some embodiments, the location of the computer system serves as a proxy for the location of the user. In some embodiments, the location of the computer system and / or the user in the physical environment corresponds to a corresponding location in the three-dimensional environment. For example, the location of the computer system would be its location in the physical environment (and its corresponding location in the three-dimensional environment) such that, if the user stands at that location facing the corresponding portion of the physical environment visible via the display generation component, the user will see from that location objects in the physical environment that are positioned, oriented, and / or sized (e.g., in an absolute sense and / or relative to each other) in the same way as objects displayed or visible in the three-dimensional environment by or via the display generation component of the computer system. Similarly, if the virtual objects displayed in a 3D environment are physical objects in a physical environment (e.g., physical objects placed in the physical environment at the same location as these virtual objects in the 3D environment, and physical objects in the physical environment having the same size and orientation as in the 3D environment), then the position of the computer system and / or the user is the position from which the user will see these virtual objects in the physical environment at the same location, orientation, and / or size (e.g., in an absolute sense and / or relative to each other and real-world objects) as the virtual objects displayed in the 3D environment by the display generation components of the computer system.

[0218] In this disclosure, various input methods are described in relation to interaction with a computer system. When an example is provided using one input device or method, and another example is provided using another input device or method, it should be understood that each example is compatible with and optionally utilizes the input device or method described with respect to the other example. Similarly, various output methods are described in relation to interaction with a computer system. When an example is provided using one output device or method, and another example is provided using another output device or method, it should be understood that each example is compatible with and optionally utilizes the output device or method described with respect to the other example. Similarly, various methods are described in relation to interaction with a virtual or mixed reality environment via a computer system. When an example is provided using interaction with a virtual environment, and another example is provided using a mixed reality environment, it should be understood that each example is compatible with and optionally utilizes the methods described with respect to the other example. Therefore, this disclosure discloses embodiments that are combinations of features of a plurality of examples without exhaustively listing all features of the embodiments in the description of each example embodiment.

[0219] User interface and related processes Now turn attention to implementations of user interfaces (“UIs”) and associated processes that can be implemented on computer systems (such as portable multifunction devices or head-mounted devices) having display generation components, one or more input devices, and (optionally) one or more cameras.

[0220] Figures 7A to 7R Exemplary user interfaces for managing controls used to change audio output are illustrated according to some implementation schemes. The user interfaces in these figures are used to illustrate the processes described below, including... Figures 8A to 8B The process in.

[0221] Figure 7AAn example of a computer system 700 is illustrated as a tablet computer. However, in some embodiments, the computer system 700 is a different computer system, such as an HMD device, smartphone, tablet computer, fitness tracker, and / or smartwatch. In some embodiments, the computer system 700 includes a display generation component, which is a semi-transparent and / or transparent display that allows one or more physical objects to "pass through," making one or more physical objects visible to a user (e.g., in an AR or XR environment). In some embodiments, the computer system 700 displays one or more virtual objects in a physical environment that are allowed to "pass through" the viewpoint of the computer system 700. In some embodiments, the display generation component operates in a mode in which the display generation component does not allow one or more physical objects to "pass through," and the display generation component displays one or more virtual objects in a virtual environment. In some embodiments, the computer system 700 includes one or more sensors and / or input / output devices, such as audio output devices. It should be understood that, although Figures 7A to 7R The detection of tap input, drag input, and / or other touch input is used to explain one or more techniques described herein; however, one or more other types of gestures (such as air gestures, mouse clicks, voice commands, and / or gaze input) may be replaced by and / or added to one or more tap inputs, drag inputs, and / or other touch inputs described herein to perform one or more of the described operations. It should also be understood that the discussion of adjusting audio controls in computer system 700 includes computer system 700 adjusting the audio level corresponding to the control, such as the application's audio level, system audio level, ambient sounds, and / or communication media (e.g., telephone calls and / or video calls).

[0222] Figures 7A to 7R Examples of one or more scenarios for adjusting various audio levels are illustrated. In some embodiments, when adjusting the master audio level, one or more individual audio levels are adjusted proportionally to the master audio level and / or proportionally to each other. In some embodiments, when adjusting individual audio levels, one or more other individual audio levels are not adjusted, and furthermore, the master audio level may be adjusted when a set of one or more conditions is determined to be met. In some embodiments, after adjusting one audio level among the various audio levels, the ratio between the adjusted audio level and the other audio level is different. Figure 7AAs shown, computer system 700 displays a main screen user interface 710 including one or more icons. Overlaid on the main screen user interface is an audio control center 718, which includes a main audio control 720 and individual audio controls 722. The main audio control 720 is an audio control that allows computer system 700 to adjust the audio levels of multiple applications and / or adjust system-level audio. The individual audio controls 722 are controls for controlling individual applications, ambient sounds, and / or communications (e.g., people and / or communication applications, such as telephone calls and / or voice calls). As part of the various audio controls 722, computer system 700 displays a video chat audio control 722a and a television application audio control 722b. Figure 7A As shown, computer system 700 displays an application icon 724a to the left of video chat control 722a. Application icon 724a includes an avatar of the person currently communicating with the user of computer system 700 via the video chat application. Similarly, computer system 700 displays an application icon 724b to the left of TV application audio control 722b, where application icon 724b is the icon of the TV application corresponding to TV application audio control 722b. Figure 7A In the middle, the computer system 700 detects a right-drag input 705a pointing to the main audio control 720 (e.g., on it and / or at its corresponding position).

[0223] exist Figure 7B In response to detecting a rightward drag input 705a, computer system 700 adjusts the main audio control 720 by 20%, wherein the main audio control 720 is adjusted from... Figure 7A 50% of the audio level (e.g., its corresponding positioning) is moved to Figure 7B 70% of the audio level. In Figure 7B In response to detecting a rightward drag input 705a, the computer system 700 proportionally adjusts the audio level of the application corresponding to the individual control 722 based on adjustments to the main audio control 720 (and / or adjustments to the main audio level). Figure 7B As shown, computer system 700 has removed the video chat audio control 722a from... Figure 7A Adjust the 30% audio level to 20%. Figure 7B 50% of the audio level. Additionally, such as Figure 7B As shown, computer system 700 also transfers the TV audio control 722b from... Figure 7A Adjust the audio level from 10% to 20%. Figure 7B 30% of the audio level. For example... Figures 7A to 7BAs shown, the video chat audio control 722a and the TV audio control 722b (and the corresponding audio) are scaled in response to the detection of input to the main audio control 720, rather than in response to the detection of input to each individual control. In some implementations, in response to the detection of input to the main audio control 720, the audio controls are scaled proportionally. Figures 7A to 7B When a hand gesture 701 makes an air gesture (e.g., an air swipe, an air flick, and / or an air gesture detected based on a body part moving from one location in the environment to another), computer system 700 performs one or more operations described above with respect to the detection of input 705a, such as adjusting the audio level of one or more applications. Figure 7B In the middle, the computer system 700 detects a right-drag input 705b pointing to the video chat audio control 722a (e.g., when the user's gaze or attention is directed to the video chat audio control 722a).

[0224] like Figure 7C As shown, in response to detecting a rightward drag input 705b, the computer system 700 adjusts the video chat audio control 722a by 10% (e.g., from...). Figure 7B Adjust the audio level to 50%. Figure 7C (60% audio level), without adjusting the main audio control 720 and the TV application audio control 722b. Therefore, in Figures 7B to 7C In this case, computer system 700 adjusts the audio level corresponding to a single application, but not the audio level corresponding to other applications. For example... Figure 7C As shown, computer system 700 detects that one or more people have joined the video chat application and updates the application icon 724a to reflect the current state of the video application (e.g., three people are in a video chat). In some implementations, in response to detecting that one or more people have joined the video chat application... Figure 7B When a hand gesture 701 makes an air gesture (e.g., an air swipe, an air flick, and / or an air gesture detected based on a body part moving from one location in the environment to another location in the environment), computer system 700 performs one or more operations described above with respect to the detection of input 705b, such as adjusting the audio level of one or more applications (e.g., when the user's gaze or attention is directed to an audio level control), or moving the user interface of one or more applications (e.g., when the user's gaze or attention is directed to the user interface of an application or when the application moves an indication of the application for moving the application).

