Waste lithium battery crushing and recycling all-in-one machine device and using method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of lithium battery recycling treatment, and discloses a waste lithium battery crushing and recycling all-in-one machine device and a using method thereof.The waste lithium battery crushing and recycling all-in-one machine device comprises a case assembly, electrified crushing section equipment, drying section equipment, nitrogen making equipment and environment-friendly section equipment; the electrified crushing section realizes closed crushing of the waste lithium battery, and nitrogen making equipment provides nitrogen to maintain an oxygen-deficient environment; in the drying section, the electrolyte in the crushed battery materials is heated and dried through heat conduction oil, and the dried materials are stored in ton bags; and the environment-friendly working section adopts a multi-stage treatment process of dust removal, heat regeneration, cryogenic condensation, alkali washing, demisting and activated carbon adsorption to treat tail gas generated in the crushing and drying processes. Integrated operation of crushing, drying, environment-friendly treatment and storage of the waste lithium batteries is achieved, the burning and explosion risk caused by long-term storage and long-distance transfer is avoided, the dried materials can be transported through a common vehicle, the operation cost is reduced, tail gas reaches the standard and is discharged, and the waste lithium battery recycling device is suitable for a distributed recycling scene.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lithium battery recycling technology, and in particular to an integrated machine for crushing and recycling waste lithium batteries and its usage method. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the mainstream method for processing waste lithium batteries in the industry is to build centralized crushing and recycling production lines. However, such production lines have extremely high requirements for land and factory buildings, and the investment in equipment is huge. The construction cost of similar production lines abroad is even higher, resulting in a limited number of centralized processing production lines nationwide and even globally, which is difficult to cover the widely dispersed waste lithium battery recycling needs.

[0003] Because the sources of waste lithium batteries are widespread and dispersed, the current model requires collecting a certain quantity of these scattered waste lithium batteries before transporting them long distances to centralized processing facilities. This process presents two major challenges: First, waste lithium batteries themselves pose flammable and explosive risks. Even with specialized treatment of storage sites and transport vehicles during long-term storage and transportation, it is difficult to completely eliminate the risk of combustion and explosion, resulting in significant safety hazards. Second, domestic and international regulations on the transportation of waste lithium batteries are extremely strict, requiring companies to pay substantial transportation management fees, which significantly increases operating costs and further restricts recycling efficiency.

[0004] Furthermore, existing technologies lack an integrated recycling device that can be flexibly deployed and processed on-site, which cannot fundamentally solve the safety risks and cost pressures of long-term storage and long-distance transportation of waste lithium batteries, nor can it adapt to the actual needs of decentralized recycling scenarios. Therefore, there is an urgent need for a waste lithium battery crushing and recycling solution that takes into account safety, environmental protection and economy. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To overcome the above shortcomings, this invention provides an integrated machine for crushing and recycling waste lithium batteries and its usage method, which solves the flammability and explosion risks caused by long-term storage and long-distance transportation of existing waste lithium batteries, as well as the technical problems of large investment and high operating costs of centralized processing lines.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a waste lithium battery crushing and recycling integrated machine, characterized in that it includes a chassis assembly, a live-line crushing section, a drying section, a nitrogen generator, and an environmental protection section; the chassis assembly includes a base frame and a protective cover, the base frame supports and fixes all equipment, the protective cover encloses and protects all equipment, an operation screen is provided on the protective cover, and the base frame is provided with lifting holes at both the top and bottom to realize the hoisting of the whole machine; the live-line crushing section, drying section, nitrogen generator, and environmental protection section are all fixedly installed on the base frame, and the live-line crushing section, drying section, and nitrogen generator are arranged sequentially along the length of the chassis assembly, and the environmental protection section is arranged parallel to the live-line crushing section; the nitrogen generator is connected to the live-line crushing section and the drying section through nitrogen pipelines respectively, the discharge end of the live-line crushing section is connected to the feed end of the drying section, and the exhaust gas discharge ends of the live-line crushing section and the drying section are both connected to the environmental protection section.

[0007] As a further description of the above technical solution: the electrified crushing section equipment includes a feeding conveyor, a buffer bin, a shredder, and a discharge conveyor; a valve one is installed between the discharge port of the feeding conveyor and the inlet of the buffer bin, a valve two is installed between the discharge port of the buffer bin and the inlet of the shredder, the discharge port of the shredder is connected to the inlet of the discharge conveyor, and a valve three is installed at the discharge port of the discharge conveyor; when valves one, two, and three are closed, the buffer bin, the shredder, and the discharge conveyor form a sealed space, and each is equipped with an oxygen analyzer and a nitrogen inlet. The nitrogen generator fills the sealed space with nitrogen to create an oxygen-deficient environment, and the shredder is also equipped with a tail gas outlet.

