Breeding method of Honghua cattle with high snowflake meat yield

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of livestock breeding, in particular to a breeding method of Honghua cattle with high snowflake meat yield. The daily ration containing the grape wine pomace is accurately prepared in different growth stages, and different doses of additives scientifically compounded by multiple functional components are used in a matched mode, so that high-yield and high-quality snowflake meat can be achieved on the premise that the fattening period (18-month-old slaughtering) is shortened.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of livestock breeding technology, specifically to a method for raising safflower cattle that produce high-yield marbled beef. Background Technology

[0002] Wagyu beef, characterized by its evenly distributed marbling between muscle fibers, is known for its tender, juicy texture and unique flavor, making it highly valuable in the premium beef market. Red Angus cattle, for example, are among the superior breeds for producing Wagyu beef, possessing excellent intramuscular fat deposition potential. Currently, traditional methods for improving the marbling grade of beef rely primarily on two aspects: first, genetic selection, choosing breeding cattle with strong intramuscular fat deposition capabilities; and second, the use of traditional long-term fattening techniques, typically extending the fattening period to 24 months or even more than 30 months, promoting fat deposition through continuous feeding of high-energy diets. However, this method has significant drawbacks: the excessively long feeding cycle leads to reduced feed conversion rates, a sharp increase in breeding costs, low pen utilization, and the potential for increased health risks to cattle, affecting meat quality and safety.

[0003] To shorten the fattening cycle while maintaining the yield of marbled pork, existing technologies attempt to add various nutritional or functional additives to the feed. For example, some methods use single fat regulators (such as conjugated linoleic acid) or plant extracts (such as astragalus polysaccharides) to improve fat metabolism. However, these methods often have the following problems: The timing and dosage of additives are inconsistent: Nutritional adjustments are not made precisely and differentiated according to the physiological characteristics of cattle at different growth stages (such as the skeletal development period of calves, the muscle growth period in the early fattening stage, and the critical period of fat deposition in the late fattening stage). Adding lipids too early or in excessive amounts during growth-promoting stages may affect normal bone and muscle development; while during the critical period of fat deposition, insufficient additives will fail to achieve the desired marbled meat formation. This "one-size-fits-all" approach is inefficient and yields inconsistent results.

[0004] Single-component additives have limited function and poor synergistic effects: The formation of marbled meat is a complex physiological process involving multiple aspects such as energy metabolism, adipocyte differentiation, and antioxidant stress. Using additives with single components makes it difficult to effectively regulate this process in a comprehensive and multi-target manner, resulting in limited improvements in the yield and quality of marbled meat.

[0005] On the other hand, wine lees, a byproduct of winemaking, is rich in dietary fiber, protein, and polyphenolic antioxidants (such as resveratrol), making it a potentially valuable unconventional feed resource. Theoretically, using it in ruminant feed could reduce feed costs and improve meat quality by utilizing its antioxidant properties. However, in practical applications, the following technical bottlenecks exist: The timing and dosage of addition are unclear: Current technologies for utilizing wine lees mostly focus on simple feed substitution or low-proportion addition, failing to systematically apply it as a key functional ingredient. Cattle at different growth stages have varying tolerance and utilization efficiency to high-fiber, high-tannin feeds. Improper dosage in calves and other animals with underdeveloped digestive systems may cause indigestion; while in the later stages of fattening, insufficient dosage will not fully realize its effects of improving meat flavor and providing antioxidant preservation.

[0006] Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for a feeding method that can overcome the shortcomings of existing technologies and increase the yield of high-quality marbled meat while shortening the fattening cycle. Summary of the Invention

[0007] Therefore, based on the above background, the present invention provides a method for raising high-yield marbled beef cattle. By precisely configuring a diet containing wine lees at different growth stages and using different doses of additives scientifically compounded from multiple functional ingredients, it is possible to produce high-quality marbled beef while shortening the fattening cycle (slaughter at 18 months of age).