[0225] Figures 7D to 7F This illustrates a scenario where the computer system 700 adjusts the main audio level when a single audio level is adjusted to a value greater than the main audio level. Figure 7CAt this point, computer system 700 detects the first part of the right-drag input 705d pointing to the audio control 722b of the TV application. (As...) Figure 7D As shown, in response to detecting the first part of the rightward drag input 705d, the computer system 700 adjusts the audio level of the TV application corresponding to the TV application audio control 722b, and displays that it has been adjusted by 20% (e.g., from...). Figure 7C 30% of the audio level Figure 7D The TV application audio control 722b (50% audio level). Figure 7D As shown, in response to detecting a rightward drag input 705d, neither the video chat application control 722a nor the main audio control 720 is adjusted. Figure 7D At this point, computer system 700 detects the second part of the right-drag input 705d pointing to the audio control 722b of the TV application. (As...) Figure 7E As shown, in response to detecting the second part of the rightward drag input 705d, the computer system 700 adjusts the audio level of the TV application and displays that it has been adjusted by 20% (e.g., from...). Figure 7D 50% of the audio level Figure 7E The audio control 722b in the TV application (with an audio level of 70%). In response to detecting the second part of the right-drag input 705d, the computer system 700 still does not adjust the audio level corresponding to the main audio level and the audio level corresponding to the video chat application control 722a. Figure 7E At this point, computer system 700 detects the third part of the right-drag input 705d pointing to the audio control 722b of the TV application. (As...) Figure 7F As shown, in response to detecting the third part of the input 705d being dragged to the right, the computer system 700 adjusts the audio level of the television application and displays that it has been adjusted by 20% (e.g., from...). Figure 7E 70% of the audio level Figure 7F The TV application audio controls 722b (90% audio level) are available. However, in... Figure 7FIn the process, it is determined that the TV application is outputting audio at the highest audio level from an audio source with audio output by the computer system 700. Based on this determination, the computer system 700 updates the master audio level so that it is adjusted to match the audio level corresponding to the TV application audio control 722b. In some embodiments, when the computer system 700 detects the third part of dragging input 705d to the right, the computer system 700 displays the TV application audio control 722b and the master audio control 720, and adjusts the TV application audio control and the master audio control sequentially after the value of the TV application audio control 722b reaches the value of the master audio control 720 (e.g., within and / or exceeding the value by a certain amount). In some embodiments, in response to the detection of... Figures 7C to 7E When a hand gesture 701 makes an air gesture (e.g., an air swipe, an air flick, and / or an air gesture detected based on a body part moving from one location in the environment to another location in the environment), the computer system 700 performs one or more operations described above with respect to the detection of input 705d, such as adjusting the audio level of one or more applications (e.g., when the user's gaze or attention is directed to an audio level control), or moving the user interface of one or more applications (e.g., when the user's gaze or attention is directed to the user interface of an application or when the application moves a gesture indicator for moving the application).

[0226] Figures 7G to 7H Alternative scenarios for displaying newly detected audio sources are illustrated. In some embodiments, computer system 700 displays audio controls for newly detected audio sources after detecting one or more inputs, such as voice commands, air gestures, and / or touch gestures. In some embodiments, computer system 700 displays audio controls for newly detected audio sources without detecting user input, such as after detecting that someone has initiated a video call and / or telephone call with a user of computer system 700.

[0227] Figure 7G An example is shown where, in response to computer system 700 detecting that an audiobook application has begun outputting audio (e.g., as indicated by the audiobook application user interface 712 being displayed), computer system 700 displays an audiobook application audio control 722c and an audiobook application icon 724c. Figure 7GIn this implementation, computer system 700 initially displays audio control 722c of an audiobook application with a historical audio level associated with it (and / or the audio application is outputting audio at that historical audio level). In some embodiments, the historical audio level is determined based on the most recent audio level that the audiobook application caused computer system 700 to output (e.g., when the audiobook application was last active). In some embodiments, the historical audio level is determined based on the most frequent audio level that the audiobook application caused computer system 700 to output (e.g., within a predetermined time period, such as a week, a month, a year, etc.).

[0228] As an alternative solution Figure 7H An example is illustrated where, in response to a computer system 700 detecting that an audiobook application has begun outputting audio, the computer system 700 displays the audiobook audio control 722c at the same audio level (e.g., 90%) corresponding to the main audio control 720. Here, the computer system 700 outputs the newly detected audio source at an audio level corresponding to the main audio control, rather than at an audio level corresponding to a historical audio level of a particular audio control. In some embodiments, whether the computer system 700 outputs the newly detected audio at a historical audio level or at an audio level corresponding to the main audio control is determined by a set state. In some embodiments, in response to a selection of a setting, the computer system 700 switches between outputting the newly detected audio at a historical audio level and outputting the newly detected audio at the main audio level.

[0229] Figures 7H to 7K One or more scenarios are illustrated, where the number of currently detected audio sources affects the display of the main audio control. Figure 7H At this point, computer system 700 has detected that the audiobook application is no longer active (and / or has stopped outputting audio). Figure 7I As shown, in response to the detection that the audiobook application is no longer active, computer system 700 stops displaying. Figure 7H Audio control 722c for audiobooks. Figure 7I At that point, computer system 700 subsequently detected that the TV application was no longer active. (As...) Figure 7J As shown, in response to the detection that the TV application is no longer active, computer system 700 stops displaying. Figure 7I The TV application audio control 722b. Additionally, in Figure 7I At this point, it is determined that the video chat application is the only application audio source actively causing the computer system 700 to output audio (and / or fewer than a predetermined number (e.g., 1 to 10) of audio sources are causing the computer system 700 to output audio). Therefore, in Figure 7JAt that location, computer system 700 Figure 7H The main audio control 720 is positioned to display the video chat audio control 722a, and the main audio control 720 is stopped from being displayed. In addition to stopping the main audio control 720 from being displayed, the computer system 700 also stops displaying... Figure 7H The optional view control 720a. In Figure 7K At this point, computer system 700 detects that the TV application has become active (e.g., it has started outputting audio to computer system 700).

[0230] like Figure 7K As shown, in response to the detection that the TV application has become active, computer system 700 stops displaying. Figure 7J The video chat audio control 722a is then displayed, and the main audio control 720 is redisplayed. Here, the computer system 700 redisplays the main audio control 720 because it has been determined that the video chat application is no longer the only application audio source actively causing the computer system 700 to output audio (and / or more than a predetermined number (e.g., 1 to 10) of audio sources are causing the computer system 700 to output audio). Figure 7K As shown, in response to detecting that the TV application has become active, the computer system 700 also redisplays the optional view control 720a. Figure 7K At this point, computer system 700 detects a tap input 705k pointing to the selectable view control 720a. For example... Figure 7L As shown, in response to detecting a tap input 705k, the computer system 700 moves the audio control center 718 from a folded state (e.g., in...). Figure 7K In the middle, only the main audio control 720 is displayed) is expanded to the expanded state (for example, in Figure 7L In the expanded state, computer system 700 displays video chat audio control 722a, application icon 724a, TV application audio control 722b and application icon 724b together with main audio control 720 (e.g., using the above description of...). Figures 7A to 7F (One or more of the technologies described). Therefore, when more than a predetermined number of audio sources are causing the computer system 700 to output audio and / or are simultaneously configured to cause the computer system 700 to output audio, the computer system 700 provides a mechanism to fold and / or expand the audio control center 718. In some embodiments, in response to detecting input on an optional view control 720a, the computer system 700 folds the audio control center 718 to display... Figure 7K The audio control center 718.