[0008] As a further description of the above technical solution: the drying section equipment includes a dryer, a bucket elevator, and a ton bag support; the dryer includes a cylinder, an electric agitator, and a heating system. The cylinder consists of an inner liner, a heat-conducting oil layer, and an insulation layer from the inside out. The inner liner is provided with a feed inlet, a discharge outlet, a drying exhaust outlet, and a nitrogen inlet. The feed inlet of the inner liner is connected to the discharge outlet of the discharge conveyor, and the discharge outlet of the inner liner is connected to the feed inlet of the bucket elevator. A valve is provided. A ton bag support is provided below the discharge outlet of the bucket elevator, and an oxygen analyzer is provided in the dryer.

[0009] As a further description of the above technical solution: the nitrogen generating equipment includes an air compressor, a refrigerated dryer, and a nitrogen generator; part of the compressed air generated by the air compressor is supplied to the pneumatic devices and pneumatic components of the equipment, and the other part is processed by the refrigerated dryer and then fed into the nitrogen generator to produce nitrogen gas. The nitrogen gas is connected to the inner liner of the buffer bin, the shredder, the discharge conveyor, and the dryer through branch pipes respectively.

[0010] As a further description of the above technical solution: the environmental protection section equipment includes a dust collector, a regenerator, a cryostat, a collection tank, an alkaline washing tower, a demister, an activated carbon box, and a fan; the cryostat includes two cryostats that can be operated alternately, both of which are equipped with drain pipes connected to the collection tank and share a refrigeration system and a heating system; the regenerator is divided into a hot side area and a cold side area, the hot side area is equipped with an air inlet, an air outlet, and a drain pipe connected to the collection tank, and the cold side area is equipped with an air inlet and an air outlet; the tail end of the electric crushing section equipment and the drying section equipment... The exhaust pipes merge into a main pipe and connect to the inlet of the dust collector. The outlet of the dust collector connects to the inlet of the regenerator. The outlet of the regenerator connects to the inlets of the cryogenic cooler and the cryogenic cooler via a three-way pipe. The outlets of the cryogenic cooler and the cryogenic cooler are then connected to the inlet of the regenerator via a three-way pipe. The outlet of the regenerator connects to the inlet of the alkaline scrubbing tower. The outlet of the alkaline scrubbing tower connects to the demister. The demister connects to the activated carbon box. The outlet of the activated carbon box connects to the exhaust port of the fan. Both the exhaust gas main pipe and the dust collector are equipped with heating and insulation structures.

[0011] As a further description of the above technical solution: valves are installed on the pipes connecting the outlet of the regenerator to the cryogenic cooler and the cryogenic cooler, and valves are installed on the pipes connecting the outlets of the cryogenic cooler and the cryogenic cooler to the inlet of the regenerator.

[0012] As a further description of the above technical solution: the heating system is a heat transfer oil circulation heating system, wherein the heat transfer oil is filled in the heat transfer oil layer and is evenly distributed.

[0013] As a further description of the above technical solution: the feed inlet of the live crushing section equipment faces the door opening at the end of the base frame, and the operation screen is set on the maintenance door next to the feed inlet.

[0014] A method for using a waste lithium battery crushing and recycling integrated machine includes the following steps:

[0015] Step S1: Lift the entire machine to the waste lithium battery storage area through the lifting holes of the base frame, open the side door of the protective cover, install the ton bag on the ton bag bracket, and align and connect the inlet of the ton bag with the outlet of the bucket elevator.

[0016] Step S2: Start the heating system of the dryer through the operation screen to heat the inner drum of the dryer; at the same time, start the nitrogen generator to continuously fill the buffer bin, shredder, discharge conveyor and inner drum with nitrogen to replace the internal air, and monitor the oxygen content in each device in real time through the oxygen analyzer to maintain an oxygen-deficient environment.

[0017] Step S3: The waste lithium batteries are fed into the feed inlet of the feeding conveyor, which transports the batteries to the top of the buffer bin. At this time, valve one is opened and valve two is closed, and the batteries fall into the buffer bin. Then valve one is closed. After the nitrogen concentration in the buffer bin stabilizes, valve two is opened, and the batteries fall into the shredder for crushing. The crushed battery material is transported by the discharge conveyor, and after valve three is opened, it enters the inner tank. The electric agitator is started to stir the battery fragments.

[0018] Step S4: When the battery fragments in the inner liner reach the set weight, the sensor sends a feedback signal, the feeding conveyor, shredder, and discharge conveyor stop working, valve three closes, and the drying stage begins; during the drying process, the electric agitator continues to work to ensure that the material is heated evenly, and the nitrogen generator continuously fills in nitrogen; after drying is completed, valve four opens, and the dried battery fragments enter the bucket elevator, which then transports them to the ton bag;

[0019] Step S5: After the ton bag is full, close valve four and replace it with an empty ton bag; then open valve three and start the feeding conveyor, shredder, and discharge conveyor to enter the next "crushing-drying-bagging" cycle.

[0020] Step S6: During the crushing and drying operations, the environmental protection equipment operates synchronously; after the exhaust gas is dusted by the dust collector, it passes through the regenerator for preliminary condensation, the cryostat for deep condensation, the regenerator for heat exchange and temperature rise, the alkaline scrubbing tower for acid removal, the demister for dehydration, and the activated carbon box for adsorption and purification, and is finally discharged by the fan; the cryostat one and cryostat two take turns working according to their operating status to ensure continuous and efficient exhaust gas treatment.