[0008] This invention provides the following technical solution: A method for raising high-yield marbled beef stag cattle, including feeding during the calf growth period, early fattening period, late fattening period, and slaughter period; Specifically: ① For calves aged 4-7 months: Feed them a first mixed diet and an additive. The additive is mixed into the first mixed diet and fed at a rate of 0.5-1.0% of the weight of the first mixed diet. They can eat freely three times a day. ② Early fattening stage (8-12 months): Feed a second mixed diet and an additive. The additive is mixed into the second mixed diet and fed at a rate of 1.0-2.2% of the weight of the second mixed diet. Feed freely three times a day. ③ Late fattening stage (13-16 months): Feed the third mixed diet and additives. The additives are mixed into the third mixed diet and fed at an amount of 2.2-3.1% of the weight of the third mixed diet. Feed freely three times a day. ④ 17-18 month old age: Feed the fourth mixed diet, with free access to feed three times a day.

[0009] The additive is composed of cottonseed protein peptide, conjugated linoleic acid, astragalus polysaccharide, soy isoflavones and mulberry leaf extract, and the mass ratio of cottonseed protein peptide, conjugated linoleic acid, astragalus polysaccharide, soy isoflavones and mulberry leaf extract is (4-8):(3-7):(2-5):(1-4):(1-3).

[0010] Furthermore, the mass ratio of the additive to cottonseed protein peptide, conjugated linoleic acid, astragalus polysaccharide, soybean isoflavones, and mulberry leaf extract is 6:5:4:3:2.

[0011] Furthermore, the first mixed diet consists of the following components in the following weight ratios: corn 45-60% soybean meal 15-25% bran 10-15% Wine lees 1-3% alfalfa hay 8-12% stone powder 0.5-1.5% Calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.5-0.8% salt 0.5-1% First premix 1.5-2.2% .

[0012] Furthermore, the second mixed diet consists of the following components in the following weight ratios: corn 45-60% soybean meal 15-25% Wine lees 5-8% oat hay 8-12% DDGS 8-12% stone powder 0.5-1.5% Calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.5-0.8% salt 0.5-1% baking soda 0-0.5% Second premix 0.8-1.5% .

[0013] Furthermore, the third mixed diet consists of the following components in the following weight ratios: corn 58-65% soybean meal 5-12% puffed soybeans 8-15% Wine lees 8-12% oat hay 3-8% Compressed barley 3-8% stone powder 0.5-1.5% Calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.5-0.8% salt 0.5-1% baking soda 0.8-1.5% Third premix 0.8-1.5% .

[0014] Furthermore, the fourth mixed diet consists of the following components in the following weight ratios: corn 58-65% soybean meal 5-12% puffed soybeans 8-15% Wine lees 8-12% oat hay 3-8% Compressed barley 3-8% stone powder 0.5-1.5% Calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.3-0.8% salt 0.5-1% baking soda 0.8-1.5% Fourth premix 0.8-1.5% .

[0015] Furthermore, the safflower cattle mentioned are selected from Red Angus cattle.

[0016] Further, specifically feeding: ① 4-7 month old calves during growth period: feed the first mixed diet and additives. The additives are mixed into the first mixed diet and fed at an amount of 0.8% of the weight of the first mixed diet. They can eat freely three times a day. ② Early fattening stage (8-12 months): Feed the second mixed diet and additives. The additives are mixed into the second mixed diet and fed at a rate of 1.5% of the weight of the second mixed diet. Feed freely three times a day. ③ Late fattening stage (13-16 months): Feed the third mixed diet and additives. The additives are mixed into the third mixed diet and fed at a rate of 2.5% of the weight of the third mixed diet. Feed freely three times a day. ④ 17-18 month old age: Feed the fourth mixed diet, with free access to feed three times a day.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are: ① This invention, by precisely controlling the amount of additives and wine lees at different physiological stages, can significantly promote the deposition of intramuscular fat (marbling), enabling the proportion of marbled beef (marbling score ≥ 4) in saury cattle to reach more than 75%, and can significantly increase the yield of marbled beef.