[0231] Figures 7L to 7M This example illustrates a scenario where the main audio control is set to the lowest audio level (e.g., 0%). Figure 7LIn the middle, the computer system 700 detects the leftward drag input 705l pointing to the main audio control 720. For example... Figure 7M As shown, in response to detecting drag input 705l, computer system 700 adjusts the main audio control 720 to 0% audio level. While adjusting the main audio control 720 to 0%, computer system 700 also adjusts the video chat audio control 722a and the TV application audio control 722b to 0% audio level. Therefore, in Figure 7L At this point, computer system 700 does not output corresponding video chat applications and TV applications. Furthermore, because the audio corresponding to the main audio control is adjusted to 0%, computer system 700 also does not output ambient sounds and / or other system sounds, such as voice assistant sounds and / or one or more ambient sounds in the environment surrounding computer system 700.

[0232] Figures 7M to 7N This example illustrates a scenario where the main audio control is adjusted from the lowest audio level to another audio level. Figure 7M In the middle, the computer system 700 detects the rightward drag input 705m pointing to the main control 720. For example... Figure 7M As shown, computer system 700 has adjusted the main audio control 720, video chat audio control 722a, TV application audio control 722b, and their respective corresponding audio levels back to their levels before the main audio control 720 was adjusted to 0% audio level. Figure 7M As shown, the computer system 700 returns each control and its corresponding audio output to its original output ratio and / or begins to proportionally adjust each individual control so that when the main audio control 720 is set to its preset audio level, each control is set back to its preset audio level.

[0233] Figures 70 to 7Q An alternative scenario is illustrated, in which computer system 700 continues to display the audio controls of an application identified as a first-type application, but does not continue to display the audio controls of an application identified as a second-type application. In some embodiments, the first-type application is a persistent application, and the second-type application is a non-persistent application. In some embodiments, a persistent application is an application for which computer system 700 continues to output audio, while the application is not displayed via computer system 700 and / or is not visible in the environment. In some embodiments, persistent applications include video applications, podcast applications, music applications, and / or other media applications. In some embodiments, persistent applications are typically used to play audio in the background when the user's attention is off the application. In some embodiments, persistent applications are important applications and / or applications designated as persistent applications by computer system 700. Figure 7OExample: Computer system 700 displays video application audio control 722d along with main audio control 720, video chat audio control 722a, and TV application audio control 722b. For example... Figure 7O As shown, the computer system 700 displays video application audio controls 722d simultaneously with the video application user interface 716. In some embodiments, the video application user interface 716 is visible in the environment.

[0234] like Figure 7P As shown, in response to a request to stop displaying the video application user interface 716, the computer system 700 stops displaying the video application user interface 716 and displays the main user interface 710 (e.g., using the interface described above). Figure 6 A describes one or more technologies). In Figure 7P At this point, it is determined that the application corresponding to the video application user interface 716 is a persistent application. In response to this determination, the computer system 700 continues to display the video application audio control 722d and outputs audio corresponding to the application corresponding to the video application user interface 716. However, in Figure 7Q At this point, it is determined that the application corresponding to the video application user interface 716 is not a persistent application; therefore, the computer system 700 stops displaying the video application audio control 722d and stops outputting the audio corresponding to the application corresponding to the video application user interface 716.

[0235] Figure 7R An alternative example of a computer system 700 displaying a group audio control 728 together with a main audio control 720 is shown. The group audio controls include a human audio control 728a, an application audio control 728b, and an ambient sound audio control 728c. The human audio control 728a is an audio control for adjusting the audio surrounding different applications and / or one or more communication applications (such as telephone calling applications, video calling applications, etc.) used for communicating with a person. The application audio control 728 is an audio control for adjusting the audio of different applications (e.g., in addition to or including communication applications), such as video applications, audio recording applications, and / or note-taking applications. The ambient sound audio control 728c is an audio control for adjusting the audio of one or more ambient sounds (such as ambient noise in the background of the environment surrounding the computer system 700). Figure 7R As shown, the computer system 700 displays the audio control center 718 as an overlay on a physical environment that includes physical objects such as trees and people. Therefore, in Figure 7RAt this point, computer system 700 is using a pass-through display generation component to display audio control center 718, where the virtual object passes through the display. In some embodiments, computer system 700 displays audio control center 718 in a completely virtual environment, and in some embodiments, audio control center 718 is environment-locked or viewpoint-locked, as described above.

[0236] Figures 8A to 8B This is a flowchart illustrating, according to some examples, methods for managing controls used to change audio output (e.g., method 800). Some operations in method 800 are optionally combined, the order of some operations is optionally changed, and some operations are optionally omitted.

[0237] As described below, method 800 provides an intuitive way to manage controls used to change audio output. Method 800 reduces the cognitive burden on the user for managing controls used to change audio output, thereby creating a more efficient human-computer interface. For battery-powered computing devices, enabling users to manage controls for changing audio output faster and more efficiently saves power and increases the time interval between battery charges. In some embodiments, method 800 is performed at a computer system that communicates with one or more output devices (e.g., one or more speakers, cameras, and / or sensors) and display generating components (e.g., a monitor, a touch-sensitive display, a projector, a lamp, and / or a group of one or more light-emitting diodes). In some embodiments, the computer system is a telephone, watch, tablet computer, fitness tracker, wearable device, television, multimedia device, accessory, speaker, head-mounted display (HMD), and / or personal computing device. In some embodiments, the computer system communicates with input / output devices such as one or more cameras, speakers, microphones, and / or sensors (e.g., heart rate sensors, monitors, antennas (e.g., using Bluetooth and / or Wi-Fi) and / or near-field communication sensors).

[0238] At 802, when an audio source (e.g., an application corresponding to one or more of 722a-722d) is output via one or more output devices at a first audio level (e.g., set to 30% as shown in 722a) (e.g., volume level, sound level, and / or level measured in decibels) to a first audio source (e.g., an application corresponding to one or more of 722a-722d) (e.g., 724a) (e.g., an application (e.g., a music application, an instant messaging application, a live video application, a video application, an instant messaging application, an audiobook application, an entertainment application, and / or an educational application), a system process, a device communicating with a computer system, and / or system sound) The media corresponding to the sound (e.g., ambient sound, surrounding environment sound, and / or the voice of a voice assistant) (e.g., audio media, video media, pre-recorded media, live media (e.g., captured (real-time and / or near-real-time captured) sound and / or captured video)) (and / or in some embodiments, when configured to output media corresponding to a first audio source (e.g., an application corresponding to one or more of 722a-722d) at a first audio level, wherein, in some embodiments, the computer system does not actively output media, but will output media (e.g., in response to receiving and / or detecting input)), and via one or more outputs When a device outputs media corresponding to a second audio source (e.g., an application corresponding to one or more of 722a-722d) at a second audio level different from (e.g., higher or lower than) the first audio level (e.g., set to 10% as shown in 724b) to a second audio source (e.g., an application corresponding to one or more of 722a-722d) (e.g., 724b) (e.g., an application, system process, and / or device communicating with the computer system, and / or system sound), the computer system displays, via a display generation component, an audio level (e.g., master audio level, maximum output audio level, etc.) corresponding to multiple audio sources (e.g., corresponding to one or more of 722a-722d). The plurality of audio sources includes controls (e.g., a volume slider for a selector, a volume up control and / or a button, and / or a volume down control and / or a button) that define the maximum output level expected by the user and / or is not necessarily the maximum audio level that the computer system can theoretically output via one or more output devices (e.g., 720), the maximum and / or capped output audio level, and / or the primary audio level. The plurality of audio sources includes a first audio source (e.g., an application corresponding to one or more of 722a-722d) (e.g., 724a) and a second audio source (e.g., an application corresponding to one or more of 722a-722d) (e.g., 726b). In some embodiments, the first audio output differs from the second audio output. In some embodiments, the first audio source corresponds to a first application that is different from the second application.In some implementations, the first audio source is a first type of audio source (e.g., a first-party application, a third-party application, a video application, a music application, an audiobook application, and / or a real-time application (e.g., a real-time communication session application (e.g., a video communication session and / or a messaging communication session) and / or a real-time event application), an active application, an application running in the foreground, and / or an application running in the background), and the second audio source is a second type of audio source different from the first type of audio source. In some implementations, the plurality of audio sources includes one or more audio sources different from the first audio source and / or the second audio source.