[0021] The present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0022] 1. In this invention, through an integrated design of live crushing, electrolyte drying, and nitrogen protection throughout the process, on the one hand, the live crushing section, through the airtight control of valves one to three and in coordination with the nitrogen generation equipment, creates an oxygen-deficient environment in the buffer bin, shredder, and discharge conveyor, eliminating the risk of combustion and explosion during the crushing process; on the other hand, the drying section, with its inner liner, heat-conducting oil layer, and insulation layer structure, works in conjunction with an electric stirrer to thoroughly dry the electrolyte in the battery fragments. After drying, the material has no risk of combustion and explosion, eliminating the need for special hazardous materials transport vehicles and allowing it to be transported to the downstream processing area by ordinary vehicles. This fundamentally solves the flammability and explosion risks of long-term storage and long-distance transportation of waste lithium batteries, significantly reducing transportation and management costs; at the same time, the entire machine can be flexibly lifted through the upper and lower lifting holes of the base frame, allowing it to be directly deployed to dispersed waste lithium battery storage areas for on-site operation, avoiding the risks of centralized collection and storage.

[0023] 2. In this invention, the environmental protection section adopts a complete process including dust removal, regenerative condensation, cryogenic condensation, alkaline washing, demisting, and activated carbon adsorption. Combined with a dual cryogenic heater alternating defrosting design, it can efficiently filter crushed dust, condense and recover electrolyte waste gas, and remove acidic gases, fluorides, and VOCs. With the heating and insulation structure of the exhaust gas pipeline and dust collector, it avoids exhaust gas condensation blockage and ensures that the exhaust gas meets emission standards. The modular layout allows the crushing, drying, and nitrogen production sections to be connected in series along the length, while the environmental protection section is arranged in parallel, resulting in the shortest material transport path and more efficient nitrogen supply and exhaust gas collection. This design is suitable for the flexible operation needs of small and medium-sized decentralized recycling sites and can improve processing efficiency through continuous production, providing a safe, environmentally friendly, and economical integrated solution for waste lithium battery recycling. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is an external schematic diagram of an integrated machine for crushing and recycling waste lithium batteries.

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal overall structure of a waste lithium battery crushing and recycling integrated machine.

[0026] Figure 3 A cross-sectional view of the internal structure of the dryer in a waste lithium battery crushing and recycling integrated machine;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a layout diagram of the environmental protection section of an integrated waste lithium battery crushing and recycling machine.

[0028] Figure 5 This is a flowchart of the operation of an integrated machine for crushing and recycling waste lithium batteries.

[0029] Legend:

[0030] 1. Chassis Components; 1-1. Base Frame; 1-2. Protective Cover; 1-3. Control Screen; 2. Electrified Crushing Section Equipment; 2-1. Feeding Conveyor; 2-2. Valve One; 2-3. Buffer Bin; 2-4. Valve Two; 2-5. Shredder; 2-6. Discharge Conveyor; 2-7. Valve Three; 3. Drying Section Equipment; 3-1. Dryer; 3-1-1. Cylinder; 3-1-2. Electric Agitator; 3-1-3. Heating System; 3-1-1-1. Inner liner; 3-1-1-2, heat transfer oil layer; 3-1-1-3, insulation layer; 3-1-1-4, valve four; 3-2, bucket elevator; 3-3, ton bag support; 4, nitrogen generator; 5, environmental protection equipment; 5-1, dust collector; 5-2, regenerator; 5-3, cryogenic cooler; 5-3-1, cryogenic cooler one; 5-3-2, cryogenic cooler two; 5-4, collection tank; 5-5, alkaline scrubbing tower; 5-6, demister; 5-7, activated carbon box; 5-8, fan. Detailed Implementation

[0031] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] Example

[0033] Reference Figure 1-5 This invention provides an embodiment of a waste lithium battery crushing and recycling integrated machine, comprising a chassis assembly 1, a live-line crushing section 2, a drying section 3, a nitrogen generator 4, and an environmental protection section 5. The chassis assembly 1 includes a base frame 1-1 and a protective cover 1-2. The base frame 1-1 is a rigid structure used to support and fix all equipment, ensuring the stability of the integrated equipment. The protective cover 1-2 encloses and protects all equipment, preventing external environmental influences and ensuring operator safety. An operation screen 1-3 is installed on the protective cover 1-2 for centralized control of equipment operating parameters. The base frame 1-1 has lifting holes at both the top and bottom, allowing for hoisting of the entire machine using lifting equipment. The equipment is transported to various waste lithium battery storage areas for on-site processing. The live-line crushing section equipment 2, drying section equipment 3, nitrogen generator 4, and environmental protection section equipment 5 are all fixedly installed on the base frame 1-1. The live-line crushing section equipment 2, drying section equipment 3, and nitrogen generator 4 are arranged sequentially along the length of the chassis assembly 1. The environmental protection section equipment 5 is arranged parallel to the live-line crushing section equipment 2. The nitrogen generator 4 is connected to the live-line crushing section equipment 2 and the drying section equipment 3 through nitrogen pipelines. The discharge end of the live-line crushing section equipment 2 is connected to the feed end of the drying section equipment 3. The exhaust gas discharge ends of the live-line crushing section equipment 2 and the drying section equipment 3 are both connected to the environmental protection section equipment 5.