[0018] ② Traditional methods require 24 months or even longer to reach the ideal body condition, while this invention, through scientific stage-based nutritional regulation, can achieve slaughter at 17-18 months of age, shortening the fattening cycle by more than 6 months.

[0019] ③ This invention systematically integrates wine lees as a functional feed ingredient into the daily diet at each stage, which not only reduces feed costs but also leverages its multiple physiological functions. In particular, increasing its dosage in the late fattening and slaughtering stages, in synergy with additives, effectively improves meat flavor and antioxidant stability, forming a unique technological advantage. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0021] Unless otherwise specified, all chemical reagents and materials in this invention are purchased from the market or synthesized from raw materials purchased from the market.

[0022] The wine lees used in the following examples or comparative examples are dried, mold-free, and fully fermented wine lees (moisture content <3%) obtained from the production of red wine at a local winery in Zhangjiachuan.

[0023] Cottonseed protein peptides, purchased from Xi'an Longmao Biotechnology Co., Ltd., with a content of 99% and a particle size of 80-100 mesh; Conjugated linoleic acid, CAS No. 2420-56-6, was purchased from Wuhan Jiyesheng Chemical Co., Ltd.

[0024] Astragalus polysaccharide, CAS No. 89250-26-0, was purchased from Wuhan Jiyesheng Chemical Co., Ltd., with an effective ingredient content of 95%.

[0025] Mulberry leaf extract was purchased from Shaanxi Jiacheng Dingsheng Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Soy isoflavones CAS number 486-66-8.

[0026] Example 1: A method for raising high-yield marbled beef calves, including feeding during the calf growth period, early fattening period, late fattening period, and slaughter period, with specific feeding procedures as follows: ① 4-7 month old calves during growth period: feed the first mixed diet and additives. The additives are mixed into the first mixed diet and fed at an amount of 0.8% of the weight of the first mixed diet. They can eat freely three times a day. ② Early fattening stage (8-12 months): Feed the second mixed diet and additives. The additives are mixed into the second mixed diet and fed at a rate of 1.5% of the weight of the second mixed diet. Feed freely three times a day. ③ Late fattening stage (13-16 months): Feed the third mixed diet and additives. The additives are mixed into the third mixed diet and fed at a rate of 2.5% of the weight of the third mixed diet. Feed freely three times a day. ④ 17-18 month old age: Feed the fourth mixed diet, with free access to feed three times a day.

[0027] The first mixed diet consists of the following components in the following weight ratios: corn 50% soybean meal 20% bran 12% Wine lees 3% alfalfa hay 10% stone powder 1.5% Calcium hydrogen phosphate 1.0% salt 0.5% First premix 2.0% .

[0028] Each kg of the first premix contains: Vitamin A 6,000,000 IU, Vitamin D3 1,500,000 IU, Vitamin E 25,000 IU; Vitamin K3 600 mg, Vitamin B1 960 mg, Vitamin B2 2400 mg, Vitamin B6 1200 mg, Vitamin B... 12 16mg, Nicotinamide 9600mg; Copper 6000mg, Iron 8000mg, Zinc 10000mg, Manganese 5000mg, Selenium 30mg, Iodine 150mg, Cobalt 50mg; Compound Probiotics (purchased externally, product name Zhenguanjun-100, Henan Zhilong Biotechnology Co., Ltd.) 5×10 10 CFU.

[0029] The second mixed diet consists of the following components in the following weight ratios: corn 55% soybean meal 17% Wine lees 6% DDGS 8% oat hay 10% stone powder 1.2% Calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.8% salt 0.5% baking soda 0.5% Second premix 1.0% .

[0030] Each kg of the second premix contains: Vitamin A 5,000,000 IU, Vitamin D3 1,200,000 IU, Vitamin E 30,000 mg; Vitamin K3 400 mg, Copper 4,000 mg, Iron 6,000 mg, Zinc 8,000 mg, Manganese 4,000 mg, Selenium 25 mg, Iodine 120 mg, Cobalt 40 mg, Niacin 8,000 mg; Yeast culture 40,000 mg, Lysine 30,000 mg, Methionine 10,000 mg.

