Energy storage device for communication base station and working method thereof

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of base station energy storage, and discloses an energy storage device for a communication base station and a working method thereof, and the device comprises a commercial power grid, an AC / DC converter, a hybrid energy storage module, a bidirectional DC / DC switching module, a base station, a DC / DC adapter, a renewable energy module, a safety protection module, an environment monitoring module, an energy management module and a communication module. The AC / DC converter is used for converting commercial power into direct current to charge the hybrid energy storage module or directly supply power to a base station load; by adopting a hybrid energy storage framework of the lithium ion battery pack and the supercapacitor bank and combining intelligent energy management, long-time and high-capacity energy support can be provided, load fluctuation and sudden power failure can be quickly responded, and uninterrupted power supply of the communication base station is effectively guaranteed; moreover, by integrating the renewable energy access capability and optimizing scheduling through the energy management module, clean energy is utilized to the maximum extent, dependence on the mains supply is reduced, the operation cost is reduced, and meanwhile energy conservation and emission reduction are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of base station energy storage technology, specifically to an energy storage device for communication base stations and its operating method. Background Technology

[0002] A communication base station, also known as a wireless base station, refers to a low-power wireless antenna that communicates with users' mobile phones. Depending on its service range and the number of users, its transmission power ranges from a few watts to hundreds of watts. Typically, base station antennas are installed on buildings or transmission towers 15-50 meters above the ground. With the rapid development of 5G communication technology, the number and density of communication base stations are constantly increasing, placing higher demands on the reliability and stability of power supply. Communication base stations usually need to operate 24 hours a day without interruption; a power outage will not only cause communication interruptions but may also lead to equipment damage and data loss.

[0003] Currently, lead-acid batteries are the primary backup power source for communication base stations. However, traditional lead-acid batteries suffer from drawbacks such as large size and weight of energy storage devices, as well as short lifespan under frequent charging and discharging. This increases the difficulty of installation and maintenance of base stations and raises operating costs. Furthermore, a single energy storage medium cannot meet the dual power and energy requirements of base stations under different operating conditions, and it is unable to provide rapid response and continuous power supply in the event of a sudden power outage. Therefore, this paper proposes an energy storage device for communication base stations and its operating method. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an energy storage device for communication base stations and its operating method, in order to solve the shortcomings of traditional lead-acid batteries mentioned in the background art, such as large size, heavy weight, and short lifespan under frequent charging and discharging, which increases the difficulty of installation and maintenance and operating costs of base stations. At the same time, a single energy storage medium is difficult to meet the dual power and energy requirements of base stations under different operating conditions, and cannot provide rapid response and continuous power supply in the event of a sudden power outage.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: an energy storage device for a communication base station, comprising a mains power grid, an AC / DC converter, a hybrid energy storage module, a bidirectional DC / DC converter module, a base station, a DC / DC converter, a renewable energy module, a safety protection module, an environmental monitoring module, an energy management module, and a communication module; The mains power grid is used for energy storage of the hybrid energy storage module and power supply to the base station load; The AC / DC converter is used to convert AC power into DC power to charge the hybrid energy storage module or directly power the base station load; The hybrid energy storage module is used to provide electrical energy storage and release; The bidirectional DC / DC converter module is used to realize bidirectional energy conversion between the hybrid energy storage module and the DC bus, and then connect to the base station load through the DC bus; The base station is used to achieve wireless signal coverage and transmission; The DC / DC converter is used to convert the DC power output from the renewable energy module into a voltage level suitable for charging the hybrid energy storage module or for use by the base station load. The renewable energy module is used for energy storage in the hybrid energy storage module; The safety protection module is used to monitor the voltage, current, and temperature parameters of the hybrid energy storage module and to implement protective measures when the parameters are abnormal. The environmental monitoring module is used to collect temperature, humidity, and smoke parameters of the internal and external environment of the hybrid energy storage module and transmit the data to the energy management module; The energy management module is used to collect the status of the mains power grid, the power generation of the renewable energy module, the state of charge and health status of the hybrid energy storage module, the power demand of the base station load, and environmental parameters, and to control the working status of the multi-energy access and conversion module according to the preset strategy and the collected information. The communication module is used to enable data interaction and command transmission between the energy storage device and the remote monitoring center.