[0034] like Figure 3As shown, the live-line crushing section equipment 2 includes a feeding conveyor 2-1, a buffer bin 2-3, a shredder 2-5, and a discharge conveyor 2-6. The feed inlet of the feeding conveyor 2-1 faces the door at the end of the base frame 1-1 for convenient manual or mechanical feeding. The operation screen 1-3 is located on the maintenance door next to the feed inlet for convenient manual operation. A valve 2-2 is installed between the discharge outlet of the feeding conveyor 2-1 and the feed inlet of the buffer bin 2-3, a valve 2-4 is installed between the discharge outlet of the buffer bin 2-3 and the feed inlet of the shredder 2-5, and a valve 2-7 is installed at the discharge outlet of the discharge conveyor 2-6. When the valve... When valves 2-2, 2-4, and 2-7 are closed, the buffer bin 2-3, shredder 2-5, and discharge conveyor 2-6 form a sealed space, each equipped with an oxygen analyzer and a nitrogen inlet. The nitrogen generator 4 fills the sealed space with nitrogen through the nitrogen inlets of the three valves, reducing the internal oxygen content to a low concentration of about 3% or less, creating an oxygen-deficient environment to prevent fire during the crushing of charged batteries. The oxygen analyzer can monitor the internal oxygen content in real time to ensure that the equipment is in an oxygen-deficient state. Shredder 2-5 and discharge conveyor 2-6 are also equipped with exhaust outlets to discharge the waste gas generated during the crushing process.

[0035] The operation of the live-line crushing section is as follows: Waste batteries are fed into the feeding conveyor 2-1, which transports them to the upper part of the buffer bin 2-3. The inlet valve 2-2 of the buffer bin 2-3 is opened, and the outlet valve 2-4 is closed. The batteries enter the buffer bin 2-3, and the inlet valve 2-2 is closed, creating a sealed space. The buffer bin 2-3 is continuously filled with nitrogen to create an oxygen-deficient environment. The outlet valve 2-4 of the buffer bin 2-3 is then opened, and the batteries fall into the buffer bin. Shredder 2-5 performs crushing processing, the discharge valve 2-4 of buffer bin 2-3 is closed, and the inlet valve 2-2 is opened to continue feeding batteries and enter the next cycle; the outlet valve 3-7 of discharge conveyor 2-6 is opened, and the crushed battery material enters the dryer 3-1 of drying section equipment 3; during operation, nitrogen is continuously charged into shredder 2-5 and discharge conveyor 2-6 to maintain the oxygen-deficient state of shredder 2-5 and discharge conveyor 2-6 to prevent fire.

[0036] like Figure 3 and Figure 4As shown, the drying section equipment 3 includes a dryer 3-1, a bucket elevator 3-2, and a ton bag support 3-3. The dryer 3-1 is the core component, including a cylinder 3-1-1, an electric stirrer 3-1-2, and a heating system 3-1-3. The cylinder 3-1-1 consists of an inner liner 3-1-1-1, a heat-conducting oil layer 3-1-1-2, and an insulation layer 3-1-1-3 from the inside out. The inner liner 3-1-1-1 is used to hold the battery crushed material and is equipped with a feed inlet, a discharge outlet, a drying exhaust outlet, and a nitrogen inlet. The heat-conducting oil layer 3-1-1-2 is uniformly filled with heat-conducting oil, which is circulated through the heat-conducting oil circulation system of the heating system 3-1-3 to heat the drying furnace 3-1. This heating method ensures uniform heat distribution in the furnace body and enables efficient drying at lower temperatures. The insulation layer 3-1-1-3 is filled with insulation... The material is heated to reduce heat loss; an electric stirrer 3-1-2 is installed inside the cylinder 3-1-1 to continuously turn the material, ensuring that the material can fully contact the hot air during the drying process, avoiding clumping, and thus improving drying efficiency; an oxygen analyzer is installed on the dryer 3-1 to monitor the internal oxygen content in real time, and the nitrogen generator 4 continuously injects nitrogen into the inner liner 3-1-1-1 through the nitrogen inlet to maintain an oxygen-deficient environment; the discharge port of the discharge conveyor 2-6 is connected to the inlet of the inner liner 3-1-1-1, and the discharge port of the inner liner 3-1-1-1 is connected to the inlet of the bucket elevator 3-2 and is equipped with valve 4 3-1-1-4. The discharge port of the bucket elevator 3-2 is at a certain height above the ground, and a ton bag bracket 3-3 is installed below the discharge port of the bucket elevator 3-2 to place ton bags to collect the dried battery fragments.