[0031] The third mixed diet consists of the following components in the following weight ratios: corn 60% soybean meal 8% puffed soybeans 10% Wine lees 8% oat hay 5% Compressed barley 5% stone powder 0.8% Calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.5% salt 0.5% baking soda 1.2% Third premix 1.0%

[0032] Each kg of the third premix contains: Vitamin A 4,000,000 IU, Vitamin D3 800,000 IU, Vitamin E 40,000 mg; Vitamin K3 300 mg, Copper 2,500 mg, Iron 5,000 mg, Zinc 6,000 mg, Manganese 3,000 mg, Selenium 20 mg, Iodine 100 mg, Cobalt 30 mg, Niacin 10,000 mg; Yeast culture 40,000 mg.

[0033] The fourth mixed diet consists of the following components in the following weight ratios: corn 60% soybean meal 6% puffed soybeans 12% Wine lees 10% oat hay 5% Compressed barley 5% stone powder 0.7% Calcium hydrogen phosphate 0.4% salt 0.5% baking soda 1.4% Fourth premix 1.0% .

[0034] Each kg of the fourth premix contains: Vitamin A 3,000,000 IU, Vitamin D3 600,000 IU, Vitamin E 50,000 mg; Vitamin K3 200 mg, Copper 1,000 mg, Iron 4,000 mg, Zinc 5,000 mg, Manganese 2,000 mg, Selenium 15 mg, Iodine 80 mg, Cobalt 15 mg, Niacin 8,000 mg; Yeast culture 60,000 mg.

[0035] The additive is composed of cottonseed protein peptide, conjugated linoleic acid, astragalus polysaccharide, soy isoflavones and mulberry leaf extract, wherein the mass ratio of cottonseed protein peptide, conjugated linoleic acid, astragalus polysaccharide, soy isoflavones and mulberry leaf extract is 6:5:4:3:2.

[0036] Comparative Example 1: A feeding method for high-yield marbled beef stag cattle, including feeding during the calf growth period, early fattening period, late fattening period, and slaughter period, with specific feeding procedures as follows: ① 4-7 month old calves during growth period: feed the first mixed ration, with free access to feed three times a day; ② Early fattening stage (8-12 months): Feed the second mixed diet, with free access to feed three times a day; ③ Late fattening stage (13-16 months): Feed the third mixed diet, with free access to feed three times a day; ④ 17-18 month old age: Feed the fourth mixed diet, with free access to feed three times a day.

[0037] Compared with Example 1, no additives were fed in any stage of this comparative example, but otherwise it was the same as Example 1.

[0038] Comparative Example 2: A feeding method for high-yield marbled beef calves, including feeding during the calf growth period, early fattening period, late fattening period, and slaughter period, with specific feeding procedures as follows: ① 4-7 month old calves during growth period: feed the first mixed diet and additives. The additives are mixed into the first mixed diet and fed at an amount of 0.8% of the weight of the first mixed diet. They can eat freely three times a day. ② Early fattening stage (8-12 months): Feed the second mixed diet and additives. The additives are mixed into the second mixed diet and fed at a rate of 1.5% of the weight of the second mixed diet. Feed freely three times a day. ③ Late fattening stage (13-16 months): Feed the third mixed diet and additives. The additives are mixed into the third mixed diet and fed at a rate of 2.5% of the weight of the third mixed diet. Feed freely three times a day. ④ 17-18 month old age: Feed the fourth mixed diet, with free access to feed three times a day.

[0039] Compared with Example 1, the first, second, third and fourth mixed diets of this comparative example all contain 3% wine lees. The portion of wine lees exceeding 3% in the second, third and fourth mixed diets is replaced with corn.