[0006] Preferably, the aforementioned mains power grid, AC / DC converter, hybrid energy storage module, bidirectional DC / DC converter module, base station, DC / DC converter, renewable energy module, safety protection module, and environmental monitoring module are all connected to the energy management module.

[0007] Preferably, the aforementioned mains power grid is connected to the AC / DC converter, the AC / DC converter is connected to the hybrid energy storage module, the hybrid energy storage module is connected to the bidirectional DC / DC converter module, the bidirectional DC / DC converter module is connected to the base station via a DC bus, and the hybrid energy storage module is connected to the safety protection module.

[0008] Preferably, the renewable energy module is connected to the DC / DC converter, the DC / DC converter is connected to the hybrid energy storage module, and the renewable energy module is connected to the environmental monitoring module.

[0009] Preferably, the energy management module is connected to the communication module, and the AC / DC converter is connected to the base station.

[0010] Preferably, the hybrid energy storage module described above includes a lithium-ion battery pack and a supercapacitor pack, both of which are connected to an AC / DC converter and a DC / DC adapter. The energy management module is used for energy flow and distribution between the lithium-ion battery pack and the supercapacitor pack. The bidirectional DC / DC adapter module has independent channels connected to the lithium-ion battery pack and the supercapacitor pack respectively, which are used to realize independent energy control of the lithium-ion battery pack and the supercapacitor pack.

[0011] Preferably, the renewable energy module described above includes a wind turbine and a photovoltaic panel, both of which are connected to a DC / DC converter.

[0012] Preferably, the preset strategies of the energy management module described above include: Grid connection mode: When the mains power is normal, the mains power grid is used first to supply power to the base station load. At the same time, based on the power generation of the renewable energy module and the state of charge of the hybrid energy storage module, the renewable energy module and the mains power grid are controlled to charge the hybrid energy storage module simultaneously or individually. Off-grid mode: When the mains power grid is interrupted, the hybrid energy storage module is activated to supply power to the base station load. The supercapacitor bank is used first to deal with the instantaneous power fluctuations of the load, and then the lithium-ion battery bank provides the main energy output. The output ratio of the two is dynamically adjusted according to the load demand. Energy optimization strategy: While ensuring reliable power supply to the base station, maximize the use of renewable energy modules and optimize the charge and discharge depth and number of times of hybrid energy storage modules.

[0013] This invention provides a method for operating an energy storage device for a communication base station, comprising the following steps: S1. The energy management module performs self-tests on each module and collects initial state data. S2, Mode Judgment and Switching: S201. If the mains power grid is normal, enter the grid-connected working mode; S202. If the mains power grid is interrupted, it will enter the off-grid working mode. S3, Grid-connected working mode: S301, the energy management module monitors the status of the mains power grid, the power generation of the renewable energy module, the state of charge of the hybrid energy storage module, and the load power of the base station in real time; S302, The base station load shall be powered by the mains power grid and renewable energy modules simultaneously or individually; S303. When the renewable energy module has excess power or the state of charge of the hybrid energy storage module is lower than a preset threshold, charge the hybrid energy storage module. S4, Offline Working Mode: S401, The energy management module starts the hybrid energy storage module to supply power to the DC bus through the bidirectional DC / DC conversion module; S402, Prioritize the release of energy from the supercapacitor bank to respond to instantaneous power demands; S403, Start the lithium-ion battery pack to output energy as the main energy source; S404. Dynamically adjust the output power distribution of the lithium-ion battery pack and the supercapacitor pack according to the real-time load power of the base station and the state of charge of the hybrid energy storage module. S5. Safety monitoring and protection: Continuously monitor the hybrid energy storage module and environmental parameters, and activate corresponding protection measures when abnormalities occur; S6. Data Communication and Remote Management: Uploads operational data to the remote monitoring center periodically and receives remote commands.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention, employing the above technical solution, has the following technical effects: 1. This invention adopts a hybrid energy storage architecture of lithium-ion battery packs and supercapacitor packs, combined with intelligent energy management, which can provide long-term, large-capacity energy support and respond quickly to load fluctuations and sudden power outages, effectively ensuring uninterrupted power supply to communication base stations; and by integrating renewable energy access capabilities and optimizing scheduling by the energy management module, it maximizes the use of clean energy, reduces dependence on grid power, lowers operating costs, and achieves energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0015] 2. In this invention, the energy management module optimizes the charging and discharging strategy based on the state of charge and health of the hybrid energy storage module, as well as the load characteristics, to avoid overcharging and over-discharging, reduce the number of deep cycles, and especially utilize the supercapacitor bank to withstand instantaneous high-power impacts, effectively protecting the lithium-ion battery pack and thus extending the service life of the entire hybrid energy storage system. Moreover, compared with traditional lead-acid batteries, the lithium-ion battery pack and supercapacitor bank can maintain better performance over a wider temperature range. Combined with environmental monitoring and temperature control measures, it can adapt to base station deployment under different climatic conditions.