[0239] At 804, when a control for adjusting the audio level corresponding to a plurality of audio sources 7Q (e.g., 720) (e.g., corresponding to one or more of 722a-722d) is displayed, the computer system detects a first input (e.g., 705a) directed at the control for adjusting the audio level corresponding to the plurality of audio sources (e.g., swipe input and / or drag input, or in some embodiments, non-swipe and / or drag input, such as air input (e.g., point air gesture, wave air gesture and / or move air gesture), gaze input, mouse click and drag input, voice command and / or movement input (e.g., such as moving the computer system in a specific direction)).

[0240] At 806, in response to detecting a first input (e.g., 705a and / or as discussed above with respect to 701), the output of the media corresponding to the plurality of audio sources is proportionally adjusted, including: adjusting (e.g., increasing and / or decreasing) the output of the media corresponding to the first audio source (e.g., 724a) by a first amount (e.g., as at 808) Figure 7B (as shown in 722a); and adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the second audio source (e.g., 726b) (at 810) to a second amount that is different from the first amount (e.g., as shown in 722a); and adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the second audio source (e.g., 726b) to a second amount that is different from the first amount (e.g., as shown in 722a); and adjusting the output of the media corresponding Figure 7BAs shown in 722a), the difference between the first adjustment amount and the second adjustment amount is based on the difference between the first audio level and the second audio level (e.g., the ratio between the first audio level and the second audio level is equal to, or approximately equal to (e.g., within 5% of the ratio) the ratio between the first adjustment amount and the second adjustment amount). In some embodiments, the output of media corresponding to multiple audio sources is adjusted proportionally based on the movement of the first input (e.g., movement speed, movement direction, movement acceleration, movement rate, movement force, and / or movement speed). In some embodiments, when the output of the media corresponding to the first audio source is adjusted from the first audio level to the third audio level, the indicator on the control corresponding to the first audio source is moved. In some embodiments, when the output of the media corresponding to the second audio source is adjusted from the second audio level to the fourth audio level, the indicator on the control corresponding to the second audio source is moved. In some embodiments, the movement of the indicator on the control corresponding to the first audio source is proportional to the movement of the indicator on the control corresponding to the second audio source (and in some embodiments, in the same direction).

[0241] At 812, after proportionally adjusting the output of the media corresponding to multiple audio sources (and in some embodiments, when the first audio source is at a third audio level and / or the second audio source is at a fourth audio level), the computer system detects a second input (e.g., 705b and / or as discussed above with respect to 701) (e.g., swipe input and / or drag input, or in some embodiments, non-swipe and / or drag input, such as air input (e.g., pointing air gesture, waving air gesture, and / or moving air gesture), gaze input, mouse click and drag input, voice command, and / or movement input (e.g., such as moving the computer system in a specific direction)). In some embodiments, the second input differs from the first input (e.g., it occurs after the first input is released and / or no longer detected).

[0242] At 814, in response to detecting a second input (e.g., 705b and / or 705d and / or as discussed above with respect to 701) and based on determining that one or more criteria of a first set are met, wherein the first set of one or more criteria include criteria that are met when it is determined that the second input is directed to a control (e.g., a volume slider including a selector, an increase volume control and / or a button, and / or a decrease volume control and / or a button) for adjusting the audio level corresponding to the first audio source (e.g., 724a) independently of adjusting the audio level corresponding to the second audio source, the computer system adjusts the output of the media corresponding to the first audio source (and in some embodiments, moving an indication on the control corresponding to the first audio source (e.g., a selector, a text number representing an audio level value, and...). (or slider), without adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the second audio source (and in some embodiments, without moving the indication on the control corresponding to the second audio source), and simultaneously displaying, via the display generation component, an indication (e.g., 720) for adjusting (e.g., increasing and / or decreasing) (e.g., moving right and / or left; moving up and / or down) the audio level corresponding to multiple audio sources based on the second input (e.g., based on the movement of the second input) (and in some embodiments, simultaneously adjusting the host computer system audio level and / or simultaneously adjusting one or more audio levels of one or more audio sources that are not the first audio source and / or the second audio source) (and in some embodiments, simultaneously adjusting the audio level corresponding to multiple audio sources). The ability to proportionally adjust the output of media corresponding to multiple audio sources (e.g., in response to detecting a first input pointing to a control for adjusting the audio level corresponding to the multiple audio sources), and to adjust the output of media corresponding to a first audio source without adjusting the output of media corresponding to a second audio source (e.g., in response to detecting a second input pointing to a control for adjusting the audio level corresponding to the first audio source independently of adjusting the audio level corresponding to the second audio source), allows the computer system to provide the user with different control options for adjusting multiple audio sources and adjusting the audio sources independently of other audio sources, thereby reducing the number of inputs required to perform the operation and providing additional control options.

[0243] In some implementations, in response to detecting a first input (e.g., 705a), and based on determining that a second set of one or more criteria is met, wherein the second set of one or more criteria includes criteria that are met when it is determined that a second input (e.g., 705b and / or 705d and / or as discussed above with respect to 701) points to a first control (e.g., a volume slider including a selector, an increase volume control and / or a button, and / or a decrease volume control and / or a button) for adjusting the audio level corresponding to a second audio source (e.g., 726b) independently of adjusting the audio level corresponding to a first audio source (e.g., 724a) corresponding to a first audio source (e.g., a volume slider, an increase volume control and / or a button, and / or a decrease volume control and / or a button) is directed to adjust the output of the media corresponding to the second audio source (and in some implementations, moving an indication on the control corresponding to the second audio source), without adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the first audio source (e.g., as discussed above with respect to 701). Figure 7C and Figure 7D (As shown) (and in some embodiments, the indication on the control corresponding to the first audio source is not moved), and simultaneously displays an indication via a display generation component to adjust the audio level corresponding to multiple audio sources based on a second input (e.g., 720) (and in some embodiments, simultaneously adjust the audio level of the main computer system and / or simultaneously adjust the audio levels of one or more audio sources that are not the first audio source and / or the second audio source) (and in some embodiments, simultaneously adjust the audio levels corresponding to multiple audio sources). Proportionally adjusting the output of media corresponding to multiple audio sources (e.g., in response to detecting a first input pointing to a control for adjusting the audio level corresponding to multiple audio sources), and adjusting the output of media corresponding to the second audio source without adjusting the output of media corresponding to the first audio source (e.g., in response to detecting a second input pointing to a control for adjusting the audio level corresponding to the second audio source independently of adjusting the audio level corresponding to the second audio source), allows the computer system to provide the user with different control options for adjusting multiple audio sources and adjusting audio sources independently of other audio sources, thereby reducing the number of inputs required to perform the operation and providing additional control options.