[0040] Comparative Example 3: A feeding method for high-yield marbled beef calves, including feeding during the calf growth period, early fattening period, late fattening period, and slaughter period, with specific feeding procedures as follows: ① 4-7 month old calves during growth period: feed the first mixed diet and additives. The additives are mixed into the first mixed diet and fed at an amount of 0.8% of the weight of the first mixed diet. They can eat freely three times a day. ② Early fattening stage (8-12 months): Feed the second mixed diet and additives. The additives are mixed into the second mixed diet and fed at a rate of 1.5% of the weight of the second mixed diet. Feed freely three times a day. ③ Late fattening stage (13-16 months): Feed the third mixed diet and additives. The additives are mixed into the third mixed diet and fed at a rate of 2.5% of the weight of the third mixed diet. Feed freely three times a day. ④ 17-18 month old age: Feed the fourth mixed diet, with free access to feed three times a day.

[0041] Compared with Example 1, the first mixed diet, second mixed diet, third mixed diet and fourth mixed diet of this comparative example all contain 8% wine lees. The wine lees of the first mixed diet and the second mixed diet are less than 8%, so the corn is replaced with wine lees. The portion of the fourth mixed diet exceeding 3% is replaced with corn.

[0042] Comparative Example 4: A feeding method for high-yield marbled beef stag cattle, including feeding during the calf growth period, early fattening period, late fattening period, and slaughter period, with specific feeding procedures as follows: ① 4-7 month old calves during growth period: feed the first mixed diet and additives. The additives are mixed into the first mixed diet and fed at an amount of 0.8% of the weight of the first mixed diet. They can eat freely three times a day. ② Early fattening stage (8-12 months): Feed the second mixed diet and additives. The additives are mixed into the second mixed diet and fed at a rate of 1.5% of the weight of the second mixed diet. Feed freely three times a day. ③ Late fattening stage (13-16 months): Feed the third mixed diet and additives. The additives are mixed into the third mixed diet and fed at a rate of 2.5% of the weight of the third mixed diet. Feed freely three times a day. ④ 17-18 month old age: Feed the fourth mixed diet, with free access to feed three times a day.

[0043] Compared with Example 1, the wine lees in the first, second, third and fourth mixed diets of this comparative example were all replaced with corn.

[0044] Comparative Example 5: A feeding method for high-yield marbled beef calves, including feeding during the calf growth period, early fattening period, late fattening period, and slaughter period, with specific feeding procedures as follows: ① 4-7 month old calves during growth period: feed the first mixed diet and additives. The additives are mixed into the first mixed diet and fed at an amount of 0.8% of the weight of the first mixed diet. They can eat freely three times a day. ② Early fattening stage (8-12 months): Feed the second mixed diet and additives. The additives are mixed into the second mixed diet and fed at a rate of 0.8% of the weight of the second mixed diet. Feed freely three times a day. ③ Late fattening stage (13-16 months): Feed the third mixed diet and additives. The additives are mixed into the third mixed diet and fed at a rate of 0.8% of the weight of the third mixed diet. Feed freely three times a day. ④ 17-18 month old age: Feed the fourth mixed diet, with free access to feed three times a day.

[0045] Compared with Example 1, the amount of additives used in each stage accounted for 0.8% of the corresponding mixed diet in each stage.

[0046] Comparative Example 6: A feeding method for high-yield marbled beef calves, including feeding during the calf growth period, early fattening period, late fattening period, and slaughter period, with specific feeding procedures as follows: ① 4-7 month old calves during growth period: feed the first mixed diet and additives. The additives are mixed into the first mixed diet and fed at an amount of 1.5% of the weight of the first mixed diet. They can eat freely three times a day. ② Early fattening stage (8-12 months): Feed the second mixed diet and additives. The additives are mixed into the second mixed diet and fed at a rate of 1.5% of the weight of the second mixed diet. Feed freely three times a day. ③ Late fattening stage (13-16 months): Feed the third mixed diet and additives. The additives are mixed into the third mixed diet and fed at a rate of 1.5% of the weight of the third mixed diet. Feed freely three times a day. ④ 17-18 month old age: Feed the fourth mixed diet, with free access to feed three times a day.