[0016] 3. By equipping the energy management module and communication module, this invention can realize real-time status monitoring, fault early warning, remote parameter configuration and control of energy storage devices, improve operation and maintenance efficiency and reduce labor costs; moreover, the modular design facilitates installation, maintenance and future capacity expansion or technology upgrades. Attached Figure Description

[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the modules of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the working method of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0020] Example Please see Figure 1-2 The present invention provides a technical solution: an energy storage device for communication base stations, comprising a mains power grid, an AC / DC converter, a hybrid energy storage module, a bidirectional DC / DC converter module, a base station, a DC / DC converter, a renewable energy module, a safety protection module, an environmental monitoring module, an energy management module, and a communication module; The municipal power grid is used for energy storage of hybrid energy storage modules and power supply to base station loads; AC / DC converters are used to convert AC power into DC power to charge hybrid energy storage modules or directly power base station loads. Hybrid energy storage modules are used to provide electrical energy storage and release; A bidirectional DC / DC converter module is used to realize bidirectional energy conversion between the hybrid energy storage module and the DC bus, and then connect to the base station load through the DC bus; Base stations are used to achieve wireless signal coverage and transmission; DC / DC converters are used to convert the DC power output from renewable energy modules into voltage levels suitable for charging hybrid energy storage modules or for use by base station loads. Renewable energy modules for energy storage in hybrid energy storage modules; The safety protection module is used to monitor the voltage, current, and temperature parameters of the hybrid energy storage module and to implement protective measures when the parameters are abnormal. The safety protection module also includes a fire extinguishing unit, which uses gas extinguishing or aerosol extinguishing methods and is activated under the control of the energy management system. The environmental monitoring module is used to collect temperature, humidity, and smoke parameters of the internal and external environment of the hybrid energy storage module and transmit the data to the energy management module. The environmental monitoring module includes temperature and humidity sensors and smoke sensors, which are installed inside the hybrid energy storage module and in the base station equipment room to monitor environmental parameters in real time. The energy management module is used to collect data on the status of the mains power grid, the power generation of the renewable energy module, the state of charge and health status of the hybrid energy storage module, the power demand of the base station load, and environmental parameters. Based on preset strategies and the collected information, it controls the working status of the multi-energy access and conversion module. The energy management module optimizes the charging and discharging strategy based on the state of charge and health status of the hybrid energy storage module and the load characteristics to avoid overcharging and over-discharging and reduce the number of deep cycles. The energy management module can use an embedded microprocessor as the core controller, equipped with necessary analog input / output, digital input / output interfaces, and communication interfaces. Through internally running algorithms, it collects information such as mains power status, photovoltaic power, load power, lithium battery state of charge / health status, supercapacitor state of charge, and ambient temperature, and outputs control signals according to a preset strategy to adjust the operating status of each DC / DC converter and AC / DC converter. The communication module is used to realize data interaction and command transmission between the energy storage device and the remote monitoring center. The communication module supports wired or wireless communication methods. Wired communication methods include Ethernet, and wireless communication methods include 4G, 5G, NB-IoT or LoRa.