[0037] Drying Section Operation: Initially, the discharge valve 4 (3-1-1-4) of dryer 3-1 is closed, and dryer 3-1 is continuously filled with nitrogen to maintain an oxygen-deficient environment. Heating mode is activated, and when the internal temperature rises to a certain level, the energized crushing section begins feeding. Simultaneously, the electric agitator 3-1-2 in dryer 3-1 rotates, continuously agitating the battery fragments inside dryer 3-1, ensuring even heating and improving drying efficiency. Once the battery fragments reach a certain weight in dryer 3-1, the crushing section stops feeding. When the outlet valve 2-6 of the discharge conveyor is closed, the drying stage begins. Once drying is complete, the outlet valve 3-1-1-4 of the dryer is opened, and the dried battery fragments enter the bucket elevator 3-2, which transports the battery fragments to the ton bags below. Once discharge is complete, the outlet valve 3-1-1-4 of the dryer is closed, and the outlet valve 2-7 of the discharge conveyor 2-6 of the crushing section is opened, allowing the crushing section to continue feeding and production. The entire process then enters the next production cycle.

[0038] like Figure 3As shown, the nitrogen generating equipment 4 includes an air compressor, a refrigerated dryer, and a nitrogen generator. The compressed air generated by the air compressor is divided into two parts: one part is supplied to the pneumatic devices and pneumatic components of the relevant equipment in the device to ensure the realization of pneumatic operations such as valve opening and closing; the other part is passed into the refrigerated dryer for drying treatment, and after removing moisture, it enters the nitrogen generator to produce nitrogen. The nitrogen generated by the nitrogen generator is connected to the inner liner 3-1-1-1 of the buffer chamber 2-3, the shredder 2-5, the discharge conveyor 2-6, and the dryer 3-1 through branch pipes, providing a stable oxygen-deficient environment for the crushing and drying process and preventing the charged battery from catching fire.

[0039] like Figure 5 As shown, the environmental protection section equipment 5 is used to treat the exhaust gas generated during the crushing and drying process, including a dust collector 5-1, a regenerator 5-2, a cryostat 5-3, a collection tank 5-4, an alkaline scrubbing tower 5-5, a demister 5-6, an activated carbon box 5-7, and a fan 5-8; the cryostat 5-3 includes cryostat one 5-3-1 and cryostat two 5-3-2, which can work alternately to avoid the crystallization of electrolyte waste gas clogging the equipment; both cryostat one 5-3-1 and cryostat two 5-3-2 are equipped with drain pipes connected to the collection tank 5-4, and share a refrigeration system and a heating system; the regenerator 5-2 is divided into a hot side area and a cold side area. The hot side area is equipped with an inlet one, an outlet one, and a drain pipe, while the cold side area is equipped with an inlet two and an outlet two. The drain pipe is connected to the collection tank 5-4 to collect the condensed electrolyte; the electrified crushing section equipment 2 The exhaust gas from the drying section equipment 3 merges into a main pipeline and connects to the inlet of dust collector 5-1. The outlet of dust collector 5-1 connects to the inlet of regenerator 5-2. The outlet of regenerator 5-2 is connected to the inlets of cryogenic cooler 5-3-1 and cryogenic cooler 5-3-2 via a three-way pipe, and valves are installed thereon. The outlets of cryogenic cooler 5-3-1 and cryogenic cooler 5-3-2 are connected via... The three-way pipes are connected to the second air inlet of the regenerator 5-2 and are equipped with valves; the second air outlet of the regenerator 5-2 is connected to the air inlet of the alkaline washing tower 5-5, the air outlet of the alkaline washing tower 5-5 is connected to the demister 5-6, the demister 5-6 is connected to the activated carbon box 5-7, and the air outlet of the activated carbon box 5-7 is connected to the exhaust port of the fan 5-8; the exhaust gas main pipe and the dust collector 5-1 are both equipped with heating and insulation structures.

[0040] Exhaust gas treatment process: Exhaust gas (containing volatile gases, electrolyte waste gas, dust particles, etc.) generated from the electrified crushing and drying sections enters dust collector 5-1 through a collection pipeline, where dust particles are filtered and collected. The filtered exhaust gas enters the hot side area of ​​regenerator 5-2 through inlet 1 for preliminary cooling. After preliminary cooling, some electrolyte waste gas condenses into liquid and flows into collection tank 5-4 through drain pipe. The exhaust gas exits from outlet 1 and enters cryogenic cooler 5-3-1 or cryogenic cooler 5-3-2 through a three-way pipe for further cooling, causing most of the electrolyte waste gas to condense into liquid or solid state. The condensate flows into collection tank 5-4 through drain pipe. The condensed exhaust gas is then discharged from cryogenic cooler 5-3. The exhaust gas enters the cold side area of ​​the regenerator 5-2 through inlet 2, where it exchanges heat with the high-temperature exhaust gas in the hot side area. This increases the temperature of the deeply cooled exhaust gas while reducing the initial high-temperature exhaust gas temperature, thereby reducing energy consumption. After being cooled by the deep cooler 5-3 and then heated by the regenerator 5-2, the exhaust gas enters the alkaline scrubbing tower 5-5 through outlet 2 of the regenerator 5-2 to remove acidic gases and water-soluble components such as fluorides from the exhaust gas. The exhaust gas then enters the demister 5-6 to remove moisture, and then enters the activated carbon box 5-7, where activated carbon adsorbs harmful substances such as VOCs, further purifying the exhaust gas. Finally, the fan 5-8 provides system air pressure for the entire environmental protection section through impeller rotation and discharges the treated exhaust gas.