[0047] Compared with Example 1, the amount of additives used in each stage accounted for 1.5% of the corresponding mixed diet in each stage.

[0048] Comparative Example 7: A feeding method for high-yield marbled beef calves, including feeding during the calf growth period, early fattening period, late fattening period, and slaughter period, with specific feeding procedures as follows: ① 4-7 month old calves during growth period: feed the first mixed diet and the additive, the additive is mixed into the first mixed diet and fed at an amount of 2.5% of the weight of the first mixed diet, and feed freely three times a day; ② Early fattening stage (8-12 months): Feed a second mixed diet and an additive. The additive is mixed into the second mixed diet and fed at a rate of 2.5% of the weight of the second mixed diet. Feed freely three times a day. ③ Late fattening stage (13-16 months): Feed the third mixed diet and additives. The additives are mixed into the third mixed diet and fed at a rate of 2.5% of the weight of the third mixed diet. Feed freely three times a day. ④ 17-18 month old age: Feed the fourth mixed diet, with free access to feed three times a day.

[0049] Compared with Example 1, the amount of additives used in each stage of this comparative example accounted for 2.5% of the corresponding mixed diet for each stage.

[0050] The experimental site was a safflower cattle breeding base in Zhangjiachuan, where the cattle were local safflower cattle, specifically Red Angus breeds.

[0051] Following the above Example 1, Comparative Examples 1 to 7, 4-month-old calves were selected and grouped for feeding, with 12 calves in each group. The weight difference between the calves in each group did not exceed 3%.

[0052] After slaughtering each group of safflower cattle, the average carcass weight and dressing percentage were statistically analyzed, and the average yield of marbled beef per head of each group and marbled beef of grade 4 or above was statistically analyzed (the quality of the marbled beef obtained in Examples 1 and 2 was evaluated according to the standard of "Beef Grade Specification" (NY / T676-2010). The results are shown in Table 1.

[0053] Table 1: Performance of Each Group Grouping Example 1 Comparative Example 1 Comparative Example 2 Comparative Example 3 Comparative Example 4 Comparative Example 5 Comparative Example 6 Comparative Example 7 Carcass weightkg 412 385 396 404 398 392 401 407 Slaughter rate % 63.1 58.5 60.8 62.3 61.2 60.3 61.9 62.8 Grade 4 or above snowflake meat (kg / head) 118 85 98 105 92 95 108 102 Total yield of snowflake meat (kg / head) 148 103 118 130 112 115 135 128 .

[0054] As shown in Table 1, Example 1 demonstrated the best results, exhibiting the highest overall growth and meat production efficiency. It also showed the best yield of grade 4 or higher marbled beef (118 kg / head) and total marbled beef yield (148 kg), proving its excellent performance in improving meat quality and yield. Comparative Example 1, without additives, had the worst performance in all indicators, indicating that additives are the core driving force for promoting fat deposition. Without additives, cattle would grow in a conventional manner, resulting in the lowest fat deposition and efficiency, demonstrating that additives are a crucial factor in improving meat quality and yield. Comparative Example 4 (completely without wine lees) showed significantly lower performance than Example 1 in all indicators, especially marbled beef yield. This demonstrates that the addition of wine lees makes a substantial contribution to improving antioxidant capacity, meat quality, and marbled beef yield.

[0055] Comparative Example 2 (3% low amount of wine lees throughout the entire process) and Comparative Example 3 (8% medium to high amount of wine lees throughout the entire process) were not as effective as Example 1 (phased application). This may be because Comparative Example 2 lacked sufficient function in the later stages of fattening, leading to a decrease in marbled meat yield. Comparative Example 3 may have caused a digestive burden in the calf stage, affecting the initial weight gain. Although the final carcass weight was acceptable, the marbled meat deposition efficiency (especially for high-grade calves) was lower than the optimal solution. Therefore, it is evident that adding wine lees in stages is superior to adding a fixed amount.