[0021] The mains power grid, AC / DC converter, hybrid energy storage module, bidirectional DC / DC converter module, base station, DC / DC converter, renewable energy module, safety protection module and environmental monitoring module are all connected to the energy management module.

[0022] The mains power grid is connected to the AC / DC converter, the AC / DC converter is connected to the hybrid energy storage module, the hybrid energy storage module is connected to the bidirectional DC / DC converter module, the bidirectional DC / DC converter module is connected to the base station via the DC bus, and the hybrid energy storage module is connected to the safety protection module.

[0023] The renewable energy module is connected to the DC / DC converter, the DC / DC converter is connected to the hybrid energy storage module, the renewable energy module is connected to the environmental monitoring module, the energy management module is connected to the communication module, and the AC / DC converter is connected to the base station. By equipping the energy management module and the communication module, real-time status monitoring, fault early warning, remote parameter configuration and control of the energy storage device can be realized, improving operation and maintenance efficiency and reducing labor costs. Moreover, the modular design facilitates installation, maintenance and future capacity expansion or technology upgrades.

[0024] The hybrid energy storage module includes a lithium-ion battery pack and a supercapacitor pack. Both the lithium-ion battery pack and the supercapacitor pack are connected to an AC / DC converter and a DC / DC adapter. The energy management module is used for the energy flow and distribution between the lithium-ion battery pack and the supercapacitor pack. The bidirectional DC / DC adapter module has independent channels connected to the lithium-ion battery pack and the supercapacitor pack respectively, which is used to realize independent energy control of the lithium-ion battery pack and the supercapacitor pack. By adopting a hybrid energy storage architecture of lithium-ion battery pack and supercapacitor pack, combined with intelligent energy management, it can provide long-term, large-capacity energy support, and can quickly respond to load fluctuations and sudden power outages, effectively ensuring uninterrupted power supply to communication base stations. The lithium-ion battery pack uses lithium iron phosphate batteries or ternary lithium batteries and is equipped with a battery management unit for balancing, voltage, current, and temperature monitoring and protection of individual cells; the supercapacitor pack is equipped with a supercapacitor management unit for monitoring the voltage, current, and temperature of supercapacitor cells or modules and for balancing and protection. By utilizing supercapacitor banks to withstand instantaneous high-power surges, lithium-ion battery banks are effectively protected, thereby extending the lifespan of the entire hybrid energy storage system. Moreover, compared to traditional lead-acid batteries, lithium-ion battery banks and supercapacitor banks can maintain better performance over a wider temperature range. Combined with environmental monitoring and temperature control measures, they can adapt to base station deployments under different climatic conditions.

[0025] The renewable energy module includes a wind turbine and a photovoltaic panel, both of which are connected to a DC / DC converter. By integrating renewable energy access capabilities and optimizing scheduling through an energy management module, the module maximizes the use of clean energy, reduces dependence on grid power, lowers operating costs, and achieves energy conservation and emission reduction.

[0026] The preset strategies of the energy management module include: Grid connection mode: When the mains power is normal, the mains power grid is used first to supply power to the base station load. At the same time, based on the power generation of the renewable energy module and the state of charge of the hybrid energy storage module, the renewable energy module and the mains power grid are controlled to charge the hybrid energy storage module simultaneously or individually. Off-grid mode: When the mains power grid is interrupted, the hybrid energy storage module is activated to supply power to the base station load. The supercapacitor bank is used first to deal with the instantaneous power fluctuations of the load, and then the lithium-ion battery bank provides the main energy output. The output ratio of the two is dynamically adjusted according to the load demand. Energy optimization strategy: While ensuring reliable power supply to the base station, maximize the use of renewable energy modules and optimize the charge and discharge depth and number of times of hybrid energy storage modules.