[0244] In some implementations, after adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the first audio source (e.g., 724a) without adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the second audio source (e.g., 726b), the media corresponding to the first audio source is output at a third audio level different from the first audio level, and the media corresponding to the second audio source is output at a second audio level. In some implementations, after adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the first audio source (e.g., 724a) without adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the second audio source (e.g., 726b), and simultaneously displaying controls for adjusting the audio levels corresponding to the multiple audio sources (e.g., 720) (and simultaneously outputting the media corresponding to the first audio source at a third audio level different from the first audio level and outputting the media corresponding to the second audio source at a second audio level), the computer system detects a third input (e.g., 705m) pointing to the controls for adjusting the audio levels corresponding to the multiple audio sources (e.g., swipe input and / or drag input, or in some implementations, non-swipe and / or drag input, such as air input (e.g., pointing air gesture, waving air gesture and / or moving air gesture), gaze input, mouse click and drag input, voice command and / or movement input (e.g., moving the computer system in a specific direction)). In some implementations, in response to the detection of a third input (e.g., 705m) (e.g., 705b and / or 705d and / or as discussed above with respect to 701), the computer system proportionally adjusts the output of media corresponding to multiple audio sources, including: adjusting the output of media corresponding to a first audio source (e.g., 724a) by a third amount; and adjusting the output of media corresponding to a second audio source (e.g., 726b) by a fourth amount different from the third amount, wherein the difference between the third and fourth adjustment amounts is based on the difference between a third audio level and a second audio level before the detection of the third input (e.g., 705m), and wherein the difference between the first and second adjustment amounts is different from the difference between the third and fourth adjustment amounts (e.g., the ratio that remains and / or continues when adjusting media corresponding to the first audio source in response to the first input is different from the ratio that remains and / or continues when adjusting media corresponding to the first audio source in response to the third input).In some embodiments, before adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the first audio source without adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the second audio source, and simultaneously displaying controls for adjusting the audio levels corresponding to the multiple audio sources, the computer system detects another input pointing to the controls for adjusting the audio levels corresponding to the multiple audio sources; and in response to detecting the other input, the computer system proportionally adjusts the output of the media corresponding to the multiple audio sources, including: adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the first audio source by a first corresponding amount (e.g., a first amount or an amount different from the first amount); and adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the second audio source by a second corresponding amount (e.g., a second amount or an amount different from the second amount). In some embodiments, the difference between the first and second corresponding adjustment amounts is based on the difference between the first and second audio levels. In some embodiments, the difference between the first and second adjustment amounts is the same as the difference between the first and second corresponding adjustment amounts, and / or maintains the same ratio between the audio levels of the media corresponding to the first audio source and the audio levels of the media corresponding to the second audio source. Proportional scaling of media output corresponding to multiple audio sources, where the value has a difference relative to the previous audio level of the audio source, allows the computer system to provide the user with control options to proportionally scale the media output corresponding to multiple audio sources based on the ratio of the audio levels corresponding to the audio sources before scaling begins, thereby reducing the amount of input required to perform the operation and providing additional control options.

[0245] In some implementations, the first set of one or more criteria includes criteria that are met when an indication (e.g., 722a) corresponding to a first audio level is determined to be within a predetermined distance (and / or distance range) (e.g., 0.1 cm to 10 cm) from an indication (e.g., 720) corresponding to a plurality of audio sources. In some embodiments, in response to the detection of a second input (e.g., 705b and / or 705d and / or as discussed above with respect to 701), and based on the determination that one or more criteria of a third group are met, wherein the third group of one or more criteria include those met when it is determined that the indication corresponding to the first audio level (e.g., 722a) is not within a predetermined distance (and / or distance range) (e.g., 0.1 cm to 10 cm) from the indication corresponding to the plurality of audio sources (e.g., 720), the computer system adjusts the output of the media corresponding to the first audio source (and / or, in some embodiments, simultaneously displays an indication to adjust the audio level corresponding to the first audio source), but does not adjust the output of the media corresponding to the second audio source (e.g., 726b) (and / or, in some embodiments, does not display an indication to adjust the audio level corresponding to the second audio source), and does not display an indication (e.g., 720) to adjust the audio level corresponding to the plurality of audio sources based on the second input (and / or, in some embodiments, does not adjust the audio level corresponding to the plurality of audio sources) via a display generation component. In some embodiments, displaying an indication for adjusting the audio level corresponding to multiple audio sources (e.g., 720) includes: displaying that the indication corresponding to the multiple audio sources is being moved (e.g., relative to a second input, at the speed of the second input, and / or via the second input). In some embodiments, a first set of one or more criteria includes criteria satisfied when it is determined that the audio level corresponding to the first audio source is higher than the audio level corresponding to the second audio source (and / or when it is determined that the audio level corresponding to the first audio source is and / or is designed to be the highest audio level of a single audio source and / or system audio sources (e.g., system effects sources described below). In some embodiments, a second set of one or more criteria includes criteria satisfied when it is determined that the audio level corresponding to the first audio source is not higher than (or, in some embodiments, higher than) the audio level corresponding to the second audio source (and / or when it is determined that the audio level corresponding to the first audio source is and / or is designed to be the highest audio level of a single audio source and / or system audio sources). In some implementations, the first set of one or more criteria includes criteria that are met when it is determined that the audio level corresponding to the first audio source is adjusted in a first direction (and in some implementations, not in a second direction) (e.g., to the right, left, up, and / or down).In some embodiments, a first set of one or more criteria includes criteria satisfied when it is determined that an indication to adjust the audio level corresponding to a first audio source is within a predetermined distance (e.g., 0.1 cm to 3 cm) from an indication to adjust the audio level corresponding to multiple audio sources (and / or the value corresponding to the location of the indication to adjust the audio level corresponding to the first audio source is within a predetermined range of values ​​(e.g., volume and / or sound level 1-10) from the location of the indication to adjust the audio level corresponding to the multiple audio sources). In some embodiments, a second set of one or more criteria includes criteria satisfied when it is determined that an indication to adjust the audio level corresponding to the first audio source is not within a predetermined distance from an indication to adjust the audio level corresponding to the multiple audio sources (and / or the value corresponding to the location of the indication to adjust the audio level corresponding to the first audio source is not within a predetermined range of values ​​from the location of the indication to adjust the audio level corresponding to the multiple audio sources). In some embodiments, a second input causes the computer system to move the indication corresponding to the first audio source from one location to another. The option to display an indication via the display generation component to adjust the audio levels corresponding to multiple audio sources based on whether one or more criteria are met allows the computer system to automatically select when to display an indication that the audio level corresponding to the first audio source is adjusted to adjust multiple audio sources within a range of audio levels corresponding to multiple audio sources. This reduces the amount of input required to perform the operation, provides additional control options, and allows the operation to be performed without further user input when one or more conditions are met.

[0246] In some embodiments, after proportionally adjusting the output of media corresponding to multiple audio sources, the computer system detects a fourth input (e.g., 705b and / or 705d and / or as discussed above with respect to 701) directed to a control for adjusting the audio level corresponding to the first audio source independently of adjusting the audio level corresponding to the second audio source (e.g., swipe input and / or drag input, or in some embodiments, non-swipe and / or drag input, such as air input (e.g., pointing air gesture, waving air gesture, and / or moving air gesture), gaze input, mouse click and drag input, voice command, and / or movement input (e.g., moving the computer system in a specific direction)). In some embodiments, in response to detecting the fourth input, the computer system adjusts the output of media corresponding to the first audio source (e.g., the audio level and / or volume of the media) (and in some embodiments, does not adjust the output of media corresponding to the second audio source) without displaying an instruction to adjust the audio level corresponding to the multiple audio sources via a display generation component. In some implementations, when the output of the media corresponding to the first audio source (e.g., the audio level and / or volume of the media) is adjusted (and in some implementations, the output of the media corresponding to the second audio source is not adjusted), without displaying an instruction to adjust the audio level corresponding to multiple audio sources via a display generation component, the computer system detects a fifth input (e.g., 705b and / or 705d and / or as discussed above with respect to 701) pointing to a control for adjusting the audio level corresponding to the first audio source independently of adjusting the audio level corresponding to the second audio source (e.g., swipe input and / or drag input, or in some implementations, non-swipe and / or drag input, such as air input (e.g., pointing air gesture, waving air gesture and / or moving air gesture), gaze input, mouse click and drag input, voice command and / or movement input (e.g., moving the computer system in a specific direction)). In some embodiments, in response to the detection of a fifth input, the computer system adjusts (and / or continues to adjust) the output of the media corresponding to the first audio source (e.g., the audio level and / or volume of the media) (and in some embodiments, the output of the media corresponding to the second audio source is not adjusted), while displaying an instruction for adjusting the audio level corresponding to multiple audio sources via a display generation component. In some embodiments, the fourth and fifth inputs are different portions and / or the same input of another input (e.g., an input moving from a first position to a second position and an input moving from a second position to a third position). In some embodiments, the fourth and fifth inputs are not different portions of another input, are not the same input, and / or are separate inputs.Adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the first audio source without displaying instructions via the display generation component to adjust the audio levels corresponding to multiple audio sources in response to one input, and adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the first audio source while displaying instructions via the display generation component to adjust the audio levels corresponding to multiple audio sources in response to another input, allows the computer system to choose when to display instructions to adjust the audio levels corresponding to multiple audio sources when appropriate, and reduces user confusion about which audio levels are being adjusted, thereby reducing the amount of input required to perform the operation, providing additional control options, and performing the operation without further user input when one or more sets of conditions are met.