[0041] Cryogenic cycle operation principle: After cryogenic chamber 1 (5-3-1) has been running for a period of time, part of the electrolyte waste gas condenses into liquid and flows into collection tank 5-4, while the other part may crystallize inside cryogenic chamber 1 (5-3-1), reducing its heat exchange efficiency. At this time, the refrigeration system shuts off the cooling supply to cryogenic chamber 1 (5-3-1) and switches to cooling cryogenic chamber 2 (5-3-2). The inlet and outlet valves of cryogenic chamber 1 (5-3-1) are closed, while the inlet and outlet valves of cryogenic chamber 2 (5-3-2) are opened. Simultaneously, the heating system defrosts cryogenic chamber 1 (5-3-1), melting the crystallized electrolyte waste gas into liquid and flowing into collection tank 5-4. When crystallization occurs inside cryogenic chamber 2 (5-3-2), the cooling supply to cryogenic chamber 2 (5-3-2) is shut off again, and the cooling supply to cryogenic chamber 1 (5-3-1) is switched back. The heating system defrosts cryogenic chamber 2 (5-3-2), and this cycle repeats to ensure continuous exhaust gas treatment.

[0042] In addition, both the exhaust gas main duct and the dust collector 5-1 are equipped with heating and insulation structures to prevent the electrolyte waste gas from condensing and clogging in the ducts and equipment.

[0043] To further explain the above embodiments, the present invention also provides a method for using the integrated waste lithium battery crushing and recycling machine. The specific steps for using this machine to recycle waste lithium batteries are as follows:

[0044] Step S1: Lift the entire machine to the waste lithium battery storage area through the lifting holes of the base frame 1-1, open the side door of the protective cover 1-2, install the ton bag on the ton bag bracket 3-3, and align and connect the inlet of the ton bag with the outlet of the bucket elevator 3-2.

[0045] Step S2: Start the heating system 3-1-3 of the dryer 3-1 through the operation screen 1-3 to heat the inner liner 3-1-1-1 of the dryer 3-1; at the same time, start the nitrogen generator 4 to continuously fill the buffer bin 2-3, shredder 2-5, discharge conveyor 2-6 and inner liner 3-1-1-1 with nitrogen to replace the internal air. Monitor the oxygen content in each device in real time with an oxygen analyzer until the oxygen content drops below 3% to maintain an oxygen-deficient environment.

[0046] Step S3: The waste lithium batteries are fed into the inlet of the feeding conveyor 2-1, which transports the batteries to the top of the buffer bin 2-3. At this time, valve 1 2-2 is opened and valve 2 2-4 is closed, and the batteries fall into the buffer bin 2-3. Then valve 1 2-2 is closed. After the nitrogen concentration in the buffer bin 2-3 stabilizes, valve 2 2-4 is opened, and the batteries fall into the shredder 2-5 for crushing. The crushed battery material is transported by the discharge conveyor 2-6. After valve 3 2-7 is opened, the material enters the inner tank 3-1-1-1. The electric agitator 3-1-2 is started to agitate the battery fragments.

[0047] Step S4: When the battery fragments in the inner liner 3-1-1-1 reach the set weight, the sensor sends a feedback signal, the feeding conveyor 2-1, shredder 2-5, and discharge conveyor 2-6 stop working, valve 3 2-7 closes, and the drying stage begins; during the drying process, the electric agitator 3-1-2 continues to work to ensure that the material is heated evenly, and the nitrogen generator 4 continuously fills in nitrogen; after drying is completed, valve 4 3-1-1-4 opens, and the dried battery fragments enter the bucket elevator 3-2, which then transports them to the ton bag;

[0048] Step S5: After the ton bag is full, close valve 3-1-1-4 and replace it with an empty ton bag; then open valve 2-7 and start the feeding conveyor 2-1, shredder 2-5 and discharge conveyor 2-6 to enter the next "crushing-drying-bagging" cycle.

[0049] Step S6: During the crushing and drying operations, the environmental protection equipment 5 operates synchronously; after dust removal by dust collector 5-1, the exhaust gas sequentially passes through regenerator 5-2 for preliminary condensation, cryocooler 5-3 for deep condensation, regenerator 5-2 for heat exchange and temperature rise, alkaline scrubbing tower 5-5 for acid removal, demister 5-6 for dehydration, and activated carbon box 5-7 for adsorption and purification, and is finally discharged by fan 5-8; cryocooler 1 5-3-1 and cryocooler 2 5-3-2 take turns working according to their operating status to ensure continuous and efficient exhaust gas treatment.