[0027] This invention provides a method for operating an energy storage device for a communication base station, comprising the following steps: S1. The energy management module performs self-tests on each module and collects initial state data. S2, Mode Judgment and Switching: S201. If the mains power grid is normal, enter the grid-connected working mode; S202. If the mains power grid is interrupted, it will enter the off-grid working mode. S3, Grid-connected working mode: S301, the energy management module monitors the status of the mains power grid, the power generation of the renewable energy module, the state of charge of the hybrid energy storage module, and the load power of the base station in real time; S302, The base station load shall be powered by the mains power grid and renewable energy modules simultaneously or individually; S303. When the renewable energy module has excess power or the state of charge of the hybrid energy storage module is lower than the preset threshold, the hybrid energy storage module is charged. When charging the hybrid energy storage module, the supercapacitor bank can be charged to the preset state of charge first, and then the lithium-ion battery bank can be charged, or the two can be charged together according to their characteristics. S4, Offline Working Mode: S401, The energy management module starts the hybrid energy storage module to supply power to the DC bus through the bidirectional DC / DC conversion module; S402, Prioritize the release of energy from the supercapacitor bank to respond to instantaneous power demands; S403, Start the lithium-ion battery pack to output energy as the main energy source; S404. Based on the real-time load power of the base station and the state of charge of the hybrid energy storage module, dynamically adjust the output power distribution of the lithium-ion battery pack and the supercapacitor pack; when the state of charge of the hybrid energy storage module is lower than the preset threshold, the energy management module sends a low power alarm message to the remote monitoring center through the communication module. Here, the preset threshold is lower than the preset threshold in S303. S5. Safety monitoring and protection: Continuously monitor the hybrid energy storage module and environmental parameters, and activate corresponding protection measures when abnormalities occur; S6. Data Communication and Remote Management: Uploads operational data to the remote monitoring center periodically and receives remote commands.

[0028] Those skilled in the art will understand that the features described in the various embodiments and / or claims of the present invention can be combined or combined in various ways, even if such combinations or combinations are not explicitly described in the present invention. In particular, the features described in the various embodiments and / or claims of the present invention can be combined or combined in various ways without departing from the spirit and teachings of the present invention. All such combinations and / or combinations fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An energy storage device for communication base stations, characterized in that, The power grid, AC / DC converter, hybrid energy storage module, bidirectional DC / DC adapter module, base station, DC / DC adapter, renewable energy module, safety protection module, environmental monitoring module, energy management module and communication module are connected with the energy management module. The power grid is used for hybrid energy storage and base station load power supply. The AC / DC converter is used for converting AC power into DC power to charge the hybrid energy storage module or directly power the base station load. The hybrid energy storage module is used for providing power storage and release. The bidirectional DC / DC adapter module is used for realizing bidirectional energy conversion between the hybrid energy storage module and the DC bus, and connecting the base station load through the DC bus. The base station is used for realizing wireless signal coverage and transmission. The DC / DC adapter is used for converting the DC power output by the renewable energy module into a voltage level suitable for charging the hybrid energy storage module or for use by the base station load. The renewable energy module is used for hybrid energy storage. The safety protection module is used for monitoring the voltage, current and temperature parameters of the hybrid energy storage module and executing protection measures when the parameters are abnormal. The environmental monitoring module is used for collecting temperature, humidity and smoke parameters of the internal and external environment of the hybrid energy storage module and transmitting the data to the energy management module. The energy management module is used for collecting the state of the power grid, the power generation of the renewable energy module, the state of charge and health of the hybrid energy storage module, the power demand of the base station load and environmental parameters, and controlling the working state of the multi-energy access and conversion module according to the preset strategy and the collected information. The communication module is used for realizing data interaction and instruction transmission between the energy storage device and the remote monitoring center.