[0247] In some embodiments, in response to the detection of a fifth input (e.g., 705b and / or 705d and / or as discussed above with respect to 701), and based on determining that in response to the detection of a portion of the fifth input (e.g., movement of the fifth input from one location to another, regardless of whether a lift-off of the fifth input is detected after the movement), the computer system is adjusting the audio level corresponding to the first audio source to outside the range relative to the current audio level corresponding to the plurality of audio sources (e.g., within and / or 0.1-10 volume levels away from the range), the computer system displays an instruction for adjusting the audio level corresponding to the plurality of audio sources via a display generation component (and in some embodiments, when this portion of the fifth input is detected). In some embodiments, based on determining that in response to the detection of a portion of the fifth input, the computer system is adjusting the audio level corresponding to the first audio source to outside the range relative to the current audio level corresponding to the plurality of audio sources, the computer system causes the adjustment of the audio level corresponding to the plurality of audio sources. In some implementations, in response to the detection of a fifth input, and based on determining that the computer system did not adjust the audio level corresponding to the first audio source outside the range of current audio levels corresponding to multiple audio sources in response to the detection of the fifth input, the computer system refrains from displaying instructions to adjust the audio levels corresponding to the multiple audio sources (and in some implementations, this applies when the fifth input is detected). In some implementations, based on determining that the computer system did not adjust the audio level corresponding to the first audio source outside the range of current audio levels corresponding to multiple audio sources in response to the detection of a portion of the fifth input, the computer system does not adjust the audio levels corresponding to the multiple audio sources. Selecting whether to display instructions via the display generation component to adjust the audio levels corresponding to multiple audio sources based on whether one or more sets of criteria are met allows the computer system to automatically select when to display instructions to adjust the multiple audio sources based on the audio level corresponding to the first audio source being adjusted outside the range of audio levels corresponding to the multiple audio sources, thereby reducing the amount of input required to perform the operation, providing additional control options, and performing the operation without further user input when one or more sets of conditions have been met.

[0248] In some embodiments, after outputting media corresponding to a first audio source via an output device and media corresponding to a second audio source via one or more output devices: based on determining that the current number of active audio sources (and, in some embodiments, after detecting a change in the number of active audio sources) is greater than (and, in some embodiments, equal to) a threshold number of audio sources (e.g., one or more) (e.g., the threshold number of audio sources outputting media and / or active to output media), the computer system displays a first indication (e.g., an indication that controls and / or user interface components (e.g., user interface, list, menu, and / or part of the user interface) can be expanded and / or collapsed) via a display generation component, wherein the first indication is displayed simultaneously with controls for adjusting the audio levels corresponding to the multiple audio sources. In some embodiments, the first indication is displayed on, near, adjacent to, to the right, to the left, and / or inside (e.g., closer to the controls for adjusting the audio levels corresponding to the multiple audio sources than another control and / or any other control) for adjusting the audio levels corresponding to the multiple audio sources. Along with controls for adjusting audio levels corresponding to multiple audio sources, a first indication is displayed to provide the user with visual feedback that multiple audio sources are active, and the user is given control over the user interface to show or stop displaying additional controls, thereby performing an action without further user input when one or more of a set of conditions are met, providing additional control options and feedback.

[0249] In some embodiments, after displaying the first indication, and based on determining that the current number of active audio sources (and in some embodiments, after detecting a change in the number of active audio sources) is less than (and in some embodiments, or equal to) a threshold number of audio sources (e.g., one or more) (e.g., the number of audio sources outputting media and / or active to output media), the computer system abandons displaying the first indication. In some embodiments, based on determining that the current number of audio sources outputting media (and in some embodiments, after detecting a change in the number of audio sources outputting media) and / or the current number of active audio sources is greater than (and in some embodiments, or equal to) a threshold number of audio sources, the computer system continues to display the first indication. In some embodiments, after displaying the first indication, the computer system detects a change (and / or decrease) in the number of active (and / or available) audio sources (e.g., the number of output media (e.g., from zero to one, from one to two, from two to one, from three to zero and / or from five to six) and / or the number of audio sources associated with the media being output). In some implementations, the computer system detects changes in the number of audio sources for the output media by detecting that an audio source has changed from active (e.g., an application associated with the audio source is opened, media associated with the audio source has started playing, and / or a live communication session has started) to inactive (e.g., an application associated with the audio source is closed, media associated with the audio source has stopped playing, and / or a live communication session has ended), and / or vice versa. Determining that the current number of active audio sources is less than a threshold number of audio sources without displaying a first indication allows the computer system to automatically stop displaying the first indication when fewer than a certain number of audio sources are active, thereby performing an operation without further user input and providing feedback when one or more of a set of conditions have been met.

[0250] In some embodiments, when no first indication is displayed (e.g., based on determining that the current number of audio sources outputting media (and in some embodiments, after detecting a change in the number of audio sources outputting media) is less than (and in some embodiments, equal to) a threshold number of audio sources), the computer system detects that the media corresponding to a third audio source (e.g., the first audio source, the first audio source, and / or a different audio source) is active (e.g., has started output, the media corresponding to the third audio source has started output, and / or the media corresponding to the third audio source has begun output). In some embodiments, in response to detecting that a third audio source is active (and in some embodiments, based on determining that the current number of audio sources outputting media (and in some embodiments, after detecting a change in the number of audio sources outputting media) is greater than (and in some embodiments, equal to) a threshold number of audio sources), the computer system displays (e.g., redisplays and / or re-displays) the first indication. Displaying a first indication in response to the detection that a third audio source is active allows the computer system to automatically display the first indication when the third audio source becomes active (and in some embodiments, when more than a certain number of audio sources are active), thereby performing an operation without further user input and providing feedback when one or more sets of conditions have been met.

[0251] In some embodiments, when the first indication is displayed (and in some embodiments, when no media corresponding to the first audio source and / or the second audio source is being output), the computer system detects that the fourth audio source is inactive (e.g., has become inactive and / or has stopped outputting media corresponding to the fourth audio source (e.g., the first audio source, that audio source, and / or a different audio source)). In some embodiments, in response to detecting that the media corresponding to the fourth audio source is inactive (and, in some embodiments, based on determining that the current number of active audio sources outputting media (and, in some embodiments, after detecting a change in the number of audio sources outputting media) is less than a threshold number of audio sources (e.g., one, two, or more)), the computer system stops displaying the first indication. In some embodiments, after the computer system has removed the corresponding audio source and / or stopped displaying the corresponding audio source while not displaying one or more controls for the audio source (e.g., one or more volume controls (e.g., sliders and / or buttons)), when the one or more controls for the audio source are redisplayed, the computer system does not display the indication corresponding to the audio source. The stop display first indication allows the computer system to automatically indicate when an audio source becomes inactive (and in some implementations, when fewer than a certain number of audio sources are active), thereby performing an action without further user input and providing feedback when one or more of a set of conditions have been met.