[0056] Comparative Examples 5 (0.8% additive throughout the entire process), 6 (1.5% medium additive throughout the entire process), and 7 (2.5% high additive throughout the entire process) all showed lower improvements in meat quality and yield of marbled meat compared to Example 1 (phased addition). This may be because Comparative Example 5 suffered from insufficient energy during the later stages of fattening, resulting in the lowest marbled meat yield. Comparative Example 7, using a high dose during the calf stage, may have been an unnecessary waste or even caused metabolic stress; although the carcass weight was high, the "efficiency" and "quality" (yield of grade 4 and above) of marbled meat deposition were not optimal, resulting in low cost-effectiveness. Comparative Example 6 showed acceptable results, but its indicators were still inferior to Example 1.

[0057] By comparing Example 1 with Comparative Examples 1 to 7, it can be seen that the phased addition of additives and wine lees in Example 1 can help improve the yield and quality of snowflake meat, and the addition of additives and wine lees can play a certain synergistic role.

[0058] The following analysis explains the principle behind the invention of differentially adding wine lees and additives according to the physiological characteristics of different stages: Regarding the differentiated addition of additives at different stages in this invention: Calf growth period (4-7 months old, additive 0.5-1.0%): This stage is crucial for rapid bone and muscle development, and the nutritional focus is on promoting growth rather than fat deposition. Additives are used in low doses, primarily to lay a foundation and regulate immune function. Astragalus polysaccharides and mulberry leaf extract can enhance calf immunity, reduce stress and disease, and ensure healthy development; small amounts of soy isoflavones and conjugated linoleic acid begin to fine-tune their endocrine and metabolic patterns, "warming up" for subsequent fat deposition, but avoiding premature and excessive fat deposition that could affect skeletal growth.

[0059] Early fattening stage (8-12 months, additive 1.0-2.2%): Muscle growth peaks during this stage, and fat deposition begins. The additive dosage is increased to promote growth and guide its direction. Conjugated linoleic acid and cottonseed peptides, while providing high-quality protein and energy, begin to more significantly regulate fat metabolism, directing energy towards muscle growth and initial fat deposition. Soy isoflavones, through estrogen-like effects, further promote protein synthesis and mild fat deposition.

[0060] Late fattening stage (13-16 months, 2.2-3.1% additive): This stage is the "golden window" for intramuscular fat (marbling). The additive dosage reaches its peak during this period, the principle being to powerfully drive marbling formation. High doses of conjugated linoleic acid have been shown to redistribute body fat, reducing subcutaneous fat while increasing intramuscular fat; the synergistic effect of soy isoflavones and astragalus polysaccharides promotes adipocyte differentiation and lipid synthesis; cottonseed protein peptides provide ample amino acids and peptides as the "backbone" for fat deposition; alkaloids in mulberry leaf extract help regulate blood sugar homeostasis, providing a sufficient carbon source for fat synthesis. Multiple components work synergistically through different pathways to efficiently drive the formation of marbled meat.

[0061] Slaughter period (17-18 months old, additives discontinued): Additives are discontinued at this stage. This ensures that the beef is residue-free and meets food safety requirements. It also allows the cattle's metabolism to return to a stable state, which helps stabilize the flavor and mature the meat.

[0062] This invention also addresses the differentiated usage of wine lees at different stages: Calf stage (low dose: 1-3%): This stage involves adaptive introduction and prebiotic effects. The low dose allows the rumen microbiota to gradually adapt to components such as tannins in wine lees, utilizing its prebiotic properties to optimize rumen fermentation, promote the growth of beneficial bacteria, and lay a foundation for healthy digestion.

[0063] Early fattening stage (medium dose: 5-8%): This stage mainly optimizes the rumen environment, increases the amount of wine pomace, and partially replaces traditional roughage. The rich fiber helps maintain rumen health and prevents the risk of acidosis caused by increased concentrate. Polyphenols begin to exert their antioxidant effects, protecting nutrients.