2. A power storage device for a communication base station according to claim 1, wherein The power grid, AC / DC converter, hybrid energy storage module, bidirectional DC / DC adapter module, base station, DC / DC adapter, renewable energy module, safety protection module and environmental monitoring module are connected with the energy management module.

3. A power storage device for a communication base station according to claim 1, wherein The power grid is connected with the AC / DC converter, the AC / DC converter is connected with the hybrid energy storage module, the hybrid energy storage module is connected with the bidirectional DC / DC adapter module, the bidirectional DC / DC adapter module is connected with the base station through the DC bus, and the hybrid energy storage module is connected with the safety protection module.

4. A power storage device for a communication base station according to claim 1, wherein The renewable energy module is connected with the DC / DC adapter, the DC / DC adapter is connected with the hybrid energy storage module, and the renewable energy module is connected with the environmental monitoring module.

5. A power storage device for a communication base station according to claim 1, wherein The energy management module is connected with the communication module, and the AC / DC converter is connected with the base station.

6. A power storage device for a communication base station according to claim 1, wherein The hybrid energy storage module includes a lithium ion battery pack and a super capacitor pack, both of which are connected with an AC / DC converter and a DC / DC adapter, the energy management module is used for energy flow and distribution between the lithium ion battery pack and the super capacitor pack, and the bidirectional DC / DC adapter module is connected with the independent channels of the lithium ion battery pack and the super capacitor pack respectively, and is used for realizing independent energy control of the lithium ion battery pack and the super capacitor pack.

7. A power storage device for a communication base station according to claim 1, wherein The renewable energy module includes a wind turbine and a photovoltaic panel, and the wind turbine and the photovoltaic panel are connected with the DC / DC adapter.

8. A power storage device for a communication base station according to claim 1, wherein The preset strategy of the energy management module includes: Grid-connected mode: when the mains is normal, the mains power grid is preferentially used to supply power for the base station load, and meanwhile, the renewable energy module and the mains power grid are controlled to simultaneously or singly charge the hybrid energy storage module according to the power generation of the renewable energy module and the state of charge of the hybrid energy storage module; Off-grid mode: when the mains power grid is interrupted, the hybrid energy storage module is started to supply power for the base station load, the super capacitor pack is preferentially called to cope with the instantaneous power fluctuation of the load, then the lithium ion battery pack provides the main energy output, and the output proportion of the two is dynamically adjusted according to the load demand; Energy optimization strategy: under the premise of guaranteeing the reliable power supply of the base station, the renewable energy module is maximally utilized, and the charging and discharging depth and times of the hybrid energy storage module are optimized.

9. A method of operating a power storage device for a communication base station according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by, The method includes the following steps: S1, self-checking of each module is completed through the energy management module, and initial state data is collected; S2, mode judgment and switching: S201, if the mains power grid is normal, the grid-connected working mode is entered; S202, if the mains power grid is interrupted, the off-grid working mode is entered; S3, grid-connected working mode: S301, the energy management module monitors the state of the mains power grid, the power generation of the renewable energy module, the state of charge of the hybrid energy storage module and the load power of the base station in real time; S302, the mains power grid and the renewable energy module are preferentially used to simultaneously or singly supply power for the base station load; S303, when the renewable energy module has excess power or the state of charge of the hybrid energy storage module is lower than a preset threshold, the hybrid energy storage module is charged; S4, off-grid working mode: S401, the energy management module starts the hybrid energy storage module to supply power to the DC bus through the bidirectional DC / DC conversion module; S402, the super capacitor pack is preferentially controlled to release energy to respond to the instantaneous power demand; S403, the lithium ion battery pack is started to output energy as the main energy source; S404, the output power distribution of the lithium ion battery pack and the super capacitor pack is dynamically adjusted according to the real-time load power of the base station and the state of charge of the hybrid energy storage module; S5, safety monitoring and protection: the hybrid energy storage module and environmental parameters are continuously monitored, and corresponding protection measures are started when an abnormality occurs; S6, data communication and remote management: running data is uploaded to the remote monitoring center at regular time, and remote instructions are received.

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