[0252] In some embodiments, upon displaying the first indication, the computer system detects a sixth input pointing to the first indication (e.g., 705b and / or 705d and / or as discussed above with respect to 701, e.g., swipe input and / or drag input, or in some embodiments, non-swipe and / or drag input, such as air input (e.g., pointing air gesture, waving air gesture, and / or moving air gesture), gaze input, mouse click and drag input, voice command, and / or movement input (e.g., moving the computer system in a specific direction)). In some embodiments, in response to detecting the sixth input: the computer system displays a plurality of controls for adjusting the audio level via a display generation component, the plurality of controls including: adjusting the audio level relative to the first audio source independently of adjusting the audio level corresponding to the second audio source. The system includes a control for the corresponding audio level; and a second control for adjusting the audio level corresponding to the second audio source independently of adjusting the audio level corresponding to the first audio source. In some embodiments, in response to detecting input to the second control for adjusting the audio level corresponding to the second audio source independently of adjusting the audio level corresponding to the first audio source, the computer system performs one or more operations, as described above. Displaying multiple controls in response to detecting a sixth input pointing to the first indication allows the computer system to provide the user with the option to display additional controls, thereby providing additional control options.

[0253] In some embodiments, while displaying controls for adjusting the audio level corresponding to a first audio source and a second control for adjusting the audio level corresponding to a second audio source, the computer system detects a seventh input (e.g., 705b and / or 705d and / or as discussed above with respect to 701) (e.g., swipe input and / or drag input, or in some embodiments, non-swipe and / or drag input, such as air input (e.g., pointing air gesture, waving air gesture, and / or moving air gesture), gaze input, mouse click and drag input, voice command, and / or movement input (e.g., moving the computer system in a specific direction)). In some embodiments, in response to detecting the seventh input, and based on determining that the seventh input points to the control for adjusting the audio level corresponding to the first audio source, the computer system adjusts the output of the media corresponding to the first audio source without adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the second audio source (and / or adjusts the audio level of the media corresponding to the first audio source without adjusting the audio level of the media corresponding to the second audio source). In some implementations, based on the determination that a seventh input points to a second control for adjusting the audio level corresponding to a second audio source, the computer system adjusts the output of the media corresponding to the second audio source without adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the first audio source (and / or adjusts the audio level of the media corresponding to the second audio source without adjusting the audio level of the media corresponding to the first audio source). Adjusting the output of the media corresponding to a specific audio source without adjusting the output of the media corresponding to another audio source when certain conditions are met allows the computer system to provide the user with separate control options for adjusting a given audio source independently of another corresponding audio source, thereby reducing the number of inputs required to perform the operation and providing additional control options.

[0254] In some embodiments, when media corresponding to a first audio source is output via one or more output devices and media corresponding to a second audio source is output via one or more output devices, the computer system simultaneously displays a control for adjusting the audio level corresponding to the first audio source, independent of adjusting the audio level corresponding to the second audio source, along with a first indication corresponding to the first audio source (e.g., an application icon and / or a representation of a participant in a real-time communication session (e.g., an avatar, a set of one or more initials corresponding to the participant, and / or a facial representation)). In some embodiments, when media corresponding to the first audio source is output via one or more output devices and media corresponding to the second audio source is output via one or more output devices, the computer system simultaneously displays a third control for adjusting the audio level corresponding to the second audio source, independent of adjusting the audio level corresponding to the first audio source, along with the first indication corresponding to the second audio source (e.g., a different avatar, representation, and / or a set of one or more initials, and / or an application icon). The first indication corresponding to the second audio source has a different visual appearance than the first indication corresponding to the first audio source (e.g., a different avatar, representation, and / or a set of one or more initials, and / or an application icon). In some implementations, controls for adjusting the audio level corresponding to a first audio source and third controls for adjusting the audio level corresponding to a second audio source are displayed simultaneously. Displaying different controls for independently adjusting the audio levels of different audio sources using different instructions provides the user with feedback about the audio source to be adjusted based on input to a specific control. This reduces the number of errors that may occur when providing input, thereby reducing the amount of input required to perform the operation, and provides feedback.

[0255] In some embodiments, when a control for adjusting the audio level corresponding to the first audio source, independent of adjusting the audio level corresponding to the second audio source, is simultaneously displayed with a first indication corresponding to the first audio source, the computer system detects a change relative to the first audio source. In some embodiments, detecting a change relative to the first audio source includes: detecting that a first medium from the first audio source has stopped playing and a second medium from the second audio source has started playing; detecting that a person in a real-time communication session (e.g., a video and / or audio communication session (e.g., a group communication session and / or a multi-participant communication session)) has left the real-time communication session; and / or detecting that a person in the real-time communication session has joined the real-time communication session. In some embodiments, in response to detecting a change relative to the first audio source, the computer system displays a second indication corresponding to the first audio source, which has a different visual appearance than the first indication corresponding to the first audio source. In some embodiments, in response to detecting a change relative to the first audio source, the computer system stops displaying the first indication corresponding to the first audio source. In some embodiments, in response to detecting a change relative to the first audio source, the computer system shrinks and / or enlarges the first indication corresponding to the first audio source. In some embodiments, in response to detecting a change relative to a first audio source, the computer system continues to display (and / or does not stop displaying and / or changes the display) a first indication corresponding to a second audio source. In some embodiments, the computer system detects a change relative to the second audio source while simultaneously displaying a third control for adjusting the audio level corresponding to the second audio source independently of adjusting the audio level corresponding to the first audio source, along with the first indication corresponding to the second audio source. In some embodiments, in response to detecting a change relative to the second audio source, the computer system displays a second indication corresponding to the second audio source, which is visually different from the first indication corresponding to the second audio source. Displaying a second indication corresponding to the first audio source that is visually different from the first indication corresponding to the first audio source in response to detecting a change relative to the first audio source allows the computer system to automatically update the indication corresponding to the first audio source based on the change relative to the first audio source, thereby performing an operation without further user input when one or more sets of conditions have been met, and providing improved feedback.

[0256] In some embodiments, the computer system detects a request to output media corresponding to a fifth audio source (e.g., different from the first and second audio sources). In some embodiments, the request to output media corresponding to the fifth audio source is a request to initiate the output of media corresponding to the fifth audio source, a request to launch an application, a request to initiate media playback, a request to answer a telephone call, a request to enter a real-time communication session (e.g., a video communication session and / or an audio communication session), and / or a request to interact with a media application (e.g., a television, video, and / or audio application). In some embodiments, in response to detecting a request to output media corresponding to the fifth audio source, the computer system outputs the media corresponding to the fifth audio source via one or more output devices at an audio level based on (and / or in some embodiments, is) the last used audio level of the fifth audio source (e.g., the audio level previously used with the fifth audio source before ceasing the output of the media corresponding to the fifth audio source). In some embodiments, the audio level based on the last used audio level of the fifth audio source is not an audio level corresponding to multiple audio sources. In response to a request to output media corresponding to a fifth audio source, the media corresponding to the fifth audio source is output via one or more output devices at an audio level based on the last used audio level of the fifth audio source. This allows the computer system to automatically output media based on the last used audio level of a specific audio source when the media corresponding to that specific audio source begins to output media, thereby performing operations without further user input when one or more of a set of conditions are met, and providing improved feedback.

[0257] In some implementations, the computer system detects a request to output media corresponding to a sixth audio source (e.g., different from the first and second audio sources). In some implementations, the request to output media corresponding to a fifth audio source is a request to initiate the output of media corresponding to the fifth audio source, a request to launch an application, a request to initiate media playback, a request to answer a telephone call, a request to enter a real-time communication session (e.g., a video communication session and / or an audio communication session), and / or a request to interact with a media application (e.g., a television, video, and / or audio application). In some implementations, in response to detecting a request to output media corresponding to a sixth audio source, the computer system outputs media corresponding to the sixth audio source via one or more output devices at an audio level corresponding to multiple audio sources (rather than the last used audio level of the sixth audio source). In some implementations, the audio levels corresponding to multiple audio sources correspond to the highest current audio level of the active audio source. Outputting media corresponding to the sixth audio source via one or more output devices at an audio level corresponding to multiple audio sources allows the computer system to automatically output media based on the audio level of the primary audio source, thereby performing operations without further user input when one or more sets of conditions are met, and providing improved feedback.