[0050] Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art can still modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments or make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A waste lithium battery crushing and recycling integrated machine, characterized in that: The equipment includes a chassis assembly (1), an electrified crushing section (2), a drying section (3), a nitrogen generator (4), and an environmental protection section (5). The chassis assembly (1) includes a base frame (1-1) and a protective cover (1-2). The base frame (1-1) supports and fixes all the equipment, and the protective cover (1-2) covers and protects all the equipment. An operation screen (1-3) is installed on the protective cover (1-2). The base frame (1-1) has lifting holes at both the top and bottom, which can realize the hoisting of the whole machine. The electrified crushing section (2), the drying section (3), the nitrogen generator (4), and the environmental protection section (5) are all included. All are fixedly installed on the base frame (1-1). The live crushing section equipment (2), drying section equipment (3) and nitrogen generator (4) are arranged sequentially along the length of the chassis assembly (1). The environmental protection section equipment (5) is arranged in parallel with the live crushing section equipment (2). The nitrogen generator (4) is connected to the live crushing section equipment (2) and the drying section equipment (3) through nitrogen pipelines. The discharge end of the live crushing section equipment (2) is connected to the feed end of the drying section equipment (3). The exhaust gas discharge ends of the live crushing section equipment (2) and the drying section equipment (3) are both connected to the environmental protection section equipment (5).

2. The integrated crushing and recycling machine for waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The live-line crushing section equipment (2) includes a feeding conveyor (2-1), a buffer bin (2-3), a shredder (2-5), and a discharge conveyor (2-6); a valve one (2-2) is installed between the discharge port of the feeding conveyor (2-1) and the inlet of the buffer bin (2-3); a valve two (2-4) is installed between the discharge port of the buffer bin (2-3) and the inlet of the shredder (2-5); and a valve two (2-4) is installed between the discharge port of the shredder (2-5) and the inlet of the discharge conveyor (2-6). The feed inlet is connected, and the discharge outlet of the discharge conveyor (2-6) is equipped with valve three (2-7); when valve one (2-2), valve two (2-4), and valve three (2-7) are closed, the buffer bin (2-3), shredder (2-5), and discharge conveyor (2-6) form a closed space, and each is equipped with an oxygen analyzer and a nitrogen inlet. The nitrogen generator (4) fills the closed space with nitrogen to form an oxygen-deficient environment. The shredder (2-5) is also equipped with a tail gas outlet.

3. The integrated crushing and recycling machine for waste lithium batteries according to claim 2, characterized in that: The drying section equipment (3) includes a dryer (3-1), a bucket elevator (3-2), and a ton bag support (3-3); the dryer (3-1) includes a cylinder (3-1-1), an electric agitator (3-1-2), and a heating system (3-1-3). The cylinder (3-1-1) consists of an inner liner (3-1-1-1), a heat-conducting oil layer (3-1-1-2), and an insulation layer (3-1-1-3) from the inside out. The dryer (3-1) is equipped with a feed inlet, a discharge outlet, a drying exhaust outlet, and a nitrogen inlet. The feed inlet of the inner liner (3-1-1-1) is connected to the discharge outlet of the discharge conveyor (2-6), and the discharge outlet of the inner liner (3-1-1-1) is connected to the feed inlet of the bucket elevator (3-2). A valve (3-1-1-4) is installed. A ton bag support (3-3) is installed below the discharge outlet of the bucket elevator (3-2), and an oxygen analyzer is installed in the dryer (3-1).

4. The integrated crushing and recycling machine for waste lithium batteries according to claim 2, characterized in that: The nitrogen generating equipment (4) includes an air compressor, a refrigerated dryer and a nitrogen generator; part of the compressed air generated by the air compressor is supplied to the pneumatic devices and pneumatic components of the equipment, and the other part is processed by the refrigerated dryer and then fed into the nitrogen generator to produce nitrogen. The nitrogen is connected to the inner liner (3-1-1-1) of the buffer bin (2-3), shredder (2-5), discharge conveyor (2-6) and dryer (3-1) through branch pipes.