[0064] Late fattening to slaughter (high dosage: 8-12%): This stage is crucial for meat quality formation. Powerful antioxidants such as polyphenols (e.g., resveratrol) from wine lees are absorbed into the bloodstream and tissues, effectively inhibiting fat oxidation, extending shelf life, and imparting a unique flavor to the beef. The high-fiber profile further ensures rumen health, meeting the challenges of high-energy diets. This improves meat quality and provides antioxidant preservation, perfectly complementing the fat deposition effect of high-dose additives, jointly promoting the formation of high-quality marbled beef.

[0065] In summary, this invention forms a precise nutritional regulation system by linking the dosage of additives (core driver) and wine lees (environmental control and quality improvement) in four growth stages and complementing their functions, ultimately achieving high yield and high quality marbled meat in a short period of time.

[0066] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles and main features of the present invention and its advantages. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above exemplary embodiments, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or basic features of the present invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting in all respects. The scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description, and therefore all changes falling within the meaning and scope of the equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for raising high-yield marbled beef calves, comprising feeding during the calf growth period, early fattening period, late fattening period, and slaughter period, characterized in that, ① For calves aged 4-7 months: Feed them a first mixed diet and an additive. The additive is mixed into the first mixed diet and fed at a rate of 0.5-1.0% of the weight of the first mixed diet. They can eat freely three times a day. ② Early fattening stage (8-12 months): Feed a second mixed diet and an additive. The additive is mixed into the second mixed diet and fed at a rate of 1.0-2.2% of the weight of the second mixed diet. Feed freely three times a day. ③ Late fattening stage (13-16 months): Feed the third mixed diet and additives. The additives are mixed into the third mixed diet and fed at an amount of 2.2-3.1% of the weight of the third mixed diet. Feed freely three times a day. ④ 17-18 month old age: Feed with the fourth mixed diet, three times a day with free access; The additive is composed of cottonseed protein peptide, conjugated linoleic acid, astragalus polysaccharide, soy isoflavones and mulberry leaf extract, and the mass ratio of cottonseed protein peptide, conjugated linoleic acid, astragalus polysaccharide, soy isoflavones and mulberry leaf extract is (4-8):(3-7):(2-5):(1-4):(1-3).

2. The method for raising high-yield marbled beef safflower cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The additive contains cottonseed protein peptides, conjugated linoleic acid, astragalus polysaccharides, soy isoflavones, and mulberry leaf extract in a mass ratio of 6:5:4:3:

2.

3. The method for raising high-yield marbled beef safflower cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first mixed diet consists of the following components in the following weight ratios composition: 。 4. The method for raising high-yield marbled beef safflower cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second mixed diet consists of the following components in the following weight ratios composition: 。 5. The method for raising high-yield marbled beef safflower cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The third mixed diet consists of the following components in the following weight ratios composition: 。 6. The method for raising high-yield marbled beef safflower cattle according to claim 1, characterized in that, The fourth mixed diet consists of the following components in the following weight ratios composition: 。 7. A method for raising high-yield marbled beef cattle according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, The safflower cattle mentioned are Red Angus cattle.

8. A method for raising high-yield marbled beef cattle according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, ① 4-7 month old calves during growth period: feed the first mixed diet and additives. The additives are mixed into the first mixed diet and fed at an amount of 0.8% of the weight of the first mixed diet. They can eat freely three times a day. ② Early fattening stage (8-12 months): Feed the second mixed diet and additives. The additives are mixed into the second mixed diet and fed at a rate of 1.5% of the weight of the second mixed diet. Feed freely three times a day. ③ Late fattening stage (13-16 months): Feed the third mixed diet and additives. The additives are mixed into the third mixed diet and fed at a rate of 2.5% of the weight of the third mixed diet. Feed freely three times a day. ④ 17-18 month old age: Feed the fourth mixed diet, with free access to feed three times a day.