[0258] In some embodiments, the first audio level and the second audio level have a first ratio. In some embodiments, the audio level of the output of media corresponding to a first audio source after adjusting by a first adjustment amount and the audio level of the output of media corresponding to a second audio source after adjusting by a second adjustment amount have a first ratio. In some embodiments, the ratio between different audio sources is determined based on the current difference between the levels of the different audio sources. Proportionally adjusting the output of media corresponding to multiple audio sources based on the ratio (e.g., in response to detecting a first input) allows the computer system to provide the user with control options for proportionally adjusting multiple audio sources, thereby reducing the amount of input required to perform the operation and providing additional control options.

[0259] In some implementations, after adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the first audio source without adjusting the output of the media corresponding to the second audio source in response to the detection of a second input (e.g., 705b and / or 705d and / or as discussed above with respect to 701), the audio level of the output of the media corresponding to the first audio source adjusted in response to the detection of the second input and the audio level of the output of the media corresponding to the second audio source not adjusted in response to the detection of the second input have a second ratio different from the first ratio. In some implementations, after adjusting (e.g., independently of another audio source) the audio level corresponding to an audio source, the ratio between the two audio sources (e.g., the adjustment ratio and / or the audio level ratio) changes. Changing the ratio of the proportionally adjusted audio source when adjusting an audio source independently of another audio source allows the computer system to provide the user with control options for proportionally adjusting multiple audio sources, thereby reducing the amount of input required to perform the operation and providing additional control options.

[0260] In some embodiments, in response to detecting a first input (and / or in some embodiments, in response to detecting a second input) (and in some embodiments, when proportionally adjusting the output of media corresponding to multiple audio sources), and based on determining that the audio level corresponding to the multiple audio sources is within a first audio level range (e.g., a range of audio, volume, and / or sound levels (e.g., a non-zero range (e.g., between 0 and 10 volume levels)) (e.g., a range including and / or being a minimum and / or maximum value), the computer system adjusts the audio level corresponding to a first group of one or more system sound effects, while simultaneously adjusting one or more audio levels (and / or one or more audio levels corresponding to one or more groups of system sound effects) based on the first input. In some embodiments, in response to detecting the first input, and based on determining that the audio level corresponding to the multiple audio sources is within a second audio level range different from the first audio level range (e.g., a range of audio, volume, and / or sound levels (e.g., a non-zero range (e.g., between 5 and 100 volume levels)) (e.g., a range including and / or not being a minimum and / or maximum value), the computer system abandons adjusting the audio level corresponding to the first group of one or more system sound effects, while simultaneously adjusting one or more audio levels based on the first input. In some implementations, the first audio level range does not overlap with the second audio level range. In some implementations, the first range includes a minimum audio level and / or an end audio level, and the second range does not include a minimum audio level and / or an end audio level. Selecting whether to adjust the audio level corresponding to one or more system sound effects based on whether the audio levels corresponding to multiple audio sources are within a specific audio level range allows the computer system to select whether to adjust the audio level corresponding to one or more sound effects, thereby reducing the amount of input required to perform the operation and performing the operation without further user input when one or more conditions are met...

Claims

1. A method comprising: at a computer system in communication with one or more audio output devices and display generation components: while a first object is visible via the display generation components, outputting audio corresponding to the first object with a first audio output prominence via the one or more audio output devices; while outputting the audio corresponding to the first object with the first audio output prominence, detecting an occurrence of an event, wherein the event comprises detecting that a user’s attention moves away from being directed at the first object; and in response to detecting the occurrence of the event, wherein the event comprises detecting that the user’s attention moves away from being directed at the first object, outputting the audio corresponding to the first object with a second audio output prominence that is lower than the first audio output prominence via the one or more audio output devices. detecting a first gaze input of the user moving from a first gaze location to a second gaze location, and wherein the first gaze location corresponds to a location corresponding to the first object and the second gaze location corresponds to a location that does not correspond to the first object.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting that the attention of the user is diverted away from the first object comprises: detecting that a second object, different from the first object, is becoming active.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting that the attention of the user is diverted away from the first object comprises: detecting that the first object is becoming inactive.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting that the attention of the user is diverted away from the first object comprises: detecting that the first object is occluded by a third object that is different from the first object.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein detecting that the first object is becoming inactive comprises:

6. The method of claim 1, wherein: prior to detecting that the user’s attention moves away from being directed at the first object, the computer system is a first distance from the first object; and at a time of detecting that the user’s attention moves away from being directed at the first object, the computer system is the first distance from the first object. detecting an interaction with a fourth object that is different from the first object.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein detecting that the attention of the user is diverted away from the first object comprises: decreasing a volume level of the audio corresponding to the first object from a first volume level to a second volume level that is different from the first volume level.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein outputting, via the one or more audio output devices, the audio corresponding to the first object with the second audio output prominence comprises: increasing a reverb amount of the audio corresponding to the first object from a first reverb level to a second reverb level that is different from the first reverb level.

9. The method of claim 1, wherein outputting, via the one or more audio output devices, the audio corresponding to the first object with the second audio output prominence comprises: applying a low-pass filter to the audio corresponding to the first object with the first audio output prominence.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein outputting, via the one or more audio output devices, the audio corresponding to the first object with the second audio output prominence comprises:

11. The method of claim 1, further comprising: while outputting the audio corresponding to the first object with the second audio output prominence via the one or more audio output devices, detecting an occurrence of a second event, the second event comprising detecting that the user’s attention moves away from being directed at the first object; and in response to detecting the occurrence of the second event, the second event comprising detecting that the user’s attention moves away from being directed at the first object, decreasing a prominence of the output of the audio corresponding to the first object by pausing the audio corresponding to the first object.

12. The method of claim 1, further comprising: ​ while a fifth object, different from the first object, is visible via the display generation component, output audio corresponding to the fifth object via the one or more audio output devices with a third audio output prominence; while the audio corresponding to the fifth object is output with the third audio output prominence, detect an occurrence of a third event, the third event including detecting that the attention of the user is directed away from the first object; and in response to detecting the occurrence of the third event, the third event including detecting that the attention of the user is directed away from the first object: in accordance with a determination that the fifth object corresponds to a first type of object, continue to output the audio corresponding to the fifth object with the third audio output prominence; and in accordance with a determination that the fifth object corresponds to a second type of object, different from the first type of object, forgo outputting the audio corresponding to the fifth object with the third audio output prominence.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the first type of object is an object corresponding to a music application, a video application, a voice audio application, a communication application, or one or more combinations thereof.

14. The method of claim 1, the method further comprising: in response to detecting the occurrence of the event, wherein the event includes detecting that the attention of the user is directed away from the first object, output audio corresponding to a seventh object via the one or more audio output devices with a fourth audio output prominence that is higher than a fifth audio output prominence, wherein the fifth audio output prominence is an audio output prominence with which the audio corresponding to the seventh object was output prior to detecting the occurrence of the event, wherein the seventh object is different from the first object.

15. The method of claim 1, the method further comprising: while the audio corresponding to the first object is output with the first audio output prominence, output audio corresponding to an eighth object, different from the first object, with a sixth audio output prominence that is different from the first audio output prominence.

16. The method of claim 1, wherein the first object is an application window.

17. The method of claim 1, wherein the objects are visible in a three-dimensional environment.

18. The method of claim 1, wherein: in accordance with a determination that the first object is associated with a first location, output the audio corresponding to the first object so that the audio corresponding to the first object is spatially positioned at the first location; and in accordance with a determination that the first object is associated with a second location, different from the first location, output the audio corresponding to the first object so that the audio corresponding to the first object is spatially positioned at the second location.

19. A non-transitory computer-readable medium storing one or more programs configured to be executed by one or more processors of a computer system in communication with one or more output devices and a display generation component, the one or more programs including instructions for performing the method of any of claims 1-18.

20. A computer system in communication with one or more output devices and a display generation component, the computer system comprising: one or more processors; and memory storing one or more programs configured to be executed by the one or more processors, the one or more programs including instructions for performing the method of any of claims 1-18.

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