5. The integrated crushing and recycling machine for waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The environmental protection section equipment (5) includes a dust collector (5-1), a regenerator (5-2), a cryogenic cooler (5-3), a collection tank (5-4), an alkaline washing tower (5-5), a demister (5-6), an activated carbon box (5-7), and a fan (5-8). The cryogenic cooler (5-3) includes a first cryogenic cooler (5-3-1) and a second cryogenic cooler (5-3-2) that can be operated alternately. Both the first cryogenic cooler (5-3-1) and the second cryogenic cooler (5-3-2) are equipped with drain pipes connected to the collection tank (5-4) and share a refrigeration system and a heating system. The regenerator (5-2) is divided into a hot side area and a cold side area. The hot side area is equipped with an air inlet 1, an air outlet 1, and a drain pipe connected to the collection tank (5-4). The cold side area is equipped with an air inlet 2 and an air outlet 2. The exhaust gas discharge pipes of the electric crushing section equipment (2) and the drying section equipment (3) are combined. The main pipeline connects to the inlet of the dust collector (5-1). The outlet of the dust collector (5-1) connects to the inlet of the regenerator (5-2). The outlet of the regenerator (5-2) is connected to the inlets of the cryogenic unit (5-3-1) and the cryogenic unit (5-3-2) via a three-way pipe. The outlets of the cryogenic unit (5-3-1) and the cryogenic unit (5-3-2) are then connected to the inlets of the regenerator (5-2) via a three-way pipe. -2) is connected to the second air inlet, the second air outlet of the regenerator (5-2) is connected to the air inlet of the alkaline washing tower (5-5), the air outlet of the alkaline washing tower (5-5) is connected to the demister (5-6), the demister (5-6) is connected to the activated carbon box (5-7), and the air outlet of the activated carbon box (5-7) is connected to the air extraction port of the fan (5-8); the exhaust gas main pipeline and the dust collector (5-1) are both equipped with heating and heat preservation structures.

6. The integrated crushing and recycling machine for waste lithium batteries according to claim 5, characterized in that: Valves are installed on the pipes connecting the outlet of the regenerator (5-2) to the cryogenic cooler (5-3-1) and the cryogenic cooler (5-3-2), and valves are installed on the pipes connecting the outlets of the cryogenic cooler (5-3-1) and the cryogenic cooler (5-3-2) to the inlet of the regenerator (5-2).

7. The integrated crushing and recycling machine for waste lithium batteries according to claim 3, characterized in that: The heating system (3-1-3) is a heat transfer oil circulation heating system, wherein the heat transfer oil is filled in the heat transfer oil layer (3-1-1-2) and evenly distributed.

8. The integrated crushing and recycling machine for waste lithium batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feed inlet of the live crushing section equipment (2) faces the door opening at the end of the base frame (1-1), and the operation screen (1-3) is set on the maintenance door next to the feed inlet.

9. A method of using a waste lithium battery crushing and recycling integrated machine, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: Step S1: Lift the whole machine to the waste lithium battery storage area through the lifting hole of the base frame (1-1), open the side door of the protective cover (1-2), install the ton bag on the ton bag bracket (3-3), and align and connect the inlet of the ton bag with the outlet of the bucket elevator (3-2). Step S2: Start the heating system (3-1-3) of the dryer (3-1) through the operation screen (1-3) to heat the inner liner (3-1-1-1) of the dryer (3-1); at the same time, start the nitrogen generator (4) to continuously fill the buffer bin (2-3), shredder (2-5), discharge conveyor (2-6) and inner liner (3-1-1-1) with nitrogen to replace the internal air, and monitor the oxygen content in each device in real time through the oxygen analyzer to maintain an oxygen-deficient environment; Step S3: The waste lithium batteries are fed into the feed inlet of the feeding conveyor (2-1), which transports the batteries to the top of the buffer bin (2-3). At this time, valve one (2-2) is opened and valve two (2-4) is closed, and the batteries fall into the buffer bin (2-3). Then valve one (2-2) is closed. After the nitrogen concentration in the buffer bin (2-3) stabilizes, valve two (2-4) is opened, and the batteries fall into the shredder (2-5) for crushing. The crushed battery material is transported by the discharge conveyor (2-6), and after valve three (2-7) is opened, it enters the inner liner (3-1-1-1). The electric agitator (3-1-2) is started to agitate the battery fragments. Step S4: When the battery fragments in the inner liner (3-1-1-1) reach the set weight, the sensor sends a feedback signal, the feeding conveyor (2-1), shredder (2-5), and discharge conveyor (2-6) stop working, valve three (2-7) closes, and the drying stage begins; during the drying process, the electric agitator (3-1-2) continues to work to ensure that the material is heated evenly, and the nitrogen generator (4) continuously fills in nitrogen; after drying is completed, valve four (3-1-1-4) opens, and the dried battery fragments enter the bucket elevator (3-2), which is then transported to the ton bag; Step S5: After the ton bag is full, close valve four (3-1-1-4) and replace it with an empty ton bag; then open valve three (2-7) and start the feeding conveyor (2-1), shredder (2-5), and discharge conveyor (2-6) to enter the next "crushing-drying-bagging" cycle; Step S6: During the crushing and drying operations, the environmental protection equipment (5) operates synchronously; after the exhaust gas is dusted by the dust collector (5-1), it passes through the regenerator (5-2) for preliminary condensation, the cryostat (5-3) for deep condensation, the regenerator (5-2) for heat exchange and temperature rise, the alkali washing tower (5-5) for acid removal, the demister (5-6) for dehydration, and the activated carbon box (5-7) for adsorption and purification, and is finally discharged by the fan (5-8); the cryostat one (5-3-1) and the cryostat two (5-3-2) take turns working according to the operating status to ensure continuous and efficient exhaust gas treatment.

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